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Use of FLOW-3D to Model Catastrophic Dam Breaches
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#oda$%s &"e!da
Brief historical co!te't( )hat happe!ed*
+o) does FLOW-3Dha!dle dam ,reach simlatio!s*
.hallo) Water model .t e!a!t eatio!s
Fll D 3aier .toes soltio! +$,rid .W / D model
6e!eral Moi!" O,7ect Model
.imple models( FLOW-3Ds.hallo) Water Model s FLOW-3Dsfll 3aier .toes D soltio!8
9eal life: .t Fra!cis Dam Brea Model
Co!clsio!s
05/15/2014 2FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches
Any questions do not [email protected]
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Brief historical co!te't( )hat happe!ed*
05/15/2014 FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches
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Use of FLOW-3D to Model Catastrophic Dam Breaches#he .t Fra!cis Dam Brea ;e!t
05/15/2014 4FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches
Dam collapse !ear mid!i"ht of March 12th100 people
#he ?ood )ae i!itiall$ traelled do)!the .a! Fra!cisito Ca!$o!
#he! traelled do)! the .a!ta Clara9ier ,ed all the )a$ to the @aciAcOcea!8
!itial ?ood )ae o! the 100 ft scale
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Use of FLOW-3D to Model Catastrophic Dam Breaches#he .t Fra!cis Dam Brea ;e!t
05/15/2014 5FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches
#imeli!e of )aeimpact(
1. Dam ailure March 12th12 @ 11."#$m
2. 12%&2 'owerhouse (23. 12.)& *au+us
*ubstation). 1%1 ,dison -am$
". 2%2" illmore /rid+e0. 3.&" *anta 'aula/rid+e
#. ).&" *aticoy /rid+e. "%2" 'acic cean Reconstructed Map of Flooded Area
(Charles Lee circa 1928)
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Use of FLOW-3D to Model Catastrophic Dam Breaches#he .t Fra!cis Dam Brea ;e!t
05/15/2014 >FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches
&ctal mecha!ics of thefailre !ot the focs oftoda$%s prese!tatio!8
Focs toda$ o! the h$dralicaspects of the ?ood )ae8
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Use of FLOW-3D to Model Catastrophic Dam Breaches#he .t Fra!cis Dam Brea ;e!t
05/15/2014 FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches
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+o) does FLOW-3Dha!dle dam ,reachsimlatio!s*
05/15/2014 =FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches
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At the -ore%
A ransient ull 3D ree *urace Modeler
FLOW-3D 4s Volume of Fluid method yields a ast5
accurate and robust code that ca$tures ully three6dimensional com$le7 ree suraces.
Flow Science invented the olu!e of Fluid !ethod
over "# $ears a%o and still develops its !ostsophisticated version called TruVOF.
05/15/2014FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches <
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ree surace e7am$le% a duct outfow jet
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ree surace e7am$le% dam brea8
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/eyond the -ore%Ad9anced :ater ,n+ineerin+ ; ,n9ironmental Models
05/15/2014FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches 12
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/eyond the -ore%Ad9anced :ater ,n+ineerin+ ; ,n9ironmental Models
05/15/2014FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches 1
.hallo) Water ;atio!s&St enant 'uations
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/eyond the -ore%Ad9anced :ater ,n+ineerin+ ; ,n9ironmental Models
05/15/2014FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches 14
Moi!" a!d .impleDeformi!" O,7ects
6e!eral Moi!" O,7ectsE6MO Model
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/eyond the -ore%Ad9anced :ater ,n+ineerin+ ; ,n9ironmental Models
05/15/2014FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches 15
=ree Meshin+> modelin+a$$roach
FAVORo,7ectreprese!tatio!% solids andto$o+ra$hy ?foat4 in s$ace5no tedious boundary ttedmeshin+5 no ?$oor mesh4$ressure con9er+enceissues.
.eamless !esti!" ofmesh ,locs
&tomatic Co!formalMeshi!"
.eamless !esti!" of
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Dam Brea Modeli!" #ools i! FLOW-3D
.hallo) Water ;atio!s( FLOW-3Dsimpleme!tatio! is ro,stfast a!d accrate ee! i! the prese!ce of stro!" h$dralic
7mps8
Fll D 3aier .toes )ith ada!ced tr,le!ce models
+$,rid approach( D !ear the dam copled )ith shallo) )atersoltio! o! the re"io!al scales8 #he copli!" of the soltio!s is
seamless8
Copli!" of D soltio!s to 6e!eral Moi!" O,7ect model
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.imple Cases
FLOW-3Ds.hallo) Water Model
s
FLOW-3Dsfll 3aier .toes D soltio!8
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*im$le est Models%Dam brea8 usin+ FLOW-3D4s a9ier *to8es 3D
solution
05/15/2014FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches 1=
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*im$le est Models%Dam brea8 usin+ FLOW-3D4s *hallow :ater solution
05/15/2014FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches 1<
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*im$le est Models%Dam brea8 usin+ FLOW-3D4s a9ier *to8es 3D
solution
05/15/2014FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches 20
;'celle!t La,orator$alidatio! ,$ OGme!-Ca"ata$ H Iocama!:
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*im$le est Models%* -hannel usin+ FLOW-3D4s a9ier *to8es 3D
solution
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*im$le est Models%* -hannel usin+ FLOW-3D4s a9ier *to8es 3D
solution
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/e+in o refected sub6critical wa9e /ac8 $ro$a+ation o refected sub6critical wa9e
Ma7imum loodin+ occurs u$on refection o subcritical wa9e.Does not occur durin+ initial ront $ro$a+ation.
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*im$le est Models%* -hannel usin+ FLOW-3D4s *hallow :ater solution
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*im$le est Models%FLOW-3D4s *hallow :ater Model
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FLOW-3Ds core 3D model is well 8nown to ca$ture hydraulicjum$s 9ery accurately
Decades o laboratory5 built and numerical en9ironment9alidations.
rom these sim$le e7am$les5 it would seem FLOW-3Ds.hallo) Water Model does er$ )ell o! traci!"h$dralic 7mps:
#here are reaso!s for this(
FLOW-3Ds core models OF F&O9 are ideall$ sited tothe impleme!tatio! of er$ accrate .hallo) Waterschemes8
+irt H 9ichardso! 1
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FLOW-3D4s *hallow :ater Model
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Generally FLOW-3Ds Shallow Waer !odel "erforms e#remelywell in s"eed$ a%%ura%y and ro&usness$ e'en for 'ery %om"le#
(ows and )eomeries.
*owe'er hey are di+eren e,uaions les no )e oo %omfora&le wihhe idea ha a shallow waer model %an %a"ure he full momenum
&alan%es ha are found in he a'ier So/es soluions.
& "& 1&& 1"& 2&& 2"& 3&&
&
2
)
0
!
1&
12
D 4s .hallo) Water Flood Wa4e +ei"ht at 500m,efore o,stacle
3D solution *hallow :ater
& "& 1&& 1"& 2&& 2"& 3&&
&
2
)
0
!
1&
12
D s .hallo) Water Flood Wae +ei"ht at C50mafter o,stacle2
3D solution *hallow :ater
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FLOW-3D4s *hallow :ater Model
05/15/2014FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches 2>
Generally FLOW-3Ds Shallow Waer !odel "erformse#remely well in s"eed$ a%%ura%y and ro&usness$ e'en for
'ery %om"le# (ows and )eomeries.
*owe'er hey are di+eren e,uaions les no )e oo%omfora&le wih he idea ha a shallow waer model %an %a"ure
he full momenum &alan%es ha are found in he a'ier So/essoluions.
& "& 1&& 1"& 2&& 2"& 3&&
&
2
)
0
!
1&
12
D 4s .hallo) Water Flood Wa4e +ei"ht at 500m,efore o,stacle
3D solution *hallow :ater
& "& 1&& 1"& 2&& 2"& 3&&
&
2
)
0
!
1&
12
D s .hallo) Water Flood Wae +ei"ht at C50mafter o,stacle2
3D solution *hallow :ater
9e?ected Waes Upstream of O,stacles
:a9e hei+ht dierence o order 1&B
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#oda$%s &"e!da
9eal life: .t Fra!cis Dam Brea Model
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.t Fra!cis Dam0%aasro"hi% failure !ar%h 12h1245
05/15/2014 2=FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches
Domai! is K =0m ' 50m
#opo"raph$ resoled o! cells 15m'15
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.t Fra!cis Dam0%aasro"hi% failure !ar%h 12h1245
05/15/2014 2
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.t Fra!cis Dam0%aasro"hi% failure !ar%h 12h1245
05/15/2014 0FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches
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.t Fra!cis Dam0%aasro"hi% failure !ar%h 12h1245
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.t Fra!cis Dam0%aasro"hi% failure !ar%h 12h1245
05/15/2014 2FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches
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.t Fra!cis Dam0%aasro"hi% failure !ar%h 12h1245
05/15/2014 FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches
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.t Fra!cis Dam0%aasro"hi% failure !ar%h 12h1245
05/15/2014 4FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches
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.t Fra!cis Dam J .hallo) Water0%aasro"hi% failure !ar%h 12h1245
.hallo) Water Model i! FLOW-3D
#he e'te!t to )hich the topo"raph$ is a,le to slo) do)!% the)ater colm! a,oe is "oer!ed ,$ a dra) %oe6%ien
<er!atie formlatio! is to deA!e a 7surfa%e rou)hnesscoecie!t8
;ither )a$ these eatio!s parameteriGe the eNect of the"ro!d%s srface o! the ?o)%s pro"ressio!
! this case it tr!s ot defalt ro"h!ess ales )orede'tremel$ )ell
& special treatme!t of the co!seratio! of mome!tm rather tha!e!er"$ across h$dralic 7mps allo)s for accrate 7mp modeli!"
+irt H 9ichardso! 1
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.t Fra!cis Dam J .hallo) Water0%aasro"hi% failure !ar%h 12h1245
Mltiple e'perime!ts for the .hallo) )ater case
9a!"e of dra" coecie!ts 08002> to 080040
9a!"e of srface ro"h!ess 08005 to 081
Looed at arrial times at diNere!t statio!s do)!stream
Looed at "rid co!er"e!ce eNect of "rid reA!eme!t
120m ' 120m >0m ' >0m 0m ' 0m 15m ' 15m
Looed at )ae hei"ht e'te!t of ?ood Go!e:
Fll prese!tatio! at the &ssociatio! of .tate Dam .afet$ Ocials 2014co!fere!ce .eptem,er 21-25 20148
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.t Fra!cis Dam J .hallo) Water0%aasro"hi% failure !ar%h 12h1245
05/15/2014 FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches
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.t Fra!cis Dam J .hallo) Water0%aasro"hi% failure !ar%h 12h1245
05/15/2014 =FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches9erlay o FLOW-3D*hallow :ater *olution o9er -harles ee Ma$ Ecirca 125 caution!F
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.t Fra!cis Dam J .hallo) Water0%aasro"hi% failure !ar%h 12h1245
05/15/2014
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.t Fra!cis Dam J .hallo) Water0%aasro"hi% failure !ar%h 12h1245
05/15/2014 40FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches
& "5&&& 1&5&&& 1"5&&& 2&5&&& 2"5&&&
1.&
1."
2.&
2."
3.&
3."
).&
)."
".&
+$dro"raph at .tatio! ; for .hallo) Water Model -si!" A'ed Cd O 08002>6rid / Mesh .iGe Co!4er"e!ce .t-d$
1"m cells 3&m cells 0&m cells 12&m cells bser9ed ,
#ime after Dam fail-re seco!ds
Water depth meters
A%ual o&ser'ed wa'e arri'al iA Sana 8aula 9rid)e
0a&ou : of he way o he %oas5
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.t Fra!cis Dam J .hallo) Water0%aasro"hi% failure !ar%h 12h1245
05/15/2014 41FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches
& "5&&& 1&5&&& 1"5&&& 2&5&&& 2"5&&&
&.&
".&
1&.&
1".&
2&.&
2".&
3&.&3".&
)&.&
)".&
&rrial times si!" .hallo) Water ;atio!sFi'ed Cd 08002> "rid 15m ' 15m
Dam *tation A *tation / *tation - *tation D
*tation , *tation *tation H bser9ed A bser9ed /
bser9ed - bser9ed D bser9ed , bser9ed bser9ed H
#ime seco!ds
Water depth meters
relia,leE data poi!trelia,leE data poi!t
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.t Fra!cis Dam J .hallo) Water0%aasro"hi% failure !ar%h 12h1245
05/15/2014 42FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches
& "&& 15&&& 15"&& 25&&& 25"&& 35&&& 35"&&
&
1&&5&&&
2&&5&&&
3&&5&&&
)&&5&&&
"&&5&&&
0&&5&&&
#&&5&&&
&&5&&&
olme Flo) 9ate at Dam a!d @o)erstatio! 2c-f / s
9olume fow rate at dam 9olume fow rate at $owerstation 2
ote historical estimate was I)&&5&&& cu6tJs $ea8 dischar+e at$ower station 2
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.t Fra!cis Dam J Fll D0%aasro"hi% failure !ar%h 12h1245
05/15/2014 4FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches
ULL D MOD;L36 OF #+; D&M F&LU9
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.t Fra!cis Dam J Fll D0%aasro"hi% failure !ar%h 12h1245
05/15/2014 44FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches
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.t Fra!cis Dam J Fll D0%aasro"hi% failure !ar%h 12h1245
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.t Fra!cis Dam J Fll D0%aasro"hi% failure !ar%h 12h1245
05/15/2014 4>FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches
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.t Fra!cis Dam J Fll D0%aasro"hi% failure !ar%h 12h1245
05/15/2014 4FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches
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.t Fra!cis Dam J Fll D s .hallo) Water0%aasro"hi% failure !ar%h 12h1245
05/15/2014 4
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.t Fra!cis Dam J Fll D s .hallo) Water0%aasro"hi% failure !ar%h 12h1245
05/15/2014 50FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches
*hallow :ater K 3&m mesh K t L 12&&s ybrid 3D solution t L 12&&s
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.t Fra!cis Dam J Fll D s .hallo) Water0%aasro"hi% failure !ar%h 12h1245
05/15/2014 51FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches
*hallow :ater K 3&m mesh K t L 0&&s 3D solution K t L 0&&s
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.t Fra!cis Dam J Fll D s .hallo) Water0%aasro"hi% failure !ar%h 12h1245
05/15/2014 52FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches
*hallow :ater K 3&m mesh K t L 0&&s 3D solution K t L 0&&s
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.t Fra!cis Dam J )ith 6e!eral Moi!" O,7ect0%aasro"hi% failure !ar%h 12h1245
05/15/2014 5FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches
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.t Fra!cis Dam J )ith 6e!eral Moi!" O,7ect0%aasro"hi% failure !ar%h 12h1245
05/15/2014 54FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches
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.t Fra!cis Dam0%aasro"hi% failure !ar%h 12h1245
05/15/2014 55FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches
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.t Fra!cis Dam J )ith 6e!eral Moi!" O,7ect0%aasro"hi% failure !ar%h 12h1245
05/15/2014 5>FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches
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.t Fra!cis Dam J )ith 6e!eral Moi!" O,7ect0%aasro"hi% failure !ar%h 12h1245
05/15/2014 5FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches
&t this poi!t still a little a!ecdotal:
#he possi,ilities are i!tri"i!"8
Deseres more e'perime!tatio!:
Com,i!i!" )ith the scor model particlarl$ promisi!"P
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/eyond the -ore%Ad9anced :ater ,n+ineerin+ ; ,n9ironmental Models
05/15/2014FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches 5=
.edime!t .cor a!d
Depositio! Modelcompletel$ pdated i!
FLOW-D 11!cldes mlti-species drift-
?' depositio!e!trai!eme!t a!d scor
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&dditio! of .edime!t a!d .cor Model
05/15/2014 5
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.t Fra!cis Dam J +$,rid Model0%aasro"hi% failure !ar%h 12h1245
05/15/2014 >0FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches
B9D D MOD;L36 OF #+; D&M F&LU
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.t Fra!cis DamJ +$,rid Model0%aasro"hi% failure !ar%h 12h1245
05/15/2014 >1FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches
he domain is s$lit between a hi+h resolution 3D solution nearthe Dam Ereachin+ a$$ro7imately "8m downstream o the
breachF
he remainder o the domain is resol9ed usin+ FLOW-3D4s*hallow :ater model
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.t Fra!cis DamJ +$,rid Model0%aasro"hi% failure !ar%h 12h1245
05/15/2014 >2FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches
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.t Fra!cis Dam J +$,rid Model0%aasro"hi% failure !ar%h 12h1245
05/15/2014 >FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches
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.t Fra!cis DamJ +$,rid Model0%aasro"hi% failure !ar%h 12h1245
05/15/2014 >4FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches
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.t Fra!cis Dam0%aasro"hi% failure !ar%h 12h1245
05/15/2014 >5FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches
& "5&&& 1&5&&& 1"5&&& 2&5&&& 2"5&&&
1.&
1."
2.&
2."
3.&
3."
).&
)."
".&
+$dro"raph at .tatio! ; for .hallo) Water Model -si!" A'ed Cd O 0802>6rid / Mesh .iGe Co!4er"e!ce .t-d$
With &dditio!al Data( +$,rid >0m Model D >m / .hallo) Water
1"m cells 3&m cells 0&m cells 12&m cells bser9ed , Mybrid
#ime after Dam fail-re seco!ds
Water depth meters
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.t Fra!cis Dam0%aasro"hi% failure !ar%h 12h1245
05/15/2014 >>FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches
150&& 15&& 25&&& 252&& 25)&& 250&& 25&& 35&&& 352&& 35)&& 350&&
&
1
1
2
2
3
3
+$dro"raph at .tatio! B.hallo) Water 0m / D +$,rid 5m ' 40m
*: 3& " )&
& "&& 15&&& 15"&& 25&&& 25"&& 35&&& 35"&& )5&&&
&
"
1&
1"
2&
2"
3&
+$dro"raph at .tatio! &
.hallo) Water 0m / D +$,rid 5m ' 40m
" )& *: 3&
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Co!clsio!s
Oerie) of diNere!t modeli!" optio!s i! FLOW-3Dto tacle dam ,reaee!ts8
! ma!$ cases FLOW-3Dsshallo) )ater model )ill do a! e'celle!t 7o,8
FLOW-3Dsshallo) )ater model does er$ )ell o! captri!" h$dralic 7mpsa!d )ae re?ectio!s8
FLOW-3Ddispla$s a stro!" co!siste!c$ across models( D .hallo) Water+$,rid J the$ i!terface seamlessl$ are fast a!d accrate the reslts areco!siste!t:
Catio!: For the detail of spill)a$s )eirs e!er"$ dissipaters pe!stocs etcPthere are !o "ood shortcts hi"hl$ resoled D models are a mst:
05/15/2014 >FLOW-D - Modeli!" Dam Breaches
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#ha! $o:
.ee $o i! .a! Die"o for &.D.O 2014:
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