Zuñiga et al 2006 Colombia and Ecuadorian Anacroneuria_plecoptera.pdf

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Colombian and Ecuadorian Anacroneuria (Plecoptera:Perlidae): seven new species, records and life stagesMara Del Carmen Ziga

a, Bill P. Stark

b, Juan Jos Vsconez

c, Fabin Bersosa

d& L.

Diego Vimose

aValle University, Cali, Colombia

bDepartment of Biology, Mississippi College, Clinton, Mississippi, USA

cAGUA Foundation, Quito, Ecuador

dECOCIENCIA Foundation, Quito, Ecuador

eAzuay University, Cuenca, Ecuador

Version of record first published: 16 Feb 2007.

To cite this article:Mara Del Carmen Ziga , Bill P. Stark , Juan Jos Vsconez , Fabin Bersosa & L. Diego Vimos (2006):Colombian and Ecuadorian Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae): seven new species, records and life stages, Studies onNeotropical Fauna and Environment, 41:1, 45-57

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Colombian and Ecuadorian Anacroneuria(Plecoptera: Perlidae): seven

new species, records and life stages

MARIA DEL CARMEN ZUNIGA1, BILL P. STARK2, JUAN JOSE VASCONEZ3,

FABIAN BERSOSA4, & L. DIEGO VIMOS5

1Valle University, Cali, Colombia,

2Department of Biology, Mississippi College, Clinton, Mississippi, USA,

3AGUA

Foundation, Quito, Ecuador, 4

ECOCIENCIA Foundation, Quito, Ecuador and 5

Azuay University, Cuenca, Ecuador

(Received 5 September 2003; accepted 7 July 2005)

AbstractFrom Colombia and Ecuador seven new species of stoneflies are described: Anacroneuria arcabuco, A. cajas, A. chachis,

A. choco, A. iguaque, A. mindoand A. paisa. New records are also presented for A. azulRojas & Baena, A. bifasciata (Pictet)A. calimaBaena & Rojas, A. caracaStark, A. fenestrata (Pictet), A. quillaStark & Zuniga, A. rickiZuniga & Stark, A. socapaStark & Zuniga, and A. yameo Stark & Sivec. In addition, the previously unknown females ofA. anchicaya Baena & Zuniga,

A. jewettiStark and A. portilla Stark & Rojas are described.

Keywords:Stoneflies, Plecoptera, Anacroneuria, new species, Colombia, Ecuador

Introduction

Anacroneuria is a widespread Neotropical stoneflygenus found throughout much of South America

from northern Argentina, Bolivia and Brazil through

Central America and Mexico and into Texas and

Arizona (Stark, 1995). The genus is apparently the

most species rich in the order Plecoptera with

approximately 280 taxa currently recognized as valid

(Stark, unpublished), however little ecological and

biological data, and relatively few associations of life

stages are available for these species.

Some recent progress has been made in docu-

menting the Colombian and Ecuadorian Anacro-

neuria fauna (Stark et al., 1999; Stark, 2001; Zuniga

& Stark, 2002). An additional study (Stark & Zuniga,2003) on the A. guambiana complex also includes

records from Colombia and Ecuador. These studies

present records of 47 Anacroneuria species from

Colombia and 41 for Ecuador.

Here we describe seven new species, three from

Colombia, three from Ecuador and one from both

countries and provide new geographical records for

locations within Colombia and Ecuador.

Materials and methods

Holotype specimens are deposited in the Museo deEntomologa de la Universidad del Valle, Cali

(MEUV), some other specimens are deposited in

the National Museum of Natural History, Washing-

ton (USNM), the Stark collection at Mississippi

College, Clinton (BPS), the Collecion Entomologica

de la Corporacion de Investigaciones Biologicas,

Medellin (CECIB), the Museo de Entomologa de la

Universidad de Antioquia, Medelln (MEUA), the

Museo de Entomologa Francisco Luis Gallego de

la Universidad Nacional, Medelln (MEFLG), and

the Museo de Historia Natural, Coleccion de

Entomologa, Insituto de Ciencias Naturales, Uni-

versidad Nacional, Santafe de Bogota (UN-ICN).

Results

Anacroneuria arcabuco sp. n. Zuniga & Stark

(Figures 1 4)

Holotype


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Leyva-Arcabuco, 2500 m, blacklight trap, 1.XII.

2002, M. del C. Zuniga, N. Aranguren, A.J.

Cardozo- Zuniga (MEUV).

Description

Adult habitus. Head pattern mostly pale with

obscure pale brown on lappets and central frons.Pronotum with pale mesal and lateral bands sepa-

rated by wide diffuse brown bands (Figure 1).

Femora pale except near apex; tibia pale brown.

Wing membrane transparent, veins pale.

Male. Forewing length 17.5 mm. Hammer thim-

ble shaped. Aedeagal apex turned sharply ventrad in

lateral aspect and bearing a pair of ear-like lobes

(Figures 2 and 3) giving a trilobed appearance;

frontal margins of shoulders scalloped and separated

from mesal lobe of apex by deep grooves; ventral

membranous lobes reduced, hooks long and slender;

base of dorsal keel sharp, triangular, but keel apex

beyond base obscure (Figure 4).

Female unknown.

Nymph unknown.

Ecological notes

The type locality, Quebrada Mamarramos, is a smallstream about 2.5 m wide during the dry season and

no more than 0.5 m in depth. The site is in the East

Range of the Natural Region Andinum in Colombia

with mixed riparian vegetation and substrate ranging

from sand to boulder in composition. Water tem-

perature at the time of collection was 158C.

Diagnosis

This species is closely related to A. tejon Baena &

Stark but is larger (17.5 mm FWL vs. 13 mm) and

the lateral ear-like lobes of the aedeagal apex are

larger and set nearer the tip than in that species. The

anterior margins are also more scalloped in both

dorsal and ventral aspect than in A. tejon(Stark et al.,

1999).

Etymology

The species name, used as a noun in apposition, is

based on the type locality in Municipio de Arcabuco.

Anacroneuria cajas sp. n. Zuniga & Vimos

(Figures 5 9)

Types

Holotype < and 24 < Paratypes from ECUADOR,

Azuay, Parque Natural Nacional Cajas, Ro Suru-

cucho, 15 km east of Cuenca, 3100 m, 0285002200N,

7980903200W, blacklight trap, 10.V.2003. M. del C.

Zuniga, D. Vimos, E. Zarate, R. J. Cardozo-Zuniga

and co-workers (holotype and paratypes retained by

MEUV until a permanent Ecuadorian repository is

selected). Additional paratype: 1


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simple scoop, gradually narrowed from broad

shoulders to pointed tip (Figure 7); membranous

ventral lobes obscure, circular, hooks slender; keel of

two moderately long but weak ridges (Figure 8).

Female unknown.

Nymph unknown.

Etymology


based on the type locality in Parque NaturalNacional Cajas.

Diagnosis

This species keys to couplet 29 in Stark (2001) if the

choice without conspicuous membranous lobes is

made at couplet 8; at couplet 29 neither of the

alternatives, A. canelo Stark or A. puna Stark, are

reasonable. If the choice with one or two conspic-

uous membranous lobes is made at couplet 8, the

species keys to A. jivaro Stark. It differs from this

species in the conspicuous constriction of the aedeagal

apex beyond the shoulders (Figures 7 and 9).

Ecological notes

The type locality in Parque Natural Nacional Cajas is

in a region of high mountains, the Andinum Paramo,

at a stream site about 7.0 m wide and 0.8 m deep.

Collections were made during the rainy season with

water temperature of 108C and pH 7.9. Substrate

was predominantly gravel and sand.

Anacroneuria chachis sp. n. Stark & Vasconez

(Figures 10 14)

Anacroneuria aymaraStark, 2001, not Stark & Sivec

(1998).

Types

Holotype


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7884505500W, 20.V.2003, blacklight trap, M. del C.

Zuniga, J. J. Vasconez, R. J. Cardozo-Zuniga

(holotype retained by MEUV until a permanent

Ecuadorian repository is selected); Paratype:

ECUADOR, 1


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Ecological notes

Rio Mindo is in the foothills of the Ecuadorian

Andes near the Pacific region in tropical humid

forest. The stream was about 10 m wide and 0.8 m

deep during the rainy season. Water temperature at

the time of collection was 208C.

Anacroneuria choco sp. n. Stark & Bersosa

(Figures 15 19)

AnacroneuriaCo-7, Zuniga & Stark, 2002.

Types

Holotype < from COLOMBIA, Choco, Municipio

de Acand, Cerrro de Tripogand, 2 km Bahia de

Napu, Quebrada Coquital, 882305800N, 7780804600W,

July 2000, blacklight trap, 115 m, M. P. Rozo, C.

Camargo (MEUV). Paratypes: COLOMBIA, 11 ,,

Choco, same location except, 16 18.VI.1999, M.

del C. Zuniga, M. P. Rozo, C. Camargo, L. C. Vera,

T. Daz (MEUV, BPS, USNM); COLOMBIA, 1


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M. del C. Zuniga, J. J. Vasconez, R. J. Cardozo-Zuniga

(Paratypes from Ecuador retained by MEUV until a

permanent Ecuadorian repository is selected).

Description

Adult habitus. Head yellow with diffuse brown on lap-

pets and central frons forward of ocelli. Pronotum paleon median band and along lateral margins, dark brown

in an irregular mid lateral to lateral band (Figure 15).

Wing membrane transparent but tinted along M, Cu

and R veins and around window beyond cord. Femora

dark in apical fourth, pale basally; tibiae pale brown.

Male. Forewing length 8.5 9.0 mm. Hammer

thimble shaped, height greater than apical diameter.

Aedeagal apex trilobed; lateral lobes relatively acute

in ventral and dorsal aspect (Figures 17 and 19) but

rounded in lateral aspect (Figure 18); ventral mem-

branous lobes conspicuous, hooks slender; dorsal

keel obscure (Figure 19).

Female. Forewing length 11.0 12.0 mm. Subgeni-tal plate with four subequal lobes; outer lobes slightly

wider and longer than inner lobes (Figure 16). Trans-

verse sclerite of sternum 9 reduced to a small curved

plate set forward of membranous microtrichia patch on

posterior margin. Median sclerite with fine mesal setal

patch and larger setae in lateral patches.

Nymph unknown.

Etymology


based on the type locality in Departamento del Choco.

Diagnosis

In Stark (1999) the males of this species key to

A. paletaStark but the aedeagus of that species lacks

large membranous lobes and the lateral lobes project

entirely from the ventrolateral surface, whereas in

A. choco the anterolateral margins of the dorsal

surface project to form the lateral lobes. In Stark

(2001), A. choco keys to A. cayapa, an Ecuadorian

species which has rounded lateral aedeagal lobes, a

distinctive keel on the mesal aedeagal lobe, and lacks

ventral membranous lobes. In addition A. cayapa

lacks the distinctive wing pigment pattern ofA. choco.

That pattern, as indicated by Zuniga and Stark

(2002), also occurs inA. pariaStark from Venezuela,

but the aedeagal structure of this species is quite

different from that ofA. choco (Stark, 1999).

Ecological notes

The type locality is in the lowland of Region Natural

Pacifica of the Choco caribe in Colombia. The site is

in tropical humid forest with annual rainfall between

1900 and 3000 mm. Quebrada Coquital is about 2 m

wide and about 0.25 m deep at the collection site and

water temperature was 208C at the time of collection

of the holotype. Ecuadorian specimens are from the

northwest part of the country also in the Region

Natural Pacifica and Choco biogeographical region.

Anacroneuria iguaque sp. n. Zuniga & Stark(Figures 20 24)

Types

Holotype < and 2 < Paratypes from COLOMBIA,

Boyaca, Municipio de Arcabuco, Ro Cane, Va Villa

de Leyva-Arcabuco, blacklight trap, 2500m,

12.XII2002, M. del C. Zuniga, N. Aranguren, A. J.

Cardozo-Zuniga and co-workers (MEUV, BPS).

Description

Adult habitus. Head with dark brown patch over

ocelli and lappets, and diffuse brown on central frons

between lappets and behind eyes (Figure 20).

Pronotum mostly dark but with narrow pale median

band and scattered pale areas on disc and along

lateral margins. Femora and tibiae brown. Wing

membrane amber, veins brown.

Male. Forewing length 14 mm. Hammer thimble

shaped, height slightly greater than apical diameter

(Figure 21). Aedeagal apex simple, scoop shaped

with slightly offset mesal lobe at tip (Figures 22 and

24); membranous ventral lobes inconspicuous,

hooks slender; dorsal keel well developed consistingof a pair of parallel ridges united basally to form a

U-shaped process (Figure 24); keel very thin and

prominent in lateral aspect (Figure 23).

Female unknown.

Nymph unknown.

Etymology

The species name, used as a noun in apposition,

refers to the area of forest and fauna reserve at the

type locality.

Diagnosis

This species is generally similar in aedeagal features

toA. planadaBaena & Rojas (Stark et al., 1999) and

A. timoteStark (Stark, 1999) but differs from both in

having the dorsal keel U-shaped.

Ecological notes

The type locality is in high tropical mountains of the

East Range of the Natural Region Andinum in

Colombia. Collections were made in the dry season

50 M. D. C. Zuniga


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when water temperature was 158C, stream width was

about 3.5 m and stream depth was 0.6 m.

Anacroneuria mindo sp. n. Zuniga & Vasconez

(Figures 25 29)

Types

Holotype< from ECUADOR , Pichincha, Parroquia

Mindo, Ro Mindo, 1310 m, 0080305900S, 788

4505500W, blacklight trap, 20.V.2003, M. del C.Zuniga, J. J. Vasconez, R. J. Cardozo-Zuniga

(Holotype retained by MEUV until a permanent

Ecuadorian repository is selected).

Description

Adult habitus. Head pattern obscure due to speci-

men condition but apparently pale or with diffuse

pigment over much of posterior half and with dark

brown lappets (Figure 25). Pronotum with wide

median pale band and darker lateral bands with

scattered pale spots. Femora brown but with pale

longitudinal band, tibiae pale brown. Wing mem-

brane transparent, veins brown, costa pale brown.

Male. Forewing length 16.5 mm. Hammer thim-

ble shaped, height subequal to apical diameter

(Figure 26). Aedeagal apex short, wide and with a

pair of prominent dorsoapical horns (Figures 27 and

29); ventral membranous lobes obscure, hooks

slender; dorsal keel of two low curved ridges; horns

obscure in lateral aspect (Figure 28).

Female unknown.

Nymph unknown.

Etymology


based on Ro Mindo, the type locality.

Diagnosis

This species is similar in aedeagal features to

A. caraca Stark but the apical area is more com-

pressed, the horns are more prominent, the dorsal

Figures 20 24. Anacroneuria iguaquesp. n. 20. Head and pronotum. 21. Male 9th sternum. 22. Aedeagus ventral. 23. Aedeagus lateral.

24. Aedeagus dorsal.

New Colombian and EcuadorianAnacroneuria species 51


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keel more conspicous and the hooks are slender rather

than subchelate as in that species (Stark, 1995). In

addition, A. caraca males are much smaller with

forewing lengths of around 10 mm.

Ecological notes

See above under A. chachis.

Anacroneuria paisa sp. n. Zuniga & Stark,

(Figures 30 34)

Types

Holotype < from COLOMBIA, Antioquia, Munici-

pio de Medelln, Parque Ecologico Piedras Blancas,

Quebrada Matasano, blacklight trap, 2350 m,

13.X.2002, 0681602200N, 7583000600W, M. del C.

Zuniga, J. A. Posada, A. J. Cardozo-Zuniga (MEUV).

Description

Adult habitus. Head mostly pale but with diffuse

pigment on lappets and central frons forward of

ocelli (Figure 30). Pronotum pale with narrow mid-

lateral bands. Femora pale except for dark apical

band; tibiae pale brown. Wing membrane transpar-

ent, veins pale brown but darker M-veins form anX-pattern when folded over abdomen.

Male. Forewing length 16.5 mm. Hammer

thimble shaped, height greater than apical diameter

(Figure 31). Aedeagal apex a simple narrow,

subapically constricted scoop (Figure 32); ventral

membranous lobes prominent, hooks scythe

shaped; dorsal keel of two long curved ridges which

touch beyond mid-length to form an X-pattern

(Figure 34).

Female unknown.

Nymph unknown.

Figures 25 29. Anacroneuria mindo sp. n. 25. Head and pronotum. 26. Male 9th sternum. 27. Aedeagus ventral. 28. Aedeagus lateral.

29. Aedeagus dorsal.

52 M. D. C. Zuniga


10/14

Etymology


based on an informal name for the native people of

Antioquia.

Diagnosis

The aedeagus of this species is similar to twoEcuadorian species, A. rawlinsiStark and A. tungur-

ahua Stark, in having a long slender, subapically

constricted aedeagal tip with long dorsal keel (Stark,

2001). However,A. paisadiffers from both in having

prominent membranous lobes. These species are

found at elevations above 2000 m.

Ecological notes

The type locality is in the Central Range of the

Natural Region Andinum of Colombia. The site is in

low mountains with humid forest having a mean

annual precipitation of 1815 mm. Water temperature

at the time of collection was 158C, stream width was

about 2.5 m and depth about 0.5 m. The collection

was made during the rainy season.

New records

Anacroneuria anchicaya Baena & Zuniga

(Figure 35)

Anacroneuria anchicaya Baena & Zuniga in Stark

et al., 1999. Holotype < Colombia ,Valle del Cauca,

Alto Anchicaya.

Examined material

COLOMBIA: 5


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blacklight trap, 11.IV.2002, 0480703900N, 768220

0600W, M. del C. Zuniga, J. Ballesteros, A. J.

Cardozo-Zuniga (USNM, BPS); 16


12/14

Anacroneuria caracaStark

Anacroneuria caraca Stark, 1995. Holotype


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Putative female

Forewing length 13.5 mm. Subgenital plate of four

subequal lobes (Figure 36); outer lobes slightly

longer than inner lobes. Sternum 9 with well-

developed transverse sclerite; mesal sclerite with

typical setal patches (Figure 36). Eggs spindle shaped

and typical of genus.

Anacroneuria portillaStark & Zuniga (Figure 37)

Anacroneuria portilla Stark & Zuniga in Stark et al.,

1999. Holotype


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J. F. Ruiz (MEUV); 1

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