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Microwave Principles
Microwave Product Customer Service Dept.
2009-1
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Contents
Microwave Equipments Application
PART 2
PART 3
PART 1
Microwave Communication Principles
Network Planning
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Microwave Equipment Application
Ethernet Application
Mobile Network Application
Cellular Network Application
Application/Solution
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Application/Solution
Point to Point Digital Microwave transmission system
MUX
Satellite
Fiber optic cable
Microwave link
Coaxial cable
MUX
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Mobile Network Application
BSC
MSCPSTNBSC
.....
MSC
SDH
BSC
BSC
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTSBTS
BTS BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS PDH
PDH
BTS
PDHBTS
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS
SDH
SDH
SDH
SDH
PDH
PDH
PDH
PDH
PDH
PDH
PDH
SDH SDH
SDH Microwave
PDH Microwave
PSTN: Public Switched
Telephone Network
MSC:Mobile Switching Center
BSC: Base Station ControllerBTS: Base Transceiver Station
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Cellular Network Application1
UMTS: Universal Mobile
Telecommunication System
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Cellular Network Application2
RNC: Regional Network Centre
ADM: Add/Drop Multiplexer
MUX: Multiplexer
STM: Synchronous Transport Module
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Ethernet Application(1)LAN to LAN Bridge
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Ethernet Application(2)
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Ethernet Application(3)
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Review
What are the main transmission methods nowadays? What are the main applications for microwave
equipments?
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Microwave Communication Principles
System Structure
Introduction to Microwave Principles
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Introduction to Microwave Principles
Radio Frequency Spectrum Utilization
Features of Radio Transmission
Microwave Frequency
Different Transmission Systems
Microwave Radio Link
Fading
Interference
Radio Wave Propagation
Relay station (Passive)
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Different Transmission Systems
MUX
Satellite
Fiber optic cable
Microwave link
Coaxial cable
MUX
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Microwave Frequency
10km 1km 100m 10m 1m 10cm 1cm 1mm
f 30kHz 300kHz 3MHz 30MHz 300MHz 3GHz 30GHz 300GHz
LF MF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF
microwave
Frequency: 300MHZ 300GHZ Wavelength: 1mm~1m
Frequency band: UHF: 0.3-1.12G X: 8.2-12.4G L: 1.12-1.7G
KU: 12.4-18G LS: 1.7-2.6 G K: 18-26G
S: 2.6-3.95 G Ka: 26.5-40G C: 3.95-5.85G
U: 40-60G XC: 5.85-8.2G
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Features of Radio transmission
Wavelength is short while frequency is high.
Wide frequency band
Line of sight propagation, reflection, diffraction and scattering
Free space loss
Fading caused by other types of path loss.
Interference
1
2
3
4
5
6
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Radio Frequency Spectrum Utilization1
85432 10 201 30 40 50
1.5 2.5
Regional network
National backbone network
Regional and local network
2
8
34Mbit/s
34
140
155
Mbit/s
28
34140155
Mbit/s
3.3 11 GHz
GHz
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Radio Wave Propagation1
The radio link propagation follows the line of sight: it requires a perfect clearing between
transmitting and receiving antennas. The propagation medium is made of the lower layers
of the atmosphere (a few meters to a few hundred of meters above ground)
The non homogeneity of the atmosphere influences the waves propagation:
1. Path curvature
2. Reflecting, diverging, focusing intermittent events
Free space loss (Lfs)=92.4+20log(fd) (dB)
f:GHz, d:km
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Radio Wave Propagation2
AbsorptionPartial reflection
Almost horizontal
DiffusionRefraction
Atmosphere influence
i.1
i.2
n1
n2
n1
n2
Diffusion
volume
500km
n1sin i.1 = n2sin i.2
Gaz and water vapor
Freq. < 15GHz : insignificant
20 GHz : 0.1 dB / km
Rain
Freq. > 10GHz
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Radio Wave Propagation3
Ground influence
Reflection
Diffraction
Spherical diffraction
Diffraction on a ridge
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Anti-Fading Measures
H
Frequency Diversity
1
2
3
Techniques without diversity
Diversity techniques
Space Diversity
Reduce ground reflection
Increase path consistency
Various equalizers
1
2
10.2/F0/2
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Interference
Types
Anti-Interference Measures
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Sort
A
B
Co-channel interference
Adjacent channel interference
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Anti-Interference Measures
A
B
Increase transmit power
Improve band pass filter performance
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Microwave Radio Link
TX/R
x
HopNO.1
Or
TX/Rx
HopNO.2
HopNo.n
TX/Rx TX/R
x
Distance between the transmitter and the receiver, a few km < D < 100km
Availability and quality depends on the distance recommended by ITU-R.
Terminal
Station
Cable
Relay station
(Passive)
Terminal
StationRelay station
(Active)
CableRadio Link
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Relay station (Passive)
Parabolic reflectorsPlane reflectors
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Choose Equipments
PASOLINK AppearancePASO+ Appearance
PASOLINK NEO/c Appearance
ZXMW PR10 Appearance
ZXMW SR10 Appearance
Network Configuration of One Hop System
Network Configuration of Multi-Hops System
Network Configuration of Ring System
Network Configuration of Multi-branches System
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PASOLINK Appearance
0.6m Antenna
Outdoor unit (ODU)
Installation pole
Indoor unit (IDU)
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PASOLINK NEO/c Appearance
HYB
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