2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
-30%
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%Temporary help services Construction All nonfarm
Year
% c
hang
e in
em
ploy
men
t sin
ce 2
003
1. Percent change in employment, 2003-2014 (Seasonally adjusted: private wage-and-salary workers)
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2003-2014 Current Employment Statistics. Calculations by the authors.
2. Employment in construction and percentage of workers who were temporary workers, 2003-2013
Source: 2003-2013 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Calculations by the authors.
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20130
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0%
5%
10%
15%
10.611.3 11.4 11.3 11.5
11.09.7
8.38.9 9.2 9.2
Employment Temporary (%)
Year
Num
ber o
f wor
kers
(in
mill
ions
)
% o
f wor
kers
3. Percentage of workers who were temporary workers, construction vs. non-construction, 2003-2013
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20130%
5%
10%
15%
10.6%
13.8%
7.4% 7.4%
Construction Non-construction
Year
% o
f wor
kers
Source: 2003-2013 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Calculations by the authors.
4. Percentage of workers who were temporary workers, by major industry, 2011-2013 average
All Industries
Mining
Manufacturing
Wholesale & Retail
Finance
Public Administration
Transportation & Utilities
Information
Leisure & Hospitality
Services
Construction
Agriculture
7.5%
1.4%
3.5%
4.3%
4.3%
4.7%
4.9%
6.3%
8.6%
9.6%
13.3%
16.0%% of workers
Source: 2011-2013 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Calculations by the authors.
5. Work arrangements among construction workers, 2010
Paid by a temporary agency
On-call worker
Works for a contractor who provides workers/services to others under
contract
Independent contractor/consultant/ freelance worker
Regular permanent employee
0.5%
5.3%
7.1%
28.8%
55.9%
% of workers
Source: 2010 Occupational Health Supplement to the National Health Interview Survey. Calculations by the authors.
6. Age distribution in construction, temporary vs. regular employment, 2011-2013 average
Source: 2011-2013 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Calculations by the authors.
35.2%
47.2%
17.7%
Temporary
16-34 years 35-54 years 55+ years
29.6%
48.7%
21.7%
Regular
7. Hispanic workers in construction, temporary vs. regular employment, 2011-2013 average
Temporary Regular All construction0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
42.8%
20.7%23.6%
Employment status
% o
f wor
kers
Source: 2011-2013 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Calculations by the authors.
8. Foreign-born and English ability in construction, temporary vs. regular employment, 2011-2013 average
Temporary Regular All construction0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
40.7%
19.3%22.1%
38.1%
15.3%18.3%
24.3%
6.3%8.6%
Foreign-born
Non-English spoken at home
Not comfortable speaking English
Employment status
% o
f wor
kers
Source: 2011-2013 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Calculations by the authors.
9. Educational attainment in construction, temporary vs. regular employment, 2011-2013 average
Less than high school
High school Some college Associate's degree
Bachelor's degree and
above
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
47.8%
27.9%
15.3%
8.1%
0.9%
20.7%
31.2%
21.5%
11.9%14.6%
Temporary
Regular
Educational attainment
% o
f wor
kers
Source: 2011-2013 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Calculations by the authors.
10. Occupational distribution in construction, temporary vs. regular employment, 2011-2013 average
84.2%
14.8%
1.0%
Temporary
Production Management/ Professional Service/ Sales
69.4%
29.2%
1.3%
Regular
Source: 2011-2013 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Calculations by the authors.
11. Percentage of full-time workers in construction, temporary vs. regular employment, 2011-2013 average
Temporary Regular All construction30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
72.2%
84.9% 83.3%
Employment status
% o
f wor
kers
Source: 2011-2013 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Calculations by the authors.
12. Establishment size in construction, temporary vs. regular employment, 2011-2013 average
50+ employees
11-49 employees
1-10 employees
17.7%
22.6%
59.6%
12.2%
13.2%
74.7%
Temporary
Regular
% of workers
Note: Records without establishment size information were excluded.Source: 2011-2013 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Calculations by the authors.
13. Hourly wage rate in construction, temporary vs. regular employment, 2013
Temporary Regular All construction$0
$5
$10
$15
$20
$25
$15.50
$20.50 $19.80
Employment status
Hou
rly w
age
($)
Source: 2013 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Calculations by the authors.
14. Average annual income in construction, temporary vs. regular employment, 2012
Family income
Total income
Wage-and-salary income
$74,638
$47,979
$42,895
$78,395
$50,028
$44,744
$49,446
$34,235
$30,495 Temporary
Regular
All construction
Average income ($)
Source: 2012 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Calculations by the authors.
15. Family income as a percentage of the poverty line in construction, temporary vs. regular employment, 2012
Poor/Negative (<100%)
Nearly poor (100% - <125%)
Low income (125% - <200%)
Middle income (200% - <400%)
High income (>=400%)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
15.7%
6.1%
22.6%
27.0%28.6%
6.1%3.5%
12.3%
34.0%
44.1%Temporary
Regular
Family income (% of poverty line)
% o
f wor
kers
Source: 2012 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Calculations by the authors.
16. Type of health insurance coverage in construction, temporary
vs. regular employment, 2011-2013 average
Source: 2011-2013 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Calculations by the authors.
37.6%
12.0%
50.4%
Temporary
Private Public Uninsured
62.8%6.9%
30.3%
Regular
17. Fringe benefits in construction, temporary vs. regular employment, 2011-2013 average
Temporary Regular All construction0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
13.1%
55.2% 52.1%
7.3%
40.9%36.1%
18.8%
41.0%37.8%
Paid vacation Paid sick leave Pension plan
Employment status
% o
f wor
kers
Source: 2011-2013 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Calculations by the authors.
18. Job exposures in construction, temporary vs. regular workers, 2010
Skin contact with chemical substances
Exposed to vapors/gas/dust/fumes twice a week or
more
Works outdoors twice a week or more
30.1%
49.4%
70.3%
37.6%
57.2%
84.4%
Temporary
Regular
% of workers
Source: 2010 Occupational Health Supplement to the National Health Interview Survey. Calculations by the authors.
19. Feels worried about becoming unemployed, temporary vs. regular workers in construction, 2010
Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
32.3%
26.9% 26.3%
14.5%10.9%
20.5%
38.7%
29.9%
Temporary Regular
% o
f wor
kers
Source: 2010 Occupational Health Supplement to the National Health Interview Survey. Calculations by the authors.
Top Related