© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
GRAPHICALMEDIA
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
“Graphics help to display and to clarify text. If you are a visual learner, your mind keys in on the graphics as much or more than it keys in on the text. Learning productivity increases by graphic display of a message. Graphics may be photographs, hand drawn artwork, computer drawn artwork, textures, scanned items, or any thing that is or can be digitized. Graphics must enhance the text.”
Sprankle and Sprankle and JohnsonJohnson
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
“Graphics can enhance your multimedia application by illustrating concepts and presenting information in uniquely effective ways. As part of a larger media mix, graphics can significantly enhance learning. In fact, some concepts are extremely difficult to teach without visuals.
Some graphic images are real representations of actual objects, as in photographs, slides, and digitized images. Others are pictorial or diagrammatic representations of actual objects, which are often created by graphics artists.”
(Fenrich, 1997, p. 138)
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
GRAPHICS FILE
FORMATS
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
Graphics Files GIF & JPeG (PNG) (Internet)
BMP & WMF (Windows)
PIC & PCT (Mac)
TIFf, TGA, EPS (Universal)
See table at the end of the chapter for additional formats ..
(Note: “animated” gifs will be covered when we discuss animation).
See table at the end of the chapter for additional formats ..
(Note: “animated” gifs will be covered when we discuss animation).
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
Bitmapped (raster)
Graphics vs.
Object (vector)Graphics
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
Bitmapped graphic Vector graphicTraditional drawing
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
GRAPHICSSOFTWARE
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
Paint
Draw
vs.
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
Graphics SoftwareIn my work with graphics software, I have performed these three basic functions:
1. Converting from one file format to another
2. Editing the contrast, brightness, and color or hue
3. Changing the content of the graphic*
Note: These are not always found in a single software package.
Note: These are not always found in a single software package.
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
Paint (Windows) - editor and converter for numerous bitmapped formats such as: BMP, JPG, GIF,PCD, PCX, TIFF, DIB, and TGA.
Microsoft Photo Editor (pre-Office 2000 Pro) - editor and converter for numerous bitmapped formats such as: BMP, JPG, GIF,PCD, PCX, TIFF, DIB, and TGA files.
Lview Pro (www.lview.com) - editor and converter for numerous bitmapped formats such as: BMP, JPG, GIF, PPM, PCX, TIFF, DIB, and TGA files.
Paint Shop Pro (www.jasc.com) - for numerous bitmapped formats such as: BMP, JPG, GIF, PPM, PCX, TIFF, DIB, and TGA files.
Free Graphics Software
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
$$$ Graphics SoftwareAdobe Photoshop ($649)
Adobe Illustrator ($499)
Corel Draw ($379)
Macromedia FreeHand ($399)
Autodesk Maya ($1,999)
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
• Scanner
Graphics Sources
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
• Digital Camera
• Scanner
/Cell Phone
Note: These devices can alsobe used for recording videosNote: These devices can alsobe used for recording videos
Graphics Sources
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
Graphics Sources
• Digital Camera/Cell
• Scanner
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
• Video Capture
• Scanner
• Digital Camera/Cell Phone
160x12022KB
320x240108KB
640x480336KB
Note: This device can alsobe used for recording videosNote: This device can also
be used for recording videos
Graphics Sources
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
• Video Capture
• Scanner
• Digital Camera/Cell Phone
640x4800181KB
Graphics Sources
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
• Video Capture
• Scanner
• Digital Camera/Cell
640x480224KB
Graphics Sources
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
CreatedCreated}“Borrowed”“Borrowed”}
• Video Capture
• Screen Capture
• Photo CD’s
• Clip Art
• Internet
Print Screenvs.
Alt-Print Screen
Print Screenvs.
Alt-Print Screen
• Scanner
• Digital Camera/Cell
“right-click” on graphic or drag-and-drop
“right-click” on graphic or drag-and-drop
Graphics Sources
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
ColorAdditive Color
light – RGBmonitor
Subtractive Color paint – CYMKprinter
Color MixerColor Mixer
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
1 black & white line drawings
2 4 posters
4 16 sketches
8 (1 byte) 256 low-quality photographs
16 (2 bytes) 65,536 high-quality photographs
24 (3 bytes) 16,777,216 professional-quality photographs
32 (4 bytes) 4,294,967,296 ???
File Size Considerations
# of bits # of colors uses
Color depth (# of bits)
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
Color
depth
Also see Figure 6.2 in the MM text.
Also see Figure 6.2 in the MM text.
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
Early projectors were only capable of displaying 256 colors.
256 – a necessary evil???
This is the maximum color depth for GIFs (one of the main graphics Web file formats).
Some users may have their screens set to 256 colors, even if their computers are capable of a greater color depth.
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
use an adaptive palette.
Some solutions:
256 – a necessary evil???
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
use an adaptive palette.
Some solutions:
256 – a necessary evil???
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
use an adaptive palette.
Some solutions:
256 – a necessary evil???
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
use an adaptive palette.
Some solutions:
256 – a necessary evil???
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
256 – a necessary evil???
use dithering
use an adaptive palette.
Some solutions:
Also see Figure 6.16 in the MM text.
Also see Figure 6.16 in the MM text.
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
# of bits # of colors# of bits # of colors uses uses
Color depth (# of bits)
Image size (# of pixels)
1 black & white line drawings
2 4 posters
4 16 sketches
8 (1 byte) 256 low-quality photographs
16 (2 bytes) 65,536 high-quality photographs
24 (3 bytes) 16,777,216 professional-quality photographs
32 (4 bytes) 4,294,967,296 ???
File Size Considerations
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
640
480
640 x 480 = 307,200 pixels
307,200 x 1 byte = 307,200 bytes307,200 x 2 bytes = 614,400 bytes307,200 x 3 bytes = 921,600 bytes
Almost a meg of VRAMAlmost a meg of VRAM
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
800
600
800 x 600 = 480,000 pixels
480,000 x 1 byte = 480,000 bytes 480,000 x 2 bytes = 960,000 bytes 480,000 x 3 bytes = 1,440,000 bytes
Almost a 1.5 meg of VRAMAlmost a 1.5 meg of VRAM
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
800
600
480
640
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
1600
1200
600
800
1600 x 1200 x 4 bytes = 7,680,000 bytes
More than 7.5 meg of VRAMMore than 7.5 meg of VRAM
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
What resolution and color depth do you use?What resolution and
color depth do you use?
6th Edition640x480 2%800x60044%1024x76842%1280x1024 4%1152x864 3%Unknown 1%
Screen Resolutions Reported in the MM Text
7th Edition640x480 0%800x600 20%1024x768 57%Higher 17%Unknown 6%
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
# of bits # of colors# of bits # of colors uses uses
Color depthColor depth (# of bits)
Image sizeImage size (# of pixels)
compressed vs. uncompressedcompressed vs. uncompressed
1 black & white line drawings
2 4 posters
4 16 sketches
8 (1 byte) 256 low-quality photographs
16 (2 bytes) 65,536 high-quality photographs
24 (3 bytes) 16,777,216 professional-quality photographs
32 (4 bytes) 4,294,967,296 ???
File Size Considerations
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
pixel x - pixel x - andandpixel y -pixel y -
pixels x & y - pixels x & y -
jjppeegg
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
bmp
1096 x 777 x 3 = 2,495 KB
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
gif
568 KB
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
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jpeg
193 KB
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
bmp gif jpg
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