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IOM-Office in Greece“The Global status on migration”
International Organization for Migration (IOM)
International International Organization Organization
for for Migration (IOM)Migration (IOM)
IOM MISSIONIOM MISSION……
IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society
As the leading international organization for migration, IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrant s and society and acts with its partners in the international community to:
•Assist in meeting the growing operational challenges of migration management•Advance understanding of migration issues•Encourage social and economic development through migration•Uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants
IOM MISSIONIOM MISSION……
•International Organization with 146 member states and 17 observer states
•Offices in over 100 Countries and 440 field locations
Migration & Development
Regulating Migration
Migration Health Facilitating Migration
Claims Programs
Resettlement, Movement, Emergency & Post- Crisis
Policy, Research & Forum Activities
Service AreasService Areas
IOM EvolutionIOM Evolution
High unemployment in Western Europe
1. Post World War II (1951 – 1964)
2. Regional & Intra-State Conflicts (1965 – 1989)
Refugee resettlement programmes (Africa, Southeast Asia, Central America)
3. Globalization Phase (1990 – Present)
Resettlement; emergencies, migration and development, labour migration, counter trafficking, return and reintegration, Disarmament Demobilisation and Reintegration(DDR) , migration health, etc.
Mass migration of Europeans displaced by WWII.
Global Global Migration TrendsMigration Trends
Global Migration TrendsGlobal Migration Trends“Era of greatest human mobility”
405 million international migrants in 2050* (at current rate)
ca. 50% of migrants women
+50% of world’s pop. in urban areas (1st time in history)
- 740 million internal migrants (UNDP)
- 215 million international migrants (World Bank; UNDESA)
• 1 Billion Migrants Worldwide
• Feminization:
• Urbanization
• Forecast
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION
ROUTES
1-AFRICA ROUTE
2-AFRICA ROUTE
3-RUSSIA-POLAND
4-TURKEY
5- CAUCASUS-UKRAINE
6-SYRIA-LEBANON
7-GREECE-ITALY
8-AUSTRALIA
9-SUEZ CHANNEL
10-W.AFRICA ROUTE
11-CENTRAL ASIA-MOROCCO-LIBYA-
ITALY 12-CENTRAL ASIA-MOROCCO-SPAIN
International migrants are concentrated in relatively few
destination countriesCountries with the largest number of
international migrants, 2010 (millions)
5.3
5.4
6.4
6.5
6.7
7.2
7.3
10.8
12.3
42.8
Ukraine
India
Spain
United Kingdom
France
Canada
Saudi Arabia
Germany
Russian Federation
United States of America
Countries with the highest percentage of international migrants, 2010
* Occupied Palestinean Territory
28%
28%
39%
40%
41%
44%
46%
69%
70%
87%
Saudi Arabia
Oman
China, Hong Kong SAR
Israel
Singapore
OPT*
Jordan
Kuwait
United Arab Emirates
Qatar
Europe and Northern America are main net Europe and Northern America are main net receivers, while Asia and Latin America and the receivers, while Asia and Latin America and the
Caribbean are main net sendersCaribbean are main net sendersNet international migration
1990 - 2010
-10.0-8.0
-6.0-4.0
-2.00.02.0
4.06.0
8.010.0
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
Mil
lio
ns
Africa
Asia
Europe
Latin America andthe Caribbean
Northern America
Oceania
Migration from less developed Migration from less developed regions regions is on the rise in developed is on the rise in developed countriescountries
Inflow of foreign migrants from less developed regions
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Australia USA Canada Germany Spain UnitedKingdom
1980s 1990s 2000s
The impact of international migration on the The impact of international migration on the working age population is significant in more working age population is significant in more developed regionsdeveloped regions
Change in projected working-age population, 2010-2050: Medium (M) and Zero-migration variant (Z) compared
120% 124%
19% 22%
-13%-25%
LDCs (M) LDCs (Z) Lessdeveloped,excl. LDCs
(M)
Lessdeveloped,excl. LDCs
(Z)
Moredeveloped
(M)
Moredeveloped (Z)
Characteristics of MigrantsCharacteristics of Migrants
Majority – young, able bodied men, most not victims of Majority – young, able bodied men, most not victims of traffickingtrafficking
Numbers of women small but growing, with strong Numbers of women small but growing, with strong suspicion of traffickingsuspicion of trafficking
Movement: both solo and organizedMovement: both solo and organized
Facilitated by stretches of desertFacilitated by stretches of desert
Absence of state institutionsAbsence of state institutions
Hugh potential to suffer violenceHugh potential to suffer violence
Who benefits from irregular migration?Who benefits from irregular migration?
Migrants (?)Migrants (?)
Employers – exploit IMs, benefit from flexibility and lack of Employers – exploit IMs, benefit from flexibility and lack of protectionprotectiontypes of employers: types of employers:
-individuals/families who cannot afford legal -individuals/families who cannot afford legal contractscontracts
-small companies that exist on margins of economy-small companies that exist on margins of economy
-organized crime that controls recruitment, abuse of -organized crime that controls recruitment, abuse of legal channels, legal channels, job-matching in loco, etc.job-matching in loco, etc.
Consumers (cheap products)Consumers (cheap products)
Who looses out with irregular Who looses out with irregular migration?migration?
Migrants – no protection, risk of exploitaion, no social Migrants – no protection, risk of exploitaion, no social security, health services, pension rightssecurity, health services, pension rights
Employers who follow the law and loose competitivenessEmployers who follow the law and loose competitiveness
Law enforcement – criminal networks do not focus on IM Law enforcement – criminal networks do not focus on IM alonealone
BUTBUT
Majority of irregular migrants arrives by plane, train, bus
– with papers, visa (fake or valid) that expire - or migrants make unauthorized change of status (i.e. from
student to worker)
Important pull factor: even during economic crisis,
labour markets offer opportunities
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Thank You
International Organization for Migration (IOM)
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