Similarities Both are symbolic Both are rule-guided Can be intentional or unintentional Are cultural-bound Differences NV communication is "more believable" Nonverbal can be multi-channeled Nonverbal is continuous
Supplements or replaces verbal communication
Regulates interaction Establishes relationship-level meanings (responsiveness, liking, power) Reflects & expresses cultural value Deception
Eye Communication Functions
◦ Monitor Feedback ◦ Maintain Interest and Attention ◦ Regulate the Conversation ◦ Signal the Nature of the Relationship ◦ Compensate for Physical Distance
Facial Commnication Management Techniques Intensifying Deintensifying Neutralizing Universal facial expressions
Kinesics - body position & motion Emblems: Nonverbal movements that substitute
for words and phrases. Illustrators: Nonverbal movements that
accompany or reinforce verbal messages. Affect Displays: Nonverbal movements of the
face and body used to show emotion. Regulators: Nonverbal movements that control
the flow or pace of communication. Adaptors: Nonverbal movements that you might
perform fully in private but only partially in public. Used to reduce tension or satisfy a need.
Physical characteristics Clothing Artificats
Paralanguage: not what you say but how you say it.
Tone Rate Volume Pitch Vocalizations
Spatial Messages Personal Space Space that surrounds a person in which they are
made comfortable or uncomfortable. It is a personal bubble of space that moves with you. ◦ Distances
Intimate distance: 0-18 inches Personal Distance: 18-48 inches Social Distance: 4-12 feet Public Distance: beyond 12 feet
Territoriality◦ our need to establish and maintain certain spaces as our
own. (non-verbal indicators that signal ownership) ◦ In a dorm room- items on the common desk mark
territory.
Many meanings Touch more in intermediate stages than in
initial or established relationships Facilitates self-disclosure Playfulness Power and Control Ritualistic (shake hands, etc.) Task-related
◦ interesting -- more touch, more tips
Touch Avoidance Avoidance & Communication Apprehension Low self-disclosers tend to avoid touch Gender Issues With Touch Men avoid touching other men; Women are less
likely to avoid same-sex touch Women have higher avoidance of opposite-sex
touch. As we age we avoid opposite sex touch Women initiate opposite sex touch more often
than men. Especially in married relationships. Opposite sex friends touch more than same-sex
friends.
Monochronic and Polychronic Monochronic
◦ Does one thing at a time. ◦ Time is very serious! ◦ Job tends to be more important than family even. ◦ Privacy is extremely important.
Seldom borrows or lends Works independentl
Polychronic ◦ Does several things at a time. ◦ Time is important but not sacred. ◦ Family and interpersonal relationships are more important than work. ◦ Actively involved with others.
Cultures... Monochronic
◦ United States, Germany, Scandinavia and Switzerland. Polychronic
◦ Latin Americans, Mediterranean people, Arabians.
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