A MAJOR PROJECT SEMINAR ON

ZIG BEE BASED INTELLIGENT HELMET FOR COAL MINERS

Under The Guidance Of

Y. Sowmya Indu Asst. Prof

B.SURENDR (08QK1A0451)J.PRAVEEN

(08QK1A0427)K.VENKATESH (08QK1A0456)MD .FAROOQ (08QK1A0401)

by

COAL MINERS: The persons who are working in the coal mining has to face

various environmental parameters in their mining. They have the danger from the methane, carbon monoxide,

and temperature. So we need to provide a strong security for the people who

are working in the coal mining. The purpose of this project is to provide a solution to mining a

wireless communication and safety monitoring. The person must use the helmet while working in the coal

mining. Here we have to arrange our total circuit within the kit to

provide saftey to the person who is working in coal mining.

INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT

Here we are going to use zig-bee technology and 3 sensors like temperature , humidity and gas sensor.

3 sensors will observe the change in environment parameters and they will give the information to micro controller .

Then micro controller will Verify this values up to date, if any of the value exceeds than rated it will alert to person through the buzzer.

This information is passed to the base station through the zig -bee module.

Then the department at the base station will take saftey precautions to safe the persons who are working in the coal mining.

PROVIDING SECURITY

It is a new wireless technology guided by IEEE 802.15.4 It is currently operates 2.4 GHZ in worldwide at a maximum data

rate up to 250kbps. One of the major advantage is provide noise free for

communication.There are 3 different zigbee devices are there.

1. the zigBee coordinator node.

2. The full function device FFD.3. The reduced function device RFD.

ZIGBEE HAS 3 TYPICAL TRAFFIC TYPES

1. Data is periodic2. Data is intermittent.3. Data is recitative.

ZIG BEE

Low power consumption.

Battery life ranging from months to years.

High security

Applicable for up to 30 feet distance.

Provide noise free for communication.

Zig bee features

BLOCK DIAGRAM

MICRO CONTROLLER

BATTERY SUPPLY ZIG BEE

LCD

MMA-76660L

METHANE SENSOR

BUZZER

HUMIDITY SENSOR

ZIG BEE

HARDWARE COMPONENTSLCDPOWER SUPPLYTemperature SensorBuzzerMax 232Temperature sensorSmoke sensorMicro controllerADC

LCD These are less in price

They consumes less power. A

seven segment display

requires 140W.

Operating voltage is 3-20V

Life time is limited to 50,000

hours

It has 10 I/O lines.

This LCD consist of two glass

plates each coated with the

tin oxide, inside with

transparent electrodes

separated by a liquid crystal

layer of 5um.

POWER SUPPLY

HUMIDITY SENSOR

Humidity sensors are gaining more significance in diverse areas of measurement and controlling technology.

The amount of the water presented in the air is nothing but the humidity.

Specifications: 1. rated voltage - 1 v ac 2. rated power - 0.22 Mw 3. Operating temperature - 0-60

degrees.

BUZZER

Buzzer is a signaling device, usually electronic, typically used in automobiles.

It mostly consist of a number of switches or sensors connected to a control unit.

These buzzers are offered in lightweight compact sizes from the smallest diameter of 12mm to large Pezos electric sounders.

Today, piezoelectric sound components are used in many ways such as home appliances, OA equipment, audio equipment telephones, etc. types of Buzzers as shown.

A standard serial interface for PC, RS232C, requires negative logic, i.e., logic 1 is -3V to -12V and logic 0 is +3V to +12V.

To convert TTL logic, say, TxD and RxD pins of the microcontroller thus need a converter chip. A MAX232 chip has long been using in many microcontrollers boards. It is a dual RS232 receiver / transmitter that meets all RS232 specifications while using only +5V power supply.

It has four level translators, two of which are RS232 transmitters that convert TTL/CMOS input levels into +9V RS232 outputs.

The other two level translators are RS232 receivers that convert RS232 input to 5V. Typical MAX232 circuit is shown below.

MAX-232

The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature.

The LM35 thus has an advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient centigrade scaling.

The LM35 does not require any external calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies of ±1/4°C at room temperature and ±3/4°C over a full -55 to +150°C temperature range.

TEMPERATURE SENSOR(LM35)

Smoke Detector Smoke detector is a device that detects

smoke and issues an alarm.

Two common types of smoke detector

1. Ionization smoke detector

2.the photoelectric smoke detector

The smoke detectors are both used to

detect fire , but not the same type of fire.

Photoelectric smoke detectors are faster

in detecting smoldering fires.

Ionization smoke detectors are better at

detecting flaming fires .

PIN DIAGRAM OF MICRO CONTROLLER(AT89S52)

FOUR PORTS. EIGHT INTERRUPT

SOURCES. LOW POWER

COSUMPTION. HIGH

PERFORMANCE. 4V TO 5.5V

OPERATING RANGE.

256K INTERNAL RAM.

32 PROGRAMMABLE I/O LINES.

Three 16 BIT TIMERS/ COUNTERS.

ADC 0808 Generally the output from the Sensors are in the form of

the analog form, so we need to convert it in to digital

form

That’s why we are going to use ADC.

it is generally used to convert the analog signal to digital

signal.

There are different methods to produce analog signal

from the digital signal

The following are the methods to produce Digital signal

from analog signal

1. digital ramp ADC

2. Successive Approximation ADC

3. Flash ADC

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION 5V DC Supply given from the Battery for The Micro controller

and LCD Three sensors (temperature, humidity ,gas sensor are sensing

the environment continuously. This gives output in analog form where ADC convert it into

digital , that will be given to micro controller. The micro controller verify this values , if any parameter

exceeds then it will alert the buzzer. The Resultant Information is passed to the control unit through

the zib bee. The corresponding action takes place there only.

ADVANTAGES: Safety monitoring of the environment. Improved Services in coal mining . Providing Wireless connection security Faster Checked Out/In Prevent from the high temperature, humidity and harmful gases Quick Searching and can able to give the warning. Cost Avoidance.

APPLICATIONS: Can be applied to the persons who are working in the underground. Can be applied at any weather Conditions.

ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS

CONCLUSION

The project “Zigbee Based Intelligent Helmet for Coal Miners” has been successfully designed and tested.

THANK YOU…!