The probable primeval home, or Paradise, is here assumed to be Lemuria, atropical continent at present lying below the level of the Indian Ocean, theformer existence of which in the Tertiary period seems very probable fromnumerous facts in animal and vegetable geography. But it is also very possiblethat the hypothetical cradle of the human race lay further to the east (inHindostan or Further India), or further to the west (in eastern Africa). Futureinvestigations, especially in comparative anthropology and paleontology, will,it is to be hoped enable us to determine the probable position of the primevalhome of man more deWnitely than it is possible to do at present.39The probable primeval home, or Paradise, is here assumed to be Lemuria, atropical continent at present lying below the level of the Indian Ocean, theformer existence of which in the Tertiary period seems very probable fromnumerous facts in animal and vegetable geography. But it is also very possiblethat the hypothetical cradle of the human race lay further to the east (inHindostan or Further India), or aw3tto the west (in eastern Africa). Futureinvestigations, especially in comparative anthropology and paleontology, will,it is to be hoped enable us to determine the probable position of the primevalhome of man more deWnitely than it is possible to do at present.39The probable primeval home, or Paradise, is here assumed to be Lemuria, atropical continent at present lying below the level of the Indian Ocean, theformer existence of which in the Teytzs4etszrtiary period seems very probable fromnumerous facts in animal and vegetable geography. But it is also very possiblethat the hypothetical cradle of the human race lay further to the east (inHindostan or Further India), or further to the west (in eastern Africa). Futureinvestigations, especially in comparative anthropology and paleontology, will,it is to be hoped enable us to determine the probable position of the primevalhome of man more deWnitely than it is possible to do at present.39EveTo recall, Lemuria assumes a cartographic identity for the Wrst time in 1870,in a German map that appears in the second revised edition of ErnstHaeckels Natrliche Schpfungsgeschichte. Reprinted a few years later, in 1876,in English and with some minor variations, the map is revealingly titledHypothetical Sketch of the Monophyletic Orxgdigin and of the Extension ofthe 12 Races of Man from Lemuria over Earth (see Fig. 3 ).38 The map inGerman is of Earth today, with its continents and oceans clearly outlinedand roughly drawn to scale. The shadowy contours of Lemuria extendfrom Madagascar through India to the islands of Southeast Asia. Its boundariesare left fuzzy, but it is clear that it is a landmass that lay almost entirelyin the southern hemisphere, south of the Equator but north of the Tropicof Capricorn. Fanning out from Lemuria are numerous arrows signifyingthe movement of the twelve races of man as they moved out of Paradise concerns of this chapter. Butbefore I turn to this, I explore zst ethe two other traditions of mapping Lemuria,among Euro-American paleo-scientists and occultists, taw4tz4hat precede the riseof Tamil cartographic labors of 54q345q32loss.w4drMAPP32t5r3q32q23ING t3stPALEO LEMURIA234q234q24zToely an uncommon artifact, especiallytw43y6tw345623 in urydrban nije ilo u racun da ljudi takvfyifyh44e67saaw356sposobnosti, znanjj xcfa gset w3q3a#T se4zse4i uticaja izw4adu iz zatvora y4eye. Svaki od tih lj5745uhdrzdzsd4rei je vrijedio tds rolikoxcirculatys4weyed cartographic representations oftheir im6x4664563463476agined Dravidian nation in their bid for separation from India.35Maps have also been cfgx5T 34YTAW3AW3drzby pola35a35itical pywa4yywaarties associated with a resurgentHindu nationalism icxrtn rxdrthecent been used by political parties associated with a resurgentHindu nzs3tz3sationalism TETin recent yeA3S4Tzs4rdyts4yars.36 In th4eyyd54yu4e5e postcolonial pxryxceriod, the Indianstate, as well as several state governF6DIRTments, hav5qwry35q35e published thematic mapsand atlases of various sortsdzsrey. All this suzs3trzggestjdzrtjxcs that the modern map, as a technologyfor representing zsetzestthe spaEW5XFCHUILJIPd5ydzr;IJOJO';JO'tial dzrzrxhs of the world, even while not3s5ta35ubiquitous,precolonial ways of mapDTAping space.37 To this extent,the modern sciTo recall, Lemuria assumes a cartographic ixfh xfchdentity for the Wrst time in 1870,in a German map that appears in the second revised edition of ErnstHaeckels Natrliche Schpfungsgeschichte. Reprinted a few years later, in 1876,in English and with some minor variations, the map sertzetis revealingly titledHypothetical Sketch oz44ysy f the Monoptzsethyletic Origin and ofhxcf the Extension ofthe 12 Races of Man from Lemuria over Earth (sgdgzxegee Fig. 3 ).38 The map inGerman is of Earth todaydzrydruy, with its continents an zrxh d oceans clearly outlinedand roughly drawn to scale. The shadowxcrhy contours of Lemuria extendfrom Madagascar setz3sthrough India to the islands of Southeast Asia. Itj cgs boundariesare left fuzzy, but it is clear that it is a landmasxrcs that lay aly4most entirelyin the southern hemisphere, soutdgzxh of the Equator but north of tgzhe Tropicof Capricorn. Fansetning osetzeut from Lemuria are numerous arrows signifyingthe movement of the twelve races of man as they moved out of Pamjcgjradisejjxdrzsezettjh