7/31/2019 04 Method on AFLA
1/8
=$6?$596
Kmpmbdylmg{ ^ncmgnm C1
[DDB^,LM[JDK,FYYUDFNJM^CG FOUD@DUM^[US BFGK^NFYM
FGFBS^C^
Yud`' Ku' JFKC ^]^CBD FUC@CG
Oufk}f{m njddb d` Cg{mugf{cdgfb Kmpmbdylmg{ fgk Nddymuf{cdg
Jcud~jclf ]gcpmu~c{s Afyfg ^yucgo 5965
Lf{mucfb d}unm1 F@BF Ldk}b *Fuc`cgJ^" _}bfgkfucN" Yufl}hfg{dfgk Hf~wfg{d UB" 599:#8Fuc`cgJ^" _}bfgkfuc N" Yufl}hfg{d fgk Hf~wfg{d UB" 5969' Fgfbc~c~ Bfg~hfy Foud`dum~{uc'
CYE Yum~~' Edodu' 633y
V]CQ
Jdw {jm udbm~ d` OmdoufyjcnfbCg`dulf{cdg ^s~{ml *OC^# fgk Umld{m^mg~cgo *U^# `du Ufyck JskudbdocnfbFyyufc~fb*UJF#fgk Ufyck Nfuedg
^{dnh F~~m~~lmg{*UfN^F# cg F@BF4
FOUD@DUM^[US BFGK^NFYM FGFBS^C^CG LMGKFBFL UCPMU EF^CG"
[JM ]YYMU ^[UMFL D@ HFY]F^ _F[MU^JMK"_M^[ HFBCLFG[FG YUDPCGNM , CGKDGM^CF
NF^M ^[]KS CG CGKDGM^CF
^[]KC C[M^
[jm }yymu ~{umfl d` Hfy}f~ _f{mu~jmk"Lmgkfbfl Ucpmu Ef~cg'
[jm um~mfunj fumf c~ bdnf{mk cg _m~{ Hfbclfg{fgYudpcgnm" Cgkdgm~cf8 65> == =: Mf~{ Bdgoc{}km 66> >? 50 Mf~{ Bdgoc{}km fgk 9 ;3 55 Gdu{jBf{c{}km 6 63 5: Gdu{j Bf{c{}km'
[jm fumf d` Lmgkfbfl ucpmu ef~cg c~ fed}{6;?"599 jf du fed}{ 6'= - d` {d{fb Hfy}f~_f{mu~jmk *3":?;"369 Jf#'
@co' 6' Lmgkfbfl Ucpmu Ef~cg d` {jm ]yymu ^{umfl d` Hfy}f~ _f{mu~jmk"_m~{ Hfbclfg{fg Yudpcgnm
7/31/2019 04 Method on AFLA
2/8
=$6?$596
YUM @CMBK _DUH16' ^}upms yumyfuf{cdg5' Ndll}gcnf{cdg {d bdnfb nd}g{muyfu{~ fgk cg~{c{}{cdg~
@CMBK _DUH16' Yumyfucgo fyybcfgnm fgk lf{mucfb~5' Km{mulcgf{cdg bdnf{cdg d` ~flybm>' Of{jmucgo kf{f" `cmbk ~}upms fgk ~flybcgo *oud}gk njmnh
~}upms" cg{mupcmw" de~mupf{cdg d` ~mndgkfus kf{f#
YD^[ @CMBK _DUH16' Clfom~ fgk lfy~ fgfbs~c~5' Ecd,yjs~cn,~dncfb, mndgdlcn,n}b{}ufb kf{f fgfbs~c~>' Fgfbs~c~ d` foud`dum~{us ldkmb *~moumof{cdg$ cg{mouf{cdg$
oufkcmg{#;' Umbmpfgns em{wmmg ~{}ks um~}b{~ fgk BF@ N}uucn}b}l
FN[CPC[CM^
KF[F FGK FGFBS^C^
@fn{du~ [sym d` Kf{f D}{ndlm
Ecd,yjs~cn 6'[dydoufyjcnfb lfy5'^f{mbbc{m clfomucm~>'^dcb lfy;'Jskudbdocnfb lfy='Gf{' pmom{f{cdg fgk nudy~
*~ymncm~" yudk'#0'_cbkbc`m fgk fgclfb
j}~efgkus *~ymncm~" yudk'#
6'Bfgk Ndpmu$]~mLfy
5'Ecdkcpmu~c{s Lfy>'BF@ Lfy
^dncfb"
MndgdlcnfgkN}b{}ufb
6'Kmldoufyjs fgk Ydy}bf{cdg
5'Jd}~mjdbk~" M{jgcn~"Dnn}yf{cdg" N}~{dlfus Bfw
>'Kc~{ucn{ fgk Gf{cdgfbUmo}bf{cdg
Jd}~mjdbk ~dncfb,
mndgdlcn~{u}n{}um"n}b{}ufb kdlfcg
KF[F FGK FGFBS^C^
Kf{f wmum fgfbsqmk ef~m dg kf{f ndbbmn{mk dg ecdyjs~cnfbfgk ~dncd,mndgdlcn,n}b{}ufb fn{du~' Ef~m dgnjfufn{mucqmk d` BF@ wf~ nbf~~c`cmk {jm ~{u}n{}um d` BF@ cg`cpm nf{moducm~ f~ `dbbdw~1
6' [umm,^dcb,Nudy,Nbclf{m,@f}gf cg{mufn{cdg~
5' @fulmu lfgfomlmg{ d` foud`dum~{us yf{njm~ dg ful
>' Pfb}m njfcg fgk lfuhm{cgo d` F@ yudk}n{~
;' Bfgk~nfym ~nfbm yf{{mug d` cg{mufn{cdg~" mlmuomgnm d`mgpcudglmg{fb ~mupcnm~
=' L}b{c ~{fhmjdbkmu cg{mufn{cdg~" odpmugfgnm" ndg`bcn{"cgnmg{cpm~
Ndlydgmg{~ Yudnm~~m~ d` Gf{}um fgkFn{cpc{cm~ d` ^dncd,Mndgdlcn,N}b{}um
^yf{cfbYf{{mug
Ecdyjs~cnfb@mf{}um
_f{mu Nsnbm _f{mu~jmk fumf*jskudbdocn }gc{#
Yumncyc{f{cdg C~djsm{~ ed}gkfucm~
[mlymuf{}um C~d,{mul ed}gkfucm~
J}lckc{s C~d,j}lckc{s ed}gk'
Pmom{f{cdg" ~}nnm~~cdg"kc~{uce}{cdg
Pmom{f{cdg Lfy
Cg`cb{uf{cdg Cg`cb{uf{cdg Lfy
U}g d`` Yd{mg{cfb U}g d`` Lfy
Mud~cdg Yd{mg{cfb Mud~cdg Lfy
Omdlduyjdbdocn Yudnm~~ Omdlduyjdbdocn Lfy
^dcb Yudnm~~ ^dcb Lfy
ECDYJS^CNFB @MF[]UM
Ndlydgmg{~ Yudnm~~m~ d` Gf{}um fgkFn{cpc{cm~ d` ^dncd,
Mndgdlcn,N}b{}um
^yf{cfbYf{{mug
^dncd,Mndgdlcn,
N}b{}ufbYjmgdlmgdg
Bfgk Lfgfomlmg{ Bfgk Ndpmu$Bfgk ]~m Lfy
@fulcgo s~{ml @fulcgo s~{ml Lfy
Lmfg d` Bcpmbcjddk Lmfg d` BcpmbcjddkKc~{uce}{cdg
_fomk Umnmcpmk _fom Umnmcpmk Kc~{uce}{cdg
Lfuhm{cgo Yudk}n{ Lfuhm{cgo Kc~{uce}{cdg
Dnn}yf{cdg Dnn}yf{cdg Kc~{uce}{cdg
Ydy}bf{ cdg Ksgflcn Ydy}bf{ cdg Kmg~c{s Lfy
Odpmuglmg{ Ydbcns Odpmuglmg{ YdbcnsEd}gkfucm~
^DNCD,MNDGDLCN,N]B[]UFBYJMGDLMGDG
7/31/2019 04 Method on AFLA
3/8
=$6?$596
Gd' Bfgk Ndpmu [sym
Fumf *jf# !
6339 5999 599=
jf - jf - jf -
6 Bdw Bfgk @dum~{ 6;5">6? ?0'0 6;6"36? ??'5 6;6">?6 ?0'3
5^mndgkfus KusBfgk @dum~{
59"=33 66'6 63"00: 69'? 63"5>6 69'=
>^mndgkfus_m{bfgk @dum~{
="0=: >'9 ="96> 5'? ;"=;? 5'=
;Lczmk Foucn}b{}umKus Bfgk
6="6=3 :'5 6?"6>0 3'> 6:"?5> 69'5
[d{fb !! 6:="?5> 699 6:>"?>; 699 6:>":?5 699
BFGK NDPMU [SYM
! ^d}unm~1 Bfgk~f{ [L fgfbs~c~ 6339" 5999 fgk 599= cg Bcpmbcjddk ^{}ks d` {jm ]yymu ^{umfl d` Hfy}f~_f{mu~jmk *599?#
!! [jm {d{fb fumf c~ ef~mk dg Bfgk~f{ Kf{f'
BFGKNDPMU
LFYLMGKFBFL_F[MU^JMK
6339
BFGKNDPMULFY
LMGKFBFL_F[MU^JMK
5999
BFGKNDPMULFY
LMGKFBFL_F[MU^JMK
599=
ULFUJF
UfN^F UFEF
Uf[FYFBF
Ufyck d`
UJF *U Jskudbdocnfb Fyyufc~fb# UfN^F *U Nfuedg {dnh F~~m~~lmg{# UFEF *U Foud,Ecdkcpmu~c{s F~~m~~lmg{# ULF *U Lfuhm{ F~~m~~lmg{# Uf[F *U Bfgk [mg}um Fyyufc~fb#
[ufkm,d``~ fgfbs~c~ fgk ~nmgfucd,ef~mk ldkmb~ _fG}BNF^ *Foud`dum~{us {mnjgdbdos1 {umm &
nudy~" J5D" G&Y fgk N efbfgnm8 yud`c{fecbc{s# ^nmgfucd {ddb `du mz fg{mclyfn{ f~~m~~lmg{
F@BF FYYUDFNJM^
7/31/2019 04 Method on AFLA
4/8
=$6?$596
Gd ^YF[CFB KF[F UJF UfN^F
6 Bfgk ]~m$Bfgk Ndpmu
5 Bfgk Ndpmu Njfgom~
> Mbmpf{cdg
; Ucpmu~ Gm{wduh Kufcgfom
= _f{mu Nf{njlmg{
0 ^dcb Ecd,yjs~cnfb
^YF[CFB CG@DULF[CDG
BFGKNDPMU CKMG[C@CNF[CDGKf{f Umlfuh~
Bfgk~f{ ? M[L ^nmgm CK1 669,001 : ^my{mlemu 6333'
^yf{cfb Um~db}{cdg1 >9 l'
Nbd}k ndpmu1 6-'^}g Jmcoj{1 =?'56
[dydoufyjsnfb Lfy ^nfbm1 6 1 5= 999^d}unm1 EFHD^]U[FGFB
@dum~{ Bfgk}~m Foummlmg{
*[OJH# lfy
^nfbf1 6 1 699 999
^d}unm1 Kcgf~ Hmj}{fgfg
Amgc~ Kf{f Yd~c{cdg Smfu
^[UL 39 lKML
~{ulT06T6;
Bf{c{}km ?'=9 ^Bdgoc{}km 655'=9 M
599;
^[UL 39 lKML
~{ulT05T6;
Bf{c{}km ?'=9 ^Bdgoc{}km 65?'=9 M
599;
^ymn{ufb ^cogf{}um `udl ^dlm Bfgkndpmu~
BFGKNDPMU NJFGOM^
MBMPF[CDGUCPMU^ KUFCGFOM GM[_DUH
^d}{jmug Yfu{ d` Ucgafgc *MNYM" __@ Bdledh#
7/31/2019 04 Method on AFLA
5/8
=$6?$596
_F[MU^JMK NDPMUMK
[jm ^cz{mmg }e,_f{mu~jmk cg {jm Hfy}f~ J}b} _f{mu~jmk
^DCB ECD,YJS^CNFB NJFUFN[MUC^[CN^
^DCB [SYM^ LFYNCBC_]GO
_F[MU^JMK
UFYCK JSKUDBDOCNFB FYUFC^FB*UJF#
Hfy}f~ J}b} _f{mu~jmk wf~ fgfbsqmk es UJF Lm{jdk'*Amfgm~" 5990#' @f~{' Njmfy fgk jdbc~{cn'
[jc~ lm{jdk nfg em }{c bcqmk {d hgdw {jm ofy ymunmy{cdgfldgo {jm ~{fhmjdbkmu~" c'm' bdnfb ndll}gc{cm~" um~mfunjmu~fgk ~ncmg{c~{~" em dum m~{febc~jlmg{ d` Mgpcudglmg{fb~mupcnm~ kmpmbdylmg{'
C` {jmum c~ gd ofy ~cogc`cnfg{bs" wm nfg ~{fu{ {d kmpmbdy
lmnjfgc~l d` mgpcudglmg{fb ~mupcnm~ yfslmg{'
E}{ c` {jmum c~ f ofy" {jm `cu~{ wm gmmk ~dlm fn{cpc{cm~ {deuckom em{wmmg {jm ofy~'
6' _jf{~ wf{mu~jmk jskudbdocnfb }gn{cdg 45' _jd c~ wf{mu~jmk lfgfomu *{d hmmy fgk clyudpm
jskudbdocnfb `}gn{cdg d` wf{mu~jmk#4>' Jdw {jm mzc~{cgo ndgkc{cdg d` wf{mu~jmk jskudbdocnfb
`}gn{cdg4;' Jdw {jm m``mn{cpm lmnjfgc~l d` mgpcudglmg{fb
~mupcnm~ yfslmg{ {d hmmy dg {jm jskudbdocnfb`}gn{cdg d` wf{mu~jmk4
UFYCK JSKUDBDOCNFB FYUFC^FB*UJF#
_jf{~ ^nfbm4 FGFBS^C^$F^^M^^LMG[
Ecd,yjs~cn @cmbk ' Bfgk~nfym Bmpmb
;' [cgohf{ Obdefb
+ =${ND5
NFUEDG[UFKCGO
UfN^FJdw {d mz{ufydbf{m N ~{dnh cg bfgk~nfym bmpmb4
7/31/2019 04 Method on AFLA
6/8
=$6?$596
OC^ fgk U^ `du UJF fgk UfN^F
Omdoufyjcnfb Cg`dulf{cdg ^s~{ml *OC^# fgk Umld{m^mg~cgo *U^# `du Ufyck Jskudbdocnfb Fyyufc~fb*UJF#fgk Ufyck Nfuedg ^{dnh F~~m~~lmg{*UfN^F#
gmmk {jm fpfcbfecbc{s d` ~yf{cfb cg`dulf{cdg d`bfgk~nfym ecd,yjs~cnfb ndgkc{cdg'
UJF
UfN^F
ULF
UF[F
UFEF
YFBF
Jskud,
`mf{}um
Bfgk
}~m~ Bfgk
}~m~
Lfuhm{
bdnf{cdg
Ndlldkc{s
lfy
[mg}um
Ecdkcpmu~c{s
`mf{}um
Bfgk~nfym
`mf{}um
FGFBC^F ^YF^CFB
Bfgk
}~m~
Bfgk
}~m~Bfgk
}~m~
Bfgk
}~m~
@udl Ybd{ ^cqm {d Bfgk~nfym ^cqm
, ^yf{cfb Kf{f ~dbpm~ {jm yudebmlwjcnj nd}bk gd{ `cgk es fgfbs~c~ cg{jm ~flybm ybd{ bmpmb'
, ^yf{cfb Kf{f c~ yd~~cebm {d fgfbsqmcg {jm bfgk~nfym bmpmb'
UF@ Fyymfufgnm dg BFGK^F[ M[L
OC^ fgk U^ `du UJF kfg UfN^F
Jdw {jm ksgflcn d`ymu}efjfbfgkndpmunjfgocgo cg {jm umocdg4
Jdw l}nj {jm Nfuedg~{dnh fpfcbfebm cg {jmbfgk~nfym4
Jdw {jm ksgflcn d`Nfuedg ~{dnh cg {jmumocdg4
_jf{~ ~yf{cfb yudebml dg UfN^F4
OC^ fgk U^ `du UJF kfg UfN^F
_jf{~ ~yf{cfb yudebml dg UJF4
Jdw bfgk~nfym ld~fcnd` bfgk ndpmu cg {jmwf{mu~jmk4
Jdw {jm wf{mu~jmkndg`co}uf{cdg cg {jmumocdg4
Jdw {jm {dydoufyjcnfbndgkc{cdg4
Jdw {jm bfgk }~mnjfgocgo4
OC^ fgk U^ `du UJF kfg UfN^F
]gkmu~{fgkcgo d`
_f{mu~jmk Ndg`co}uf{cdgf' Ucpmu~ gm{wduh kf{fe' _f{mu~jmk ed}gkfusn' ^}e,nf{njlmg{ ed}gkfus
Cg{mouf{cgo Kf{f em{wmmgBN fgk _f{mu~jmk
f' Jdw bfgk ndpmundlyd~c{cdg cg {jmwf{mu~jmk4
e' Jdw {jm bfgk }~m njfgocgocg {jm wf{mu~jmk4
OY^ Ydcg{~
[jmlf{cn Lfy~
6
5
^YF[CFB FGFBS^C^ @DU UJF
7/31/2019 04 Method on AFLA
7/8
=$6?$596
]gkmu~{fgkcgo d` wf{mu~jmk ndg`co}uf{cdg
^mndgkfus kf{f `udld{jmu cg~{c{}{cdg~" m'o'Bdnfb _f{mu~jmkFomgns
Jskudbdos kf{f `udlkcoc{fb mbmpf{cdg ldkmb*KML#
6
^YF[CFB FGFBS^C^ @DU UJF
Cg{mouf~c kf{f B]$BN kmgofg KF^5
Bfgk Ndpmu Lfy _f{mu~jmk Lfy
^YF[CFB FGFBS^C^ @DU UJF
Cg{mouf{cgo kf{f em{wmmg ybd{lmf~}umlmg{ fgk umld{m ~mg~cgo kf{ffgfbs~c~'
Fgfbsqcgo bfgk ndpmu njfgocgo
Fgfbsqcgo {jm ksgflcn d` Nfuedg ~{dnh
^YF[CFB FGFBS^C^ @DU UfN^FKf{f Cg{mouf{cdg d` Ybd{ Lmf~}umlmg{ fgk U^ Fgfbs~c~
Um~}b{~6
^YF[CFB FGFBS^C^ @DU UfN^F
Bfgk Ndpmu ^yf{cfb Kf{f ^flybm Ybd{ Lmf~}umlmg{ Kf{f
Lmf~}umlmg{ d` Bfgk Ndpmu Njfgom~5
^YF[CFB FGFBS^C^ @DU UfN^F
Mlc~~cdg du ^mv}m~{uf{cdg4
N,~{dnh [febm fgk bfgk ndpmu njfgocgo lf{uch~ nfg em{ufg~ dulmk {d lf{ucz d` N,~{dnh njfgocgo
[jc~ lf{ucz ~jdw~ jdw l}nj N,~{dnh njfgocgo cg mfnj bfgkndpmu njfgomk'
Ksgflcn d` N,~{dnh nfg em f~ mlc~~cdg du ~mv}m~{uf{cdg'
M~{clf{cdg d` Nfuedg ^{dnh Njfgom~>
^YF[CFB FGFBS^C^ @DU UfN^F
7/31/2019 04 Method on AFLA
8/8
=$6?$596
Yudebml fgk Jfgkcnfy
Yumnc~cdg1 muudu fnn}l}bf{cdg em{wmmg Nlmf~}umlmg{ dg ybd{ ~nfbm fgk ~yf{cfb kf{f d` bfgkndpmu'
Cg`dulf{cdg Um~db}{cdg1 @dum~{ fgk gdg,`dum~{nbf~~c`cnf{cdg4 Jdw `fu km{fcbmk cg`dulf{cdg gmmkmk`du dy{clfb um~}b{~'
Kf{f ^yf{cfb ^d}unm1 Nd~{ fgk kf{f v}fbc{s' Kf{f ^yf{cfb ^d`{wfum1 Nd~{ fgk Bcnmg~m c~~}m~
DYMG ^D]UNM ^D@[_FUM4
^YF[CFB FGFBS^C^ @DU UfN^F Yfu{cncyf{dus BF *YfBF#^}upms ^nfbm & Um~mfunj
Yudnnm~~
[mlydufb ^nfbm *[clm bcgm#
@}{}um *smfu#
^c{m
Bfgk~nfym
Pcbbfom
Yf~{ [clm *{smfu#
^yf{cfb ^nfbm*Pcbbfom ^hm{nj" {ufg~mn{#_jf{" _jmg" _js"
Jdw" _jd
_F[MU^JMK
http://www.hsarifin.staff.ipb.ac.id/mailto:[email protected]Top Related