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What’s an Enzyme?
1. Enzymes are __________.
2. Enzymes are ___________.• Catalysts _________ chemical reactions• End in –____ (Ex: sucrase, catalase)
Without an enzyme!
With an enzyme!
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WARNING• Superman had Kryptonite
• Enzymes have1. ______________(pH)2. ______ Temperatures3. Extreme _____Temps
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Chemical Reactions
___________ → (yield) _________
Ex: Fe + O2 → rust
Energy-______________Reaction Energy-_____________ Reaction
Products
Products
Activation energy
Activation energy
Reactants
Reactants
There are 2 kinds of chemical reactions
_______________________
________________________
All chemical reactions require a certain amount of energy to get started.
- This is called the… _______________________
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Why do we need Enzymes?• Speed up rate of chemical reaction by __________
the ____________ energy (energy needed to start chemical reaction)
_________ enzyme
____________
_______ enzyme
_________ energywithout enzyme
__________Energy with enzyme
_____________
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How do ENZYMES work?1. The enzyme attaches to ___________2. The reactants that bind to the enzyme are
known as the ___________. 3. The part of the enzyme where the
substrate attaches to the enzyme is called the _________________.
4. The shape of the active site only ____ the shape of the substrate, like a _____ fits a ____. Only the correct substrate binds to the enzyme.
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Reactants/
Substrates
Enzyme
Lock-and-Key Mechanism- Enzymes can only bind to certain _________
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How do you speed up enzymes?
1. Add ______ of the enzyme.
2. ________ up the enzyme! Don’t warm it too much or it may not work anymore
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Once the enzyme and substrate are together, the enzyme holds the substrate so the _______ can occur. Once the reaction is over, the enzyme _________ the product and the enzyme can start a _______ reaction with an identical substrate.
Enzymes are ___ permanently changed or used up in reactions
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A change in the ____ of the enzyme can cause a change in the _________ of the active site, therefore changing the activity of the enzyme.
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What Affects Enzyme What Affects Enzyme Activity?Activity?
• Three factors:Three factors:
1.1. ______________Conditions______________Conditions
2.2. __________and ___________________and _________
3.3. Enzyme ____________Enzyme ____________
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1. Environmental 1. Environmental ConditionsConditions
1. Extreme1. Extreme ___________ ___________are the most are the most dangerousdangerous
- - high tempshigh temps may _________(unfold) _________(unfold) the enzyme.enzyme.
...Let's see...
2.2. pHpH (most like _____pH near _____) (most like _____pH near _____)
3.3. _______ concentration_______ concentration (salt ions) (salt ions)
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2. Cofactors and 2. Cofactors and CoenzymesCoenzymes
Inorganic substances Inorganic substances (_______, ______)(_______, ______) and _________ _________ (respectively) are sometimes needed for proper enzymatic ___________enzymatic ___________.– Example:Example:
IronIron must be present in the ____________________(a protein in red blood cells)(a protein in red blood cells) in order for it to pick up ___________.pick up ___________.
___________enzyme helpers
(inorganic)
__________cofactors
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Two examples of Enzyme Two examples of Enzyme InhibitorsInhibitors
a. a. ___________ _____________________ __________:: are chemicals that resembleresemble an enzymeenzyme’’s normal _______s normal _______and competecompete with it for the _______site_______site.
Enzyme
Competitive inhibitor
Substrate
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InhibitorsInhibitorsb.b. ____________inhibitors____________inhibitors::
Inhibitors that do not enter thedo not enter the _____ site_____ site, but bind tobind to _______ part_______ part of the enzymeenzyme causing the enzymeenzyme to ______ its _____________ its _______, which in turn
alters the active sitealters the active site.
Enzymeactive site altered
NoncompetitiveInhibitor
Substrate
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