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Teaching Today:An Introduction to Education
8th editionPart 2: Working with Students
Chapter 5: How Has Diversity Impacted Teaching?
Teaching Today, 8eArmstrong, Henson and Savage
Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
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Diversity
One of the most dramatic changes in education has been an increased diversity of students.
Diversity includes– Ethnic diversity– Language diversity– Ability diversity
Teaching Today, 8eArmstrong, Henson and Savage
Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
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Diversity (continued)
Ethnic and racial diversity has increased significantly in the past 30 years. The largest percentage of increase has been in the Hispanic enrollment as they represent 19% of the public school enrollment.
Teaching Today, 8eArmstrong, Henson and Savage
Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
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Diversity (continued)
Language diversity results from the more than 1 million immigrants that enter the US every year. It is projected that by 2020 the foreign born population of the US will be 1 in 7 people.
Teaching Today, 8eArmstrong, Henson and Savage
Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
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Diversity (continued)
Ability diversity has increased as a result of federal legislation directed at the teaching of special populations. As a result of No Child Left Behind legislation, students with special learning needs are placed in the “least restricted environment,” and that often means the regular classroom
Teaching Today, 8eArmstrong, Henson and Savage
Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
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Focus Questions
What are the advantages and challenges of increased student diversity?
How do you prepare for the diversity you will encounter as a teacher?
Why did the social movement of desegregation impact education?
Teaching Today, 8eArmstrong, Henson and Savage
Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
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Focus Questions
When do you alter instructional methods and materials to meet the need of diverse students?
Which activities help to develop cultural and ethnic pride and which are offensive?
Teaching Today, 8eArmstrong, Henson and Savage
Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
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Multicultural Education
Multicultural Education is education that promotes educational equity for all learners– Culturally appropriate practices must be utilized– A culturally appropriate environment must be
established
Teaching Today, 8eArmstrong, Henson and Savage
Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
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The Need for Accurate Information
Genetic-deficit ViewCertain groups are predisposed to fail
Cultural Deficit ViewLack of stimulation in the home causes one to fail
Communication-process PositionMinority-group language patterns cause poor academic performance
Teaching Today, 8eArmstrong, Henson and Savage
Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
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The Influence of Desegregation
Brown v. Board of Education “de Facto segregation” Milliken v. Bradley (Busing) Magnet Schools Within-school Segregation
Teaching Today, 8eArmstrong, Henson and Savage
Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
11
Gender Issues
Inequities experienced by female students Inequities experienced by males Single gender schools
Teaching Today, 8eArmstrong, Henson and Savage
Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
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Goals and Suggestions for Teachers
Believe that All Students Can Learn Modify Group Practices Accommodate Learning-Style Differences Learn More About Diversity Reflect on Your Own Perspective Rely Less on Standardized Tests Avoid Class Favorites
Teaching Today, 8eArmstrong, Henson and Savage
Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
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Exceptional Learners
Exceptional Learners generally deviate markedly from the norm. This includes gifted and talented students, as well as those with learning disabilities, physical problems, and emotional or behavioral difficulties.
Exceptional Learners are protected by federal legislation.
Teaching Today, 8eArmstrong, Henson and Savage
Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
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Federal Legislation
Federal Legislation requires schools to have – Zero rejects– Nondiscriminatory testing– Appropriate education– Individualized Education Plan– Least Restrictive Environment– Due Process– Parent/guardian participation– Mainstreaming
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Federal Legislation (continued)
Federal Legislation Requires a Variety of Educational Settings– Special classes– Separate public-school facilities– Separate private-school facilities– Publicly supported residential facilities– Private residential facilities– Home bound or hospital settings
Teaching Today, 8eArmstrong, Henson and Savage
Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
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Federal Legislation (continued)
Federal Legislation Requires IEPs- Developed soon after the learner’s condition is verified
- Must include the learner’s regular teacher, one or both parent/guardians, and a non-teacher, usually a
counselor, and the child, when appropriate
- The team must meet at least annually to discuss progress
Teaching Today, 8eArmstrong, Henson and Savage
Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
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Inclusion Issues
Arguments in Support of Inclusion Arguments Opposing Inclusion What Research Says Council for Exceptional Children
Teaching Today, 8eArmstrong, Henson and Savage
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Characteristics of Learners with Specific Disabilities
Speech Impairments Visual Impairments Hearing Impairments ADD / ADHD Orthopedic Impairments Emotional Disturbance Mental Retardation
Teaching Today, 8eArmstrong, Henson and Savage
Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
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Assistive Technology
Assistive Technologies are individual pieces of equipment or complex system of equipment designed to maintain or improve the functional capabilities of learners with disabilities
Assistive Technologies help students organize their work, take notes, prepare written responses to assignments, access reference materials, and change information formats to meet their special learning needs.
Teaching Today, 8eArmstrong, Henson and Savage
Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
21
Overrepresentation of Minorities
African Americans account for 14.5% of the national school population
African Americans account for 20.3% of the learners characterized as having disabilities
In schools with high expectations for all students, there is no overrepresentation of African Americans
Teaching Today, 8eArmstrong, Henson and Savage
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22
Gifted Learners
Gifted Learners have outstanding intellectual ability or creative talent, the development of which requires special activities or services not ordinarily provided by local education agencies.
Teaching Today, 8eArmstrong, Henson and Savage
Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
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Gifted Learners
The Selection Process Pressures Facing Gifted Learners Enrichment Programs Acceleration Programs Developing Learners’ Potential
Teaching Today, 8eArmstrong, Henson and Savage
Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
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Reflections
Who influenced your views? How will they affect your treatment of future students?
How will you help students with varied cultural, ethnic, social, and economic backgrounds develop positive self-concepts while promoting a common commitment to democratic values?
Teaching Today, 8eArmstrong, Henson and Savage
Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
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Reflections (continued)
How should school district leaders deal with pressures to fund certain categories of learners learn; are they also responsible for providing a high-quality education to all school learners?
How will you respond to critics who argue that gifted learners are already “advantaged” and do not need further support?
Teaching Today, 8eArmstrong, Henson and Savage
Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
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