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Arctic Navigation
Grace Xingxin GaoDepartment of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Stanford University
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A New Era for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) – New Demand for Arctic Coverage
• Problem– GPS and its Wide Area
Augmentation System (WAAS) not designed for the Arctic
– No WAAS GEO coverage
• Increasing demand – Undiscovered oil reserves– Opening of sea lanes
GPS orbits do not pass directly over the Arctic
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Maritime Navigation Integrity in the Arctic
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Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)
• WAAS: augmenting GPS by transmitting error correction messages• Ensure integrity, i.e. confidence of accuracy
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Current Arctic Coverage
WAAS/EGNOS Availability Coverage WAAS/EGNOS Reference Stations
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Future Arctic SBAS – International Collaboration
Reference StationsAvailability Coverage with User Connectivity
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Future Arctic Availability
Both vertical and horizontal availability
Horizontal availability only
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Iridium (950 km altitude vs 20,000 km)
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Vertical Dilution of Precision (VDOP)
31 GPS satellites
24 GPS + Iridium satellites
24 GPS satellites
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
31 GPS + Iridium satellites
Thank you!
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