1. Three Kinds of Memory 2. Three Processes of Memory 3. Three
Stages of Memory 4. Forgetting and Memory Improvement Chapter 7:
Memory
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Bell Work: Chapter 7 Section 1 Get books/folders 1 st Ten
Minutes 1. Read All of Pg. 153 2. Think of some general knowledge,
experiences, and skills you hold in your memory a) List some skills
you have, something you remember learning from Grade school, and
some huge event you remember! b) We will create a class list and
categorize them later 3. Task #1 a) Write down all the T/F on pg.
154 with a space underneath each statement to be fixed later
on
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Task #2: Quiet 10 Minutes In your Journal Write down the
overall Question of Section 1 Then apply your PQ4R skills of
Previewing and asking questions about your reading of Section 1
Hint: There should be 5 Questions...... The 1 st should be What is
Memory The 2 nd should be What are the three kinds of memory You
should be able to figure out the 3 other questions as well as
answers by applying the 4 Rs (Read, Reflect, Recite, Review)
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What is Memory Memory is the process by which we recollect
prior experiences and information and skills leaned in the past
There a 3 KINDS OF MEMORY Episodic Memory Generic Memory Procedural
Memory
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What is episodic memory Episodic Memory is the memory of a
specific event. Event that took place in the persons presence, or
the person experienced the event Flashbulb Memory Recalling events
in great detail Some episodic memories are so intense that its as
if we photographed many of the details Knowing exactly where you
were when 9/11 happen is an example of this
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What is Generic Memory? Generic Memory is the general knowledge
that people remember Not really focused on when info was acquired
Examples Who freed the slaves? Who is the president of the U.S?
Name the capital of Nebraska
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What is Procedural Memory? Procedural Memory consists of
skills, or procedures, you have learned Examples: Riding a bike,
Throwing a ball, Classroom rules/procedures
Slide 8
Lesson Closing Task #3 Copy down Chart on board into columns
titled Episodic, Generic, and Procedural Memory Place the events
listed into appropriate columns Task #4 Complete Thinking bout
Psychology; pg. 155
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Bell Work Get Books/Folders Task #1: Answer the 1 st True/False
Turn to Task #4 Go over Answers to Thinking bout Psych
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Activity Look at these Numbers for 30 Sec. Try and memorize
them using any means necessary other than writing them down
OTTFFSSENT
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Task #5: PQ4R Section 2 Only Form the Questions as you will
look back to use this for review Question 1: What are the 3
Processes of Memory? Question 2: What is encoding? What makes it
up? Question 3: ?? Question 4: ?? Leave a line under each to
possibly answer them!
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What are the 3 Processes of Memory? Encoding Storage Retrieval
What makes up each?
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What are the 3 Processes of Memory? What is Encoding
Translation of information into a form it can be stored Changing
physical stimulation received into psychological formats via
Codes.
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What are the 3 Processes of Memory? What is Storage? 2 nd
Process of memory Maintenance of encoded information over a period
of time Maintenance Rehearsal Elaborative Rehearsal Org. Systems
Filing Errors
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What are the 3 Processes of Memory? What is Retrieval? Locating
stored information and returning it to conscious thought
Context-Dependent State-Dependent Tip-o-Tongue
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Lesson Closing Get w/ 9 oclock partners Designate one partner
the Memory and the other person the Information Information person
will have information that will need to be given in 2 of the 3
types of codes (semantic, acoustic, visual) Memory will then be
presented with the information a couple of times and then have to
recall them in front of the class
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Visual/Acoustic/Semantic Codes Visual Attempts to keep a mental
picture as the memory Acoustic Repeating information many times
Attempting to record information as a sequence of sounds Semantic
Trying to figure out what the information might mean Attempting to
represent the information in terms of its meaning? Can you Remember
the Letters from before? 1
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Storage Maintenance Rehearsal Repeating information over and
over again to keep from forgetting it Think Practice, rehearsal,
review work, etc Elaborative Rehearsal Making it meaningful by
relating it to information already well known Using vocab. Words in
sentences, L-J vocab is an example of this Org. Systems Organizing
information into classes/groups as our knowledge expands and grows
Filing Errors We often mislabel when storing our information much
like that of losing things like papers, CDs, computer files (forgot
where saved!) 2
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Retrieval Context Memories that come back to you in that place
Memory is b/c of the situation in which the person 1 st had the
experience Think of Sayings/Rituals you may do in sports/activities
May only be recalled later in life by re-visitation State Memories
retrieved b/c the mood in which they were originally encoded is
recreated Happy feelings = Happy memories : Sad = Sad Tip-o-tongue
Read Tip of Tongue pg. 160; often use semantic/acoustic codes
3
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Bell Work Task #6 Thinking about Psychology (pg. 160) Go back
and answer the 2 nd T/F of Task #1 (pg.157) Task #7 PQ4R Section 3:
Question 1: What are the three stages of memory? Question 2: What
is Sensory Memory? What makes it up? Question 3: ? Question 4:
?
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Memory!!!?!?!?!?!?? Look at figure 7.1 on pg. 154; right down
the words from it on the top of your notes, do not draw them!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KuvF113uty4
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What are the 3 Stages of Memory?
Slide 23
Stages of Memory: Copy this down!
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What are the 3 Stages of Memory? What is Sensory Memory? 1 st
Stage of Memory Immediate, initial recording of information through
our senses Mental pictures we take from visual stimuli are called
Icons
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What are the 3 Stages of Memory? What is Short Term Memory?
Also called Working Memory Whenever you are thinking of something,
met a new person, acquire new knowledge you attempt to remember it
is here
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What are the 3 Stages of Memory? What is Long Term Memory 3 rd
/Final Stage Taking certain steps to store it there Repetition is
key!! Maintenance and Elaborative Capacity of Memory Memory as
Reconstructive Schemas
Slide 27
Lesson Closing Revisit Task #1 Answer T/F #3 from pg. 161 Task
#8 Pg.165: Read/Answer Psychology in the World Today HW for
tomorrow (Worksheet) Completion Grade on everything but Ways to
Improve and Forgetting
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Iconic/Eidetic/Echoic Memory Iconic Memory Like Snapshots, just
a fraction of a second Eidetic Memory Ability to remember visual
stimuli over long periods of time Think Photographic Memory Echoic
Memory Mental traces of sounds Held longer, and easier to remember
than visual codes Saying things aloud or to yourself makes them
easier 1
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Primacy/Recency/Chunking/Interf. Primacy Effect Tendency to
recall initial items in a series of items Remembering the 1 st
things Recency Effect Tendency to recall last items in a series
Chunking Organization of items into manageable or familiar unit.
Think of OTTFFSSENT easier to remember as O TT FF SS ENT; here its
5 chunks before 10 letters Interference Occurs when new information
appears in short-term memory and takes place of what was already
there 2
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Capacity/Reconstructive/Schemas Capacity of Memory Can hold the
equivalent of vast numbers of videos/films of our lifetime of
experience; more likely to remember things that make an impact on
us and are paying close attention to Memory as Reconstructive
Memories are not recorded and played back just like Videos but
instead RECONSTRUCTED according to the personal and individual ways
we view the world Schemas Mental representations that we form the
world by organizing bits of information into knowledge are called
schemas 3
Slide 31
Bell Work Turn in Movie Projects right away!! Task #9 Complete
Thinking about Psychology (pg. 166) Go over answers to Task #6
Completion Check of HW from yesterday
Slide 32
Task #10 PQ4R Section 4 Question 1: What is Forgetting and
Memory Improvement Question 2: ? Question 3: ? Question 4: ?
Question 5: ? Question 6: ?
Slide 33
What is forgetting and Memory Imp.? Forgetting can occur at any
of the three stages of memory Sensory Short-term Long-term Sensory
can be forgotten almost immediately Short term could after 10-12
seconds unless you find a way to transfer it to long term (Think
Dan and phone #) Long term memory forgetting often occurs b/c
memory is recalled incorrectly or is mixed up w/ new
information
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3 Basic Tasks: Recognition, Recall, and Relearning Recognition
(Read 1 st paragraph pg. 168) Identifying objects or events that
have been encountered before What are the easiest types of tests?
Forgetting defined as failure to recognize something encountered
Recall To Bring it back in to mind, trying to reconstruct it in
your mind Forgetting much easier, if in short term memory
forgetting gradually decreases w/time but still decreases
Re-Learning Not remembering things once learned, but relearning can
often be rapid Think Math problems/formulas
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Different Kinds of Forgetting Forgetting often attributed to
interference or decay Decay Fading away of memory Similar to a
burning out candle
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Extreme forms of Memory Loss Repression Memories that may be so
painful or unpleasant that they are forgotten to help protect us
from anxiety Amnesia Severe memory loss caused by brain injury,
shock, fatigue, etc. Infantile: Memory loss before age 3
Anterograde: Memory loss from trauma that prevents forming new
memories Retrograde: Memory loss leading up to a traumatic event:
Concussions=exmample
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Improving Memory MEMORY CAN BE IMPROVED Drill and Practice:
Transfer from SM to STM to LTM Relate to knowledge (Elaborative)
Form unusual Associations Read aloud Section Construct Links bt
items Mnemonic Devices Systems for remembering information
Chunking, acronyms, jingles
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Lesson Closing Quietly read through review on pg. 174 Believe
me this will greatly help your comprehension As you do this be
looking at Tasks (2,5,7, and 10) Complete Review (Due Monday in
class) Terms/Concepts 1-10 Critical Review 1-6 TEST TUESDAY!!
REVIEW MONDAY