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DICOM Image Communication in DICOM Image Communication in Globus-Based Medical Grids Globus-Based Medical Grids
Michal Vossberg, Thomas Tolxdorff, Associate Member, IEEE,
and Dagmar Krefting
Ting-Wei, Chen
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Outline
Introduction Related Work Methods Results and Discussion Conclusion and Future Work
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Introduction (cont.)
Grid environment (Medical grid) Secure Reliable Highly efficient data transport
Grid Middleware Globus toolkit Lack the integration the world-wide medical
image communication standard Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM)
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Introduction (cont.)
DICOM’s Advantage: Interoperability Asynchronous communication Integrity
From the DICOM protocol to the FTP protocol’s Disadvantage: Reduce most of the advantages and security an
integrated network of DICOM devices offers
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Introduction (cont.)
Problem Incompatible between the different imaging
devices
Solution Adapts the DICOM protocol to the Globus grid
security infrastructure
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Introduction (cont.)
Standardization Ensure compatible Correct representation
Imaging equipment of the different vendors Expect
Healthcare business The way the various healthcare actors interact
with one another
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Introduction (cont.)
Medical grid projects European Enabling Grids for E-Science in
Europe (EGEE) U.S. cancer network caBIG MediGRID
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Related Work (cont.)
Toolkit’s common security infrastructure Encryption and integrity verification of the data Authentication user or host Authorization based on the host
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Related Work (cont.)
Globus components Grid Security Interface (GSI) Grid File Transfer Protocol (Grid-FTP) Grid Services and HTTP DICOM Grid Interface Service (DGIS) Medical Data Manager (MDM) Others: Storage Resource Broker (SRB)
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Methods (cont.)
Grid-DICOM Upper layer messaging protocol for message
and data exchange Allow secure communication through an
encrypted transport protocol TLS/SSL Use a Java implementation of the DICOM
standard Dcm4che2 toolkit
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Methods (cont.)
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Methods (cont.)
Grid-DICOM Router Act a proxy and translates between the plain
and the grid protocol Service class
Verification: Forward a C-ECHO messageStorage: Forward C-STOREQuery: Forward C-FINDRetrieve: Forward C-GET and C-MOVE
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Methods (cont.)
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Methods (cont.)
Keep router mostly independent of the architecture of the hosting system
Design the application according to the Java Management Extensions specification
JBoss JMX Implicit clustering capabilities improve the
scalability and fault tolerance of the router application
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Methods (cont.)
A number of design optimization improve the performance and stabilityOptimal thread reuse and performance
scalabilityMinimize the initial handshakingAll incoming DICOM messages are processed
in buffered memory blocks
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Methods (cont.)
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Methods (cont.)
Test Scenarios Have been tested in a partial environment of the
MediGRID test bed The security level
Full transport level encryptionMutual user/host certificationAuthorization against the gridmap fileFull delegation support of credentials
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Methods (cont.)
Three typical scenarios based on the grid image processing applicationsScenario 1: DistributionScenario 2: StorageScenario 3: Moving
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Methods (cont.)
Scenario 1: Distribution. A user distributes images from a modality. a) Conventional DICOM transferb) Encrypted DICOM Transfer c) GSI-based transferd) GSI-based transfer through a router e) The DGIS imaging solution of the Globus
incubator project MEDICUS
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Methods (cont.)
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Methods (cont.)
Scenario 2: Storage. A user sends images from an imaging device to an off-site image archive (C-STORE)
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Methods (cont.)
Scenario 3: Moving. A user requests the off-site image archive to move images to a different archive
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Methods (cont.)
Three different set:One Magnetic resonance (MR)
5 series of 100 images each (512*512, 16 bit, total 250MB)
One Computed tomography (CT) 50 series of 10 images each (512*512, 16 bit, total
250MB)Ten Computed radiology (CR) chest image
10 series of 1 image each (2140*1760, 16 bit, total approx. 800MB)
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Results and Discussion (cont.)
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Transfer Rates of Scenario 1-3 In MB/s
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Results and Discussion (cont.)
DICOM throughput increases with a lower number of single images (CR > CT = MR)
The transfer rate decreases when engaging the TLS 3des encryption
Engaging the Grid-DICOM transfer results in an almost equal, if not slightly lower transfer rate than plain encryption
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Results and Discussion (cont.)
Connecting devices through a router further reduces the transfer rate through the additional message processing costs, depending on the number of images transferred
The router solution performs in the same range as the DGIS
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Conclusion and Future Work (cont.)
Proposed a solution to integrate legacy DICOM-capable system
Developed an adaptation of the DICOM protocol stack to the GSI
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Conclusion and Future Work (cont.)
Employed a system of routers that transparently convert any traffic from pure DICOM protocol
Show the setup is a promising solution for grids based on the Globus middleware
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Conclusion and Future Work (cont.)
Future work Replace the command line clients by a user
interface Improve the router software in terms of stability
and transaction ratio
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Conclusion and Future Work (cont.)
Add modification chains for the DICOM data when passing the routers
Enhance the system by a Web service for a reliable DICOM transfer
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Thank you for your attention
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