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A rice farmer with pulmonary TB is examined duringa home visit by the NGO.
James Nachtwey/VII
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A patient with advanced pulmonary TB receives adaily injection as well as oxygen. James Nachtwey/VII
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A boy experiencing severe pain from TB meningitis is
comforted by his mother. Family members providemuch of the personal care at hospitals in the
developing world. James Nachtwey/VII
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A prisoner who was convicted of murder was moved
from prison to the TB ward when he was diagnosedwith TB. He is co-infected with AIDS. James Nachtwey/VII
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A woman with TB meningitis is cared for by herhusband.
James Nachtwey/VII
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Tuberculosis is bothPREVENTABLE and CURABLE
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What is
Tuberculosis?
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Outline
Facts about TBTransmission
Signs and Symptoms
Drug Resistant TB
Prevention and Control
Burden of TB
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Facts About TB
Caused by a rod-shaped bacteria =Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Commonly affects the lungs(pulmonary TB)
Can also cause extra-pulmonary
disease
Contagious disease
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Transmission
Transmitted from person to personvia:
- coughing
- sneezing
- talking
- spitting
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TB is NOT spread by:- shaking someones hand
- sharing food or drink
- touching bed linens or toilet seats
- sharing toothbrushes
- kissing
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Natural Course of TB
TB infection
No disease /
Latent
Disease
Diseas
e
Immunesystembecomesweak
Immune systemintact
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SOURCE:1 WHO Global Tuberculosis Control Report 2009
2 WHO 10 Facts About Tuberculosis (http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/tuberculosis/en/)
1/3 of the worlds population oraround 2 billion people areinfected1
1 in every 10 of those peoplewill become sick with active TB2
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Signs and Symptoms
Pulmonary TB is suspected if aperson has:
- cough for 2 weeks or more
With or without:- fever
- chest and back pain- poor appetite- weakness- weight loss
- night sweats
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TB isCURABLE!
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Drug Resistant TB
Resistant TB develops due toimproper use of anti-TB drugs
- improper treatment regimens
e.g. wrong dosage, wrongtime,
- patient does not complete
whole courseof treatment
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Drug Resistant TB
Multi drug-resistant TB (MDR-TB)is a form of TB that does notrespond to the standard
treatment using first-line drugs,specifically rifampicin andisoniazid.
Extensively drug-resistant TB(XDR-TB) occurs when resistanceto second-line drugs develops.
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Prevention and Control
ALWAYS cover your mouthwhen you cough and sneeze;
Do NOT spit anywhere;
WASH hands properly and;
Protect your family andfriends from TB take thecorrect kind and quantity of
drugs and complete the
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The Burden ofTB
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TB Burden
Global Situation
National Situation
Local Situation
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Tuberculosis in the World,2007
People infected 1/3 of global pop 2billionNew TB cases 9.27 million
(139/100,000 pop)New ss+ TB cases 4.1 million
(61/100,000 pop)Cases of MDR-TB 0.5 millionDeaths from TB (non-HIV) 1.3 million
(20/100,000 pop)Deaths from TB (HIV positive)
456,000
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4/14/12 SOURCE: WHO Global Tuberculosis Control Report 2009
h f h
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The Extent of theProblem
1/3 of the global population isinfected with Mycobacteriumtuberculosis
8 million suffer from TB annually
95 % of the cases in developingcountries
2 million die of TB every year
14.8% of TB cases are co-infectedwith HIVSOURCE: WHO Global Tuberculosis Control Report
2009
TB B d i h
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TB Burden in thePhilippines, 2007
9th among the 22 High burden countries1
2nd in the Western Pacific Region (New ss+cases)2
6th leading cause of Morbidity andMortality 3
115,000 per year (New ss+ cases)1
98 Filipinos die daily 1SOURCE:1 WHO Global TB Control Report 2009
2 Tuberculosis Control in the Western Pacific Region 2009 Report3 FHSIS 2007
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TB Burden in thePhilippines, 2007
6 billion of annual income lost due toTB morbidity
27 billion pesos lost (foregonewages) annually
8 billion pesos in actual wages lost
Source: The Burden of Disease, Economic Costs and Clinical
Consequences ofTuberculosis in the Philippines, 2005, Peabody, John et al.
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Magnitude of TB: A Comparison of the
(3) National TB Prevalence Surveys
Measurement 19831st NTPS
1997
2nd NTPS
2007
3rd NTPS
Prevalence of Smear(+)/1000
6.6 3.1 2.0
Prevalence of Culture(+)/1000
8.6 8.1 4.7
MDR-TB among Newcases (-) 1.5 2.1
MDR-TB among
Re-treatment cases(-) 14.5 13.0
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2007 NTPS Conclusions
The burden of TB disease in thecountry has declined over the past10 years since the launching of the
DOTS program.
Significant decline in TB disease:
- 35.5% decline in ss+ Pulmonary TB- 42.0% decline in sputum culture +
PTB
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2007 NTPS Conclusions
The rate of MDR-TB showed nosignificant difference from 1997indicating no increase in generation,but ongoing transmission
NTP interventions in the past decadehas lead to better control, prevention,
case management and better survivalof TB patients
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New SS (+)s by Gender andAge Groups, 2004-2008
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THANK YOU!
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