11.2 Blood: A Fluid Tissue
Pages 482-486
Function of Blood
• Delivers oxygen to cells• Delivers nutrients to cells• Collects wastes away from cells
Components
• Red blood cells• White blood cells• Platelets• Plasma
Plasma
• 90% water• Dissolved O2, CO2, glucose, vitamins and
minerals, wastes• Proteins: albumins, globulins and fibrinogen.• Dissolve ions Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-, and HCO3
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Albumins
• Control water levels in the blood
Globulins
• Transport lipids, cholesterol, fat-soluble vitamins (A,D,E and K), some minerals
• Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Fibrinogen
• Role in blood clotting
Serum
• Plasma with fibrinogen and clotting factors
Erythrocytes
• Red blood cells• Biconcave disks• 135 RBC’s per mm• Formed from stem cells in bone marrow• No nucleus in mature cells• Lifespan 120 days• Liver and spleen break RBC’s down
Leukocytes
• White blood cells• nucleus• Granular leukocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils
and basophils) kill bacteria• Agranular leukocytes (lymphocytes,
monocytes) engulf bacteria• Pus
Granules
Platelets
• Protection• Produced in the bone marrow• Blood clotting• Platelets and fibrinogen form clot
Blood Count
• Hemocytometer• Anemia (low RBC coun t)
Plasma
Plasma 55-58%• Water 91-92% • Plasma proteins 7-8%• Dissolved things 1-2%
Cells
• Platelets 250000-300000 per microlitreLeukocytes• Neutrophils 3000-6750• Lymphocytes 1000-2700• Monocytes/macrophages 150-720• Eosinophils 100-360• Basophils 25-90
• Erythrocytes 4 800 000-5 400 000
Blood Types
• Markers A and B• Type A…marker A• Type B…marker B• Type AB…marker A & B• Type O…no marker
Immune response
• Transfusions of blood with a different marker causes an immune response
Rhesus Factor
• 85% are Rh-positive
Artificial Blood
• HBOC hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers• PFCE perfluorocarbon emulsions
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