Disability- any physical or mental impairment that limits
normal activities, including seeing, hearing, walking, or speaking
20% of adult population have some type of disability Have
difficulty doing things that others take for granted
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Physical ChallengesPhysical Challenges Sight Impairment Leading
cause of blindness is the result of diabetes Macular degeneration-
leading cause for those over 55- retina (back of eye) degenerates
Glaucoma- a condition in which there is high pressure in the fluids
in the eye, damages optic nerve
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Regular eye exams are very important Early diagnoses of these
conditions help prevent blindness or slow its progress
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Hearing Impairment Profound deafness- hearing loss so severe
that a person affected cannot from mechanical amplification such as
a hearing aid Causes Heredity Injury Disease Obstructions- build up
of wax, bone blockage or foreign object Exposure to loud
noises
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Motor Impairment Result when the bodys range of motion and
coordination are affected by an injury to the brain or disorder of
the nervous system Physical therapy used to keep joint flexible and
muscles stretch
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Mental ChallengesMental Challenges Mental retardation- the
below-average intellectual ability present from birth Affects 3% of
population Many are only mildly affected Causes Injury Disease
Brain abnormality
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Some factors are related to genetic disorders Down syndrome-
there is an extra copy of chromosome 21 includes physical and
mental challenges Phenylketonuria (PKU)- born without the ability
to properly break down an amino acid called phenylalanine harmful
to the central nervous system and cause brain damage.
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Tay-Sachs- deadly disease of the nervous system passed down
through families- defective gene on chromosome 15chromosome 15
Fragile X syndrome involving changes in part of the X
chromosome-chromosome includes physical and mental challenges
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Behaviors during pregnancy a factor Use of alcohol and drugs
increase risk of a child born with mental challenges Fetal alcohol
syndrome- causes growth, mental, and physical problems with child
resulting from the mother drinking alcohol during pregnancy
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Other causes Restricted supply of oxygen during birth Head
injury Stroke Certain infections such as meningitis
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Accommodating Differences People with physical and mental
challenges and their supporters have worked to establish Society
should make changes to allow people with disabilities to take part
in business and social activities People should not be stereotype
and label because of their disability People with disabilities
should have the same opportunities as other
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Americans with Disabilities Act- a law prohibiting
discrimination against people with physical or mental disabilities
in the work place, transportation, public accommodations, and
telecommunications Examples Wheelchair ramps Telephone companies
offer communication relay services