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Sedimentation and Sediment Chemistry, Neopit Mill Pond, Menominee Indian Reservation, Wisconsin, 2001

Prepared in cooperation with the Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin

Open File Report 03-23

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey

Sedimentation and Sediment Chemistry, Neopit Mill Pond, Menominee Indian Reservation, Wisconsin, 2001

By Faith A. Fitzpatrick and Marie C. Peppier

Prepared in cooperation with the Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin

Open-File Report 03-23Middleton, Wisconsin: 2003

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey

U.S. Department of the InteriorGale A. Norton, Secretary

U.S. Geological SurveyCharles G. Groat, Director

For additional information about this report, write to:District ChiefU.S. Geological Survey8505 Research WayMiddleton, Wl 53562-3586World Wide Web: http://wi.water.usgs.gov/

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Although this report is in the public domain, it contains copyrighted materials that are noted in the text. Permission to reproduce those items must be secured from the individual copyright owners.

Cover photograph shows the Menominee Enterprises, Inc. sawmill at Neopit, Wisconsin. From Milfred, C.J., Olson, G.W., and Hole, F.D., 1967, Soil resources and forest ecology of Menominee County, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin, Geological and Natural History Survey, Soil Survey Division, Bulletin 85, Soil Series No. 60, fig. 7, p. 25. Date of photo and photographer unknown.

Ill

Contents

Abstract.................................................................................................................................................... 1Introduction .................................................. 1

Purpose and scope............................................................................................................................ 1Description of study area................................................................................................................. 2Acknowledgments............................................................................................................................. 2

Study methods............................................................................................................................................ 2Review of historical documents...................................................................................................... 2Transect surveying and sediment coring....................................................................................... 2Sediment laboratory analyses......................................................................................................... 2

Physical characteristics.............................................................................................................. 2Radiometric age dating............................................................................................................... 3Minor and trace elements........................................................................................................... 3Organic compounds..................................................................................................................... 3Quality control............................................................................................................................... 3

Pre-dam topography and channel characteristics................................................................................. 3Post-dam sedimentation.............................................................................................................................Sediment chemistry.................................................................................................................................... 5

Minor and trace elements............................................................................................................... 5Organic compounds.......................................................................................................................5

Conclusions................................................................................................................................................... 6References cited.............................................................................................................................. 7Figures........................................................................................................................Tables . .. ... .. ..... ..... ........ ......... . .. . . ...... .. ........ .... . ......... . ....... ................ 19Appendix Tables............................................................................................................................... 23

A. Transect survey and sounding data......................................................................................... 24B. Core descriptions..................................................................................................................... 36C. Bulk density and organic content data.................................................................................... 49D. Radiometric dating results......................................................................................................... 50E. Minor- and trace-element data................................................................................................. 51F. Organic compound data................................................................................................... 55

IV

Figures1. Transect lines and core locations, Neopit Mill Pond, Neopit, Wis...................................... 82. Estimated location of pre-dam channel, Neopit Mill Pond.................................................... 93. Geologic cross sections, Neopit Mill Pond, November 2001 through July 2002

A. Cross section 2.................................................................................................................. 10B. Cross section 3.................................................................................................................. 10C. Cross section 4.................................................................................................................. 10D. Cross section 5.................................................................................................................. 11E. Cross section 7.................................................................................................................. 12F. Cross section 8.................................................................................................................. 12G. Cross section 9.................................................................................................................. 13H. Cross section 10................................................................................................................ 14I. Cross section 11................................................................................................................ 15J. Cross section 12................................................................................................................ 16K. Cross section 13................................................................................................................ 17L Cross section 14................................................................................................................ 17

4. Post-dam sediment thickness at core locations, Neopit Mill Pond, 2001......................... 18

Tables1. General Land Office Survey Notes from 1854 for the Neopit Mill Pond area................... 192. Worksheet for calculating volume and weight of post-dam sediment in

Neopit Mill Pond......................................................................................................................... 203. Organic compounds detected in Neopit Mill Pond sediment (concentrations

normalized to 1 percent total organic carbon) and consensus-based sediment quality guidelines........................................................................................................................ 21

Appendix TablesA. Transect survey and sounding data

A1. Altitudes of land surface and hard and soft.bottom and descriptive notesfor transect 2............................................................................................................................... 24

A2. Altitudes of land surface and hard and soft bottom and descriptive notesfor transect 3............................................................................................................................... 25

A3. Altitudes of land surface and hard and soft bottom and descriptive notesfor transect 4............................................................................................................................... 26

A4. Altitudes of land surface and hard and soft bottom and descriptive notesfor transect 5............................................................................................................................... 27

A5. Altitudes of land surface and hard and soft bottom and descriptive notesfor transect 7...............................................................................................................................28

A6. Altitudes of land surface and hard and soft bottom and descriptive notesfor transect 8............................................................................................................................... 29

A7. Altitudes of land surface and hard and soft bottom and descriptive notesfor transect 9............................................................................................................................... 30

A8. Altitudes of land surface and hard and soft bottom and descriptive notesfor transect 10............................................................................................................................ 31

A9. Altitudes of land surface and hard and soft bottom and descriptive notesfor transect 11............................................................................................................................. 32

A10. Altitudes of land surface and hard and soft bottom and descriptive notesfor transect 12.............................................................................................................................33

All. Altitudes of land surface and hard and soft bottom and descriptive notesfor transect 13.............................................................................................................................34

A12. Altitudes of land surface and hard and soft bottom and descriptive notesfor transect 14.............................................................................................................................35

B. Core descriptionsB1. Core descriptions for core 1..................................................................................................... 36B2. Core descriptions for core 2..................................................................................................... 37B3. Core descriptions for core 3..................................................................................................... 39B4. Core descriptions for core 4..................................................................................................... 40B5. Core descriptions for core 5..................................................................................................... 41B6. Core descriptions for core 6..................................................................................................... 42B7. Core descriptions for core 7..................................................................................................... 44B8. Core descriptions for core 8..................................................................................................... 46B9. Core descriptions for core 9..................................................................................................... 47

BIO. Core descriptions for core 10................................................................................................... 48C. Bulk density and organic content data

C1. Bulk density and organic matter data for core samples collected from NeopitMill Pond, Neopit, Wis., 2001.................................................................................................... 49

D. Radiometric dating resultsD1. Radiometric dating results for core samples collected from Neopit Mill Pond,

Neopit, Wise., 2001..................................................................................................................... 50E. Minor- and trace-element data

E1. Minor and trace element results for core samples from Neopit Mill Pond,Neopit, Wise., 2001..................................................................................................................... 51

F. Organic compound dataF1. Organic compounds detected in core samples collected from Neopit Mill

Pond, Neopit, Wise., 2001.......................................................................................................... 55F2. Organic compounds not detected in core samples collected from Neopit Mill

Pond, Neopit, Wise., 2001.......................................................................................................... 58

VI

Conversion Factors, Vertical Datum, and Abbreviated Units of Measurement

Multiplyinch (in.)inch (in.)

foot (ft)acre

mile (mi)square foot (ft2)

square mile (mi2)cubic foot (ft3)

cubic yard (yd3)pound (Ib)pound (Ib)ton (short)

By25.4

2.540.30480.40481.6090.092942.590

35.3141.308

453.6.4536

0.9072

To Obtainmillimetercentimetermeterhectarekilometersquare metersquare kilometercubic metercubic metergramkilogrammegagram

Temperature, in degrees Celsius (°C) can be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) by use of the following equation: °F=1.8(°C) + 32.

Vertical datum: In this report, "sea level" refers to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD of 1929), a geodetic datum derived from a general adjustment of the first-order level nets of both the United States and Canada, formerly called Sea Level Datum of 1929.

Abbreviated units of measurement used in this report: Sediment sample weight is given in grams. Bulk density is given in pounds per cubic foot (lb/ft3) and grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3). Sediment chemical concentration is given in micrograms per gram (/ig/g), grams per kilogram (g/kg), or percent.

Sedimentation and Sediment Chemistry, Neopit Mill Pond, Menominee Indian Reservation, Wisconsin, 2001

by Faith A. Fitzpatrick and Marie C. Peppier

Abstract

The volume, texture, and chemistry of sediment deposited in a mill pond on the West Branch of the Wolf River at Neopit, Wis., Menominee Reservation, were studied in 2001-2002. The study was accomplished by examining General Land Office Survey Notes from 1854, establishing 12 transects through the mill pond, conducting soundings of the soft and hard bottom along each transect, and collecting core samples for preliminary screening of potential contaminants. Com­ bined information from transects, cores, and General Land Office Survey notes were used to reconstruct the pre-dam location of the West Branch of the Wolf River through the mill pond. Neopit Mill Pond contains approximately 253 acre-ft of organic-rich muck, on average about 1.2 ft thick, that was deposited after the dam was built. Elevated concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with cre­ osote and pentachlorophenol were found in post-dam sediment samples collected from Neopit Mill Pond. Trace-element con­ centrations were at or near background concentrations. Further study and sampling are needed to identify the spatial extent and variability of the PAHs, pentachlorophenol, and other byprod­ ucts from wood preservatives.

Photograph of the Menominee Enterprise, Inc. sawmill at Neopit, Wis. Date and photographer unknown (Milfred and others, 1967, p. 25).

Introduction

Neopit Mill Pond is located on the West Branch of the Wolf River at Neopit, Wis., Menominee Reservation (fig. 1). The dam for the mill pond was constructed in 1907 and the mill pond has been used in the past to store logs used in the Menom­ inee Enterprise, Inc. sawmill located on the northeast side of the pond. A severe storm in 1905 damaged about 40 million board ft of hardwood-hemlock west of Neopit along the West Branch (Milfred and others, 1967). An Act of 1906 allowed the Menominee Tribe to log the timber under supervision of Gov­ ernment experts, create lumber mills, and sell lumber (Milfred and others, 1967). The lumber mill and mill pond at Neopit were constructed soon after these events. At the time of this study, the future of the dam is not known, and there is some possibility that the dam may be removed or upgraded and the stream restored or rehabilitated. Knowledge of the volume and chemical characteristics of the impounded sediment are needed prior to the removal of the dam or stream restoration. A cooperative study between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin was done in 2001-2002 to estimate the volume, texture, and chem­ istry of sediment deposited in Neopit mill pond. The objectives of this study were to: (1) identify and describe the pre-dam channel of the West Branch of the Wolf River; (2) estimate the volume and describe the texture of post-dam sediment in Neopit Mill Pond; and (3) describe the chemistry of post-dam sediment in the mill pond.

Purpose and Scope

The purpose of this report is to describe the findings from the study of sedimentation and sediment chemistry of Neopit Mill Pond. This report presents the results of the analysis of General Land Office Survey Notes, an estimate of pre-dam channel planform through the pond, results from soundings and surveys, core descriptions, estimates of post-dam sediment

2 Sedimentation and Sediment Chemistry, Neopit Mill Pond, Menominee Indian Reservation, Wisconsin, 2001

volume and weight, and results from preliminary screening of minor and trace elements and organic compounds in post-dam sediment.

Description of Study Area

Neopit Mill Pond is on the north side of Neopit, Wis., in the Menominee Indian Reservation. The pond has an area of 202 acres and a maximum depth of 10 ft. Two main tributaries enter the pond from the north (West Branch of the Wolf River) and the west (Little West Branch of the Wolf River). Neopit Mill Pond is surrounded by sandy glacial outwash and till and the topography is rolling to hilly (Milfred and others, 1967). Soils near the pond and in the watershed are composed of loams, sandy loams, and peat (Milfred and others, 1967). Vegetation in the watershed upstream of the pond mainly consists of northern hardwoods, hemlock-hardwoods, and swamp conifers (Milfred and others, 1967).

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Heather Arthur, Douglas Cox, and Jeremy Pyatskowit of the Environmental Services Department of the Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin for their exhaus­ tive field data collection efforts. They collected all the sound­ ing data and greatly assisted with collecting cores and survey­ ing. Matt Diebel (USGS) assisted with surveying and coring. Technical reviewers were Douglas Cox (Menominee Tribe Environmental Services), Herbert Gam (USGS), and Thomas Janisch (Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources). Janisch also provided insight on potential contaminants associated with wood preservatives and lumber mills in Wis­ consin. Michelle Greenwood (USGS), Susan Jones (USGS), and Jen Bruce (USGS) provided editorial and graphic support.

Study Methods

This study involved examining historical documents, surveying 12 transects in the mill pond, determining the pre- dam land surface through soundings, collecting several cores along the transects, and analyzing subsamples of cores for analysis of organic content, minor and trace elements, organic compounds, and radiometric dating. Data were collected from November 2001 through July 2002.

Review of Historical Documents

Copies of original General Land Office (GLO) Survey Notes were obtained from the State of Wisconsin, Board of Commissioners of Public Lands for two townships: Township 29 North, Range 14 East and Township 29 North, Range 13 East. Notes for both townships are from 1854.

Transect Surveying and Sediment Coring

Data from transect surveys and sediment coring pro­ vided quantitative information on sedimentation and sediment geochemistry. Twelve transects (fig. 1) were placed along the pond at a spacing of about 1,000 ft. Depths to soft and hard sediment were measured by use of a sounding pole in impounded areas. An auto level was used to extend the transect data from below the water surface along the shoreline of the pond. Each transect end was marked with a semi-perma­ nent marker such as rebar or pipe or painted trees. A "total sta­ tion" surveying level was used to determine the elevations of the markers at each transect end point. Transect elevation data were referenced to a Wisconsin Department of Transportation benchmark on the railroad bed at Neopit (the benchmark has an altitude of 1,068 ft based on the 1982 USGS 7.5-minute quadrangle map, fig. 2). A global positioning system was used to verify the location of each transect and core.

The thickness, texture, geochemistry, and age of sedi­ ment in the pond were examined in cores collected with two devices a geoprobe (2-in. diameter) and a piston corer (3-in. diameter). Ten cores were collected in March 2001 when the mill pond was frozen. The cores were examined in the field or at the USGS laboratory in Middleton, Wis. for color (Munsell Color, 1975), and field determination of texture was done by rubbing sediment between the fingers and use of the U.S. Department of Agriculture textural triangle (Soil Survey Staff, SCS, 1951). Samples were taken from a subset of side-by-side cores collected at sites 1,2, 6, and 7 for preliminary analysis of water content, organic matter, minor and trace elements, organic compounds, and radiometric dating at USGS labora­ tories. Subsamples and cores were chilled or frozen during transport from the mill pond to the USGS in Middleton, where they were immediately frozen and archived upon arrival.

Sediment Laboratory Analyses

Physical Characteristics

Physical characteristics measured included water content and organic matter content (loss on ignition) for two samples

Pre-Dam Topography and Channel Characteristics 3

from core 1, one sample from core 2, and eight samples from core 7 (table Cl). Water and organic matter content were ana­ lyzed at the USGS laboratory in Middleton. Water content was measured by use of standard American Society for Testing and Materials Procedure D2216-92, except that sample sizes were less than 20 g wet weight due to the small sample size. Percent­ age dry weight was determined by measuring weight loss after24 hours at 105°C. Organic matter content was determined by weight loss after ashing at 550°C for 1 hour (methods described in Dean, 1974). Dry bulk density was calculated by use of the formula:

p = (D(2.5IX + 1.6CX ))/(D + (1-D) (2.5IX + 1.6CX)),(1)

where p is dry bulk density (g cm"3), x is depth in the core, D is the proportion dry weight of unit wet volume, I is inorganic proportion of dry material (assuming a density of

^

2.5 g cm ), and C is organic proportion of dry material

(assuming a density of 1.6 g cm"3).

Radiometric Age Dating

Radiometric age dating included the analysis of six samples for 210Pb, 137Cs, and 226Ra (table Dl). The 210Pb dating technique is based on the escape of radon from the Earth and the subsequent decay of this radioactive gas into 210Pb. This technique is most suitable for dating material up to a maximum age of about 150 years because the half-life of 210Pb is approximately 22 years (Olsson, 1986). To account for some of the variability associated with possible fluctuation in the sources of lead or inhomogeneous sediment, 226Ra also was analyzed in each of the samples. Optimally, samples from sed­ iment more than 150 years old are collected to measure local background concentrations of 210Pb supplied to the sediment from decay of uranium minerals (Olsson, 1986). 137Cs was first detected in 1945, and in 1954 the first increase occurred in the Northern Hemisphere, corresponding to increased nuclear weapon testing (Krishnaswami and Lal, 1978). In 1960 a minimum occurred, followed by a maximum in 1963. With the signing of the atmospheric nuclear test ban treaty, atmospheric contributions have dropped off substantially (Olsson, 1986).

1 "^"7

A date of 1963 is assigned to the sample with the highest Cs activity.

Minor and Trace Elements

Two samples from core 1 and one sample each from cores 2 and 7 were submitted to the USGS National Water- Quality Laboratory, Denver, Colo. for analyses of minor and trace elements in sediment (table El). The piston core tube was composed of Lexane and the geoprobe cores had plastic liners.

The cores were subsampled with plastic equipment and sam­ ples stored in plastic jars. Samples were not sieved. Samples were frozen prior to shipping. All elements except sulfur were analyzed by use of inductively coupled plasma-mass spec- trometry (Briggs and Meier, 1999). Sulfur was anaylzed by methods described in Jackson and others (1985) and Jackson and others (1987). Total digestions were done.

Organic Compounds

Four samples from core 1, two samples from core 2, and 1 sample from core 7 were analyzed for organic compounds at the USGS National Water-Quality Laboratory (tables Fl and F2). Compounds analyzed for included pesticides and metabo­ lites, semi-volatile organic substances, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chlorinated and nonchlorinated phe­ nols, benzenes, ethanes, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DOT and metabolites, phthalate esters, nitrosamines, and halomethanes. Subsamples were collected from the cores by use of stainless steel equipment and samples were stored in glass jars. Jars were frozen after subsampling. Samples were not sieved. Laboratory methodology is detailed in Fishman (1993), Foreman and others (1995), and Furlong and others (1996).

Quality Control

Quality control procedures included collecting duplicate cores and approximately 15 percent replicate samples for lab­ oratory analysis. Quality control measures at the USGS labo­ ratories included comparisons to standard reference materials, spikes, and duplicates (Pirkey and Glodt, 1998).

Pre-Dam Topography and Channel Characteristics

A combination of the 1854 GLO notes and transect and core data (figs. 1 and 3; tables A1-A12, B1-B10) were used to reconstruct the location of the West Branch of the Wolf River. Estimated planforms for the West Branch and its tributary, the Little West Branch, are shown on figure 2. Three section lines bisect the mill pond. There was generally good agreement between the location of the channel from the GLO notes and the lowest elevation for the hard bottom (interpreted to be channel bottom) found along transects nearest to the section lines (fig. 3). There are some potential alternative locations for the channel or possibility that the channel was braided or con­ tained islands. The presence of peat-like sediment in some of

4 Sedimentation and Sediment Chemistry, Neopit Mill Pond, Menominee Indian Reservation, Wisconsin, 2001

the cores suggests that part of the mill pond was previously wetland or lowland, making it difficult to pinpoint the exact location of the channel, especially where the two tributaries join.

The GLO notes give some indication of the width, depth, and type of sediment in the pre-dam channel in 1854 observed along section lines (table 1). The West Branch of the Wolf River through the impounded section was about 46-66 ft wide, 1-2 ft deep, and most likely gravel bottom. The Little West Branch was about 40 ft wide and is noted as having rapid current and high banks near the upstream end of the mill pond along the section line between sections 24 and 19. Down­ stream of the mill pond, the West Branch of the Wolf River was 109 ft wide, 1-2 ft deep, and had a sandy bottom.

The altitude of the pre-dam channel bottom of the West Branch of the Wolf River ranged from about 1,038 ft near the location of the dam (transects 13 and 14), to 1,049 ft near the north side of the mill pond at transect 7 (figs. 3E, 3K, and 3L). The Little West Branch pre-dam channel bottom ranged from an altitude of about 1,043 ft at its confluence with the West Branch of the Wolf River near transect 9 to about 1,046 ft near the west end of the mill pond at transect 2. The value of 1,046 ft for the west end is uncertain because of the lack of core data from transects 2 and 3. The hard bottom altitude for these transects can be used as an approximate indicator of the pre-dam topography because the sounding pole penetrated the pre-dam peat deposits that were present in this area, as shown in core 7 from transect 4.

Post-Dam Sedimentation

Figure 4 shows the estimated thickness of post-dam sediment at each of the core locations. Post-dam sediment is composed of organic-rich muck with or without wood pieces. Characteristics of the pre- and post-dam deposits at each core location are shown along the transects in figures 3A-L. A common stratigraphic sequence of the deposits is about 1 ft of organic-rich muck with large wood pieces near the base of the unit, underlain by pre-dam deposits of peat, sand, or sand and gravel. Large wood pieces were most prevalent in cores nearest to the lumber mill. The pre-dam peat deposit is thickest toward the western side of the pond near core 7.

The presence of wood pieces in loamy sand sometimes found below the organic muck in cores 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, and 10 was somewhat confusing because the sand is interpreted to have been deposited before the mill pond and lumber mill were constructed. The wood found in sandy deposits below the organic-rich muck may be related to the 1905 storm and

related damaged timber in the West Branch drainage basin but also may be related to earlier logging, log drives, or older storms. Buried A horizons were also identified in cores 2 and 10 and likely represent old flood-plain surfaces. It is likely that during floods some of the organic-rich muck was eroded in the narrow reach of the pond upstream of the dam (for example transects 12, 13, and 14).

As stated in the previous section, the hard bottom alti­ tudes based on soundings are sometimes deeper than inter­ preted pre-dam land surface based on core data (fig. 3). The sounding pole tended to extend into pre-dam deposits if they were composed of peat or loamy, organic-rich sand. However, sometimes the sounding pole would stop because of the pres­ ence of large wood pieces typically found at the base of the post-dam sediment, associated with debris coming off of the logs as they were stored in the mill pond prior to use at the lumber mill. The sounding pole correctly marked the altitude of the pre-dam surface if the muck was directly underlain by sand and gravel, such as in cores 4 and 5.

Cores collected in shallow water (cores 4 and 7) showed some disagreement between the top of sediment as measured by coring (February and March 2001) and that determined from sounding (summer 2001). It is thought that this is because the water was shallow enough that the entire water column was frozen down to the soft bottom. This means that there was potential for some of the top of the core to be lost from augering a hole in the ice.

The results from analysis of 210Pb, 137Cs, and 226Ra for samples from core 7 were not helpful for determining sedi­ mentation rates in the mill pond (table Dl). The lack of a Cs peak most likely indicates that the sediment at this site possi­ bly was subjected to mixing by wave action or bioturbation. Also, it is not known how much water levels varied in the mill pond historically.

A very rough estimate of the volume and weight of organic-rich muck associated with post-dam sedimentation can be made by averaging the depth of post-dam sediment at each transect (based mainly on the core data) and multiplying it by the average width of each transect and the length of mill pond that it represents (table 2). Dry bulk density of the organic-rich muck is estimated to be about 6.9 lbs/ft3 based on the average of bulk density calculated from subsamples (table Cl). The bulk density is quite low because of the high water content of the muck (generally about 90 percent) and substan­ tial amount of organic matter (34-58 percent) (table Cl). The sum of areas calculated for each transect is 211 acres, in close approximation to the listed size of 202 acres by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. The mill pond is estimated to contain about 253 acre-ft (408,700 yds3 or 38,000 tons) of post-dam related sediment. This estimate could be further

Sediment Chemistry 5

refined by collecting additional core data and refining the sounding techniques to only penetrate the organic-rich muck.

Sediment Chemistry

A small set of archived subsamples (four samples from three cores for analysis of minor and trace elements and seven samples from three cores for analysis of organic compounds) was submitted for laboratory analysis of minor and trace ele­ ments and synthetic organic chemicals for preliminary identi­ fication of potential contaminants in the impounded sediment. The results from these analyses do not represent a complete range of concentrations of potential contaminants within Neo- pit Mill Pond. Instead, they are useful for preliminary screen­ ing and to help guide future sediment-chemistry sampling.

Minor and Trace Elements

Concentrations of the minor and trace-element in organic- rich muck (post-dam sediment) from Neopit Mill Pond were generally within the range of concentrations observed for stre- ambed sediment samples collected from eight sites along the Wolf River and its tributaries, although there are a few excep­ tions (Scudder and others, 1997; Gam and others, 2001). Table El contains a comparison of element concentrations in Neopit Mill Pond and other Wolf River tributaries, as well as consensus-based sediment guidelines for aquatic life (thresh­ old and probable effects concentrations, TEC and PEC, respec­ tively) for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mer­ cury, nickel, and zinc (MacDonald and others, 2000). Concentrations of arsenic, copper, mercury, and nickel in all Neopit Mill Pond sediment samples were within the concentra­ tion range for Wolf River streambed sediment and below the TECs. Cadmium and zinc concentrations were slightly higher in Neopit Mill Pond than in Wolf River streambed sediment, and two samples (core 1 and core 7) had concentrations just above the TEC. A chromium concentration from a core 7 sample was above the range of concentrations from Wolf River streambed sediment and above the TEC. Lead concentrations were within the range of concentrations from Wolf River stre­ ambed sediment, but one sample from core 1 was above the lead TEC. All sediment concentrations were below the PECs for the same eight elements.

Organic Compounds

Several organic compounds were detected in Neopit Mill Pond (table Fl). Table F2 contains the list of organic

compounds that were analyzed for but not detected in the Neo­ pit Mill-Pond samples. Unlike minor and trace elements, these compounds were not analyzed previously by the USGS for streambed sediment at other sites in the Wolf River basin. The minimum reporting limits for some of the compounds are high because the sample size was smaller than the optimum sample size required by the laboratory (for example, fluorene). Detected concentrations are given as estimates if sample size was smaller than that required by the laboratory to meet quality-assurance guidelines.

Several of the organic compounds have sediment quality guidelines for aquatic life (Washington State, 1991; Persaud and others, 1993; Canadian Council of Ministers of the Envi­ ronment, 1999; MacDonald and others, 2000; Janisch and oth­ ers, 2002). The TECs and PECs for these compounds are listed in table 3. Janisch and others (2002) contains a compendium of TECs and PECs for PAHs and other organic compounds that are used to assess sediment quality in Wisconsin lakes and streams based on previous studies by Washington State (1991), Persaud and others (1993), Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (1999), and MacDonald and others (2000). In order to compare organic compounds to the TECs and PECs on a common basis, compound concentrations shown in table 3 are normalized to 1 percent total organic carbon. Samples from Neopit Mill Pond ranged from 18 to 29 percent organic carbon, which has a significant effect on lowering the normal­ ized concentrations (and potential toxicity) of some of the organic compounds to values below TECs and PECs.

Concentrations of four organic compounds in sediment were above the consensus-based sediment quality guidelines for aquatic life (table 3). Concentrations of acenapthene and acenapthylene were above the TEC in samples from cores 1 and 2. One sample from core 1 had a napthalene concentration slightly above the TEC. This same sample from core 1 had concentrations of pentachlorophenol almost twice that of the draft Wisconsin PEC from Janisch and others (2002). This sample came from the core interval of 0.50-0.55 ft, or an actual depth of 1.06-1.22 ft when corrected with core recovery ratio, and also contained the highest concentrations of acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, anthracene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[ghi]perylene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, carbazole, chrysene, fluoranthene, indeno[l,2,3-cd]pyrene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, and di-n-butyl phthalate (table Fl). Although no sediment guidelines are available, p-cresol concentrations in the bottom of core 2 were over twice the concentrations in core 1 and the top of core 2, and in core 7 p-cresol concentrations were over 10 times higher than in core 1 (table Fl).

6 Sedimentation and Sediment Chemistry, Neopit Mill Pond, Menominee Indian Reservation, Wisconsin, 2001

Most of the organic compounds detected in sediment from the pond are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and are found, along with a number of other organic com­ pounds, in creosote, a common wood preservative (Awata and others, 1998; Brooks, 2000). Creosote is a distillate derived from coal tar produced by the carbonization of coal, and con­ sists of at least 160 liquid and solid aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (Brooks, 2000). PAHs are also are released during forest fires and home wood burning and may be naturally found in high concentrations in peat. When released to water, many PAHs readily sorb to particulate matter and dissolved organic matter (Awata and others, 1998). The environmental fate of the compounds is determined by rates of adsorption, volatilization, and biodegradation. Some are carcinogenic, are listed by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) as toxic hazardous waste, and may bioaccumulate in aquatic life. Some studies have shown that aquatic life and ani­ mals (including humans) may rapidly metabolize or excrete PAHs, thus confounding the relations between more persistent PAHs and biomagnification through the food chain (Brooks, 2000). Concentrations of the PAHs associated with wood pre­ servatives and burning would be expected to be highest in cores 1 and 2 near the lumber mill, because historically, wood preservatives were used at the lumber mill and the mill cur­ rently burns wood. It is not known why a sample from core 7 had higher concentrations of p-cresol than samples from cores 1 and 2.

Pentachlorophenol (penta) is another commonly used wood preservative that was used at the Neopit lumber mill in the 1970s. It is not thought to occur naturally (Brooks, 2000). Penta may be dissolved in water or sorb onto particulate mat­ ter. It degrades through chemical, microbiological, and photo­ chemical processes, thus the ultimate fate, toxicity, and bioac- cumulation potential are highly dependent on local physical, chemical, and biological conditions. The complex processes involved in the persistence of penta in sediment may be why only one sample from this study contained detectable concen­ trations of the preservative, and why it had elevated concentra­ tions. Alternatively, this sampled interval may represent the period when penta was used at the lumber mill. There seems to be more complexity to the spatial distribution of penta com­ pared to the distribution of PAHs detected in sediment from the mill pond. Dioxins and furans have been found in dis­ charges from other wood treatment facilities that used penta (Janisch and others, 2002). Samples were not analyzed for dioxin and furans in this study.

Additional analyses of organic compounds in sediment from Neopit Mill Pond are needed to better determine the spatial extent and concentration of PAHs, penta, and possibly other contaminants and byproducts that are associated with

wood preservatives. The possible occurrence of dioxin and furans needs investigation. The potential transport of organic compounds to the water column and aquatic life also needs investigation and fish tissue should be analyzed. It would also be helpful to have more information on the history of the wood preservatives used at the lumber mill.

Conclusions

The following conclusions can be made from this study of sedimentation and sediment chemistry at Neopit Mill Pond:

Combined information from transects, cores, and General Land Office Survey Notes were useful for reconstructing the pre-dam location of the West Branch of the Wolf River through Neopit Mill Pond. The probable pre-dam location of the channel was mapped by use of a combination of the above three sources of data. Core data indicated that pole soundings overestimated the depth to the pre-dam land surface (hard bottom) if pre-dam deposits were composed of peat or loamy sand.

Approximately 253 acre-ft (408,700 yds3) of sediment have been deposited in Neopit Mill Pond after the dam was constructed in 1907. Post-dam sediment is composed of organic-rich muck, on average about 1.2 ft thick. Post-dam sediment has a water content of about 79-93 percent and an organic matter content of about 35-58 percent. The mill pond contains about 38,000 tons (dry weight) of post-dam sediment. Large pieces of wood are abundant in the sedi­ ment, especially near the dam and lumber mill.

Elevated concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocar­ bons (PAHs) associated with creosote and pentachlo- rophenol (both commonly used wood preservatives) were found in samples from three cores from Neopit Mill Pond. Trace-element concentrations were at or near background concentrations.

Further study is needed to identify the spatial extent and variability of the PAHs, pentachlorophenol, and other byproducts from wood preservatives. Potential effects of these contaminants on the water column and aquatic life need more investigation to guide future restoration efforts.

References Cited 7

References Cited

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hard

bot

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ss s

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d co

re l

ocat

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are

sho

wn

on f

ig.

1.

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AT

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Figu

re 3

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gic

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ctio

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ovem

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thr

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02.

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5, (

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9, (

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, (I)

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11,

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cros

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ion

13,

(L)

cros

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. D

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t so

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lines

rep

rese

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urre

nt (

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how

n on

fig

. 1.

EX

PL

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AT

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- S

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Figu

re 3

. G

eolo

gic

cros

s se

ctio

ns,

Neo

pit

Mill

Pon

d, N

ovem

ber

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thr

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(A)

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9, (

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88°

51'

44°

59

44

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yr

,1.6

EX

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AN

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Pos

t-dam

sed

imen

t th

ickn

ess

at c

ore

loca

tions

, in

fee

t

0.5 I

1 M

ILE

S

J

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TE

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Bas

e fr

om 1

:24,

000

U.S

. G

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l S

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pogr

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pit Q

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angl

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982,

T

owns

hip

29 N

orth

Figu

re 4

. Pos

t-da

m s

edim

ent t

hick

ness

at c

ore

loca

tions

, N

eopi

t Mill

Pon

d, N

eopi

t, 20

01.

Tabl

e 1.

Gen

eral

Lan

d O

ffice

Sur

vey

Not

es fr

om 1

854

for t

he N

eopi

t M

ill P

ond

area

[ft,

feet

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cal

cula

ted

from

sur

vey

unit

of m

easu

re li

nks

whe

re 1

lin

k =

0.66

fee

t; --

, no

info

rmat

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give

n]

Sect

ion

line

T29N

, R14

E, s

ectio

ns 2

0 an

d 21

T29N

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9 an

d 20

T29N

, R14

E, s

ectio

ns 1

7 an

d 20

T29N

, R14

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ectio

ns 1

8 an

d 19

T29N

, R13

E, s

ectio

n 24

, and

T29

N, R

14E,

Stre

am n

ame

Wes

t Bra

nch

Wol

f Riv

er

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t Bra

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108.

9

46.2 9.9

66.0

39.6

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de

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1-2

1-2 - 1-2

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dim

ent

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arks

sand

y

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sand

y

grav

elly

rapi

d cu

rren

t, hi

gh b

anks

sect

ion

19

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, R13

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ectio

n 13

, and

T29

N, R

14E,

se

ctio

n 18

Wes

t Bra

nch

Wol

f Riv

er39

.6

Tab

le 2

. Wor

kshe

et fo

r ca

lcul

atin

g vo

lum

e an

d w

eigh

t of

post

-dam

sed

imen

t in

Neo

pit

Mill

Pon

d [ft

, fe

et;

g, g

ram

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ntim

eter

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s, p

ound

s]P

ost-

dam

M

ap

Sou

ndin

g A

vera

ge

sedi

men

t tr

anse

ct

tran

sect

tr

anse

ct

Tra

nsec

tT

rans

ect

num

ber

2 3 4 5 9 10 11 12 13 14

Tot

als

for

impo

undm

ent

Are

a (a

cres

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sed

imen

t (ft

3)V

olum

e of

sed

imen

t (a

cre-

ft)V

olum

e of

sed

imen

t (y

ds3)

Ave

rage

dry

bul

k de

nsity

(g/

cm3)

Ave

rage

dry

bul

k de

nsity

(Ib

s/ft3

) ,

Wei

ght o

f dry

sed

imen

t (to

ns)

dept

h (f

t)

wid

th (

ft)

wid

th (

ft)

wid

th (

ft)

leng

th (

ft)2.

02.

01.

61.

01.

80.

70.

71.

42.

32.

3

212

1 1

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253

408,

699

0.11

04

6.89

338

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300

400

650

1,60

01,

700

1,90

01,

600

450

250

300

450

600

650

1,60

01,

800

na1,

550

500

250

300

375

500

650

1,60

01,

750

1,90

01,

575

475

250

300

463

513

850

975

1,22

51,

250

1,20

01,

175

725

450

Tra

nsec

tar

ea (

ft2)

173,

438

256,

250

552,

500

1,56

0,00

02

,14

3,7

50

2,3

75

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01,

890,

000

558,1

25

181,

250

135,

000

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ndT

rans

ect

area

, no

Tra

nsec

tar

ea (

ft2)

is

land

s (f

t2)

volu

me

(ft3

)0 0

22,5

00 0

160,

000

225,0

00

200,0

00 0 0 0

173,

438

256,

250

530,

000

1,56

0,00

01,

983,

750

2,1

50

,00

01

,690

,000

558,

125

181,

250

135,

000

346,

875

512,

500

848,

000

1 ,56

0,00

03,

570,

750

1,50

5,00

01,

183,

000

781

,375

416,

875

310,

500

Tabl

e 3.

Org

anic

com

poun

ds d

etec

ted

in N

eopi

t M

ill P

ond

sedi

men

t (c

once

ntra

tions

nor

mal

ized

to

1 pe

rcen

t to

tal o

rgan

ic c

arbo

n) a

nd c

onse

nsus

-bas

edse

dim

ent q

ualit

y gu

idel

ines

[ft,

feet

; g,

gra

m;

kg, k

ilogr

am; |

ug, m

icro

gram

; E, e

stim

ated

; na

, not

ava

ilabl

e; U

SGS,

U.S

. Geo

logi

cal

Surv

ey. I

nter

val

top

and

botto

m d

epth

s ar

e no

t cor

rect

ed f

or r

ecov

ery

ratio

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esho

ld a

nd p

roba

ble

effe

ct c

once

ntra

tions

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fro

m J

anis

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ased

on

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es in

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ald

and

othe

rs (

2000

),C

anad

ian

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ncil

of M

inis

ters

of t

he E

nvir

onm

ent (

1999

), Pe

rsau

d an

d ot

hers

(19

93),

and

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hing

ton

Stat

e (1

991)

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ntac

hlor

ophe

nol T

EC

s an

d PE

Cs

are

draf

t gu

idel

ines

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e ta

ble

Fl

for

full

list o

f det

ecte

d co

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unds

with

unn

orm

aliz

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once

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tions

.]

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CO

£ o

0

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600

2c

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hres

hold

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conc

entr

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~f a o 4

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0.00

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Tabl

e 3.

Org

anic

com

poun

ds d

etec

ted

in N

eopi

t M

ill P

ond

sedi

men

t (c

once

ntra

tions

nor

mal

ized

to 1

per

cent

tota

l org

anic

car

bon)

and

con

sens

us-b

ased

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men

t qua

lity

guid

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ontin

ued

[ft,

feet

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gra

m;

kg, k

ilogr

am;

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mic

rogr

am;

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ated

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ava

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e; U

SGS,

U.S

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eolo

gica

l Su

rvey

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terv

al t

op a

nd b

otto

m d

epth

s ar

e no

t cor

rect

ed f

or r

ecov

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Thr

esho

ld a

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ble

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ct c

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ntra

tions

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fro

m J

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Appendix Tables

24

Table A1 . Altitudes of land surface and hard and soft bottom and descriptive notes for transect 2.Based on survey and sounding data collected in 2001 and 2002.[ft, feet; LEW, left edge of water; REW, right edge of water]

Distance from left side (ft)

0.066.0129.0171.0219.0453.0

Altitude of soft bottom

(ft)

1,049.71,048.51,048.41,049.71,050.0

Altitude of hard bottom

(ft)1,050.01,044.41,046.51,044.91,045.11,050.0

DescriptionLEW

REW

25

Table A2. Altitudes of land surface and hard and soft bottom and descriptive notes for transect 3.Based on survey and sounding data collected in 2001 and 2002.[ft, feet; LEW, left edge of water; REW, right edge of water]

Distance from left side (ft)

0.00.02.411.072.6134.3195.9257.6319.2380.9442.5504.1565.8584.3642.5631.8631.8

Altitude of soft bottom

(ft)

1,048.81,049.31,047.61,049.21,049.31,049.21,049.01,049.31,049.41,048.0

Altitude of hard bottom

(ft)1,053.61,052.91,052.71,050.01,044.01,040.71,042.51,043.71,043.71,041.01,041.01,043.01,049.41,044.71,050.01,052.01,053.6

DescriptiontopofrebaratRP3-lground surface at RP3-1top of bankLEWfairly softvery soft (muck)in channelsolid bottomvery solid bottombottom becoming softer

hard bottomall gravel, old railroad bed

REWground and top of bank at RP3-2top of rebar at RP3-2

26

Table A3. Altitudes of land surface and hard and soft bottom and descriptive notes for transect 4.Based on survey and sounding data collected in 2001 and 2002.[ft, feet; LEW, left edge of water; REW, right edge of water]

Distance from left side (ft)

0.030.730.788.9147.1205.2263.4321.6379.8437.9496.1554.3612.5670.7692.3699.7728.7728.7

Altitude of soft bottom

(ft)

1,047.11,047.31,047.71,047.61,047.61,047.41,047.41,047.61,047.11,047.91,049.4

Altitude of hard bottom

(ft)1,053.21,052.71,050.11,040.81,041.11,041.01,041.61,041.51,040.61,041.31,042.11,042.31,043.91,045.81,050.11,052.01,052.61,053.3

DescriptiontopofrebaratRP4-ltop of bankLEW

REWtop of bankground at RP4-2topofrebaratRP4-2

27

Table A4. Altitudes of land surface and hard and soft bottom and descriptive notes for transect 5.Based on survey and sounding data collected in 2001 and 2002.[ft, feet; LEW, left edge of water; REW, right edge of water]

Distance from left side (ft)

0.00.013.4

103.4193.4283.5373.5463.5553.5643.5733.6823.6913.6

1,003.61,093.61,183.71,243.71,333.71,423.71,513.71,603.81,674.41,682.71,682.7

Altitude of soft bottom

(ft)

1,043.91,043.61,044.11,043.91,044.01,044.01,043.91,044.91,046.11,046.91,047.41,047.51,048.31,048.31,048.41,048.81,048.41,048.3

Altitude of hard bottom

(ft)1,054.01,053.71,049.91,040.11,039.91,040.41,040.41,040.91,040.71,038.91,039.71,041.21,042.61,043.41,043.91,040.81,044.01,042.01,042.51,043.81,045.91,049.91,053.61,054.0

DescriptiontopofrebaratRP5-lground surface at RP5-1 and top of bankLEWsoft

hard bottom

peaty layer

hard bottom

very softmore solid

hard brush layer (over old railroad bed)hard brush layer (over old railroad bed)REWground surface at RP5-2top of rebar at RP5-2

28

Table A5. Altitudes of land surface and hard and soft bottom and descriptive notes for transect 7.Based on survey and sounding data collected in 2001 and 2002.[ft, feet; LEW, left edge of water; REW, right edge of water]

Distance from left side (ft)

0.00.09.717.726.741.756.771.786.7101.7116.7131.7146.7161.7176.7176.7176.7

Altitude of soft bottom

(ft)

1,049.61,049.61,049.61,049.51,049.41,049.21,048.71,049.11,049.41,049.4

Altitude of hard bottom

(ft)1,056.21,054.61,052.31,050.41,048.31,048.61,049.41,048.71,049.01,048.51,048.51,048.91,048.31,048.81,050.41,053.61,054.6

DescriptiontopofrebaratRP7-lground surface at RP7-1top bankLEW

muck

sand bar in middlesand bar in middlegravelgravelgravelgravelREWtop of bankground surface at RP7-2

29

Table A6. Altitudes of land surface and hard and soft bottom and descriptive notes for transect 8.Based on survey and sounding data collected in 2001 and 2002.[ft, feet; LEW, left edge of water; REW, right edge of water]

Distance from left side (ft)

0.00.015.394.8198.6302.3406.0509.8613.5717.2820.9924.7

1,028.41,132.11,235.91,339.61,443.31,547.11,560.11,564.11,564.1

Altitude of soft bottom

(ft)

1,046.61,047.11,046.31,045.91,046.11,046.11,046.01,045.71,045.61,045.11,044.51,044.11,044.61,044.2

Altitude of hard bottom

(ft)1,054.11,052.81,050.11,041.01,044.51,040.61,040.11,040.91,041.21,040.81,041.81,042.51,040.31,040.01,040.91,039.81,040.61,050.11,053.01,053.31,054.1

DescriptiontopofrebaratRP8-lground surface at RP8-1LEWsoftmore solid bottomspongyspongy

spongyspongy

solidvery soft bottom

REWtop bankground surface at RP8-2topofrebaratRP8-2

30

Table A7. Altitudes of land surface and hard and soft bottom and descriptive notes for transect 9.Based on survey and sounding data collected in 2001 and 2002.[ft, feet; LEW, left edge of water; REW, right edge of water]

Distance from left side (ft)

0.00.011.0

100.3189.7279.0368.4457.7547.1636.4725.8815.1904.5993.8

1,083.21,172.51,261.91,351.21,440.51,529.91,619.21,708.61,797.91,822.71,837.71,837.7

Altitude of soft bottom

(ft)

1,049.61,048.41,046.51,047.41,046.21,045.91,046.01,044.81,044.51,044.21,044.21,043.91,042.91,043.51,043.91,044.41,044.61,044.91,045.41,047.4

Altitude of hard bottom

(ft)1,053.51,052.91,049.91,045.41,040.41,041.81,041.81,042.91,041.91,041.81,041.81,040.31,040.91,039.41,039.31,039.91,039.81,040.01,039.31,040.61,037.91,042.81,043.81,049.91,052.41,053.5

DescriptiontopofrebaratRP9-lground surface at RP9-1 and top of bankLEWvery softspongysolid (gravel)

very solid (sand)

stopped, very solidsolid stopspongyspongysoft

solidsoft(peat like bottom)spongy

very softsandy-gravel

REWground surface at RP9-2topofrebaratRP9-2

31

Table A8. Altitudes of land surface and hard and soft bottom and descriptive notes for transect 1 0.Based on survey and sounding data collected in 2001 and 2002.[ft, feet; LEW, left edge of water; REW, right edge of water]

Distance from left side (ft)

0.00.02.623.469.8116.2162.6208.9255.3301.7348.1394.5440.9487.3533.6533.6539.9541.9541.9

Altitude of soft bottom

(ft)

1,048.51,047.91,050.01,043.91,041.91,041.41,041.91,041.41,042.41,043.91,046.8

Altitude of hard bottom

(ft)1,056.41,055.41,053.71,050.41,045.21,043.21,049.91,040.31,039.71,039.41,040.21,039.11,039.11,040.21,044.41,050.41,052.91,054.41,055.7

DescriptiontopofrebaratRPlO-1ground surface at RP10-1top of bankLEW

REWtop of bankground surface at RP10-2topofrebaratRP10-2

32

Table A9. Altitudes of land surface and hard and soft bottom and descriptive notes for transect 1 1 .Based on survey and sounding data collected in 2001 and 2002.[ft, feet; LEW, left edge of water; REW, right edge of water]

Distance from left side (ft)

0.00.01.55.0

94.1183.2272.3361.3450.4539.5628.6717.7806.8895.9

1,014.61,133.41,252.21,371.01,489.81,549.21,569.21,572.21,580.71,580.7

Altitude of soft bottom

(ft)

1,042.21,041.11,041.31,041.91,042.61,042.01,042.91,042.81,046.31,048.31,048.31,047.41,047.71,048.91,048.9

Altitude of hard bottom

(ft)1,055.41,055.41,051.21,050.31,041.01,038.41,039.01,041.21,041.71,040.41,038.91,039.11,044.81,046.11,046.41,044.51,045.31,047.21,046.91,050.31,052.31,052.91,054.41,055.8

DescriptiontopofrebaratRPll-1ground surface at RP1 1-1 (boulder)bottom of slopeLEW

REWold shoreline

ground surface at RP1 1-2topofrebaratRPll-2

33

Table A10. Altitudes of land surface and hard and soft bottom and descriptive notes for transect 12.Based on survey and sounding data collected in 2001 and 2002.[ft, feet; LEW, left edge of water; REW, right edge of water]

Distance from left side (ft)

0.00.02.34.812.842.672.4102.2132.0161.8191.6221.4

Altitude of soft bottom

(ft)

1,045.31,043.11,042.71,042.51,041.81,041.61,040.4

251.2 | 1,039.6281.0310.8340.6370.4400.2430.0459.8489.6525.3552.2565.2566.2567.7567.7

1,039.41,041.51,041.91,043.21,044.01,044.01,044.11,045.21,048.1

Altitude of hard bottom

(ft)1,055.81,055.61,055.21,051.21,050.31,042.41,041.61,041.21,041.31,038.81,038.21,038.51,037.81,036.91,040.31,039.91,041.01,041.91,042.21,042.51,043.41,047.51,050.31,051.61,052.61,052.91,053.4

DescriptiontopofrebaratRP12-lground surface at RP 12-1top of left slopebottom of bankLEW

REWold shoreline bottomold shoreline topground surface at RP12-2topofrebaratRP12-2

34

Table A1 1 . Altitudes of land surface and hard and soft bottom and descriptive notes for transect 13.Based on survey and sounding data collected in 2001 and 2002.[ft, feet; LEW, left edge of water; REW, right edge of water]

Distance from left side (ft)

0.00.07.0

24.469.5104.2138.9173.6208.3236.0251.0251.0

Altitude of soft bottom

(ft)

1,041.91,040.41,038.81,040.61,042.41,042.7

Altitude of hard bottom

(ft)1,053.31,053.31,049.91,038.11,039.21,035.91,038.01,038.01,038.51,049.91,051.91,052.2

DescriptiontopofrebaratRP13-lground surface at RP13- 1LEWvery sudden hardvery soft, firm stopvery soft, firm stopvery soft, firm stopvery solid bottom

REWground surface at RP13-2topofrebaratRP13-2

35

Table A12. Altitudes of land surface and hard and soft bottom and descriptive notes for transect 14.Based on survey and sounding data collected in 2001 and 2002.[ft, feet; LEW, left edge of water; REW, right edge of water]

Distance from left side (ft)

0.00.07.039.371.6103.8136.1168.4200.7233.0265.2300.2308.2308.2

Altitude of soft bottom

(ft)

1,043.41,041.41,040.41,039.31,040.31,040.21,040.51,042.1

Altitude of hard bottom

(ft)1,053.91,052.91,049.91,039.91,038.21,037.91,037.81,037.51,036.61,037.21,039.71,049.91,051.81,052.3

DescriptiontopofrebaratRP14-lground surface at RP14-1LEWbarky layer then hardvery soft, firm stopvery soft, firm stopvery soft, firm stopvery soft, firm stopslight middle resistace layervery soft, firm stopvery soft, firm stopREWground surface at RP14-2topofrebaratRP14-2

Tab

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Tab

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2. C

ore

desc

ript

ions

for

cor

e 2

at c

ross

sec

tion

1 3,

appr

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atel

y 96

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wat

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loca

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is 4

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8';

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931'

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t; in

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n sm

ell,

10Y

R2/

1 (s

harp

bou

ndar

y)po

orly

sor

ted

m.

sand

with

com

mon

bar

k w

ood

piec

es ~

1",

som

e 3

mm

lam

inat

ion

of o

rgan

ic m

atte

r fro

m 0

.75-

1. 00

ft,

f. gr

avel

inc

reas

es a

t 1,

037.

1 ba

se,

10Y

R4/

2 (m

oder

ate b

ound

ary)

1,03

6.3

jpoo

rly s

orte

d m

. to

v.c.

san

d w

ith (

-40

perc

ent)

pea

grav

el a

nd g

rave

l up

to 1

", ro

unde

d, 1

0YR

3/2

CJ

00

Tab

le B

2. C

ore

desc

ript

ions

for c

ore

2 at

cro

ss s

ectio

n 13

, app

roxi

mat

ely

96 ft

from

left

edge

of w

ater

and

108

ft f

rom

rig

ht e

dge

of w

ater

C

ontin

ued

Cor

e lo

cati

on i

s 44

*. 5

8.83

8';

88°,

49.

931

'. [

[ft, f

eet;

in.,

inch

; v.,

very

; f.,

fine;

m.,

med

ium

; c.,

coar

se; o

ccas

., oc

casio

nal]

! I

Cor

e 2e

1 , c

olle

cted

3/9

/01

with

a g

eopr

obe

core

rW

ater

dep

th =

10

ft

jC

ore

dept

h =

1 .0

to 5

.0 ft

\

Dep

th (

ft)0

0.35 0.

60.

75 1.1

Cor

rect

ed

| R

ecov

ery

dept

h (f

t)"

ratio

0.0

1.3

2.2

3.6

2.7

4.0

Alti

tude

(ft)

Des

crip

tion

1,03

9.3;

1,03

8.0

1,03

7.1

muc

k, o

rgan

ic ri

ch m

uck,

san

d gr

adua

lly in

crea

sing

tow

ard

base

, 10Y

R3/

2, la

rge

chun

ks o

f woo

d at

0.3

5 ft

loam

y- sa

nd o

rgan

ic-r

ich

muc

k, s

and

incr

easi

ng to

war

d ba

se, 1

OY

R3/2

, sm

all p

iece

s of

woo

d, c

hips

, mor

e bro

wn

than

abo

ve, r

oots

abu

ndan

t1,

036.

6 [w

ood

piec

es in

loam

y- sa

nd o

rgan

ic-r

ich

muc

k, 1

0YR

3/2

(abr

upt b

ound

ary)

1,03

5.3

Cor

e 2e

2 co

llec

ted

3/9/

2001

with

geo

prob

e co

rer

Wat

er d

epth

s 10

ftC

ore

dept

h =

5.0

to 9

.0 ft

Dep

th (

ft)0

0.15

0.45 0.5

0.55

0.65 0.

70.

750.

95

11.

4

Cor

rect

ed

dept

h (ft

)* 0.0

6.4

1.3

1.4

1.6

1.9

2.0

__________._

__..__

Rec

over

y ra

tio2.

9

.

2.7

2.9

4.6

1_

_*D

epth

cor

rect

ed w

ith re

cove

ry ra

tios

Alti

tude

(ft)

1,03

5.3

1,03

4.9

1,03

4.0

1,03

3.9

1,03

3.7

1,03

3.5

1,03

3.3

1,03

3.2

1,03

2.6

1,03

2.5

1,03

1.3

poor

ly s

orte

d, m

. to

v. c.

sand

and

gra

vel u

p to

0.5

" ab

unda

nt p

ink

feld

spar

, woo

d co

mm

on, 1

.5 in

. pie

ce o

f woo

d, 2

.5Y

4/2

Des

crip

tion

grav

el a

nd c

hunk

s of

bar

k an

d w

ood

(mod

erat

e bo

unda

ry)

wel

l sor

ted

m.

sand

, 2.

5YR

5/2

(gra

dual

bre

ak)

grav

el a

nd p

oorl

y so

rted

c.

sand

, 2.

5Y4/

2 (a

brup

t bou

ndar

y)1m

m o

rgan

ic d

ebri

s la

yer p

lus

root

lets

, 10

YR

2/1

(abr

upt b

ound

ary)

m. t

o c.

san

d, o

ccas

iona

l 1/

4" f

elds

par p

ebbl

es, 2

.5Y

3/2

(mod

erat

e w

ith 1

/4"

woo

dchi

p la

yer)

mai

nly

1/4"

bar

k w

ith s

and,

10Y

R3/

1 (m

oder

ate)

m.

to c

. sa

nd, 2

.5Y

4/2

(abr

upt b

ound

ary)

mor

e gr

ay m

. to

c. sa

nd w

ith f

elds

par p

ebbl

es (

-1/4

"), c

omm

on ro

otle

ts, o

ccas

iona

l sm

all b

ark

piec

es, 2

.5Y

3/2

( abr

upt b

ound

ary)

orga

nic

rich

loam

with

occ

as.

1/4"

woo

d ch

ips,

abu

ndan

t roo

tlets

, 1/

4" p

ebbl

es c

omm

on, (

old

A h

oriz

on??

) so

ft,

10Y

R2/

1 (a

brup

t bou

ndar

y)sa

ndy

clay

loam

with

-20

% g

rave

l, po

orly

sor

ted

but u

p to

3/4

" di

amet

er,

occa

s. r

ootle

ts,

10Y

R4/

1

....

.. .

..

........

.......

... ....

......

. .

__.

..........

..........

..........

.......

.........

Tab

le B

3. C

ore

desc

ript

ions

for c

ore

3 at

cro

ss s

ectio

n 1 2

, app

roxi

mat

ely

1 91

ft fr

om le

ft ed

ge o

f wat

er.

Cor

e lo

cati

on i

s 44

1, 58

.879

'; 88

°, 5

9.12

7'.

][ft

, fee

t; in.

, inc

h; v

., ve

ry; f

., fin

e; m

., m

ediu

m; c

., co

arse

; occ

as.,

occa

siona

l]

I I

Cor

e 3a

col

lect

ed 3

/1/2

001

with

a p

isto

n co

rer

Wat

er d

epth

= 8

.0 f

eet

Cor

e de

pth

= 0.

0 to

1 .6

ft

Dep

th (

ft)0

0.2

0.8

1.1

Cor

rect

ed

dept

h (ft

)* 0.0

0.3

1.2

1.6

Rec

over

y ra

tio1.

5

Cor

e 3b

col

lect

ed 3

/9/2

001

with

a g

eoW

ater

Dep

th =

8.0

fee

tC

ore

dept

h =

0.0

to 4

.0 f

t

Dep

th (

ft)0

0.2

0.3

0.65

0.85

1.15

1.25 1.

41.

51.

55 i.7 1.8

Cor

rect

ed

dept

h (f

t)* 0.0

0.4

0.7j

1.4

1.9

2.6

2.8

3.1

3.3

3.4

3.8

4.0

Rec

over

y ra

tio2.

2

*Dep

th c

orre

cted

with

rec

over

y ra

tios

Alti

tude

(f

t)1,

042.

31,

042.

0

1,04

1.1

1,04

0.7

prob

e

Alti

tude

..........

....(ft).

..........

.....1,

042.

31,

041.

91,

041.

61,

040.

91,

040.

41,

039.

81,

039.

51,

039.

21,

039.

01,

038.

91,

038.

51,

038.

3

Des

crip

tion

3 ft

sou

th o

f site

loca

tion

orga

nic

fluf

f, hi

gh w

ater

con

tent

, 10

YR

2/1

orga

nic-

rich

muc

k, 1

0YR

2/1,

1 i

n. b

ark

piec

es to

war

ds b

ase

com

mon

, silt

loam

orga

nic

rich

muc

k, 1

-3"

abun

dant

larg

e ba

rk p

iece

s, 1

0YR

2/1,

leav

es c

omm

on,

silt

loam

to lo

am, s

and

cont

ent i

ncre

ases

tow

ard

the

base

Des

crip

tion

orga

nic-

rich

muc

k, f

luff

y, n

o vi

sibl

e pi

eces

of o

rgan

ic m

ater

ial,

very

pun

gent

sm

ell,

5 Y3/

2 (g

radu

al b

ound

ary)

larg

e pi

ece

of b

ark

in o

rgan

ic-r

ich

muc

k, 1

0YR

2/2

(gra

dual

bou

ndar

y)or

gani

c-ri

ch m

uck,

bro

wni

sh,

1 OY

R2/

2 (m

oder

ate

boun

dary

)pe

at, b

row

nish

, loa

my

muc

k, o

rgan

ic-r

ich,

abu

ndan

t roo

tlets

, roo

t mas

s, b

urie

d A

hor

izon

? (m

oder

ate

boun

dary

)po

orly

sor

ted

f. to

rn,

sand

, 10Y

R3/

2 (m

oder

ate

boun

dary

)la

rge

chun

k of

woo

d w

ith f.

to m

. sa

nd m

atri

x, ro

otle

ts 1

0YR

3/1

(mod

erat

e bou

ndar

y)c.

to

v.c.

san

d, p

oorl

y so

rted

with

dar

k or

gani

c m

atte

r, 1

0YR

4/1

(gra

dual

bou

ndar

y)po

orly

sor

ted

m.

sand

with

1/8

" or

gani

c la

min

atio

n, s

and

10Y

R4/

2, o

rgan

ic la

min

atio

n 10

YR

2/1

(mod

erat

e bou

ndar

y)1/

4" w

ood

chun

k, d

ark

on o

utsi

de, s

mal

ler c

hunk

s of

woo

d, 1

0YR

2/1

(sha

rp b

ound

ary)

poor

ly s

orte

d lo

amy

m. t

o f.

sand

, occ

asio

nal r

ootle

ts,

10Y

R3/

1 (m

oder

ate

boun

dary

)si

lt lo

am, u

noxi

dize

d, ra

re ro

otle

ts, 2

.5Y

3/2

Tab

le B

4. C

ore

desc

riptio

n fo

r co

re 4

at c

ross

sec

tion

1 1 ,

appr

oxim

atel

y 1 ,

200

ft fr

om le

ft ed

ge o

f wate

r and

354

ft

from

rig

ht e

dge

of w

ater

.

[ft, f

eet;

in.,

inch

; v

, ver

y; <

., fin

e; m

., m

ediu

m;

c., c

oars

e; o

ccas

., oc

casi

onal

]

Cor

e 4b

col

lect

ed 3

/1/2

001

with

a p

isto

n co

rer

Wat

er d

epth

= 3

.7 ft

....

........

........

........

.......,

........

.._H

ard

bott

om =

4.7

ft

thro

ugh

grav

el a

nd w

eeds

jC

ore

dept

h =

0.0

to 1

.0 ft

|

,.... , .. ,. . ......-

, ^

mm

mm

m^

m.m

..m.m

mnm

m,m

^,^

^..

..»

..^

Cor

rect

ed

Dep

th (

ft)

dept

h (f

t)*

Rec

over

y j

Alti

tude

ratio

(ft)

Des

crip

tion

........

0.0.

40.

31,

046.

3 jo

rgan

k m

uck,

si

l.l

0.7

l,045

.9jo

rgai

ucin

iiack

;^i].

tloam

, in

c^1 ,

045 .

6 j s

and

and

grav

el, 0

. lia

, 1 O

YR

3/3,

top

of u

nit m

arks

pre

-dam

bou

ndar

y ___

____

_1.

6J1.

0*D

epth

cor

rect

ed w

ith re

cove

ry ra

tios

Tab

le B

5. C

ore

desc

ript

ion

for c

ore

5 at

cro

ss s

ectio

n 1 1

, ap

prox

imat

ely

500

ft fr

om le

ft ed

ge o

f wat

er a

nd 6

99 ft

fro

m c

ore

4.[ft

, fee

t; in

., in

ch; v

., ve

ry; f

., fin

e; m

., m

ediu

m;

c., c

oars

e; o

ccas

., oc

casi

onal

]

i I

IC

ore

5a c

olle

cted

3/1

/200

1 w

ith a

pis

ton

core

rW

ater

dep

th =

7.5

ft

jH

ard

bott

om =

9.0

ft

{C

ore

dept

h =

0.0

to 1

.2ft

Dep

th (

ft)0

0.4

0.7

1.4

Cor

rect

ed !

Rec

over

y de

pth

(ft)*

| ra

tio6.6

i 6.9

0.3

i6.

6! 1.2!

* Dep

th c

orre

cted

with

rec

over

y ra

tios

Alti

tude

(f

t)1,

042.

81,

042.

41,

042.

2

1,04

1.6

Des

crip

tion

3 ft

sou

th o

f cor

e 5

orga

nic

muc

k, s

ilt, s

ilt-l

oam

, 10

YR

2/1

orga

nic

muc

k w

ith b

ark,

leav

es a

nd tw

igs,

silt

loam

, 10

YR

2/1

(sha

rp b

ound

ary)

clay

ey s

and

and

grav

el, 0

.5 in

. , ro

ots

com

mon

, loa

my

sand

, gra

vel c

omm

on, 2

.5 Y

R4/

2, tw

o cl

ayey

loam

lens

es a

bout

0.0

5 ft

thic

k

Tab

le B

6. C

ore

desc

riptio

ns for

core

6 a

t cr

oss

sect

ion

9, a

ppro

xim

atel

y 1 ,

440

ft fr

om le

ft ed

ge o

f wat

er_a

nd^_

65_f

tjrom

rig

ht

Cor

e lo

catio

n is

44"

, 59

.098

'; 88

°, 5

0.96

7'.

|[ft

, fee

t; in

., in

ch;

v., v

ery;

f.,

fine;

m.,

med

ium

; c.

, coa

rse;

occ

as.,

occa

sion

al]

9.9 r

6...6.3

..??.

!!?.?

!?^

on[^

J^

^^

^^

J^

^o

njD

ore

rW

ater

Dep

th =

5.6

ft

HjitM

bw

tto

n ^

JO

^__

t C

ore

dept

h =

0.0

to 3

.0 ft

jI

Cor

rect

ed

j Rec

over

y D

epth

(ft

) I

dept

h (f

t)*

ratio

Alti

tude

(f

t)D

escr

iptio

nO

j__

!1.

7

0.0 _. 3.0

3 ft

sou

th o

f cor

e 6

! org

anic

muc

k, h

igh

wat

er c

onte

nt, a

quat

ic v

eget

atio

n m

atte

r com

mon

, gra

ss b

lade

s, r

ootle

ts, m

aybe

wild

rice

, si

lt or

gani

cs, l

ow

1,04

1.3

i sed

imen

t con

tent

, mos

tly o

rgan

ics,

10Y

R2/

1

9.9r

.e.. 6.

9. 99

!!®9J

*i*?.

on

3/2/

2001

with

a p

isto

n co

rer

Wat

er d

epth

= ,

^ou

^5^

^

............

............

............

............

......

Har

d bo

ttom

= a

bout

10.

0 ft

1.7|

1,

044.

3 3

ft e

ast o

f cor

e 6

0.9!

1.5

.l.>P

^;i.l

.E!!

}s.:

¥^^

Cor

e 6d

col

lect

ed o

n 3/

2/20

01 w

ith a

pis

ton

core

r W

'ate

7'd'

e'pt

h""^

ab'o

'ui5

'jft''

"""

""""""

""j" - - p

-

Har

d bo

ttom

= a

bout

10.

0 ft

Cor

e de

pth

= 0.

0 to

1.5

ft

Dep

th (

ft)

Cor

rect

ed

dept

h (f

t)*

Rec

over

y i

Alti

tude

ra

tio

I (f

t)D

escr

iptio

n0

O.O

j1.

71

1,04

4.3

i 6 f

t nor

th o

f cor

e 6

1,04

2.8

[sub

sam

pled

for

org

anic

che

mic

als

ever

y 0.

1 ft

fro

m 0

.2-0

.7 f

t

Tab

le B

6. C

ore

desc

ript

ions

for c

ore

6 at

cro

ss s

ectio

n 9,

app

roxi

mat

ely

1 ,44

0 ft

from

left

edge

of w

ater

and

865

ft fr

om r

ight

edg

e of

wat

er C

ontin

ued

Cor

e lo

catio

n is

44°

, 59

.098

'; 88

°, 5

0.96

7'.

|[ft

, fee

t; in.

, inc

h; v.

, ver

y; f.

, fin

e; m

., m

ediu

m; c

., co

arse

; occ

as.,

occa

sion

al]

!___

1__

_C

ore

6e c

olle

cted

on

3/9/

2001

with

a g

eopr

obe

core

rW

ater

dep

th =

abo

ut 5

.6 ft

j

jH

ard

botto

m =

abo

ut 1

0.0

ft

j j

Cor

e de

pth

= 0.

0 to

4.0

ft j

Dep

th (

ft)0

0.3

0.7

Cor

rect

ed

dept

h (f

t)* 0.0

0.6

1.4

Rec

over

y ra

tio2.

0

6.9J

l.

§|

1.45 1.

51.

61.

71.

83 2

2.9

3.0

13.

23.

4

iA

ltitu

de j

(ft)

Des

crip

tion

1,04

4.3

1,04

3.7

1,04

2.9

1,04

2.5

1,04

1.4

1,04

1.3

1,04

1.1

| 1,

040.

93.

7 1

4.0

orga

nic-

rich

muc

k, f

luff

, fin

e-gr

aine

d, n

o vi

sibl

e or

gani

c m

atte

r, 1

0YR

2/2,

org

anic

sm

ell,

(abr

upt b

ound

ary)

larg

e pi

eces

of w

ood/

bark

(up

to 2

"+)

with

muc

k m

atri

x 10

YR

2/1,

slig

ht p

unge

nt s

mel

l, (m

oder

ate

boun

dary

)or

gani

c m

atte

r with

abu

ndan

t sm

all w

ood

chip

s -1

/4",

10Y

R2/

2, o

rgan

ic s

mel

l, (m

oder

ate

boun

dary

)f.

sand

y lo

am to

loam

y m

. sa

nd,

occa

s. 1

/4"

woo

d ch

ips,

occ

as.

gras

s bl

ades

1/1

6" w

ide

rare

, 3/

4" c

hunk

s of

woo

d, o

ccas

. roo

tlets

, 10

YR

3/1

(mod

erat

e bo

unda

ry)

brow

n pe

at, s

andy

(m

ay h

ave

mix

ed in

), 1/

16-i

n. p

iece

s of

org

anic

deb

ris,

10Y

R2/

2 (s

harp

bou

ndar

y)m

. sa

nd, m

oder

ate

sort

ing,

cle

an, 2

.5Y

4/2

(mod

erat

e bo

unda

ry)

mix

of c

. sa

nd (

30%

), f.

grav

el (

30%

), la

rge

bark

chi

ps u

p to

1 1

/4"

(30%

), 2.

5Y4/

2 (m

oder

ate

boun

dary

)1,

040.

7 jc

. sa

nd w

ith v

.c.

sand

, mod

erat

e so

rtin

g, n

o or

gani

c m

ater

ial,

2.5Y

4/2

I 1,

040.

3 jm

. sa

nd, w

ell

sort

ed, n

o or

gani

cs, e

xcep

t in

core

tip,

rar

e ch

arco

al c

hips

-1/

8-1/

4",

2.5Y

4/2

*Dep

th c

orre

cted

with

reco

very

ratio

s j

Tab

le B

7. C

ore

desc

riptio

ns f

or

core

7 a

t cr

oss

sect

ion

4, a

ppro

xim

atel

y 22

5 ft

from

left

edge

of w

ate

r an

d 48

9 ft

from

rig

ht e

dge

of w

ater

.C

ore

loca

tion

is 4

4°,

59.0

79';

88°,

51

.449

'. j

[ft, f

eet;

in.,

inch

; v.,

very

; (.,

fine;

m.,

med

ium

; c,

coa

rse;

occ

as.,

occa

sion

al]

Core

7a

colle

cte

d o

n 3

/1/0

1 w

ith a

pis

ton c

ore

r j

Wate

r d

ep

th =

3.4

ft

Har

d bottom

= 9

.1 f

tC

ore

de

pth

= 0

.0 to

2.4

ft

Co

rre

cte

d

0!

0.0

0.5

0.7

1.8

1 2

.4

..........

..........

..........

.... .._

. .....

..........

..........

..........

..........

..........

..........

..........

..........

..........

..........

.....

I i iR

eco

very

A

ltitu

de

j ra

tio

(ft)

[

1.3

1, 04

6.7

j 6 ft

sout

h of c

ore

7D

esc

riptio

n

1,04

6.1

jorg

anic

muc

k, h

igh

wat

er c

onte

nt, s

ilt, n

o sa

nd, o

ccas

. fin

e ro

otle

ts,

10Y

R2/

1, n

o w

ood

1,04

4.3

jorg

anic

muc

k, le

ss w

ater

, silt

, no

sand

gra

ins,

no

woo

d, u

nifo

rm,

10Y

R2/

1i

i i

Core

7b

colle

cte

d o

n 3

/2/0

1 w

ith a

pis

ton c

ore

r j

Wate

r d

ep

th =

ab

ou

t 3.

4 ft

j j

Har

d bottom

= a

bo

ut

9.1

ft

[ !

Core

de

pth

= 0

.0 to

1 .2

ft

i j

| C

orr

ect

ed

D

epth

(ft)

i d

ep

th (

ft)*

0 0

.0

Re

cove

ry

Alti

tude

i ra

tio

(ft)

i

6.9

1,04

6.7

16 ft e

ast o

f cor

e 7

Desc

riptio

n

1.45

! 1.

21

1,04

5.5!

(lost

org

anic

flu

ff fr

om

top)

subs

ampl

ed fo

r tr

ace

ele

men

ts a

nd r

adio

metr

ic d

atin

gf

:

Cor

e 7c

colle

cte

d o

n 3

/2/0

1 w

ith a

pis

ton c

ore

r \

Wate

r d

ep

th =

about

3.4

ft

i !

Har

d bottom

= a

bo

ut

9.1

ft

! i

Core

de

pth

= 0

.0 to

1 .7

ft

jC

orr

ect

ed

{Reco

very

A

ltitu

de

j D

epth

{ft^_

de

pth

(ft

)*

ratio

(f

t)

|0{

0.

0 1.

0 1,

046.

7 J6

ft w

est o

f cor

e 7

Desc

riptio

n

1.7

1 1.

7 1

1,04

5.0

! sub

sam

pled

for

orga

nic

chem

ical

si

!C

ore

7d1

co

llect

ed

on

3/9

/01

with

a g

eo

pro

be

core

rW

ater

dep

th =

abo

ut 3

.4 ft

i

iH

ard

bottom

= a

bo

ut

9.1

ft

jC

ore

de

pth

= 0

.0 to

4.0

ft

j!

Co

rre

cte

d

Dep

th (

ft)

de

pth

(ft

)*0

0.0

0.2

0.3

i.il

1.62

2.9

2.75

4.

0

Reco

very

A

ltitu

de j

ra

tio

(ft)

!

1.5

1 ,04

6. 1

j * *

all v

ery

grad

ual b

ound

arie

s* *

Desc

riptio

n

1,04

5.8

1 org

anic

muc

k 10

YR

2/1

1,04

4.5

(org

anic

muc

k w

ith o

ccas

iona

l roo

tlets

,mor

e to

war

ds th

e to

p of t

he u

nit

10Y

R2/

1 "s

mel

ls li

ke P

AH

s"1 ,

043.

2 ip

eat,

occa

sion

al ra

re s

tick

root

s, fi

brou

s, b

row

nish

10

YR

3/2

1 ,04

2. 1

jpea

t occ

asio

nal r

are

stic

ks a

nd ro

ots,

fibr

ous,

mor

e br

own,

occ

asio

nal b

its o

f 1/

8" w

ood

piec

es

10Y

R4/

4i

Tab

le B

7. C

ore

desc

riptio

ns f

or

core

7 a

t cr

oss

sect

ion

4, a

pjpr

oxim

atel

y 22

5 ft

from

lef

t ed

ge o

f wat

er a

nd 4

89 f

t fr

om r

ight

edg

e of

wa

ter

Co

ntin

ue

d

9.9

!?.!

99

a^'?

..!J

^[ft

, fee

t; in

., in

ch;

v , v

ery;

(.,

fine;

m.,

med

ium

; c.

, coa

rse;

occ

as.,

occa

sion

al]

_________i_

________I_

______j_

______I

Cor

e 7d

2 co

llect

ed o

n 3/

9/01

with

a g

eop

rob

e co

rer

.VM

!!Ld.

e$ll

^^H

ard

bott

om =

abo

ut 9

.1 f

t j_

___________|

__......

..........

..........

..........

..........

..........

..........

..........

..........

..........

..........

..........

......

Cor

rect

ed

Rec

over

y A

ltitu

de

dej_

th_ I

ffiP

_H*!

?L_.

. $

) ....

. -

- -

-^

j^~

~~

^

0.65

1 0.

9 j

1,04

1.3

|loam

j[ o

rgan

ic-r

ich

muc

k (m

ay h

ave

been

som

e sa

nd m

ixin

g in

from

cor

e ex

trus

ion)

, rar

e ro

otle

ts,

10Y

R2/

1 (g

radu

al b

ound

ary)

_______0.9

j_______l_

.2j_

_____

1,04

0.9

j wel

l sor

ted

f. to

m.

sand

, ra

re o

rgan

ic d

ebri

s, 2

.5 Y

4/4

(gra

dual

bou

ndar

y)

11 1.3

J .....

........1

>MP_:

8jf:

t.9 :

. .s.^

...w

!tll...

^'9.9.

^..B£

c.?.s.

1/8..'

1/1"

^ ?i

.?e..> a

l.s..9

E^:M

^I?.

.^.e£

?.?...1

9Xl?:

?/2.. (

SB.^.^

..k9.]S

!?^)...

..........

..........

..........

..........

..........

......

__

__

__

LO

S]_

__

__

__

1.4

1_

__

__

_

1,04

0.8

!lar

gc w

ood

chun

ks in

org

anic

-ric

h f.

sand

, 10

YR

3/2

(mod

erat

e bo

unda

ry)

1.6j

2.

1 j

1,04

0.0

jf. t

orn,

san

d[co

arse

ning

gra

dual

ly to

^c.

sand

^ith

: dep

th,^

no w

ood.

or] o

rgan

ic m

atte

r, c

lean

, 2.5

Y4/

2

1.75

! 2.

3j

....L

.9.?

?-?i

ii^Y

eLan

.dY-

c.- s.^

4.?.

P99£

fe ?

9^?d

'S^?

.?9^

n.de

4.j 9

c.c.a.

?- ^?

"liy

."^9

94.E

^.?.

s..'P

^.^

4.s

.E^

c..9I^

9^

______1.8

21_______2.4

i_

__

__

_

1,03

9.7

jwoo

d pi

eces

, dec

ompo

sed

orga

nic

mat

ter i

n m

. sa

nd,

10Y

R2/

2 (m

oder

ate

boun

dary

)2.

05!

2.7]

L

9?9:

4]v.

c. s

andj

oj/.l

f: g

rave

l (2-

4 m

^

__

____2.1

SJ_

___

__

_2

^8

]__

__

__

__

_1

,03

9.3

[lar

ge (

2 in

.) ch

unk

of w

ood,

roo

ts a

nd w

ood

piec

es in

mat

rix

of v

.c.

sand

and

v.f.

gra

vel (

grad

ual b

ound

ary)

____

____

____

____

___

| !

I v.c

. sa

nd to

v.f.

gra

vel (

2-4

mm

), a

bund

ant p

ink

feld

spar

, sub

roun

ded,

10Y

R,

1/8"

and

sm

alle

r bits

of d

ecom

pose

d or

gani

c m

atte

r (m

oder

ate

__

__

__

_2

_3

J__

__

__

_3

.0J_

__

__

__

__

l,0

39

.ljb

ou

nd

ary

)

I j

i_

__

__

_2

.52

J__

__

__

_3

.3J_

__

__

_

1,03

8.8

jaltc

mat

ing

f. to

m.

sand

with

laye

rs o

f par

tially

dec

ompo

sed

orga

nic

mat

ter

and

woo

d bi

ts <

l/8"

, roo

tlets

, 10

YR

2/1

(sha

rp b

ound

ary)

2.75

! 3.6

1 i

l?9.

38-5

jorg

anic

deb

ris

(pos

sibl

y sl

ackw

ater

dep

osit)

, ste

ms

root

s an

d w

ood

piec

es, b

ark

1/16

-1",

10Y

R3/

2 (s

harp

bou

ndar

y)______3.O

S j_

__

__

__

4.0

)__

__

__

1,

038.

1 [r

ank

feld

spar

£ g

ravc

i and

sm

alle

r with

v.f.

gra

vel a

nd v

.c.

sand

, 10

YR

3/3

1 I

i 1

*Dcp

th c

orre

cted

with

reco

very

rati

os_

___I_

_____)

Tab

le B

8. C

ore

desc

rifrt

jons

fo

r co

re 8

at

cros

s se

ctio

ns 8

and

9,

appr

oxim

atel

y 49

8 ft

from

left

edge

of w

ate

r al

ong

cros

s se

ctio

n 9

and

and

678

ft fr

om le

ft ed

ge o

f wate

r al

ong

cros

s se

ctio

n 8.

C

ore

loca

tion

is 4

4°,

59.1

69';

88°,

50.

966'

(!!.;!

.?.?

!' )!]

.'. In?

!?-. V

-'. V?

^.! .

! . !'

n?.i

T '

T!®

l'yi)!

? ;

?~

~~

T~

~^^

Cor

e 8a

col

lect

ed o

n 3/

2/20

01 w

ith a

pis

ton

core

r

= 6.

6 ft

^..

^.__

^.

Cor

rect

ed

Rec

over

y j

Alti

tude

D

epth

(ft

) de

pth

(ft)

* ra

tio

| (f

t)

____________________________D

escri

pti

on

........

........

........

J:0].

........

........

........

^ ___

! or

gani

c-ric

h m

uck,

silt

, hig

h w

ater

con

tent

, she

lls c

omm

on fr

om 0

.8-1

.0, l

eave

s, g

rass

bla

des

and

root

lets

com

mon

thro

ugho

ut,

1.2}

___.

......

......

L?.!.

....

......

......

......

......

......

......

J..^?

Jeaf

^ma^

*Dep

th c

orre

cted

with

reco

very

ratio

s

Tab

le B

9. C

ore

desc

ript

ions

for

cor

e 9

at c

ross

sec

tion

5,

appr

oxim

atel

y 31

5 f

t fro

m l

eft e

dge

of w

ater

and

1 ,3

53 f

t fro

m r

ight

edg

e of

wat

er.

Cor

e lo

catio

n is

4f,

59.

079'

; 88

°, 5

1 .1

95'.

][ft

, fee

t; in

., in

ch; v

., ve

ry; f

., fin

e; m

., m

ediu

m;

c., c

oars

e; o

ccas

., oc

casi

onal

]|

Cor

e 9a

1 co

llect

ed o

n 3/

9/01

with

a g

eopr

obe

Wat

er d

epth

= a

bout

6.8

ftC

ore

dept

h =

0.0

to 4

.0 ft

Cor

rect

ed

Dep

th (

ft)

dept

h (ft

)40!

0.

00.

4 0.

70.

6J

1.0

0.85

1.

51.

02J

1.8

1.18

2.

11.

6|

2.8

1.93

1 3.

42.

05!

3.6

2.3

1 4.

0I

Rec

over

y ra

tio

1.7

*Dep

th c

orre

cted

with

rec

over

y ra

tios

Alt

itud

e (f

t)1,

043.

11,

042.

41,

042.

11,

041.

71,

041.

4

1,04

1.1

1,04

0.3

1,03

9.8

1,03

9.6

1,03

9.1

Des

crip

tion

orga

nic

rich

muc

k, f

luff

y, p

unge

nt s

mel

l, 10

YR

2/2

(mod

erat

e bo

unda

ry)

orga

nic

rich

muc

k w

ith w

ood

chun

ks a

nd p

iece

s, p

unge

nt s

mel

l, 10

YR

2/2

(mod

erat

e bo

unda

ry)

orga

nic

rich

muc

k w

ith p

eat -

gra

ss b

lade

s an

d ro

otle

ts,

10Y

R2/

2 (a

brup

t bou

ndar

y)f.

to m

. sa

nd, o

ccas

. roo

tlets

, occ

as.

deco

mpo

sed

orga

nic

mat

ter,

wel

l so

rted

, 10

YR

3/3

(mod

erat

e bo

unda

ry)

f. to

m.

sand

with

org

anic

mat

ter,

laye

red

1/8

in. w

ood

piec

es, r

ootle

ts, d

ecom

pose

d de

bris

, bar

k sl

ight

ly p

unge

nt s

mel

l, 10

YR

3/2

(mod

erat

e bo

unda

ry)

f. to

m.

sand

, zon

e w

ith o

rgan

ic m

atte

r an

d bi

ts fr

om 1

.45-

1.5

ft, w

ell s

orte

d, 1

0YR

3/3

(gra

dual

bou

ndar

y)al

tern

atin

g la

yers

of v

.c.

sand

and

f. g

rave

l, pi

nk f

elds

par o

ccas

iona

lly, r

are,

2.5

Y4/

2 (s

harp

bou

ndar

y)al

tern

atin

g la

min

atio

ns o

f dec

ompo

sed

ogan

ic m

atte

r and

f. s

and,

2.5

Y3/

2 (g

radu

al b

ound

ary)

f. sa

nd, w

ell s

orte

d, r

are

orga

nic

mat

ter,

2.5Y

4/2

Tab

le B

1 0.

Cor

e de

scri

ptio

ns f

or c

ore

1 0 a

t cr

oss

sect

ion

1 0, a

ppro

xim

atel

y 26

2 ft

from

lef

t edg

e of

wat

er.

Cor

e lo

catio

n is

4/f

, 58

.960

'; 88

°, 5

0.62

0'.

][ft

, fee

t; in

., in

ch; v

., ve

ry; f

., fin

e; m

., m

ediu

m; c

., co

arse

; oc

cas.

, occ

asio

nal]

i I

. I

Cor

e 10

a1 c

olle

cted

on

3/9/

01 w

ith a

geo

prob

eW

ater

dep

th =

8.9

ftC

ore

dept

h =

0.0

to 4

.0 ft

I C

orre

cted

D

epth

(ft)

j

dept

h (ft

)*o|

o.o0.

25 1

0.4

0.5

1 0.

7i

0.9

1 1.

3il

j 1.7

1.25

'! 1.

81.

65|

2.4

1.75

1 2.

51.

951

2.8

2.3

1 3.

32.

5 !

3.6

2.6!

3.

72.

8)

4.0

i

Rec

over

y ra

tio1.

4

*Dep

th c

orre

cted

with

reco

very

ratio

s

Alti

tude

(ft

)1,

041.

5

1,04

1.2

1,04

0.8

1,04

0.3

1,03

9.8

1,03

9.8

1,03

9.2

1,03

9.0

1,03

8.8

1,03

8.3

1,03

8.0

1,03

7.8

1,03

7.5

Des

crip

tion

orga

nic-

rich

muc

k, p

unge

nt s

mel

l, 10

YR

2/1

(gra

dual

bou

ndar

y)or

gani

c-ri

ch m

uck

with

1/8

" w

ood

chip

s, 1

0YR

2/1

(mod

erat

e bo

unda

ry)

peat

, tin

y ro

otle

ts a

bund

ant,

occa

s. b

lade

-lik

e pi

eces

, 7.5

YR

2/1

(sha

rp b

ound

ary)

m.

to v

.c.

sand

, poo

rly

sort

ed, 2

.5Y

4/2

(mod

erat

e bo

unda

ry)

brow

n pe

at,

7.5Y

R3/

2 (m

oder

ate

boun

dary

)fi

ne g

rave

l (1/

16-1

/8 in

.) an

d ve

ry c

oars

e sa

nd, p

ink

feld

spar

com

mon

, cle

an n

o or

gani

cs,

10Y

R4/

3 (m

oder

ate

boun

dary

)pe

aty

(fib

ers

and

root

lets

) ra

san

d, 1

0YR

3/3

(mod

erat

e bo

unda

ry)

f. gr

avel

(1/

16-1

/8 in

.) an

d v.

c. s

and,

pin

k fe

ldsp

ar c

omm

on, c

lean

no

orga

nics

, 10

YR

4/3

(sha

rp b

ound

ary)

orga

nic-

rich

ra

sand

, slig

htly

fibr

ous,

bur

ied

A h

oriz

on 1

0YR

3/2

(ver

y gr

adua

l bou

ndar

y)v.

c. s

and

to v

.f. g

rave

l, cl

ean

10Y

R4/

2 (v

ery

shar

p bo

unda

ry)

woo

d bi

ts, r

oots

, org

anic

deb

ris,

10

YR

2/2

f. to

ra

sand

, cle

an, g

ray,

2.5

Y4/

2

Tabl

e C1

. Bu

lk d

ensi

ty a

nd o

rgan

ic m

atte

r dat

a fo

r cor

e sa

mpl

es c

olle

cted

from

Neo

pit M

ill P

ond,

Neo

pit,

Wis.

, 200

1[ft

, fee

t; g,

gra

ms;

cm

, cen

timet

er;

USG

S, U

.S. G

eolo

gica

l Sur

vey;

sed

, sed

imen

t. In

terv

al to

p an

d bo

ttom

dep

ths

are

not c

orre

cted

for r

ecov

ery

ratio

.]

Cor

e nu

mbe

rIb Ib 2b 7b 7b 7b 7b 7b 7b 7b 7b

USG

S si

te

num

ber

4458

5108

8495

000

4458

5108

8495

000

4458

5008

8495

600

4459

0588

5127

0044

5905

8851

2700

4459

0588

5127

0044

5905

8851

2700

4459

0588

5127

0044

5905

8851

2700

4459

0588

5127

0044

5905

8851

2700

Inte

rval

to

p (ft

)0.

000.

350.

100.

050.

200.

250.

450.

750.

750.

95 1.40

Inte

rval

bo

ttom

(f

t)0.

100.

450.

200.

100.

250.

300.

500.

800.

801.

001.

45

Dat

e co

llect

ed2/

13/2

002

2/13

/200

22/

13/2

002

3/1/

2001

2/13

/200

23/

1/20

013/

1/20

013/

1/20

013/

1/20

013/

1/20

013/

1/20

01

Plat

e (g

)1.

1184

31.

1151

61.

1080

81.

1183

01.

1151

71.

1013

51.

1181

91.

1174

91.

1096

31.

1142

31.

1040

8

Plat

e +

wet

sed

(g)10

.822

694.

3259

610

.306

045.

6861

47.

3732

77.

6713

79.

7186

58.

5729

810

.988

0714

.568

339.

2847

5

Plat

e +

dry

sed

(g)1.

7810

61.

7856

22.

5567

31.

3479

41.

6482

51.

6643

11.

8490

51.

8271

52.

0481

32.

4237

1.99

696

Afte

r 550

° pl

ate

+ dr

y se

d (g

)1.

5509

11.

5324

92.

0160

71.

2183

41.

3515

61.

3485

51.

4327

81.

4247

31.

5185

1.65

925

1.48

685

Dry

sed

(g)0.

6626

30.

6704

61.

4486

50.

2296

40.

5330

80.

5629

60.

7308

60.

7096

60.

9385

1.30

947

0.89

288

Wet

sed

(g)9.

7042

63.

2108

9.19

796

4.56

784

6.25

816.

5700

28.

6004

67.

4554

99.

8784

413

.454

18.

1806

7

Afte

r 55

0° s

ed(g)

0.43

248

0.41

733

0.90

799

0.10

004

0.23

639

0.24

720.

3145

90.

3072

40.

4088

70.

5450

20.

3827

7

Wat

er

cont

ent

_Jp

ctl

93.2

79.1

84.3

95.0

91.5

91.4

91.5

90.5

90.5

90.3

89.1

Org

anic

m

atte

r (p

et)

34.7

37.8

37.3

56.4

55.7

56.1

57.0

56.7

56.4

58.4

57.1

Cal

cula

ted

bulk

den

sity

(g/c

m5_

..0.

071

0.24

0.17

0.05

20.

089

0.09

00.

089

0.10

0.10

0.10

0.12

Tab

le D

1 . R

adio

met

ric d

atin

g re

sults

for

core

sam

ples

col

lect

ed f

rom

Neo

pit

Mill

Pon

d, N

eopi

t, W

is.,

2001

[ft, f

eet;

pCi/g

, pi

coC

urie

s pe

r gr

am;

US

GS

, U

.S.

Geo

logi

cal S

urve

y. I

nter

val t

op a

nd b

otto

m d

epth

s ar

e no

t cor

rect

ed f

or r

ecov

ery

ratio

.]

Cor

e nu

mbe

r7b 7b 7b 7b 7b 7b

US

GS

site

num

ber

4459

0588

5127

0044

5905

8851

2700

4459

0588

5127

0044

5905

8851

2700

4459

0588

5127

0044

5905

8851

2700

Inte

rval

to

p (

ft)0.

050.

250.

450.

750.

951.

40

Inte

rval

bo

ttom

(f

t)0.

100.

300.

500.

801.

001.

45

Dat

e co

llect

ed3/

1/20

013/

1/20

013/

1/20

013/

1/20

013/

1/20

013/

1/20

01

210R

b

(PC

i/g)

13 12 13 11 11 9.9

210P

b2-

sigm

a2.

41.

61.

81.

41.

51.

9

137C

s (p

Ci/g

)2.

01.

62.

32.

62.

43.

0

137C

s2-

sigm

a0.

69 .77

.72

.48

.56

.79

226R

a (p

CI/g

)0.

06 .13

.59

.88

.42

.64

226R

a2-

sigm

a2.

01.

21.

0.7

81.

31.

7

Tabl

e E1

. M

inor

and

tra

ce e

lem

ent

resu

lts fo

r co

re s

ampl

es c

olle

cted

fro

m N

eopi

t M

ill P

ond,

Neo

pit,

Wis

., 20

01[ft

, fee

t; pe

t, pe

rcen

t; ug

/g,

mic

rogr

ams

per

gram

;na

, no

t ava

ilabl

e; U

SG

S,

U.S

. G

eolo

gica

l S

urve

y. I

nter

val t

op a

nd b

otto

m d

epth

s ar

e no

t cor

rect

ed f

or r

ecov

ery

ratio

,Th

resh

old

and

prob

able

effe

ct c

once

ntra

tions

are

from

Mac

Don

ald

and

othe

rs,

2000

.]

Cor

e nu

mbe

rIb Ib 2b 7b

US

GS

site

num

ber

4458

5108

8495

000

4458

5108

8495

000

4458

5008

8495

600

Inte

rval

to

p (f

t)0.

000.

35L

d.io

4459

0588

5127

00

0.20

Ran

ge in

con

cent

ratio

n fro

m e

ight

Wol

f R

iver

bas

in s

ites

(Scu

dder

and

oth

ers,

1 9

97;

Gar

n an

d ot

hers

, 20

01 )

|T

hres

hold

effe

ct c

once

ntra

tion

Pro

babl

e ef

fect

con

cent

ratio

nr

Inte

rval

bo

ttom

(f

t)0.

100.

450.

20

Dat

e co

llect

ed2/

13/2

001

2/13

/200

12/

13/2

001

0.25

!

3/1/

2001

i - -

Inor

gani

c ca

rbon

(p

et)

0.99

0.16

Org

anic

ca

rbon

(p

et)

19

Tot

al

carb

on

(pet

)20

22

220.

15

T 19

0.48

28

^_

.4

.. .

0.06

-0.3

1 11

.6-2

2.3

na

nana na

19

Cal

cium

(p

et)

3.1

1.4

1.3

29

j 3.

6

....

... .J

.

11.9

-22.

4 na

1.5-

1.9

Mag

nesi

um

(pet

)1.1 0.53

0.49

0.37

0.53

-0.7

4

Pot

assi

um

(pet

)1.1 1.

01.

10.

44

0.80

-0.9

8

Sod

ium

(p

et)

0.34

0.41

0.42

0.18

0.37

-0.5

9

Sul

fur

(pet

)0.

740.

940.

72

i0.

6

0.28

-0.3

8na

|

na

j na

na

nana

na

na

na

i

na

na

Pho

spho

rus

(pet

)0.

110.

048

0.04

30.

13

0.17

-0.2

3na na

Tab

le E

1. M

inor

and

tra

ce e

lem

ent

resu

lts f

or c

ore

sam

ples

col

lect

ed f

rom

Neo

pit

Mill

Pon

d, N

eopi

t, W

is.,

2001

C

ontin

ued

[ft,

feet

; pe

t, pe

rcen

t; ug

/g,

mic

rogr

ams

per

gram

; na

, no

t av

aila

ble;

US

GS

, U.S

. G

eolo

gica

l S

urve

y. I

nter

val t

op a

nd b

otto

m d

epth

s ar

e no

t co

rrec

ted

for

reco

very

rat

io.

Thr

esho

ld a

nd p

roba

ble

effe

ct c

once

ntra

tions

are

fro

m M

acD

onal

d an

d ot

hers

, 20

00.]

Cor

e num

ber

Ib Ib 2b 7b

US

GS

site

num

ber

4458

5108

8495

000

4458

5108

8495

000

4458

5008

8495

600

4459

0588

5127

00

Ran

ge in

con

cent

ratio

n fr

om e

ight

W

olf

Riv

er b

asin

site

s (S

cudd

er a

nd

othe

rs,

1997

; G

arn

and

othe

rs,

2001

)

Alu

min

um

(p

et)

2.4

An

timo

ny

(ng/

g)0.

5

Ars

enic

(ng/

g)7.

82.

6 0.

6 j

7.9

2.6

0.4

1.6

: 0.

2

2.3-

3.0

na

__

5.6 ^

3.4

5.6-

20Th

resh

old

effe

ct c

once

ntra

tion

na

na

9.79

Pro

babl

e ef

fect

con

cent

ratio

n na

na

33

Ba

riu

m

(ng/

g)27

0

Bery

llium

(ng/

g)0.

830

0 j

0.6

Cadm

ium

... (n

g/g)

_j0.

8

Cerium

Oig/

g)45

1.7

| 35

310

0.7

0.9

3422

0 0.

5I.

I 36

Ch

rom

ium

(ng/

g)50 41 39 87

_J

i

300-

380

! |

< 1-

0.81

0.

4-0.

9 31

-58

, 33

-66

" i

na

, na

na

, na

0.99

Cobalt

(ng/

g)5 4 4 4

Co

pp

er

(ng/

g)28 22

_18 20

5.2-

8.0

13-2

3

Galli

um

(^g/

g)7 6 7 4

<4-1

0

Iron

(ng/

g)1.

81.

71.

41.

4

h -J

2.3-

3.2

na

43.4

na

j

31.6

|

na

; na

La

nth

an

um

(^g/

g)23 18 17 21

18-3

2na

4.98

na

'

111

na

149

na

j na

na

Tab

le E

1. M

inor

and

tra

ce e

lem

ent

resu

lts f

or c

ore

sam

ples

col

lect

ed f

rom

Neo

pit

Mill

Pon

d, N

eopi

t, W

is.,

20

01

Con

tinue

d I

[ft,

feet

; pe

t, pe

rcen

t; ug

/g,

mic

rogr

ams

per

gram

; na

, no

t av

aila

ble;

US

GS

, U

.S.

Geo

logi

cal

Sur

vey.

Int

erva

l top

and

bot

tom

dep

ths

are

not

corr

ecte

d fo

r re

cove

ry r

atio

.T

hres

hold

and

pro

babl

e ef

fect

con

cent

ratio

ns a

re f

rom

Mac

Don

ald

and

othe

rs,

2000

.] |

Cor

e num

ber

Ib Ib 2b 7b

US

GS

site

num

ber

4458

5108

8495

000

4458

5108

8495

000

4458

5008

8495

600

Lead

(ng/

g)4

0

h " 26

4459

0588

5127

00

22

...

| .....

_..

_._

._!

Ran

ge in

con

cent

ratio

n fr

om e

ight

W

olf

Riv

er b

asin

site

s (S

cudd

er a

nd

othe

rs,

1997

; G

arn

and

othe

rs,

2001

)16

-40

Lith

ium

(ng'g

)M

anga

nese

fog/

g)15

'

350

13 13 10

270

250

Me

rcu

ry

Mo

lyb

de

nu

m

(ng/

g)

j (m

g/g)

0.13

J

5.7

0.1

; 6.

5

0.1

i 2.

6

320

i 0.

17

' 0.

7i i

10-1

31,

600-

3,50

0

Thr

esho

ld e

ffect

conce

nin

itioii

[ 35

.8

I na

|

na

0.04

-6.1

0.

5-<

2.0

Neodym

ium

(Mi/g

)20 15

r

M- ~

"

18

16-2

7

Nic

kel

1 (^

g/g)

13 10 10

Nio

biu

m

(ng/

g)9 8 7

Sca

ndiu

m

{u-g

/g)

5 4 4

8 5

i 4

1 L 7-

14

Sel

enui

m_

(Mg/g

)2.

0

1.7

1.4

Silv

er

fog/

g)0.

1

0.1

0.1

4.6

| <

.l1

i

<4-

84.

8-7.

0 ,

0.9-

5.3

0.18

na

!

na

22.7

na

na

na

Pro

babl

e ef

fect

coi

K'L

-ntia

tioii

| 12

8 '

na

\ na

1.06

na

0.2-

0.7

na

na

i 48

.6

na

na

na

! na

Str

on

tium

(Ml/g

)61 59 60 48

63-8

7

na na

Tabl

e E1

. M

inor

and

tra

ce e

lem

ent r

esul

ts f

or c

ore

sam

ples

col

lect

ed f

rom

Neo

pit

Mill

Pon

d, N

eopi

t, W

is.,

2001

C

ontin

ued

[ft,

feet

; pe

t, pe

rcen

t; ug

/g,

mic

rogr

ams

per g

ram

; na

, no

t ava

ilabl

e; U

SG

S,

U.S

. G

eolo

gica

l S

urve

y. I

nter

val t

op a

nd b

otto

m d

epth

s ar

e no

t cor

rect

ed f

or r

ecov

ery

ratio

.Th

resh

old

and

prob

able

effe

ct c

once

ntra

tions

are

from

Mac

Don

ald

and

othe

rs,

2000

.]

Cor

e nu

mbe

rIb Ib 2b 7b

US

GS

site

num

ber

4458

5108

8495

000

4458

5108

8495

000

4458

5008

8495

600

4459

0588

5127

00

Ran

ge in

con

cent

ratio

n fro

m e

ight

W

olf R

iver

bas

in s

ites

(Scu

dder

and

ot

hers

, 19

97;

Gar

n an

d ot

hers

, 20

01)

Tho

rium

(ng/

g)6 5

H-^

4

3.6-

11

Tin

(ng/

g)3 3 2 1

1.4-

<5

Tita

nium

(ng/

g)0.

14

0.16

Ura

nium

(ng/

g)15 15

0.16

7

0.08

2 4.

5

Van

adiu

m(n

g/g)

38 40 38 25

Yttr

ium

(>g/

g)r

13 10 10

Zin

c(n

g/g)

140

110

9014

13

0

i :

<1

Thr

esho

ld e

ffect

con

cent

ratio

n |

na

na

j na

2.4-

4.7

-

-ina

Pro

babl

e ef

fect

con

cent

ratio

n na

;

na

na

na

.

42-6

0

na na

14-2

261

-130

na

! 12

1

-

na

459

'

Tabl

e F1

. Org

anic

com

poun

ds d

etec

ted

in co

re s

ampl

es c

olle

cted

from

Neo

pit M

ill P

ond,

Neo

pit,

Wis

., 20

01[f

t, fe

et;

g, g

ram

; kg,

kilo

gram

; jig

, mic

rogr

am; E

, est

imat

ed; U

SGS,

U.S

. Geo

logi

cal S

urve

y;<,

les

s th

an; i

nter

val t

op a

nd b

otto

m d

epth

s ar

e no

t cor

rect

ed f

or re

cove

ry r

atio

.]

o .Q 3 C 2 o o lc lc lc lc 2c 2c 7c

0)

.Q 3 C

0) w CO 0 CO D44

5851

0884

9500

044

5851

0884

9500

044

5851

0884

9500

044

5851

0884

9500

044

5850

0884

9560

044

5850

0884

9560

044

5905

8851

2700

_.

Q.

O ? O £ 0.00

0.05

0.50

0.55

0.10

0.15

0.20

0 £

0

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58

Table F2. Organic compounds (micrograms per kilogram) not detected incore samples collected from Neopit Mill Pond, Neopit, Wis., 2001

2,2'-Biquinoline

3,5'-Xylenol

4-Bromophenylphenylether

4-Chlorophyenyl phenyl ether

l-Methyl-9H-fluorene

Acridine

Aldrin

alpha-HCH

2-Methylanthracene

Dibenz[a,h]anthraceneAzobenzene1 ,2,4-Trichlorobenzene

Hexachlorobenzene

1 ,3-Dichlorobenzene

Nitrobenzene

1 ,2-Dichlorobenzene

1 ,4-Dichlorobenzene

Pentachloronitrobenzene

Benzo[c]cinnoline

Beta-HCH

bis(2-Chloroisopropyl) ether

bis(2-Chloroethyl) ether

Hexachlorobutadiene

Chloroneb

cis-Chlordane

cis-Nonachlor

cis-Permethrin

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene

Dacthal

Dieldrin

N-Nitrosodiphenylamine

N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine

alpha-Endosulfan

Endrin

Hexachloroe thane

Heptachlor epoxide

Heptachlor

Isodrin

Isophorone

Isoquinoline

Lindane

4-Chloro-3-methylphenol

2,4,6-Trimethylphenolbis(2-Chloroethoxy)methane

o,p' -Methoxychlor

p,p' -Methoxychlor

Mirex

1 ,2-Dimethylnaphthalene

2-Chloronaphthalene

2-Ethyhiaphthaleneo,p'-DDD

o,p'-DDE

o,p'-DDT

Oxychlordanep,p'-DDD

p,p'-DDT

Polychlorinated biphenyls

Pentachloroanisole

Phenanthridine2,4-Dichlorophenol

2,4-Dinitrophenol

4,6-Dinitro-2-methylphenol

C8-Alkylphenol

4-Nitrophenol

2-Chlorophenol

2-Nitrophenol

2,4,6-Trichlorophenol

Dimethyl phthalateDi-n-octyl phthalate

1-Methylpyrene

Quinoline2,4-Dinitrotoluene

2,6-Dinitrotoluene

Toxaphenetrans-Chlordane

trans-Nonachlor

trans-Permethrin