© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 7 - 1
Organizing and Organizing and Working in TeamsWorking in Teams
© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 7 - 2
Effective Organization Effective Organization StructureStructure
• Divide responsibilities
• Distribute authority
• Coordinate and control work
• Promote accountability
© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 7 - 3
Organization ChartOrganization Chart
• Formal organization
• Informal organization
© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 7 - 4
Organization Chart for Food Lion Grocery Organization Chart for Food Lion Grocery ChainChain
Board of Directors
President & CEOChairperson
VP Human Resources
Senior VPOperations
VPMIS
VPFinance
VP Special Projects
VPMarketing
VPAdvertising
VP Store Planning
Regional Supervisors
Area Supervisors
Regional Operations
Area Supervisors
Regional Operations
Area Supervisors
VP Grocery Operations
VP Perishable Operations
VP Bakery Operations
© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 7 - 5
Work SpecializationWork Specialization
• Advantages
–Efficiency
–Productivity
• Disadvantages
–Boredom
–Alienation
© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 7 - 6
Chain of CommandChain of Command
• Responsibility
• Accountability
• Authority
• Delegation
© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 7 - 7
Simplified Line-and-Staff Simplified Line-and-Staff StructureStructure
• Chain of command
–Line organization
–Line-and-staff organization
© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 7 - 8
Span of ManagementSpan of Management
• Flat organizations
• Tall organizations
© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 7 - 9
Decision-Making Decision-Making AuthorityAuthority
• Centralized
–Top-level management
• Decentralized
–Lower-level management
© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 7 - 10
Vertical OrganizationsVertical Organizations
• Function
• Division
• Network
• Matrix
© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 7 - 11
Departmentalization by Departmentalization by FunctionFunction
• Skills
• Resource use
• Expertise
© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 7 - 12
Functional Functional DepartmentsDepartments
DisadvantagesDisadvantages
•Departmental BarriersDepartmental Barriers
•Slow Response TimeSlow Response Time
•Ineffective PlanningIneffective Planning
•Over-specializationOver-specialization
AdvantagesAdvantages
•Resource AllocationResource Allocation
•Unified DirectionUnified Direction
•Improved CoordinationImproved Coordination
•Better CommunicationBetter Communication
© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 7 - 13
Departmentalization by Departmentalization by DivisionDivision
• Products
• Processes
• Geography
• Customers
© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 7 - 14
DepartmentalizationDepartmentalizationby Divisionby Division
AdvantagesAdvantages DisadvantagesDisadvantages
FlexibilityFlexibility
Better ServiceBetter Service
Management FocusManagement Focus
Wasting ResourcesWasting Resources
Poor CoordinationPoor Coordination
CompetitionCompetition
© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 7 - 15
Departmentalization by Departmentalization by MatrixMatrix
• Advantages
–Skills and expertise
–Resource use
• Disadvantages
–Reporting issues
–Authority issues
– Interpersonal conflicts
© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 7 - 16
DepartmentalizationDepartmentalizationby Networkby Network
AdvantagesAdvantages DisadvantagesDisadvantages
FlexibilityFlexibility
ResponsivenessResponsiveness
VarietyVariety
Dispersed FunctionsDispersed Functions
Quality ControlQuality Control
Employee LoyaltyEmployee Loyalty
© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 7 - 17
Innovative StructuresInnovative Structures
• Horizontal structures
• Hybrid organization
© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 7 - 18
Comparing Work Groups Comparing Work Groups and Work Teamsand Work Teams
• Goals
• Synergy
• Responsibility
• Skills
© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 7 - 19
Workplace TeamsWorkplace Teams
• Problem-solving
• Self-managed
• Functional
© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 7 - 20
Types of Cross-Types of Cross-Functional TeamsFunctional Teams
• Circles
• Task forces
• Committees
• Special purpose
© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 7 - 21
Virtual TeamsVirtual Teams
Project-management skills
Time-management skills
Technological expertise
Cross-cultural skills
Interpersonal awareness
© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 7 - 22
Working in TeamsWorking in Teams
AdvantagesAdvantages
Higher-quality decisions
Improved commitment
Creativity & motivation
Flexibility
DisadvantagesDisadvantages
Power realignment
Free riders
Increased costs
Groupthink
© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 7 - 23
Characteristics Characteristics of Effective Teamsof Effective Teams
• Appropriate size and structure
• Clear sense of purpose
• Open honest communication
• Creative thinking
• Focused efforts
• Decision by consensus
© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 7 - 24
Team Member RolesTeam Member Roles
• Task specialist
• Dual role
• Nonparticipator role
• Socioemotional role
© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 7 - 25
Five Stages of Team Five Stages of Team DevelopmentDevelopment
• Forming
• Storming
• Norming
• Performing
• Adjourning
© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 7 - 26
Stages of DevelopmentStages of Development
CohesivenessCohesiveness
Meeting attendance
Interaction
Work quality
Goal achievement
NormsNorms
Behavior
Limits
Values
Expectations
© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 7 - 27
Team ConflictTeam Conflict
• Competition for scarce resources
• Responsibility issues
• Poor communication
• Values, attitudes, and personalities
• Authority issues
• Goal incompatibility
Top Related