ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 Overview Bluetooth Wireless...

HanyangHanyang Univ. CASP lab.Univ. CASP lab.

IEEE 802.15.4 기반 Sensor Network System

ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 OverviewBluetooth Wireless Protocol

Hanyang UniversityCASP LAB

02-2296-0390Http://casp.hanyang.ac.kr


New Trend of Wireless Technology

Most Wireless industry focus on increasing high data throughputA set of applications requiring simple wireless connectivity, relaxed throughput, very low power, short distance and inexpensiveness:

Industrial AgriculturalVehicularResidentialMedical


IEEE 802.15 Working Group

UWB Zigbee


Comparison Between WPAN


Wireless MarketsS

HO

RT

<

R

AN

GE

RA

NG

E>

LO

NG

LOW < DATA RATEDATA RATE > HIGH

PANPAN

LANLAN

TEXT GRAPHICS INTERNET HI-FI AUDIO

STREAMINGVIDEO

DIGITALVIDEO

MULTI-CHANNELVIDEO

Bluetooth1

Bluetooth 2ZigBee

802.11b

802.11a/HL2 & 802.11g


Wireless Technologies

10

100

1,000

10,000

10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000

Bandwidthkbps

GSM

802.11a/g

GPRS EDGE 20002003-4

2005

Bluetooth

3G

HiperLAN/2Bluetooth 2.0

RangeMeters

802.11bZigBee

WiMediaBluetooth 1.5


Bluetooth Wireless Protocol Overview

Bluetooth SIGWireless TechnologyWireless MarketBluetooth Products


BluetoothNamed after Harold Bluetooth, King of Denmark (0952-0995 A.D.)Ericsson a Scandinavian company and founding member said to have suggested the code nameTechnology allows for the connection of one device to another using a universal short-wave radio link


Bluetooth SIG

Special Interest Group formed by leaders in telecommunications and computing industriesFounded in1998 by: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba, 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft and MotorolaDeveloped a royalty-free, open specificationNow has 1883 adopter member companies


How Does Bluetooth Work?

Short Range RF at 2.45 GHZ called ISMUses Quick Frequency Hoping Packet Switched ProtocolTransceiver has a unique 48 Bit AddressUsing IEEE 802 StandardPiconet Network Structure


How Does Bluetooth Works?(cont.)


How Does Bluetooth Works?(cont.)

More than one Piconet is a ScatternetUp to Eight Devices Allowed in a PiconetEach Piconet is Identified by a Different Frequency Hopping SequenceConnections can be made up to 10 meters or extended up to 100 metersPower Consumption is .3mASupports Half-Duplex or Full-DuplexTime Division Duplex Scheme is used fo Full-Duplex


Competing Technologies

IrDA- Infrared Data AssociationNarrow Angle Infrared Ad-Hoc Data StandardRange is 0-1 Meter at 9600bps to 4Mbps

HomeRF2.4 GHz ISMUses Swap a Derivative of IEEE 802 StandardSWAP( Shared Wireless Access Protocol)


Bluetooth Protocol Stack

InteroperabilityDifferent Applications can run over Different Protocol StacksOpen InterfaceProtocol Divided Into 4 layers



Host Controller Interface(HCI)- Command Interface to Baseband Controller, Link Mgr, & Access to HardwareBluetooth Core Protocols

Baseband-pluse link Layer Provide RF link to Create PiconetsAudio-Goes Directly to Baseband LayerLink Manager Protocol(LMP)- Link setup between Bluetooth DevicesLogical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol(L2CAP)-Adapts Upper Layer Protocols over the BasebandService Discovery Protocol- Provides Device Information and Characteristics



Cable Replacement ProtocolRFCOMM- Serial Line Replacement Protocol; Emulates RS-232

Telephony Control ProtocolsTelephony Control Binary(TCS)- Defines Call Control Signaling for Speech and DataTelephony Control-AT Commands- Provides Interface capabilities with Mobile Phones, Modems , Faxes



Adopted ProtocolsPPP(Point-To-Point Protocol)TCP/UDP/IPOBEX-Session Protocol for IrDA(Infrared Data Association)Contents Fromat(e.g. vCard, vCalendar)WAP-Wireless Application Protocol


Bluetooth Security

Supports Unidirectional or Mutual Encryption based on a Secret Link key Shared Between Two DevicesSecurity Defined In 3 modes:

Mode1- No SecurityMode 2 - Service Level Security: Not Established Before Channel is Established at L2CAPMode 3 - Link Level Security: Device Initiates Security Before LMP Link is Setup


Bluetooth Security

Devices and Services can be Set for Different Levels of Security

Two Trust Levels are Set for DevicesTrusted Device: Fixed Relationship and Unrestricted Access to All ServicesUntrusted: No Permanent relationship and Restricted Services


Bluetooth Security

3 Levels of Service AccessRequire Authorization and AuthenticationRequire Authentication OnlyDefault Security for Legacy Applications


Bluetooth Security


Potential Bluetooth Markets


Target Markets

The first wave1. PC, Notebooks2. Organizers & Palm Computers3. Headsets 4. Cellular/PCS 5. Cordless phones 6. Automotive cellular7. Digital cameras8. PBX


Target Markets

The second wave1. Printers2. Photo printers3. Fax machines4. Industrial, musical and vertical industries products


Target Markets

The third wave1. Home networking2. Office networks3. Video projectors4. Set top boxes


ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 Overview

Low power consumptionLow costLow offered message throughputSupports large network orders (<= 65k nodes)Low to no QoS guaranteesFlexible protocol design suitable for many applications


ZigBee Network Applications

PERSONAL HEALTH

CARE

ZigBeeLOW DATA-RATE RADIO DEVICES

HOME AUTOMATION

CONSUMER ELECTRONIC

S

TV VCRDVD/CDRemote control

securityHVAClightingclosures

PC & PERIPHERAL

S

consolesportables

educationalTOYS & GAMES

INDUSTRIAL &

COMMERCIAL

monitorssensors

automationcontrol

mousekeyboardjoystick

monitorsdiagnostics

sensors


What is ZigBee Alliance?

An organization with a mission to define reliable, cost effective, low-power, wirelessly networked, monitoring and control products based on an open global standardThe alliance provides interoperability, certification testing, and branding.


ZigBee/802.15.4 ArchitectureZigBee Alliance

45+ companies: semiconductor mfrs, IP providers, OEMs, etc.Defining upper layers of protocol stack: from network to application, including application profilesFirst profiles published mid 2003

IEEE 802.15.4 Working Group

Defining lower layers of protocol stack: MAC and PHY


How is ZigBee related to IEEE 802.15.4?

ZigBee takes full advantage of a powerful physical radio specified by IEEE 802.15.4ZigBee adds logical network, security and application softwareZigBee continues to work closely with the IEEE to ensure an integrated and complete solution for the market


ZigBee/802.15.4 Technology: General Characteristics

Data rates of 250 kbps , 20 kbps and 40kpbs.Star or Peer-to-Peer operation.Support for low latency devices.CSMA-CA channel access.Dynamic device addressing.Fully handshaked protocol for transfer reliability.Low power consumption.16 channels in the 2.4GHz ISM band, 10 channels in the 915MHz ISM band and one channel in the European 868MHz band.Extremely low duty-cycle (<0.1%)


IEEE 802.15.4 Basics

802.15.4 is a simple packet data protocol for lightweight wireless networks

Channel Access is via Carrier Sense Multiple Access with collision avoidance and optional time slottingMessage acknowledgement and an optional beacon structureMulti-level securityWorks well for

Long battery life, selectable latency for controllers, sensors, remote monitoring and portable electronics

Configured for maximum battery life, has the potential to last as long as the shelf life of most batteries


IEEE 802.15.4 Device Types

There are two different device types :A full function device (FFD)A reduced function device (RFD)

The FFD can operate in three modes servingDeviceCoordinatorPAN coordinator

The RFD can only operate in a mode serving:Device


FFD vs RFD

Full function device (FFD)Any topologyNetwork coordinator capableTalks to any other device

Reduced function device (RFD)Limited to star topologyCannot become a network coordinatorTalks only to a network coordinatorVery simple implementation


Star Topology

Full Function Device (FFD)Reduced Function Device (RFD)Communications Flow

NetworkNetworkcoordinatorcoordinator

Master/slave

NetworkNetworkcoordinatorcoordinator


Peer-Peer Topology

Communications FlowFull Function Device (FFD)

Point to pointPoint to point Tree


Combined Topology

Clustered stars - for example,cluster nodes exist between roomsof a hotel and each room has a star network for control.

Full Function Device (FFD)Reduced Function Device (RFD)Communications Flow


Example Network

FFDRFD

RFD

RFD

FFD

FFD

RFD

FFDRFD

RFD

RFD

FFD

FFD

RFD

PAN coordinatorPAN coordinator


Device Addressing

Two or more devices with a POS communicating on the same physical channel constitute a WPAN which includes at least one FFD (PAN coordinator)Each independent PAN will select a unique PAN identifierAll devices operating on a network shall have unique 64-bit extended address. This address can be used for direct communication in the PAN


Device Addressing

A member can use a 16-bit short address, which is allocated by the PAN coordinator when the device is associated.

Addressing modes:star: Network (64 bits) + device identifier (16 bits)peer-to-peer: Source/destination identifier (64 bits)cluster tree: Source/destination cluster tree + device identifier (unclear yet)


Security

Devices can have the ability to :Maintain an access control listUse symmetric cryptography

Security modesUnsecured modeAccess control list modeSecured mode


Security Services

Access controlData encryptionFrame integritySequential freshness


Example: Automatic Meter ReadingSituation

Accurate and timely meter informationChallenge

Enable Time of Use pricingWidely varying meter densityReliable, Secure Bidirectional communication

SolutionZigBee enabled Automatic Meter Reading system

BenefitsSimplified installation via self configuring networkEnables Time of Use pricingSimplifies and reduces cost of reading meters


Conclusions

Simple frame structure.Low power design

power consumption is more important than communication bandwidth.

ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 Overview Bluetooth Wireless...

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