27 27 Of MayOf MayAll-Russia day of All-Russia day of

libraries libraries (Day of the librarian)(Day of the librarian)

The All-Russia day of libraries by right is also a professional The All-Russia day of libraries by right is also a professional holiday of the Russian librarians — Day of the librarian. This holiday of the Russian librarians — Day of the librarian. This professional holiday is established by the Decree of the professional holiday is established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation B. N. Yeltsin from May 27, President of the Russian Federation B. N. Yeltsin from May 27, 1995 «About establishment of the all-Russian day of libraries». 1995 «About establishment of the all-Russian day of libraries». Decree is told: «Considering a big contribution of the Russian Decree is told: «Considering a big contribution of the Russian libraries to development of domestic education, a science and libraries to development of domestic education, a science and culture and need of further increase of their role for society life, culture and need of further increase of their role for society life, I decide: 1. To establish the all-Russian Day of libraries and to I decide: 1. To establish the all-Russian Day of libraries and to mark out him on May 27, having dated this date for day of the mark out him on May 27, having dated this date for day of the basis in 1795 of the first state public library of Russia — basis in 1795 of the first state public library of Russia — Imperial public library, nowadays the Russian national library. Imperial public library, nowadays the Russian national library.

From history of libraries of From history of libraries of the worldthe worldIn Antiquity and in the Ancient East of library In Antiquity and in the Ancient East of library

existed in two forms: as book-depositories and existed in two forms: as book-depositories and as the public centers which tasks included as the public centers which tasks included dissemination of knowledge. During an era of dissemination of knowledge. During an era of the early Middle Ages there are libraries at the early Middle Ages there are libraries at monasteries and cathedrals. At a turn of the monasteries and cathedrals. At a turn of the XIII-XIV centuries under the influence of being XIII-XIV centuries under the influence of being formed university culture in the relation to the formed university culture in the relation to the book and library there is a change. The book and library there is a change. The monastic book in the spiritual and intellectual monastic book in the spiritual and intellectual function played, first of all, a treasure role. function played, first of all, a treasure role. Unlike it the university book becomes the Unlike it the university book becomes the knowledge tool.knowledge tool.

In Paris, Bologna, Padua, Oxford In Paris, Bologna, Padua, Oxford there are libraries at universities. there are libraries at universities. During the Education era the During the Education era the increase in volume of literature on increase in volume of literature on natural sciences, history, art in natural sciences, history, art in library strengthens its educational library strengthens its educational function. In the XVIII century function. In the XVIII century educational function of libraries is educational function of libraries is realized in availability of books and realized in availability of books and information to society. information to society.

In the XX century the mass public In the XX century the mass public library becomes dominating type of library becomes dominating type of library. The main tasks of library in library. The main tasks of library in the USSR promotion of books, the the USSR promotion of books, the management of reading, formation management of reading, formation and regulation of reader's interests and regulation of reader's interests saw. Library as a museum and saw. Library as a museum and theater, was an important theater, was an important component of cultural space of the component of cultural space of the city.city.

Факты библиотечной историиФакты библиотечной истории The first data on libraries carry up the time The first data on libraries carry up the time

of existence Sumer (3000 g BC). Books — of existence Sumer (3000 g BC). Books — plates were stored then in clay jugs. On plates were stored then in clay jugs. On each shelf there was clay "label", size about each shelf there was clay "label", size about a little finger with the name of branch of a little finger with the name of branch of knowledge. Safety of funds was helped by knowledge. Safety of funds was helped by terrible caution: "The one who will dare to terrible caution: "The one who will dare to carry away these tables: start up will punish carry away these tables: start up will punish the anger Ashur and Bleaches, and the the anger Ashur and Bleaches, and the name of his and his successors will be name of his and his successors will be forever buried in oblivion in this country" forever buried in oblivion in this country"

The outstanding scientist — mathematician The outstanding scientist — mathematician Nikolay Ivanovich Lobachevsky at the Nikolay Ivanovich Lobachevsky at the same time held a post of the rector of the same time held a post of the rector of the Kazan university (1827 — 1846) and the Kazan university (1827 — 1846) and the director of university library. director of university library.

30 years were worked in Imperial Public 30 years were worked in Imperial Public library of Petersburg by the writer and library of Petersburg by the writer and fabulist Ivan Andriyovych Krylov. In the fabulist Ivan Andriyovych Krylov. In the same library worked: scientist-historian same library worked: scientist-historian Yermolaev, Korf, writer and philosopher Yermolaev, Korf, writer and philosopher Odoevsky.Odoevsky.

The first library in Russia the library is The first library in Russia the library is considered at the Sofia cathedral in Kiev, considered at the Sofia cathedral in Kiev, based in 1037 Yaroslav Mudrym. based in 1037 Yaroslav Mudrym.

In the XV century the Italian duke Federigo In the XV century the Italian duke Federigo da Montefeltro developed the instruction in da Montefeltro developed the instruction in which formulated the requirements shown which formulated the requirements shown to the librarian: learning, pleasant character, to the librarian: learning, pleasant character, imposing appearance, eloquence. imposing appearance, eloquence.

Many years were worked in library of Many years were worked in library of cardinal Mazarini by the French scientist cardinal Mazarini by the French scientist Gabriel Node. He was the author of work Gabriel Node. He was the author of work "Councils on the library device" (1627). "Councils on the library device" (1627). Нодэ it was convinced that "it is impossible Нодэ it was convinced that "it is impossible to call disorder collection of books library to call disorder collection of books library as it is impossible to consider the armed as it is impossible to consider the armed crowd as regular army or a heap of crowd as regular army or a heap of construction materials — the house". construction materials — the house".

On the XX century outcome especially On the XX century outcome especially wrote much and spoke about the end of wrote much and spoke about the end of traditional library and about a new traditional library and about a new information era though in the XIX information era though in the XIX V.F.Odoevsky described a certain V.F.Odoevsky described a certain mathematical formula which will be mathematical formula which will be deduced "in order that in the huge book to deduced "in order that in the huge book to attack that page which is necessary and to attack that page which is necessary and to calculate quickly, how many pages then it is calculate quickly, how many pages then it is possible to pass flawless".possible to pass flawless".

In the XX century Stanislav Lem In the XX century Stanislav Lem in the novel "Magellanic cloud" in the novel "Magellanic cloud" gave one of the most courageous gave one of the most courageous forecasts of development of forecasts of development of libraries... "... In 2531 the new libraries... "... In 2531 the new way of storage of human thought way of storage of human thought was entered. Began to use was entered. Began to use

: small crystals of трионы: small crystals of трионыquartz. Kristallik in size with a quartz. Kristallik in size with a grain of sand could comprise as grain of sand could comprise as much information, how many much information, how many contains in the ancient contains in the ancient encyclopedia. The Central encyclopedia. The Central trionovy library was created trionovy library was created uniform for all globe..."uniform for all globe..."

There is more:There is more: The ominous heroine of Russian The ominous heroine of Russian

national fairy tales — Woman Yaga national fairy tales — Woman Yaga was a keeper of "library of balls", i.e. was a keeper of "library of balls", i.e. the librarian. Quietly sat in an izba on the librarian. Quietly sat in an izba on kury legs and gave out lost the way kury legs and gave out lost the way Ivanam Tsarevicham works of nodular Ivanam Tsarevicham works of nodular writing — threads with signs from the writing — threads with signs from the small knots, rolled up in balls. small knots, rolled up in balls. Unwinding the ancient guidebook, Unwinding the ancient guidebook, Ivan read nodular records and thus Ivan read nodular records and thus learned how to reach a place. learned how to reach a place. Probably, Tsarevitches were Probably, Tsarevitches were undisciplined readers since return of undisciplined readers since return of balls on wood point of issue of the balls on wood point of issue of the fairy tale hold back. a monastery, lived fairy tale hold back. a monastery, lived in a cell at the archimandrite and it in a cell at the archimandrite and it was esteemed "a yak the scribe is kind was esteemed "a yak the scribe is kind

The legend says, as if a chernets — The legend says, as if a chernets — deacon Grigory Otrepyev, future False deacon Grigory Otrepyev, future False Dmitry of I, was the librarian of Dmitry of I, was the librarian of Chudovo and the copyist".Chudovo and the copyist".

In the library chronicle In the library chronicle persons, events were replaced, persons, events were replaced, estimates and on huge, the estimates and on huge, the millennia collected experience, millennia collected experience, were verified working were verified working receptions, library traditions receptions, library traditions were created. Along with the were created. Along with the talented handymen from talented handymen from century to century decorating century to century decorating and glorifying the native earth, and glorifying the native earth, the librarian always borrowed, the librarian always borrowed, and will take a special place as and will take a special place as it works in the field of culture it works in the field of culture spiritual.spiritual.

Russian state l ibraryRussian state l ibrary

Presidential l ibrary of B. N. Presidential l ibrary of B. N. YeltsinYeltsin

National l ibrary of FranceNational l ibrary of France

The New York Public LibraryThe New York Public Library

The Brit ish LibraryThe Brit ish Library