PRVA REGIONALNA KONFERENCIJA O PROCJENI UTJECAJA NA OKOLIŠ

FIRST REGIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

pod pokroviteljstvom / under the auspices of

Ministarstva zaštite okoliša i prirode Republike Hrvatske / the Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection

of the Republic of Croatia

ZBORNIK SAŽETAKA RADOVA BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

ZADAR, HRVATSKA / ZADAR, CROATIA

18.- 21. rujna 2013. / September 18th - 21st, 2013

Zagreb, rujan 2013. / Zagreb, September 2013

NAKLADNIK / PUBLISHER Hrvatska udruga stru njaka zaštite prirode i okoliša, Zagreb, Hrvatska / Croatian Association of Experts in Nature and Environmental Protection, Zagreb, Croatia UREDNICI/ EDITORS Marta Brki Nenad Mikuli TEHNI KI UREDNIK ZBORNIKA / TECHNICAL BOOK EDITOR Jelena Fressl DIZAJN NASLOVNICE / COVER DESIGN Hrvatska udruga stru njaka zaštite prirode i okoliša, Zagreb, Hrvatska / Croatian Association of Experts in Nature and Environmental Protection, Zagreb, Croatia NAKLADA / CIRCULATION 350 TISAK / PRINTED BY Gradus d.o.o., Sesvete, Hrvatska / Gradus Ltd., Sesvete, Croatia ISBN 978-953-57772-0-5

Autori su odgovorni za sadržaj svojih tekstova kao i za lekturu i prijevod. © 2013 autori sažetaka

Authors are responsible for the content of their texts, as well as for

proofreading and translating them. © 2013 abstract authors

Zagreb, rujan 2013. / Zagreb, September 2013

ORGANIZACIJSKI ODBOR / ORGANIZINIG COMMITEE

Marta Brki

Tomislav urko Dalibor Hati Ivan Martini

Nenad Mikuli Zvonimir Sever

Ilija Šmitran Tadenko Tabain Davor Vešligaj

ZNANSTVENI ODBOR / SCIENTIFIC COMMITEE

SAVJETODAVNI ODBOR / ADVISORY COMMITTEE

Nenad Mikuli

Oleg Antoli

Nataša Bokan Vasilije Buškovi Mehmed Cero

Ognjen aldarovi Hamid ustovi Mojca Golobi

Nevenko Herceg Stjepan Husnjak Vladmir Jelavi Predrag Jovani

Vesna Koš ak Mio Stoši Tarik Kupusovi Tarzan Legovi

Muhamet Malisiu Ivan Martini Darko Mayer

An elka Mihajlov Aleš Mlakar

Rodoljub Olja a Ines Rožani

Dragica Stankovi Zdravko Špiri

Ji í Dusík

Jerzy Jendroska

Vesna Kolar Planinši Ursula Platzer-Schneider

Dinko Poli Petr Roth

Barry Sadler Wiecher Schrage

Zoran Šiki

TEHNI KI ODBOR / TECHNICAL COMMITTEE

Jelena Fressl Bojana Nardi

TAJNIŠTVO / SECRETARIAT

Jelena Fressl

Tajana Uzelac Obradovi

Zahvaljujemo pokrovitelju, sponzorima, lanovima Organizacijskog, Znanstvenog i Savjetodavnog odbora, autorima, uvodni arima, panelistima

okruglih stolova, moderatorima, sudionicima te svima ostalima na njihovom doprinosu realizaciji prve konferencije ovakvog opsega i teme u regiji!

We would like to express our gratitude to our patron, sponsors, members of Organizing, Scientific and Advisory committees, authors, keynote speakers,

panelists of round tables, moderators, participants and everyone else for their contribution to the first ever conference of this scope and subject in the region!

Marta Brki

predsjednica/president

HUSZPO

SADRŽAJ / TABLE OF CONTENT

SEKCIJA 1 - STRATEŠKA PROCJENA UTJECAJA NA OKOLIŠ / SECTION 1 - STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Ji í Dusík, Martin Smutný, Matjaž Harmel, Domagoj Stjepan Krnjak

Reflections on SEA system development in Croatia ........................................................................ 21 Vesna Kolar Planinši , Jelka Habjan, Tomaž Grilj, Barbara Breznik, Mojca Lenardi , Jure Likar, Metka ernel , Katarina Celi

Experience in Transposition and Implementation of the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) in Slovenia ...................................................................................................................................... 22 Aleš Mlakar

The Use and Effectiveness of SEA in Slovenia ................................................................................ 23 Marina Stenek, Loris Elez, Nenad Mikuli

Strateška procjena utjecaja prostornih planova na okoliš kao instrument zaštite prirode ................ 24 Strategic environmental assessment of spatial plans as an instrument for nature conservation ... 25 Tihana Matota, Aleksandra Ani Vu ini , Nenad Mikuli

Analiza varijantnih rješenja u postupku Strateške procjene utjecaja na okoliš kao sredstvo donošenja prostorno - planskih odluka ............................................................................................ 26 Analysis of Alternatives in Strategic Environmental Assessment Process as Instrument Used in Physical Planning Decisions .......................................................................................................... 27 Erna Alihodži

Teorija održivog prostornog planiranja i Strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliša ............................. 28 The theory of sustainable spatial planning and Strategic Environmental Assessment ................... 29 Dinko Kello, Nenad Mikuli , Sandro Gervasio

Environmental Noise Directive and its role in SEA procedures ...................................................... 30 Mario Pokriva , Mirjana Mar eni , Konrad Kiš

Usporedba i razlike u strateškoj procjeni utjecaja na okoliš za Prostorni plan i Operativni program ........................................................................................................................................................ 31 Comparison and Differences Regarding Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment Conducted for Physical Plans and Operational Programmes ................................................................................ 32 Nenad Mikuli , Dinko Kello

Operational Programme Environment 2014-2020 and role of Strategic Environmental Assessment ........................................................................................................................................................ 33 Tomislav Strahovnik, Nenad Mikuli

Istraživanje indikatora okoliša u strateškoj procjeni utjecaja na okoliš energetskog plana i programa ........................................................................................................................................................ 34 Research of environmental indicators in the strategic assessment of the environmental impact of the energy plan and program ................................................................................................................ 35

Koraljka Vahtar-Jurkovi , Sonja Šiši

Strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš dokumenata prostornog ure enja na primjeru Primorsko-goranske županije ........................................................................................................................... 36 Strategic environmental impact assessment of the physical planning documents using the example of the Spatial plan of the Primorsko-goranska County ................................................................... 37 Ognjen Škunca, Tomi Haramina, Fanica Kljakovi Gašpi , Sun ana Rapi , Sanja Grguri , Josip Križan, Lav Bav evi

Multikriterijalna prostorna analiza kao podloga za SPUO plana razvoja marikulture Splitsko-dalmatinske županije ...................................................................................................................... 38 Spatial multi-criteria analysis as a foundation for SEA of mariculture development plan for Split-dalmatian county ............................................................................................................................ 39 Anita Gulam, Anamarija Matak, Vesna Trbojevi

Strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš Plana upravljanja vodnim podru jima .................................. 40 Strategic Environmental Assessment for the River Basin Management Plan .................................. 41 André van Kuijk, A. Pucci

The use of Strategic Environmental Assessment in Transport Masterplanning .............................. 42 Amandine D'Haese, Wouter Dieleman, Jean-Michel Baijot

Strategic Environmental Assessment for institutional decision making: a case-study from the Walloon Region, Belgium ............................................................................................................... 43 Strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš za institucionalno donošenje odluka: analiza slu aja iz Valonske regije u Belgiji ................................................................................................................ 44 Nenad Mikuli , Vesna Kolar Planinši , Vesna Montan

Espoo konvencija i lanac hidroelektrana na rijeci Savi ................................................................... 45 Espoo Convention and Chain of Hydropower Plants on the Sava River ......................................... 46 Vesna Kolar Planinši , Jure Likar, Nenad Mikuli , Anita Gulum, Anamarija Matak

Strategic Environmental Transboundary Assessment between Slovenia and Croatia of Slovenian National Plans for Hydropower Use in Brezice and Mokrice on Lower Sava ................................ 47 Ivica Prli , Mladen Hajdinjak, Jelena Macan,Marija Suri Mihi

Impact of Mobile Telecommunication on Environment and Health ................................................ 48 Niko Malbaša

Biorazgradivi otpad – glavni parametar u vrednovanju sustava mehani ko-biološke obrade miješanog komunalnog otpada ...................................................................................................... 49 Biodegradable waste – main parameter in evaluating the mechanical-biological treatment of municipal waste .............................................................................................................................. 50 Ivica Prli , Tomislav Bituh, Mladen Hajdinjak, Marija Suri Mihi

Industrial Byproducts and Reprocessed Waste Reuse Strategies – existing NORM experiences ... 51

SEKCIJA 2 - PROCJENA UTJECAJA NA OKOLIŠ / SECTION 2 - ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Mario Obrdalj, Domagoj Stjepan Krnjak

Zakon o zaštiti okoliša .................................................................................................................... 55 The Environmetal Protection Act .................................................................................................... 56 Domagoj Stjepan Krnjak, Zrinka Valeti

Pregled statisti kih pokazatelja provedbe procjene utjecaja na okoliš u Republici Hrvatskoj temeljem Zakona o zaštiti okoliša („Narodne novine“ br. 110/07).................................................. 57 Overview of the statistical indicators related to implementation of environment impact assessment in the Republic of Croatia on the basis of the Environmental Protection Act (OG Nr. 110/2007) 58 Nebojša Pokimica, An elka Mihajlov

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA): meaning and framework ........................... 59 Niko Malbaša, Vladimir Jelavi

Povijesni pregled i aktualni problemi procjene utjecaja na okoliš u Republici Hrvatskoj ............... 60 Historical overview and actual environmental impact assessment issues in the Republic of Croatia ........................................................................................................................................................ 61 Katarina Celi

Screening u procjeni utjecaja na okoliš – zakonodavstvo i praksa u EU ......................................... 62 Screening in Environmental Impact Assessment – Legislation and Practice in EU ........................ 63 Lovel Petrovi

Pravni lijekovi podneseni protiv rješenja o procjeni utjecaja na okoliš ........................................... 64 Legal remedies against decisions on environmental impact assessment ......................................... 65 Anamarija Matak, Anita Gulam

Stalno povjerenstvo u postupcima procjene utjecaja na okoliš – prednosti i nedostaci ................... 66 EIA Standing Committee – Advantages and Weaknesses ................................................................ 67 Goranka Radovi

Interakcija prostornih planova i studija utjecaja na okoliš............................................................... 68 Interaction of spatial plans and environmental impact studies ....................................................... 69 Zdenko Mahmutovi , Dalibor Hati , Anja Herak

O nepostojanju sukoba interesa u poslovima procjene utjecaja na okoliš i projektiranja kao sastavnica projektnog ciklusa .......................................................................................................... 70 Absence of conflict of interest in EIA and design activities as a component of the project cycle .... 71 Zdenko Mahmutovi , Dalibor Hati , Domagoj Stjepan Krnjak

Zaštita javnog interesa primjerenim korištenjem postupaka i kriterija odabira ovlaštenika za izradu studija utjecaja na okoliš ................................................................................................................. 72 The impact of inappropriate use of public procurement instruments during selection of authorized personnel for environmental impact studies on the quality of the process of Environmental Impact Assessment ...................................................................................................................................... 73

Zrinka Vladovi -Relja, Dubravka Ba un

Proces izrade studije o procjeni utjecaja zahvata na okoliš ............................................................. 74 The process of preparing the environmental impact assessment study ........................................... 75 Viktor Simon

Procjena utjecaja na okoliš - doprinos unapre enju stanja okoliša ili administrativna prepreka ..... 76 Environmental Impact Assessment - contribution to the improvement of the environment or administrative obstacles ................................................................................................................. 77 Marija Bajica, Mario Obrdalj, Zdravko Špiri

Informatiziranje procesa procjene utjecaja na okoliš ...................................................................... 78 Informatisation of environment impact assessment process ............................................................ 79 Dinko Vujevi , Aleksandra Ani Vu ini

Postupak procjene utjecaja na okoliš – uloga obrazovanja.............................................................. 80 Environmental Impact Assessment Procedure ................................................................................ 81 Koraljka Vahtar-Jurkovi

20 godina provedbe postupka procjene utjecaja na okoliš na podru ju Primorsko-goranske županije ........................................................................................................................................................ 82 20 years of applying the procedure of the environmental impact assessment in Primorsko-goranska County ............................................................................................................................................ 83 Ines Rožani

Ekonomska analiza u sklopu procjene utjecaja na okoliš – komparacija metodologija izrade u Hrvatskoj i EU ................................................................................................................................ 84 Economic Analysis as Part of the Environmental Impact Assessment - Comparison of Methodologies used in Croatia and the EU .................................................................................... 85 Brigita Masnjak, Vladimir Jelavi

Procjena utjecaja na zdravlje u analizi koristi i troškova ............................................................... 86 Health impact assessment in cost – benefit analysis ....................................................................... 87 Elvira Horvati Viduka

Analiza utjecaja na zdravlje ljudi u okviru studija o utjecaju na okoliš ........................................... 88 Assessing impact on human health in the environmental impact assessment studies ...................... 89 Brigita Masnjak

Analiza rizika velike nesre e .......................................................................................................... 90 Risk analysis of major accidents ..................................................................................................... 91 Glišo Raškovi , Željka Ostrež

Primjena modernih geološko-geofizi kih istraživanja pri izradi stru ne osnove u studijama utjecaja na okoliš ......................................................................................................................................... 92 Application of modern geological-geophysical exploration in making expert base for Study about impact on environment ................................................................................................................... 93

Anita Gulam, Tatjana Bakran-Petricioli

Usporedba studija o utjecaju na okoliš za uzgajališta tuna s obzirom na programe pra enja .......... 94 The comparison of studies on the environmental impact of tuna breeding sites with respect to monitoring programs ...................................................................................................................... 95 Vanja Satinovi , Daniela Klai Jan ijev, Željko Koren

Procjena utjecaja na okoliš objekata linijske infrastrukture: Instrument postizanja suglasja razvojnih planova i zaštite okoliša ili ko nica napretka? ................................................................................ 96 Environmental Impact Assessments for Linear Infrastructural Objects: Instrument to Achieve Harmonization between Developmental Plans and Environment or to Stop Progress? .................. 97 Igor Radovi , Dušan Mijuk

Postupak procene uticaja na životnu sredinu u projektima autoputeva na “Koridoru X” ................ 98 Environmental Impact Assessment Procedure for Motorway Projects in Corridor X ..................... 99 Vanja Skopljak Štuli , Iva Jureti , Hrvoje Krhen

Planiranje trasa magistralnih plinovoda uz primjenu kriterija o uvanja okoliša............................ 100 Planning the route of the main gas pipelines using the criteria of environmental protection ....... 101 Mario Pokriva , Zoran Poljanec, Domagoj Vranješ

Specifi nosti procjene utjecaja na okoliš za zahvate zra nih luka ................................................. 102 Specificities of Environmental Impact Assessment for Airport Interventions ................................ 103 Remy Lagache, Mario Pokriva , Eric Lonvis

Zagreb Airport - Environmental assessment and management ..................................................... 104 Toni Safner, Jelena Liki , Mirko Mesari , Marijan Gredelj

Influence of transport infrastructure on the genetic diversity - implications for impact assessment ...................................................................................................................................................... 105 Tanja Tudor, Melita Milosti

Utjecaj stabilnosti atmosfere i meteoroloških parametara na prostorno širenje buke .................... 106 Influence of atmospheric stability and meteorological parameters on the spatial noise propagation ...................................................................................................................................................... 107 Maja Masla , Goran Gašparac, Luka Škunca, Sanja Grguri , Oleg Antoni

Primjenjivost lišajeva kao indikatorskih organizama u sustavu pra enja kvalitete zraka u Hrvatskoj ...................................................................................................................................................... 108 Applicability of lichens as indicator organisms in air quality monitoring in Croatia ................... 109 Mirza Berkovi , Amel Kosovac

Procjena stanja i utjecaja informaciono-komunikacionih tehnologija na smanjenje karbonskih emisija na podru ju Bosne i Hercegovine ..................................................................................... 110 Assessment and impact of information and communication technologies to reduce carbon emissions on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina .................................................................................. 111 Roman Danko, Dalibor Hati , Oleg Antoni

Uloga dobrovoljnog tržišta ugljika u neutralizaciji emisije stakleni kih plinova prilikom zahvata u okolišu .......................................................................................................................................... 112 Voluntary Carbon Market and Carbon Offseting in Environmental Development Projects .......... 113

Goran Gašparac, Sanja Grguri , Josip Križan, Oleg Antoni , Zdravko Špiri , Kurt Fedra

Primjena WEB-AIR online informacijskog sustava za upravljanje kvalitetom zraka u procjeni utjecaja na okoliš i strateškoj procjeni utjecaja na okoliš .............................................................. 114 Appliance of WEB-AIR online information air quality management system on environmental impact assessment and strategic environment assessment ........................................................................ 115 Merica Pletikosi

Specifi nosti utjecaja na okoliš korištenjem biomase u industriji cementa ................................... 116 Specifics of the environmental impact of biomass use in the cement industry ............................... 117 Vesna Trbojevi , Dunja Bariši , Elizabeta Kos

Provedba na ela kombiniranog pristupa prema Okvirnoj direktivi o vodama EU u postupcima procjene utjecaja zahvata na okoliš ............................................................................................... 118 Application of the combined approach principle according to the EU Water Framework Directive in environmental impact assessment ............................................................................................. 119 Stjepan Mišeti , Zlatko Pletikapi , Alan Kerekovi

Iskustva u pripremi i provedbi postupaka ocjene utjecaja na okoliš i prirodu velikih višenamjenskih hidrotehni kih sustava .................................................................................................................. 120 Experience with Preparation and Implementation of the Environmental and Nature Impact Assessment Procedures for Large Multipurpose Hydropower Systems......................................... 121 Zlatko Pletikapi , Ivan Vu kovi

Klimatske promjene i procjene utjecaja hidrotehni kih zahvata na okoliš i prirodu ..................... 122 Climate Change and Hydropower Project Environmental and Nature Impact Assessment .......... 123 Iva Vidakovi , Ivan Vu kovi

Metodologija odre ivanja hidromorfoloških promjena uslijed izgradnje akumulacija i uspornih bazena ........................................................................................................................................... 124 Methodology for Determining the Hydromorphological Modification as a Result of Reservoir and Impoundment Basin Construction ................................................................................................. 125 Ivan Vu kovi , Stjepan Mišeti , Miroslav Steinbauer, Zlatko Pletikapi

Utjecaj višenamjenskog-hidroenergetskog sustava (VHS) Osijek na budu e stanje voda ............. 126 Osijek Multipurpose Hydropower System Impact on Future Water Status ................................... 127 Niko Malbaša, Veronika Tomac

Kriteriji toplinskog optere enja vodotoka ..................................................................................... 128 Thermal pollution criteria ............................................................................................................ 129 Ivan Pilaš

Zaštita i upravljanje tlom u EU i njeni u inci na procjenu utjecaja na okoliš u Hrvatskoj ............ 130 Soil protection and management in EU and consequences on environmental impact assessments in Croatia ......................................................................................................................................... 131 Martina Lipovš ak, Aleksandra Ani Vu ini , Nenad Mikuli

Utjecaj golf terena na agroekosustav ............................................................................................ 132 Impact of Golf Courses on Agroecosystem ................................................................................... 133

Antun Schaller, Indira Juratek

Centar za gospodarenje otpadom Zadarske županije: utjecaji na okoliš i mjere zaštite ................. 134 Waste Management Centre of the County of Zadar: Environmental Impacts and Environmental Protection Measure....................................................................................................................... 135 Mihone Kerolli-Mustafa, Violeta Lajqi-Makolli, Letafete Latifi

Environmental Impact Assessment of Metallurgical Waste: Trepça case study in Kosovo ........... 136 Nirvana Frankovi Mihelj, Vladimir Jelavi , Juraj Šipuši

Oporaba otpada iz TE Plomin C-500 ............................................................................................ 137 Reuse of waste from power plant Plomin C-500 ........................................................................... 138 Koni argonja-Reicher, Luka Goja, Alan Kerekovi

Zbrinjavanje muljeva s ure aja za pro iš avanje otpadnih voda ................................................... 139 Management of Sludge from Waste Water Treatment Plants ........................................................ 140 Marijana Bakula, Gordan Golja, Vjeran Magjarevi

Estimation of Impacts Waste Gases May Have on Air and Possibilities of Their Treatment During the Mechanical Waste Water Treatment Process .......................................................................... 141 Mirjana Mar eni , Marta Brki , Ivan Juratek

Krajobrazna osnova i smjernice za procjenu utjecaja zahvata na krajobrazne i vizualne zna ajke – podloge za u inkovitu procjenu .................................................................................................... 142 Landscape basis and guidelines for landscape and visual assessment – ground for effective assessment .................................................................................................................................... 143 Sonja Jurkovi

Studije vizualnih promjena u krajobrazu planiranom izgradnjom ................................................. 144 Assessment of the Visual Impact of Changes Resulting from Planned Construction ..................... 145 Vesna Koš ak Mio - Stoši , Dora Tomi , Petra Perekovi , Sonja Butula

Važnost vrednovanja ranjivosti kvaliteta krajobraza u procjeni utjecaja na okoliš – primjer vjetroelektrana .............................................................................................................................. 146 The Importance of Landscape Vulnerability Evaluation within Environmental Impact Assessment – The example of wind farms ........................................................................................................... 147 Tena Birov, Sun ana Rapi

Metoda procjene kumulativnog vizualnog utjecaja vjetroelektrana na krajobraz .......................... 148 The method of cumulative visual impact assessment of wind farms on landscape ........................ 149 Krešimir Mikuli

Towards rational and bird-friendly EIA guidelines for wind energy projects: critical review of existent practices .......................................................................................................................... 150 Prema razumnim i zaštiti ptica primjerenim smjernicama za izradu SUO za zahvate vjetroelektrana: kriti ki osvrt na postoje u praksu ................................................................................................. 151 Alen Berta, Vladimir Kušan, Roman Danko, Dalibor Hati , Oleg Antoni

Bilanca ugljika za vjetroelektranu u šumi: primjer za VE Fužine, Hrvatska ................................. 152 Carbon balance for forest based wind powerplant: WP Fužine, Croatia ...................................... 153

Ivana Rogulj

Procjena utjecaja na okoliš za sun ane elektrane .......................................................................... 154 Environmental impact assesment of solar power plants ............................................................... 155

SEKCIJA 2 - PROCJENA UTJECAJA NA OKOLIŠ SECTION 2 - ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT POSTER PREZENTACIJE / POSTER PRESENTATIONS

Marina Magajne, Ana ani , Aleksandar Popija , Zrinka Mesi , Tena Birov, Oleg Antoni

Makrofiti kao bioindikatori kakvo e teku ica u procjeni stanja okoliša ....................................... 159 Macrophyte as bioindicators of running waters quality in environmental assessment.................. 160 Tomi Haramina, Fanica Kljakovi Gašpi

Problem prihvatljivih razina pokazatelja stanja okoliša u procjeni utjecaja na okoliš ................... 161 Problem of acceptable levels of environmental indicators in environmental impact assessment .. 162

Božica Šorgi , Goran Gašparac, Sanja Grguri

Procjena utjecaja emisija iz postrojenja na kvalitetu zraka u okviru utvr ivanja objedinjenih uvjeta zaštite okoliša ............................................................................................................................... 163 Ambient air quality impact analysis of emissions from the installation as a part of the environmental permit procedure ................................................................................................... 164 Fatima Muhamedagi , Mirsad Veladži , Muhamed Muhamedagi , Samira Dedi

Kontrola ambijentalnih parametara u fabrici sanitetskog materijala u Velikoj Kladuši i njihovi mogu i utjecaji na okoliš .............................................................................................................. 165 Control of ambient parameters in factory medical supplies in Velika Kladusa and their possible impacts on the environment .......................................................................................................... 166 Melita Buri , Tanja Tudor

Procjena utjecaja buke na okoliš od aktivnosti luke nauti kog turizma ........................................ 167 Environmental noise impact assessment due to activities of marinas ........................................... 168 Tomi Haramina, Sanja Grguri , Fanica Kljakovi Gašpi , Sun ana Rapi , Melita Buri

Terenski i numeri ki istražni radovi nužni za uspješnu provedbu procjene utjecaja morskih luka na okoliš – prilog za smjernice .......................................................................................................... 169 Field and numerical research necessary for successful environmental impact assessment of marine ports – contribution to guidelines ................................................................................................. 170 Mirjana Mar eni , Katarina Buleši , Ivan Juratek

Analiza krajobraza pomo u GIS-a za potrebe procjene utjecaja zahvata na okoliš ....................... 171 Landscape analysis using GIS methodology for the environmental impact assessment ................ 172 Sun ana Rapi , Višnja Šteko, Tena Kušan, Željko kovi

Postupak PUO kao važan instrument zaštite krajobraza: primjer uklapanja vodnih gra evina u okolni prostor................................................................................................................................ 173 EIA as an important instrument for landscape protection: examples of fitting of hydrotechnical structures into surrounding landscape .......................................................................................... 174

Dina Kova , Mirna Mazija, Goran Rnjak, Vida Zrn

Važnost biospeleološke komponente u monitoringu faune šišmiša prije izgradnje vjetroelektrane ...................................................................................................................................................... 175 The importance of biospeleological component in bat fauna monitoring during pre-construction of wind farms .................................................................................................................................... 176 Ana ani , Marina Magajne, Luka Škunca, Edin Lugi ,Oleg Antoni

Zaštita ugroženih biljnih svojti na lokaciji izgradnje vjetroelektrane: primjer za VE Jelinak, Hrvatska ........................................................................................................................................ 177 Protection of endangered plant species at location of wind farm construction: example of WF Jelinak, Croatia ............................................................................................................................ 178 Martina Linari , Tomislav Linari , Dajana Ku

Proizvodnja bioplina, biodiezela i etanola iz alternativnih izvora energije te njihov utjecaj na okoliš ...................................................................................................................................................... 179 Production of biogas, biodiesel and ethanol from alternative sources of energy and their impact on the environment ............................................................................................................................ 180

SEKCIJA 3 - NATURA 2000 - PROCJENA UTJECAJA NA EKOLOŠKU MREŽU / SECTION 3 - NATURA 2000 – ECOLOGICAL NETWORK IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Ivan Martini , Maja Kerovec

„NATURA 2000“ u Hrvatskoj – što je realno o ekivati? .............................................................. 183 Natura 2000 in Croatia - What is it to be expected? ..................................................................... 184 Tina Klemen , Darij Kraj

Slovenian experiences with Natura 2000 assessments – lessons learned ...................................... 185 Maja Kerovec, Stjepan Mišeti , Ivan Martini , Zlatko Pletikapi

NATURA 2000 - procjena utjecaja na ekološku mrežu ................................................................ 186 NATURA 2000 – Appropriate Assessment of the Project Ecological Network Impact .................. 187 Ivana Šari , Zoran Poljanec, Marta Brki

Ocjena prihvatljivosti planova i programa za podru ja ekološke mreže RH/NATURA 2000- prakti na iskustva i mogu nosti budu e provedbe ........................................................................ 188 Ecological Network RC/NATURA 2000 Appropriate Assessment of Plans and Programmes - Practical Experience and Possibilities for Further Application.................................................... 189 Zrinka Mesi , Orlando Venn, Vladimir Kušan, Tena Birov, Višnja Šteko, Hrvoje Peternel, Ana ani , Oleg Antoni

Primjena smjernica za vrednovanje i o uvanje biološke raznolikosti i krajobraza u prostornim planovima ..................................................................................................................................... 190 Application of guidelines for evaluation and conservation of biodiversity and landscape in spatial plans ............................................................................................................................................. 191

Tajana Uzelac Obradovi , Jelena Fressl

Compensatory Measures Legislative framework and practice – implementation in Croatia ........ 192 Luka Škunca, Marina Magajne, Maja Masla , Sanja Grguri , Oleg Antoni

One iš enje zraka i Natura 2000 stanišni tipovi u Hrvatskoj ........................................................ 193 Air Pollution and Natura 2000 Habitat Types in Croatia ............................................................. 194 Sonja Šiši , Koraljka Vahtar-Jurkovi

Ekološka mreža u kontekstu izrade i provedbe prostornih planova, primjer Primorsko-goranske županije ........................................................................................................................................ 195 Ecological network in the context of the elaboration and implementation of spatial plans – the example of the County of Primorje-Gorski Kotar ......................................................................... 196 Nena Rasti , Aleksandra Ani Vu ini , Ivan Martini , Nenad Mikuli

Provedba NATURA 2000 u šumarstvu – mogu nosti provedbe kompenzacijskih mjera na podru ju Gorskog Kotara ............................................................................................................................ 197 Implementation of NATURA 2000 in Forestry – Exercising the Compensation Measures in Gorski Kotar Region ................................................................................................................................ 198

SEKCIJA 3 - NATURA 2000 - PROCJENA UTJECAJA NA EKOLOŠKU MREŽU / SECTION 3 - NATURA 2000 – ECOLOGICAL NETWORK IMPACT ASSESSMENT POSTER PREZENTACIJE / POSTER PRESENTATIONS

Latinka Janjanin, Zoran Poljanec, Tajana Uzelac Obradovi

Kartiranje morskih staništa Istarske županije u sklopu SHAPE projekta i mogu nosti prakti ne primjene rezultata ......................................................................................................................... 201 Marine habitats mapping in Istria county as part of SHAPE project and possibilities for practical result aplication ............................................................................................................................ 202 Robert Špani , Vedran Šegota, Stjepan Dekani , Zoran Pišl

Revitalizacija vodnih tijela – neizbježan konflikt hidrotehni kog, gospodarskog i ekološkog pristupa? ....................................................................................................................................... 203 Water bodies' revitalisation – inevitable conflict of the hydro technical, economical and ecological approach? ..................................................................................................................................... 204 Fanica Kljakovi Gašpi , Zrinka Mesi , Edin Lugi , Oleg Antoni

Procjena nedostatnosti podataka za morski dio NATURA 2000 mreže u Hrvatskoj ..................... 205 Data gap analysis for Natura 2000 marine network in Croatia .................................................... 206 Hrvoje Peternel, Petr Roth, Oleg Antoni , Zrinka Mesi , Ana ani , Mirna Mazija, Vladimir Kušan

Primjena Priru nika za provedbu postupka Ocjene prihvatljivosti u o uvanju ekološke mreže RH ...................................................................................................................................................... 207 Application of the Appropriate Assessment Procedure Manual in conserving ecological network in Croatia ......................................................................................................................................... 208

SEKCIJA 4 - SUDJELOVANJE JAVNOSTI / SECTION 4 - PUBLIC PARTICIPATION

Mirjana Mateši , Dubravka Ba un

Komunikacija dionika u postupku procjene utjecaja na okoliš ...................................................... 211 Communication of stakeholders in the process of environmental impact assessment ................... 212 Andreja Pavlovi , Nenad Mikuli , Daria Mateljak

Dublji uvid u praksu PUO u Hrvatskoj – istraživanje stavova o kvaliteti i djelotvornosti postupka PUO i informiranja javnosti .......................................................................................................... 213 A deeper insight into the practice of the EIA in Croatia - research on attitudes about the quality and effectiveness of the EIA and public information ..................................................................... 214 Jelena Fressl, Marta Brki , Marijana Bakula, Ivana Šari

Analysis of the public participation in Environmental Impact Assessment procedures ................. 215 Antonija Ujakovi , Tena Petrovi

Sudjelovanje javnosti u postupcima procjene utjecaja na okoliš i isho enja okolišne dozvole: iskustva dobivena kroz projekt...................................................................................................... 216 Public participation in the process of Environmental Impact Assessment and of issuing environmental permits: experiences gained in the project ............................................................ 217 Mirjana erškov Klika, Hrvojka Šunji

Energetski projekti i javnost ......................................................................................................... 218 Energy projects and public ........................................................................................................... 219 Dora Tomi , Sonja Butula

Participativni postupci u procesu krajobraznog planiranja ............................................................ 220 Participatory Methods in the Landscape Planning Process .......................................................... 221 Juraj Kamenjarin, Ivana Raj , Goranka Adam, Benedikt Aljinovi

Mišljenja zainteresirane javnosti i odluke lokalne zajednice u donošenju odluka vezanih za procjene utjecaja na okoliš .......................................................................................................................... 222 Opinion of public and decisions of local communities in making decisions related to environmental impact assessment ......................................................................................................................... 223 Konrad Kiš, Marta Brki

Inclusion of Public and Concerned Public in Environmental Protection Affairs .......................... 224 Sandra Golubi

Pregled sudjelovanja javnosti u postupcima procjene utjecaja na okoliš na podru ju Me imurske županije ........................................................................................................................................ 225 A Survey of Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment Procedures in Me imurje County .......................................................................................................................................... 226 Tanja Saulig Brajdi , Koraljka Vahtar – Jurkovi

Sudjelovanje javnosti u postupcima PUO i SPUO u gradu Rijeci i Primorsko-goranskoj županiji ...................................................................................................................................................... 227 Public participation in EIA and SEA in the City of Rijeka and Primorsko-goranska County ....... 228

Dražen Lovri , Ivan Vu kovi

Informiranje javnosti o planiranim aktivnostima – projekt HES Senj II faza ................................ 229 Public disclosure of the activities related to the HES Senj project - II phase ............................... 230 Nataša Lovri , Marko Lovri

Public involvement in environmental decision making processes within Nature Park Medvednica ...................................................................................................................................................... 231 Marko Lovri , Nataša Lovri

Stakeholders participation in the transposition of Natura 2000 directives in Croatian forestry ... 232

SEKCIJA 5 - ZAŠTITA OKOLIŠA I FINANCIRANJE PROJEKATA / SECTION 5 - ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND PROJECT FINANCING

Marija Vojnovi

Uloga pretpristupnih programa EU i strukturnih fondova EU u ja anju infrastrukture zaštite okoliša ...................................................................................................................................................... 235 The role of EU pre-accession programs and EU structural funds in the fostering of environmental infrastructure ................................................................................................................................ 236 Andreja Neral Lamza

Veliki infrastrukturni projekti u podru ju zaštite okoliša - Osnovni principi pripreme projekata za prijavu na financiranje iz EU fondova .......................................................................................... 237 Environmental major infrastructure projects – Basic principles for preparation of projects applying for EU funds ................................................................................................................................. 238 Mustafa Nušinovi , Dejan Kalambura, Sanja Kalambura, Nives Jovi

Projekti gospodarenja otpadom - izazovi financiranja .................................................................. 239 Waste Management Projects - Financing Chalenges .................................................................... 240 Igor Radovi , Frank Ryan, Ratko or evi , Mario Pokriva

Zaštita životne sredine u operativnim politikama me unarodnih finansijskih institucija koje sufinansiraju projekte autoputeva na Koridoru X.......................................................................... 241 Environmental Protection in Operational Policies of International Financial Institutions that co-finance Motorway Projects in Corridor X .................................................................................... 242 Mario Zovko

Financiranje izrade Planova aktivnosti za postoje a postrojenja ................................................... 243 Financing Action Plans preparation for existing facilities ........................................................... 244 Minela Isakovi , Maja Taslidži -Ša iragi , Esma Mani , Vanja urin

Održivo finansiranje zašti enih podru ja u BiH ........................................................................... 245 Sustainable financing of protected areas in B&H ......................................................................... 246

SEKCIJA 1 / SECTION 1

STRATEŠKA PROCJENA UTJECAJA NA OKOLIŠ / STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Reflections on SEA system development in Croatia

Ji í Dusík1, Martin Smutný1, Matjaž Harmel2, Domagoj Stjepan Krnjak3

1Integra Consulting Ltd., Pob ežní 14, Prague, Czech Republic, (jiri.dusik@integracons.com, martin.smutny@integracons.com) 2ZaVita Ltd., Lovkova 5, Cerknica, Slovenia (matjaz@zavita.si) 3Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection, Republike Austrije 14, Zagreb, Croatia Abstract Croatia, as soon as it enters into EU, is expected to fully apply SEA Directive and also UNECE SEA Protocol which was signed and ratified by Croatia. Proper application of SEA will at the same time become one of the core conditionalities for the future use of EU Funds in 2014-2020. SEA legaly required in Croatia since June 2008, however only few full SEAs were conducted in coutry over the past five years. This sharply contracts with the scale of practice in other countires, where typically hundreds of SEAs would be implemented during the same period. Initial consultations within an EU co-financed IPA project ‘Strengthening capacities for strategic environmental assessment (SEA) at regional and local level’ indicated the need to: • Strengthen the screening system – apply SEA to all plans that need it • Ensure an early start of the SEA process, • Improve communication between planners and SEA experts, • Focus SEAs only on key strategic issues and simplify the assessment

approach, • Make sure that SEA is used for comparing alternatives and informing

decision-making on proposed plans and programmes The paper presents key recommendations on the above topics that were elaborated throuzgh consultations with Croatian officials and experts by the project team. Keywords: SEA, Croatia, EU Directive, IPA project

Experience in Transposition and Implementation of the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) in Slovenia

Vesna Kolar Planinši 1, Jelka Habjan1, Tomaž Grilj1, Barbara

Breznik1, Mojca Lenardi 1, Jure Likar1, Metka ernel 1, Katarina Celi 1

1Ministry of Agriculture and the Environment, Dunajska 48, Ljubljana, Slovenia (vesna.kolar-planinsic@gov.si) Abstract The SEA Directive was transposed by the Environmental Law in 2003 and decrees, when the first SEA implementation phase started followed by administrative and other measures according to EU guidelines. The Ministry of Agriculture and the Environment is the competent national authority for SEA and all related directives. In the following three years the relations and cooperation between the authorities in the SEA process were developed and regularly proceed. In 2010 Slovenia entered the OECD and improved its capacities and procedure according to the regulation and guidelines on SEA. The article presents practical experiences in the period 2006–2013 in all essential phases of SEA – screening, scoping, environmental report preparation, quality assurance and public participation and the final environmental decision for different public plans and programmes, such as land use, spatial planning, transport, energy, waste, agriculture, fisheries, forest management and tourism. The overall statistics with the reasons for SEA are presented for a 6-year period. In this period 1,827 screening decisions were accepted along with 178 final decision for plans and programmes at the national and municipality levels. The information on the screening and final decisions has been available to the public. At the same time, the relevant experts have also been organised on the NGO. Slovenia had three court cases at the administrative court and one infringement procedure from European Commission. Keywords: Strategic environmental assessment, transposition, screening, public participation, SEA directive, OECD

The Use and Effectiveness of SEA in Slovenia

Aleš Mlakar

Prostorsko na rtovanje Aleš Mlakar s.p., Pokopališka ulica 5, Ljubljana, Slovenia (ales.mlakar@siol.com) Abstract Purpose of the project is to set a criteria system for evaluate SEA practice and obtain an estimate of what has Slovenia achieved so far, how the SEA process has contributed to the achievement of goals of environmental protection and what were the efficiency, costs and benefits of its practicing. Criteria system relate to substantive efficiency and procedural effectiveness of SEA. SEA in some cases exceeds a verification procedure, and becomes an optimization activity, which aims to a plan modification/change in a way that it causes the least impact to the environment. On the other hand, the practice is still associated with misunderstanding of the purpose of SEA, with a number of conflict situations, including procedural complications resulting in extended time and costs, inability of implementation of legitimate developmental interests. SEA is based on normative protection with determining of mitigation measures and contributes to design of integrated and innovative solutions very rarely. Results of project are propositions for SEA to be more effective. SEA should deal with strategic level, be an optimization activity, part of policy, program and plan preparation process, part of comprehensive process dealing with impacts on society, economy and environment. On the end 4 levels/concepts of practice modifications are proposed - from stimulation of project approach, education, good practice and integrity of stakeholders, to the radical change of SEA legal/approach framework. Keywords: SEA, efficiency, effectiveness, good practice, legal framework

Strateška procjena utjecaja prostornih planova na okoliš kao instrument zaštite prirode

Marina Stenek1, Loris Elez2, Nenad Mikuli 3

1ISOR – Informacijski sustavi održivog razvoja, Ra iš e 357, Ra iš e, Hrvatska (marinastenek@gmail.com) 2Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša i prirode, Ulica Republike Austrije 14, Zagreb, Hrvatska 3Eko Invest d.o.o., Draškovi eva 50, Zagreb, Hrvatska Sažetak Objedinjeni postupak Strateške procjene utjecaja na okoliš i Ocjene prihvatljivosti za ekološku mrežu proveden je za Prostorni plan Primorsko-goranske županije. U procesu izrade plana istraženi su, prema namjeni, udjeli ugra enih smjernica i mjera zaštite prirode u odnosu na zaprimljene iz ministarstva nadležnog za zaštitu prirode i Državnog zavoda za zaštitu prirode, te proizišlih iz Strateške studije. Istraženi su i na ini ugradnje i to analizom kartografskih prikaza i odredbi za provo enje. S obzirom na rezultate te utvr enu nesistemati nost i nekonzistentnost ugradnje smjernica i mjera u plan zaklju eno je da objedinjeni postupak nije pridonio zna ajnijem poboljšanju u sustavu zaštite prirode. Klju ne rije i: zaštita prirode, dokumenti prostornog ure enja, Strateška procjena, Ocjena prihvatljivosti

Strategic environmental assessment of spatial plans as an instrument for nature conservation

Marina Stenek1, Loris Elez2, Nenad Mikuli 3

1ISOR –Sustainable Development Information Systems, Ra iš e 357, Ra iš e, Croatia (marinastenek@gmail.com) 2Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection, Ulica Republike Austrije 14, Zagreb, Croatia 3Eko Invest Ltd., Draškovi eva 20, Zagreb, Croatia Abstract The integrated procedure of strategic environmental assessment and appropriate assessment on ecological network was implemented for the Physical plan of Primorsko-goranska County. Through drafting of the plan, shares of incorporated nature protection guidelines and measures have been researched according to their purpose, in relation to those received from the ministry responsible for nature protection, the State Institute for Nature Protection and arising from the Environmental report. The methods of their incorporation were also studied by analysing cartographic representations and implementation provisions. Identified lack of systematic and consistent incorporation shows that the integrated procedure did not contribute to significant improvement within the nature protection system. Keywords: nature protection, physical planning documents, Strategic Environmental Assessment, Appropriate Assessment of impacts on the ecological network

Analiza varijantnih rješenja u postupku Strateške procjene utjecaja na okoliš kao sredstvo donošenja prostorno - planskih

odluka

Tihana Matota1, Aleksandra Ani Vu ini 2, Nenad Mikuli 2 1Ministarstvo graditeljstva i prostornoga ure enja, Ul.R.Austrije 20, Zagreb, Hrvatska (tihana.matota@mgipu.hr) 2Geotehni ki fakultet Sveu ilišta u Zagrebu, Zavod za inženjerstvo okoliša, Halllerova aleja 7, Varaždin, Hrvatska (aav@gfv.hr) 3Eko Invest, d.o.o., Draškovi eva 50, Zagreb, Hrvatska (ekoinvest@ekoinvest.hr)

Sažetak Glavni cilj prostornog planiranja je posti i optimalan raspored ljudi, dobara i djelatnosti u prostoru. Strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš i prostorno planiranje su u mnogo emu sli ni procesi, koji svaki sa svog motrišta razmatraju ista pitanja. U Republici Hrvatskoj provo enje strateške procjene utjecaja prostornih planova na okoliš još je u za etku, dok u više europskih zemalja ta praksa postoji još od 90.-ih godina 20. stolje a. Usvajanjem Direktive 2001/42/EC, te UN ECE Protokola o SEA-i, ona se u zemljama Europske unije obvezno provodi od 2004. godine. Ovaj rad analizira neke primjere provo enja strateške procjene utjecaja prostornih planova na okoliš u zemljama Europske unije te ih uspore uje sa jednim od prvih primjera provedbe ovog postupka u Hrvatskoj. Cilj je rada istražiti mogu i doprinos strateške procjene utjecaja prostornih planova na okoliš procesu donošenja prostorno planskih odluka, osobito kroz analizu varijantnih rješenja. Provedena analiza pokazala je da Strateška procjena pred sudionike u donošenju prostornih planova iznosi širi spektar mogu nosti i ograni enja predloženih rješenja. Došlo se je do zaklju ka da realno definirana, sveobuhvatno procijenjena te demokrati no odabrana varijantna rješenja mogu doprinijeti nadogradnji procesa odabira optimalnih prostorno planskih rješenja, posebice s motrišta zaštite prirode i okoliša. Klju ne rije i: Strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš, prostorno planiranje, varijantna rješenja

Analysis of Alternatives in Strategic Environmental Assessment Process as Instrument Used in Physical Planning

Decisions

Tihana Matota1, Aleksandra Ani Vu ini 2, Nenad Mikuli 3 1Ministry of Construction and Physical Planning, Republike Austrije 20, Zagreb, Croatia (tihana.matota@mgipu.hr) 2University of Zagreb, Faculty of Geotehnical Engineering, Department for environmental engineering, Halllerova aleja 7, Varaždin, Croatia (aav@gfv.hr) 3Eko Invest Ltd., Draškovi eva 50, Zagreb, Croatia (ekoinvest@ekoinvest.hr) Abstract Physical planning aims at achieving the ideal distribution of population, functions and activities in space. Strategic environmental assessment and physical plans exhibit substantial similarities, each of them considering identical issues. The implementation of strategic environmental assessment of physical plans is still in its inception in the Republic of Croatia, while several European countries have developed that practice already in 1990s. By adoption of Directive 2001/42/EC, and UN ECE Protocol on SEA, implementation of strategic environmental assessment has become mandatory in countries of the European Union as of 2004. This paper analyses several cases of its implementation in the EU member states, comparing them with one of the first cases of implementation of this process in Croatia. The specific objective of this paper is to examine the likely effect of strategic environmental assessment of physical plans on the process of reaching physical planning decisions, primarily through alternative solution analysis. The analysis has proved that strategic environmental assessment introduces the physical plan stakeholders to a wider range of possibilities and restrictions within the proposed solutions. A conclusion has been reached that alternatives, provided they are defined in real terms, comprehensively assessed and democratically selected, can contribute to the abovementioned process, especially in view of environmental and nature protection. Keywords: Strategic environmental assessment, physical planning, alternatives

Teorija održivog prostornog planiranja i Strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš

Erna Alihodži

Dvokut pro d.o.o. Sarajevo, Avde Hume 11, Sarajevo, Bosna i Hercegovina (erna@dvokut.ba) Sažetak U promoviranju održivog razvoja gradova, op ina i regija, izražena je potreba za prostornim planiranjem koje objedinjuje prostorne, ekonomske i društvene aspekte, ali i aspekte okoliša i podržava inegralni pristup. Prostorni plan prerasta iz instrumenta korištenja prostora u instrument upravljanja odnosno razvoja prostora i zaštite okoliša. U radu se uspore uje prostorno planiranje sa Strateškom procjenom utjecaja na okoliš i daju se osnovna obilježja održivog razvoja. Zalaže se za nove paradigme u prostornom i okolinskom planiranju i davanje važnosti ekonomskom, društvenom i prostornom razvoju, ali i razvoju okoliša. Uklju ivanje impakata okoline u proces planiranja korištenjem Procjene utjecaja na okoliš i Strateške procjene utjecaja na okoliš podrazumijeva unošenje nove filozofije održivog razvoja u sistem vrijednosti društva. Objedinjeno prostorno planiranje i planiranje okoliša može osigurati novu kvalitetu u objema vrstama planiranja, ali i kvalitetniji razvoj podru ja koja takve postupke primjenjuju. Klju ne rije i: prostorno planiranje, strateška procjene utjecaja na okoliš, održivi razvoj

The theory of sustainable spatial planning and Strategic Environmental Assessment

Erna Alihodzic

Dvokut pro Ltd. Sarajevo, Avde Hume 11, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (erna@dvokut.ba) Abstract In promoting the sustainable development of cities, municipalities and regions, there is a need for spatial planning that integrates the physical, economical and social aspect, and aspects of the environment and it supports integral approach. Spatial plan grows from the tool for space usage into a management tool or development tool of space and environmental protection. The paper compares the spatial planning with Strategic Environmental Assessment and gives the basic features of sustainable development. It advocates for new paradigmes in spatial and environmental planning and it gives appreciation to the economic, social and physical and environmental development. Including environment impacts in the planning process using an Environmental Impact Assessment and Strategic Environmental Assessment involves the introduction of the new philosophy of sustainable development in the system of social values. Unified spatial and environmental planning can provide a new level of quality in both types of planning, as well as more qualitative development of areas which are applying such procedures. Keywords: spatial planning, strategic environmental impact assessment, sustainable development

Environmental Noise Directive and its role in SEA procedures

Dinko Kello1, Nenad Mikuli 2, Sandro Gervasio3 1KELLO Consulting, Ltd., Kozjak 54, Zagreb, Croatia 2Eko Invest Ltd., Draškovi eva 50, Zagreb, Croatia 3Progetti e Servizi, Torino, Italy Abstract Croatia made major progress in transposing the Environmental Noise Directive 2002/49/EC (END) in national legislation (Amendments to the Noise Protection Act, OG 20/2003/2013), but very little progress was made regarding the implementation of main END requirements in respect to the development of Noise Maps and Action Plans. The implementation of main articles and annexes of the END is primarily focused on a long-term prevention from the environmental noise caused by big infrastructural investments, such as highways, railways, airports, cities, etc, by influencing primarily the development of Spatial plans. Therefore, the END is the most critical part of the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) as prerequisite of any national or regional Spatial planning procedures. The END is relatively young directive, and therefore, represents a major challenge for most of the EU member states, particularly in respect to the production of 3D noise maps and adoption of sectoral action plans. Although the 3D noise maps and action plans represent very strong instrument in preparing SEA, it is very rarely used because of lack of knowledge in dealing with this specific environmental health risks. This article will focus on the recently adopted National Environmental Noise Protection Strategy (2012), which is prepared with the assistance of EU IPA funded project (EuropeAid/129403/D/SER/HR), and will elaborate about its implementation and possible role in upgrading the SEA procedures. Keywords: Environmental Noise Directive, Noise Maps, Strategic Environmental Assessment, Environmental Health Risks

Usporedba i razlike u strateškoj procjeni utjecaja na okoliš za Prostorni plan i Operativni program

Mario Pokriva 1, Mirjana Mar eni 1, Konrad Kiš1

1Dvokut ECRO d.o.o., Trnjanska cesta 37, Zagreb, Hrvatska (mario.pokrivac@dvokut-ecro.hr, mirjana.mestric@dvokut-ecro.hr, konrad.kis@dvokut-ecro.hr) Sažetak Strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš primjenjuje se za prostorni plan ili program koji se donosi na državnoj ili regionalnoj razini. Iako je sadržaj odre en pravnim propisom sama strateška procjena za Operativni program odnosno Prostorni plan se zna ajno razlikuje. Polaze i od same strukture Operativnog programa i Prostornog plana razlike su sljede e:

opis Programa je s manje detalja nego opis Prostornog plana, obuhvat Programa je definiran na cijelu Hrvatsku, uglavnom bez

navo enja pojedina nih podru ja dok je Prostorni plan vezan za podru je županije,

opis pojedina nih aktivnosti je u Programu dan na apstraktnoj razini dok je u Prostornom planu jasno odre en,

opis prostora kod Programa je op enit dok je kod Prostornog plana prili no detaljan s razradom osjetljivosti, zona i sl.

Sve ove razlike uvjetuju da se postupku strateške procjene mora pristupiti na sasvim razli it na in i s druga ijom metodologijom izrade. U slu aju Operativnog programa pristup e biti više neodre en i apstraktan (ovisno o tipu i vrsti Operativnog programa), dok se u slu aju Prostornog plana strateška procjena može i mora obaviti uz uvažavanje svih okolišno-prostornih zna ajki. Klju ni element od kojeg zavisi davanje mjera (smjernica) bit e odabir pravilnih pokazatelja (indikatora) stanja okoliša i promjena u okolišu. Klju ne rije i: program, prostorni plan, metodologija, pristup, okolišni pokazatelji

Comparison and Differences Regarding Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment Conducted for Physical

Plans and Operational Programmes

Mario Pokriva 1, Mirjana Mar eni 1, Konrad Kiš1 1Dvokut ECRO Ltd., Trnjanska cesta 37, Zagreb, Croatia (mario.pokrivac@dvokut-ecro.hr, mirjana.mestric@dvokut-ecro.hr, konrad.kis@dvokut-ecro.hr) Abstract Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment (SEA) is applied to a physical plan or programme delivered on a state or regional level. Although the content is legally prescribed, the assessment varies significantly regarding a physical plan when compared to an operational programme. Starting from the very structure of an operational programme and a physical plan, the differences are as follows:

programme description is much less detailed when compared to a physical plan,

range of a programme is defined for Croatia as a whole, generally not stating specific areas as opposed to a physical plan which is applied for the area of a county,

the description of specific activities is provided on an abstract level within a programme, while it is clearly defined within a physical plan,

spatial description within a programme is quite broad, while in a physical plan it is described in details with a very precise elaboration of sensitiveness, zones etc.

All stated differences are the reason why Strategic Impact Assessment procedures must be approached in a different manner and by using a different drafting methodology. In case of an operational programme, the approach will be less determined and more abstract (depending on type and sort of an operational programme), while a physical plan strategic assessment can and has to be conducted in a way to respect all environmental and spatial features. The key element on which the subsequent prescribing of measures (guidelines) depends will be the correct choice of indicators of state of the environment and its changes. Keywords: program, physical plan, methodology, approach, environmental indicators

Operational Programme Environment 2014-2020 and role of Strategic Environmental Assessment

Nenad Mikuli 1, Dinko Kello2

1 Eko Invest Ltd., Draškovi eva 50, Zagreb, Croatia 2 KELLO Consulting Ltd, Kozjak 54, Zagreb, Croatia Abstract From 1 July 2013, Croatia is becoming the 28th EU member state, and is therefore, eligible for using the Cohesion Funds (CF) and European Regional Development Funds (ERDF) for co-financing the Operational Programme “Environment” (OPE). The OPE represents the programme document for absorbing the EU funds allocated for the environmental sector, covering a rolling seven-year period 2014-2020. The basis for preparing the OPE 2014-2020 is prepared Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), which should, beside the waste and water sectors (which are the priorities of OPE 2007-2013 period), to expand to new sectors, such as nature and air protection, but also marine environment protection, soil protection, climate change adaptation, risk prevention and other areas which are applicable under thematic objectives No 5) and 6) established in the Regulation on Cohesion Funds (article 9 of the Proposal for a Regulation COM (2011) 615 final/2). Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of this OPE is the responsibility of the MENP, and SEA procedure should be conducted in line with the provision of the Environmental Protection Act (OG 110/07), Regulation on strategic environmental assessment of plans and programme (OG 64/08) and Regulation on information and participation of the public and public concerned in environmental matters (OG 64/08), which are aligned with Directive 2001/42/EC on the assessment of the effects of certain plans and programmes on the environment. Since the time for completing the OPE 2014-2020 is extremely short, it indicates urgency on preparing SEA, as well as above mentioned sectors strategies, as prerequisite for specific OPE Priority axes. Without adopted OPE 2014 and approved by EU, no Cohesion Fund projects could be prepared and the EU funds absorbed. This paper will focus on the procedural issues regarding the development of OPE 2014-2020, and in particular on the content of SEA in respect to the above mentioned new sectors and their strategic priorities for the new 7 years period. Keywords: Operational Programme, Strategic Environmental Assessment, Cohesion Fund Projects

Istraživanje indikatora okoliša u strateškoj procjeni utjecaja na okoliš energetskog plana i programa

Tomislav Strahovnik1, Nenad Mikuli 2

1Hrvatska energetska regulatorna agencija, Ulica grada Vukovara 14, Zagreb, Hrvatska (tstrahovnik@hera.hr), 2EKO INVEST, d.o.o., Draškovi eva 50, Zagreb, Hrvatska Sažetak Strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš je postupak kojime se u ranoj fazi izrade strategija, plana, programa ili zakonskih propisa ocjenjuje njihov utjecaj na okoliš i prirodu. Indikatori okoliša su u inkovit alat za pra enje promjena te ostvarenje ciljeva sektorskih politika ili strategija. Pomo u indikatora okoliša kvantificiraju se utjecaji pojedinog plana ili programa na okoliš. Primjenom najnovijih znanstvenih istraživanja u uspostavi modela odlu ivanja odabirom indikatora okoliša mogu e je unaprijediti odlu ivanje u postupku strateške procjene utjecaja na okoliš. U ovom radu istražili bi se indikatori okoliša koji su povezani s energetskim sektorom, a koji se mogu koristiti u strateškoj procjeni utjecaja na okoliš energetskog plana i programa. Tako er, u radu e biti prikazani odgovaraju i kriteriji za odabir indikatora okoliša za upotrebu u strateškoj procjeni utjecaja na okoliš energetskog plana i programa. Primjenom sustava DPSIR (Drive-Pressure-State-Impact-Response) odredit e se indikatori okoliša koji su povezani s energetikom. DPSIR sustav koristan je alat, a koristi se za odabir indikatora okoliša. Osim toga, za upotpunjavanje klju nih indikatora istražiti e se i do sada ne opisani indikatori okoliša, a koji opisuju utjecaje na okoliš pojedinih energenata. Klju ne rije i: indikatori okoliša, strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš, energetski plan ili program, DPSIR model

Research of environmental indicators in the strategic assessment of the environmental impact of the energy plan

and program

Tomislav Strahovnik1, Nenad Mikuli 2 1Croatian Energy Regulatory Agency, Ulica grada Vukovara 14, Zagreb, Croatia (tstrahovnik@hera.hr), 2EKO INVEST Ltd., Draškovi eva 50, Zagreb, Croatia Abstract Strategic environmental assessment is the process at an early stage of development strategies, plans, programs or legislation assesses their impact on the environment and nature. Environmental indicators are an effective tool for monitoring changes and achieving the objectives of sector policies and strategies. Environmental indicators are used to quantify the effects of each plan or program. By applying the latest scientific research in the establishment of decision making by selecting environmental indicators can improve the decision making in the strategic environmental assessment. In this paper we investigate environmental indicators that are related to the energy sector, which can be used in a strategic environmental assessment of the impact of the energy sector. Also, the paper will be shown the appropriate criteria for the selection of environmental indicators for use in the strategic assessment of the environmental impact of the energy curriculum. Energy related environmental indicators will be classified using the Drive-Pressure-Impact-State-Response (DPSIR) model which is useful tool for selection of environmental indicators. In addition, to complement the key indicators it will be investigated and so far not described environmental indicators, which describe the environmental impacts of specific energy source. Keywords: environmental indicators1, strategic environmental assessment2, energy plan or programme3, DPSIR model4

Strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš dokumenata prostornog ure enja na primjeru Primorsko-goranske županije

Koraljka Vahtar-Jurkovi 1, Sonja Šiši 2

1Primorsko-goranska županija, Adami eva 10, Rijeka, Hrvatska (koraljka.vahtar-jurkovic@pgz.hr) 2Javna ustanova „Priroda“, Grivica 4, Rijeka, Hrvatska Sažetak Cilj rada je prikazati kako je provedena strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš novoga prostornog plana Primorsko-goranske županije. U radu se izlaže tijek postupka, sudionici u postupku, sudjelovanje javnosti, kao i tijela odre enih posebnim propisima. Posebno se daje prikaz na ina na koji su provedba glavne ocjene prihvatljivosti plana za ekološku mrežu i pitanja zaštite okoliša integrirana u prostorni plan. S obzirom da se radi o prvoj strateškoj procjeni utjecaja na okoliš jednoga prostornog plana na podru ju Republike Hrvatske, zaklju no se isti e da iskustvo Primorsko-goranske županije može poslužiti kao primjer za provedbu sli nih postupaka. Klju ne rije i: zaštita okoliša, prostorno planiranje, instrumenti zaštite okoliša, strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš, Primorsko-goranska županija

Strategic environmental impact assessment of the physical planning documents using the example of the Spatial plan of

the Primorsko-goranska County

Koraljka Vahtar-Jurkovi 1, Sonja Šiši 2 1County of Primorje-Gorski kotar, Adami eva 10, Rijeka, Croatia (koraljka.vahtar-jurkovic@pgz.hr) 2Priroda Public Institution, Grivica 4, Rijeka, Croatia Abstract The aim of this paper is to present the strategic environmental impact assessment of the new Spatial plan of the Primorsko-goranska County. The paper describes the process of making the assessment, the participants in the project, the participation of the general public as well as the specially appointed bodies. The main assessment of the acceptability of the plan for ecological network and the questions of environmental protection integrated in the Spatial plan are specially presented. Considering that this is the first strategic environmental impact assessment of a spatial plan in Croatia, it is suggested that the experience of the Primorsko-goranska County can serve as an example for other similar procedures. Keywords: environmental protection, physical planning, instruments of environmental protection, strategic environmental impact assessment, Primorsko-goranska County

Multikriterijalna prostorna analiza kao podloga za SPUO plana razvoja marikulture Splitsko-dalmatinske županije

Ognjen Škunca1, Tomi Haramina2, Fanica Kljakovi Gašpi 2,3, Sun ana Rapi 2,3, Sanja Grguri 4, Josip Križan4, Lav Bav evi 5

1Granulum Salis d.o.o., 3. Bijeni ki ogranak 13, Zagreb, Hrvatska (oskunca@yahoo.com); 2Oikon d.o.o. – Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju; Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska; 3Geonatura d.o.o. za stru ne poslove zaštite prirode, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska; 4Gekom Geofizikalno i ekološko modeliranje d.o.o., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska; 5Javna poljoprivredna savjetodavna služba, Podru ni odjel Zadarske županije, Mažurani eva 30/I, Zadar, Hrvatska Sažetak Studija razvoja sektora marikulture na podru ju Splitsko-dalmatinske županije izra ena je s ciljem osmišljavanja održivog razvoja sektora, a za potrebe izmjena i dopuna županijskog prostornog plana. Studija se temeljila na multikriterijalnoj analiza morskog prostora SDŽ koja je obuhvatila: 1) kriterije pogodnosti za djelatnost (uklju uju i izloženost lokacije vjetru i valovima, strujanje, dubinu, one iš enje, stupanj trofi nosti, infrastrukturne uvjete i dostupnost lokacije); 2) kriterije ranjivosti prostora (u smislu prihvatnog kapaciteta okoliša, vrijednih ekosustava osjetljivih na neke utjecaje na okoliš od djelatnosti marikulture, krajobraznog utjecaja); te 3) interese drugih dionika u prostoru (naselja, turizam, pomorski promet, zašti ena podru ja, ribarstvo). U izradu studije su kroz participativni proces, u svim fazama planiranja bili uklju eni svi relevantni dionici. Rezultati analize su: prijedlog zona za marikulturu – za uzgoj riba i školjkaša, s okvirnom procjenom uzgojnih kapaciteta u svakoj zoni, u formatu i mjerilu prikladnom za izravno uklju ivanje u županijski prostorni plan; elementi strateške studije utjecaja plana na okoliš, odnosno izvješ a o na inu na koji su u plan integrirani uvjeti zaštite okoliša utvr eni strateškom procjenom; te elementi ocjene prihvatljivosti plana na ekološku mrežu. Studija je neupitno pridonijela kvaliteti prijedloga izmjena i dopuna prostornog plana, kao i strukturiranosti i argumentiranosti javne rasprave prijedloga. Klju ne rije i: prostorna multikriterijalna analiza, marikultura, strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš, ocjena prihvatljivosti plana na ekološku mrežu, integralno upravljanje obalnim podru jem.

Spatial multi-criteria analysis as a foundation for SEA of mariculture development plan for Split-dalmatian county

Ognjen Škunca1, Tomi Haramina2, Fanica Kljakovi Gašpi 2,3, Sun ana Rapi 2,3, Sanja Grguri 4, Josip Križan4, Lav Bav evi 5

1Granulum Salis Ltd., 3. Bijeni ki ogranak 13, Zagreb, Croatia (oskunca@yahoo.com); 2Oikon Ltd. – Institute for applied ecology, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Geonatura Ltd., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Gekom Geophysical and ecological modelling Ltd. Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia; 5Croatian Agricultural Chamber, Regional Department of the Zadar County, Mažurani eva 30/I, Zadar, Croatia Abstract Mariculture development study for Split-dalmatian county area has been prepared to provide directions for the sector's sustainable development, with planned integration of the study's recommendation in forthcoming amendments to the County's spatial plan. The study has been based on spatial multi-criteria analysis of the County's coastal area that took into account: site's suitability for mariculture criteria (including the sites exposure to wind and waves, sea currents, depth, pollution, trophic status, infrastructure, and site's accessibility); site's vulnerability criteria (in sense of the carrying capacity of the surrounding environment, sensitivity of some valuable ecosystems on some mariculture environmental impacts, impacts on landscape); interests of other sectors in the area (including settlements, tourism, sea traffic, protected areas, fisheries). The study has been prepared through participatory process that has included all relevant stakeholders in all phases of the planning. The results of the analysis were: recommended zones for mariculture – for fish cage farms and shellfish farms, with estimate for production capacities of each zone, in format and scale suitable for direct integration into the County spatial plan; elements of Strategic environmental assessment of the plan, i.e. report on how the plan has integrated environmental protection measures identified by the SEA; elements of Appropriate assessment for the plan. The study conclusively has contributed to the quality of the proposed amendments to the County's spatial plan, as well as to the soundness of the amendments’ public review process. Keywords: spatial multi-criteria analysis, mariculture, strategic environmental assessment, appropriate assessment, integrated coastal zone management.

Strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš Plana upravljanja vodnim podru jima

Anita Gulam1, Anamarija Matak1, Vesna Trbojevi 2

1Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša i prirode, Republike Austrije 14, Zagreb, Hrvatska (anita.gulam@mzoip.hr) 2Ministarstvo poljoprivrede, Ulica Grada Vukovara 78, Zagreb, Hrvatska Sažetak Plan upravljanja vodnim podru jima obuhva a dva vodna podru ja na podru ju Republike Hrvatske: vodno podru je rijeke Dunav i jadransko vodno podru je. Cilj koji se planira posti i Planom je o uvanje dobrog stanja voda u svrhu zaštite života i zdravlja ljudi, te zaštite vodnih ekosustava. Strateškom procjenom utjecaja na okoliš, kao instrumentom zaštite okoliša, procjenjuju se utjecaji plana i programa na okoliš, temeljem Zakona o zaštiti okoliša (NN, broj 110/07) i Uredbe o strateškoj procjeni utjecaja plana i programa na okoliš (NN, broj 64/08). U postupku strateške procjene odre uju se odgovaraju e mjere zaštite okoliša i program pra enja stanja okoliša. U ovom radu predstavljen je postupak odre ivanja sadržaja strateške studije, te je uspore en sa sadržajem koji je propisan Direktivom 2001/42/EZ. Provedena je analiza metoda koje su korištene za procjenu utjecaja plana na okoliš. Tako er, prikazan je postupak ocjene strateške studije i analizirane su mjere zaštite okoliša i program pra enja koji se predlažu kako bi se zna ajni utjecaji provedbe plana sveli na prihvatljivu razinu. Na temelju provedenih analiza i usporedbi predložene su odgovaraju e preporuke i smjernice za postupke strateške procjene utjecaja na okoliš za dokumente iz podru ja gospodarenja vodama. Klju ne rije i: strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš, plan, strateška studija, mjere zaštite okoliša

Strategic Environmental Assessment for the River Basin Management Plan

Anita Gulam1, Anamarija Matak1, Vesna Trbojevi 2

1Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection, Republike Austrije 14, Zagreb, Croatia (anita.gulam@mzoip.hr) 2Ministry of Agriculture, Ulica Grada Vukovara 78, Zagreb, Croatia Abstract The River Basin Management Plan covers two basin districts: the Danube river basin district and the Adriatic river basin district. The goal to be achieved through the plan is to preserve good water status in order to protect human life and health and protection of aquatic ecosystems. The Strategic Environmental Assessment, as an environmental protection tool, is used for the assessing of a plan’s and programme’s environmental impacts, pursuant to the Environmental Protection Act (OG 110/07) and the Regulation on SEA of plans and programmes (OG 64/08). The Strategic Environmental Assessment procedure includes determination of specific environmental protection measures and of an environmental monitoring program. In this paper, a procedure for determining the content of the strategic assessment study has been presented and it has been compared with the content prescribed by the Directive 2001/42/EC. Methods which are used to assess the impacts of the plan on the environment have been examined. Furthermore, the authors have also presented a procedure of evaluation of the strategic assessment study and have analysed the environmental protection measures and monitoring program which are proposed in order to reduce significant effects of implementing the plan to an acceptable level. Based on the conducted analysis and comparisons the relevant recommendations and guidelines for the SEA procedures for the documents in the field of water management have been suggested. Keywords: strategic environmental assessment, plan, strategic assessment study, environmental protection measures

The use of Strategic Environmental Assessment in Transport Masterplanning

André van Kuijk1, A. Pucci2

1Witteveen+Bos Consulting engineers, Leeuwenbrug 8, P.O. Box 233, Deventer, the Netherlands (a.vkuijk@witteveenbos.nl) 2APCK doo Consulting, Kraljia Petra 58/6, Belgrade, Serbia (anto.pucci@libero.it) Abstract In recent years Witteveen+Bos was involved in the development of Transport Masterplans for Serbia (nationwide) and Latvia (regional plan for Riga and Pieriga). In both cases it was decided that a Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) in line with EU and national regulations should be carried out. It appeared not straightforward to perform a SEA for Transport Masterplans, as a SEA is more on the evaluation of fully fledged alternatives, whereas in Transport Masterplans a bundle of individual projects is considered, some of which is already decided upon. Furthermore, national regulations do acknowledge the use of SEA, but tend to follow the procedures for Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs), which are in general more strict as they are related to environmental permitting. An approach was made that could be adapted for both Master Plans. The key element of this was to include the cost of environmental impacts into the Cost Benefit Analysis for the Master Plan. Furthermore, project fiches were made to facilitate the further environmental evaluation of the individual transport development projects, to be performed in the EIA stage of the projects. During workshops with stakeholders it was concluded that this approach was well-accepted as being fit for purpose. Keywords: Strategic Environmental Assessment, Infrastructure, Transport Masterplanning, Traffic Impacts

Strategic Environmental Assessment for institutional decision making: a case-study from the Walloon Region, Belgium

Amandine D'Haese1, Wouter Dieleman1, Jean-Michel Baijot2

1ECOREMPic., Kontichsesteenweg 38, Aartselaar, Belgium (info@ecorem.be); 2Service Public de Wallonie, DG02, Boulevard du Nord 8, Namur, Belgium Abstract Although the assessment of the environmental impact of projects at a local level is now rooted in the practices by most countries worldwide, the evaluation of the global impact and potential alternatives of a whole program is yet to be adopted as common practice. Following that need, the European Union requires, through the European Directive 2001/42/EC, also called 'Strategic Environmental Assessment' (SEA) - Directive', that specific public programs undergo an assessment of their effect on the environment prior to their adoption. Theoretically, the SEA entails the integration of environmental considerations in planning and programming procedures and decisions. It is in fact an "up-stream" process that allows identifying optimal options at an early planning stage when modifications can still be considered and integrated. The SEA can as such be considered as a decision support tool to increase the global awareness of all involved parties. European experience has notably confirmed that the contribution of SEAs has improved the organization and structure of the whole planning practice. The SEA conducted in 20112012 for the Walloon program called "Seine-Scheldt inland waterways and connections in the Walloon region" in Belgium is a good case study we would like to share. This program is part of the European Seine-Scheldt project which will provide a large capacity transport axis between the Parisian region, the Seine estuary, Northern France, Belgium and the Netherlands. Keywords: Strategic Environmental Assessment, program, institutional, decision making

Strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš za institucionalno donošenje odluka: analiza slu aja iz Valonske regije u Belgiji

Amandine D'Haese1, Wouter Dieleman1, Jean-Michel Baijot2

1ECOREMPlc., Kontichsesteenweg 38, Aartselaar, Belgija (info@ecorem.be); 2Service Public de Wallonie, DG02, Boulevard du Nord 8, Namur, Belgija

Sažetak Iako je procjena utjecaja projekata na okoliš na lokalnoj razini ve ukorijenjena u praksi u ve ini zemalja diljem svijeta, procjena globalnih utjecaja i potencijalne varijante cijelog programa još trebaju biti usvojene kao uobi ajena praksa. Na tragu tih potreba Europska unija zahtijeva, kroz europsku direktivu 2001/42/EZ "Strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš" (eng. Strategic Environmental Assessment - SEA Direktiva), da odre eni javni programi moraju pro i procjenu njihovog utjecaja na okoliš prije njihovog usvajanja. U teoriji, SEA podrazumijeva integraciju ekoloških razmatranja u planiranju i programiranju postupaka i odluka. To je zapravo "uzvodan" proces koji omogu uje identificiranje optimalnih izbora u ranoj fazi planiranja, kada se modifikacije još uvijek mogu razmatrati i integrirati. SEA se kao takva može smatrati alatom za potporu pri odlu ivanju kako bi se pove ala globalna svijest svih uklju enih strana. Europska iskustva su osobito potvrdila da je doprinos strateških procjena utjecaja na okoliš poboljšao ustroj i strukturu cijelog na ina planiranja. SEA provedena u 2011-2012 za Valonski program pod nazivom "Seine-Scheldt unutarnji vodeni putovi i veze u Valonskoj regiji" u Belgiji je dobra analiza slu aja koju bismo željeli prikazati. Ovaj program je dio europskog Seine-Scheldt projekta koji e ostvariti transportni koridor velikog kapaciteta izme u pariške regije, uš a Seine, sjeverne Francuske, Belgije i Nizozemske. Klju ne rije i: Strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš, program, institucionalno donošenje odluka

Espoo konvencija i lanac hidroelektrana na rijeci Savi

Nenad Mikuli 1, Vesna Kolar Planinši 2, Vesna Montan³ 1Eko Invest d.o.o., Draškovi eva 50, Zagreb, Hrvatska 2Ministrstvo za kmetijstvo in okolje Republike Slovenije, Dunajska 48, Ljubljana, Slovenija (vesna.kolar-planinsic@gov.si) ³Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša i prirode Republike Hrvatske, Ulica Republike Austrije 14, Zagreb, Hrvatska Sažetak Republika Slovenija osim postoje ih hidroelektrana na rijeci Savi planira i gradi tri, a Republika Hrvatska pet novih hidroelektrana. Republika Slovenija kao zemlja porijekla i Republika Hrvatska kao pogo ena zemlja provele se u okviru Espoo konvencije prekogran ine konzultacije za namjeravani zahvat HE Krško te temeljem Protokola o Strateškoj procjeni utjecaja na okoliš Espoo konvencije prekograni ne konzultacije za „Slovenian National Plans for Hydropower Use in Brezice and Mokrice on Lower Sava“. U okviru provedenih konzultacija ustanovljeni su mogu i zna ajni prekograni ni utjecaji planiranih zahvata na teritoriju obiju država. Problematika lanca hidroelektrana na rijeci Savi stavljena je i na dnevni red „Ad hoc radne skupine za rješavanje otvorenih pitanja izme u Republike Slovenije i Republike Hrvatske“. Zaklju no je konstatirano da se izgradnja infrastrukturnih objekata na rijeci Savi u Sloveniji i Hrvatskoj, te ure enje vodnog režima, ne može promatrati samo na osnovu odnosa dva objekta na grani nom profilu, ve je potrebno razmatrati cijeli. U tu svrhu predloženo je vladama obiju država da osnuju Stru ne radne skupina za izradu stru nih podloga o svim tehni kim pitanjima vezanim za izgradnju, režim rada i ostale parametre, kako bi se uzimaju i u obzir okolišne i energetske razloge, na svim izgra enim i novim HE na Savi uspostavio koordinirani sustav upravljanja. Klju ne rije i Espoo konvencija, zna ajan prekograni ni utjecaj, prekograni ne konzultacije

Espoo Convention and Chain of Hydropower Plants on the Sava River

Nenad Mikuli 1, Vesna Kolar Planinši 2, Vesna Montan3

1Eko Invest Ltd., Draškovi eva 50, Zagreb, Croatia 2Ministry of Agriculture and the Environment, Dunajska 48, Ljubljana, Slovenia (vesna.kolar-planinsic@gov.si) 3Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection, Republike Austrije 14, Zagreb, Croatia Abstract Apart from the existing hydroelectric power plants on the Sava River, the construction of three new HPPs is planned in Slovenia, and five in Croatia. Slovenia and Croatia, being the Party of Origin and the Affected Party respectively, have closed transboundary consultations for the planned HPP Krško in conformity with the Espoo Convention, and the Protocol on Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Espoo Convention, as well as the transboundary consultations for the „Slovenian National Plans for Hydropower Use in Brežice and Mokrice on Lower Sava“. Within the consultations, potential hazardous transboundary impacts were determined on both the Croatian and Slovenian territory. The problem of HPP chain on the Sava River was also put on the agenda of the „AD hoc working group for solving open questions between the Republic of Slovenia and the Republic of Croatia“. The paper claims that the construction of infrastructural facilities on the Sava River, and regulation of water regime cannot be analysed only on the basis of two HPPs located at the border territory, rather that it requires the consideration of the overall system. For that purpose, governments of both countries were proposed to establish an Expert Work Groups for preparation of background documents on all technical issues, so that once all the environmental and energy aspects were taken into consideration, a coordinated management system may be established at all existing and new hydropower plants on the Sava River. Keywords: Espoo Convention, Significant Transboundary Impact, Transboundary consultations

Strategic Environmental Transboundary Assessment between Slovenia and Croatia of Slovenian National Plans for

Hydropower Use in Brezice and Mokrice on Lower Sava

Vesna Kolar Planinši 1, Jure Likar1, Nenad Mikuli 2, Anita Gulum3, Anamarija Matak3

1Ministry of Agriculture and the Environment, Dunajska 48, Ljubljana, Slovenia (vesna.kolar-planinsic@gov.si); 2Eko Invest Ltd., Draškovi eva 50, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection, Republike Austrije 14, Zagreb, Croatia Abstract On the Protocol on Strategic Environmental Assessment to the Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context (Espoo) and SEA directive the transboundary procedure for the two National Spatial Plans for hydropower plants: Brežice and Mokrice was finalised between Slovenia and Croatia. The process was managed via points of contacts/focal points for the purpose of the Espoo Convention. The article presents the two processes as positive experiences in the region. Firstly, the notification with information on the proposed plan and possible transboundary effects, the nature of decision and indication of time for response, has been send and response received in the proposed time. SEA report has been presented for comments. Two environmental commissions have been established and consulted on: state of environment, sediment, cumulative effects, erosion, and underground water, possible alternatives, including non-action alternative and possible measures to mitigate significant adverse transboundary impact. In the process of Mokrice also the appropriate assessment in line with Art. 6(3) of Habitat directive was prepared. Both parties agreed on public hearing and presentation on both side of the borders in adequate timeframe. At the end of the process the mitigation measures for reducing the impact have been agreed and included into final decision. The article shows the importance of the agreement on each stage in the transboundary SEA process to fully implement the provisions. Keywords: Strategic Environmental Assessment, Espoo Convention, Transboundary Impact, Transboundary consultations, Protocol on SEA

Impact of Mobile Telecommunication on Environment and Health

Ivica Prli 1, Mladen Hajdinjak2, Jelena Macan1,Marija Suri

Mihi 1 1Unit for Radiation Dosimetry and Radiobiolgy, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia, (iprlic@imi.hr) 2Haj-Kom Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia Abstract In the year 2000 European Commission (EC) made a statement regarding the use of precautionary Precautionary principle (Pp) and explicitly laid it down into the EU treaty and is one of the starting points of its environmental policy. Pp should be applied where there is a reasonable suspicion of the existence of a health or environmental risk. Furthermore, the EC indicates that measures based on the Pp should not be aimed at completely precluding any risk; it assumes that such an effort is unrealistic. One of the measures based on the Pp is hazard characterization of the site enabling the acceptable remediation program to be laid down. The sites of interest are new technology communication sites, masts and antenna systems used for mobile wireless data communications placed into the environment which produce antropogenic electromagnetic radiation (EM) exposure of the environment and biota. They were placed into the urban and suburban areas due to the radiometric calculations only. No Strategic environmental assessments (SEA) was ever systematically done for this new technology and for such building constructions. Several attempts to preserve the environment and urban areas from devastation were worked out but the planned and reserved areas for mast constructions are very often illegally occupied due to the urban planning decisions at the lower local community levels. The new public perception approach and discussion of new Croatian national telecommunication strategy is needed. Keywords: EM fields, Mobile telecommunications, SAR, SEA

Biorazgradivi otpad – glavni parametar u vrednovanju sustava mehani ko-biološke obrade miješanog komunalnog

otpada

Niko Malbaša

Ekonerg, Koranska 5, Zagreb, Hrvatska (niko.malbasa@ekonerg.hr) Sažetak U Pristupnom sporazumu Republike Hrvatske Europskoj Uniji (Croatia Accession Treaty), a kao posljedica odgovaraju ih EU direktiva o otpadu pojavljuje se, izme u ostaloga, i zahtjev o postupnom smanjenju odlaganja biorazgradivog otpada te bi se kona no 2020. godine odlaganje biorazgradivog otpada trebalo svesti na maksimalno 35 posto od koli ine koja je proizvedena u 1997. godini. U provo enju tog vrlo eksplicitnog kriterija postoji, me utim, niz potencijalnih pitanja. Jedna od tema je sama definicija pojma „biorazgradivi otpad“ u emu postoje razli ite interpretacije u pojedinim državama, a u Hrvatskoj još nemamo preciznu definiciju. Drugo pitanje odnosi se na izra un biorazgradive komponente u ostatnom otpadu koji odlazi na odlagalište otpada, a koji je prethodno prošao obradu nekom tipu MBO postrojenja pa se po strukturi i sastavu znatno razlikuje od referentnog otpada koji nije prošao nikakav oblik obrade. U lanku se daje pregled relevantne regulative i prakse, prijedlog definicije biorazgradivog otpada, na ina procjene biorazgradive komponente u ostatnom dijelu otpada koji odlazi na odlagalište otpada. Dat e se prikaz na konkretnom primjeru jedne hrvatske županije uz pretpostavku obrade otpada na MBO postrojenju te uz pretpostavku ispunjenja zahtjeva o primarnom odvajanju otpada prema Okvirnoj direktivi o otpadu.

lanak e pomo i u sagledavanju problema povezanog s odlaganjem biorazgradivog otpada u projektiranju sustava za gospodarenje otpadom te tako er u izradi strateških procjena utjecaja na okoliš planova i programa gospodarenja otpadom. Klju ne rije i: biorazgradivi otpad, kriteriji odlaganja otpada, MBO postrojenja

Biodegradable waste – main parameter in evaluating the mechanical-biological treatment of municipal waste

Niko Malbaša

Ekonerg, Koranska 5, Zagreb, Croatia (niko.malbasa@ekonerg.hr) Abstract Within the Croatia Accession Treaty, as a result of certain EU directives on waste, there is a requirement, among other things, on gradual reduction of biodegradable waste disposal which should be finally in 2020 reduced to the maximum of 35 percent of quantity generated in 1997. In carrying out this quite explicit criterion, there is a number of potential questions. One of the subject is a definition of “biodegradable waste” itself, on which there are various interpretations in individual countries, while in Croatia there is still no precise definition. Another question is related to the calculation of biodegradable component in residual waste disposed on the landfill, which had been primarily treated in a certain type of MBT plant, thus significantly differed by structure and composition from the reference waste which has not been treated. This paper indicates an overview of relevant regulations and practice, proposal of defining the biodegradable waste, method of assessing the biodegradable component in residual waste disposed on the landfill. The overview shall be indicated on concrete example of one Croatian county under assumption of waste treatment in MBT plant and under assumption of fulfilling the requirement on primary waste separation pursuant to the Waste Framework Directive. The paper will help in analysis of problems related to the landfilling of biodegradable municipal waste both in designing of waste management systems and also in the preparation of strategic environmental assessment studies for the programs and plans of waste management. Keywords: biodegradable waste, waste disposal criteria, MBT plant

Industrial Byproducts and Reprocessed Waste Reuse Strategies – existing NORM experiences

Ivica Prli 1, Tomislav Bituh1, Mladen Hajdinjak2, Marija Suri

Mihi 1 1Unit for Radiation Dosimetry and Radiobiolgy, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia, (iprlic@imi.hr) 2Haj-Kom Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia Abstract Increasing industrialisation and population density have led to situations where humans and the environment are exposed to a multitude of potential stressors. Radiation exposure conditions entail a number of radionuclides which are treated in impact and risk assessments in an additive way although considering different weighing factors for different radiation types. Most if not all, radiological exposure situations are essentially mixed contaminant exposure situations with a mix of radionuclides, heavy metals, metalloids or organic pollutants. Knowledge on the transfer of pollutants between different environmental compartments, and on the impact of cumulative stressors, including chemical mixtures is to be geathered to reduce uncertainty in current risk assessment and screening methodologies, for example by improving the scientific basis for setting safety factors which are to be a benchmark for Strategic environmental assessments (SEA) and included into the national strategy of industrial waste management system enabling it’s release into the environment. The goal is to reuse the industrial byproducts rather than handle them as waste forming new waste facilities. NORM (coal ash, phosphorgypsum etc.) is a very delicate and important issue for our country and NORM waste alternatives are to be obtained, evaluated and presented to the stakeholders. Croatia has no recognized industrial byproduct reuse environmental national strategy jet. SEA must suggest proper policies. Keywords: reuse, NORM, environmental stressor, industrial waste, SEA

SEKCIJA 2 / SECTION 2

PROCJENA UTJECAJA NA OKOLIŠ / ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Zakon o zaštiti okoliša

Mario Obrdalj1, Domagoj Stjepan Krnjak1 1Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša i prirode, Ulica Republike Austrije 14, Zagreb, Hrvatska (mario.obrdalj@mzoip.hr, domagoj.stjepan.krnjak@mzoip.hr) Sažetak Zakon o zaštiti okoliša krovni je dokument zaštite okoliša u Republici Hrvatskoj. Unato tradiciji dobre prakse brige o vodama koje postoje od sredine XIX stolje a, preko primjene tadašnjih visokih standarda zaštite okoliša u Hrvatskoj koji još sežu u sedamdesete godine prošlog stolje a, pa preko zakona iz 1994. i 2007. godine, prostora za unaprje enje odnosa prema okolišu i poboljšanja regulative u tom podru ju uvijek ima dovoljno. Novi je Zakon o zaštiti okoliša usvojen i na snazi od srpnja 2013. godine. Uskla en je sa Zakonom o op em upravnom postupku, Direktivom 2010/75/EU o industrijskim emisijama, Okvirnom direktivom 2008/56/EZ o morskoj strategiji, a daje i okvir za izravno prenošenje Uredbi EU. Novi je Zakon je utemeljen na okviru koji je dao prethodni Zakon iz 2007. godine u koji je uneseno više zna ajnih izmjena kojima se omogu uje bolja briga za okoliš,

inkovitije vo enje postupaka koje provodi Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša i prirode, kao i ve a transparentnost tih postupaka. Novosti uklju uju repozicioniranje/uvo enje okolišne dozvole, izmjene uvjeta i postroživanje kriterija za obavljanje stru nih poslova zaštite okoliša, izmjene obuhvata primjene provedbe strateške procjene utjecaja na okoliš, izmjene i uskla ivanje razli itih procedura vezanih uz procjenu utjecaja na okoliš te još niz drugih zna ajnih novina. Klju ne rije i: Zakon o zaštiti okoliša, procjena utjecaja na okoliš, strateška procjena, okolišna dozvola, ovlaštenici

The Environmetal Protection Act

Mario Obrdalj1,Domagoj Stjepan Krnjak1

1Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection, Republike Austrije 14, Zagreb, Croatia (mario.obrdalj@mzoip.hr, domagoj.stjepan.krnjak@mzoip.hr) Abstract Environment Protection Act (EPA) is the most important horizontal legal document that regulates the area of environment protection in the Republic of Croatia. Despite the long tradition of good practice and specific care towards waters that lasts since the 19th century, trough the implementation of high standards in environment protection in 1970s, which was followed by two environment protection acts from 1994 and 2007, there was always enough space to improve our attitude towards the environment. The new EPA has been adopted and in force since July 2013. The EPA is harmonized with the General Administrative Procedure Act, the Directive 2010/75/EC on Industrial Emissions, the Marine Strategy Framework Directive 2008/56/EC, and it provides a framework for the direct transposition of certain EU regulations. The new EPA is based on framework provided by the EPA from 2007. A number of substantial changes have been introduced to provide a better care for the environment, to ensure that the competent Ministry conducts the procedures in a more efficient manner, and to improve the transparency of these procedures. The newly introduced changes include repositioning/introduction of environmental permit, changes of the scope of strategic environmental assessment, changes of conditions and criteria for authorized consultancy organizations that provide services in the field of environment protection, changes and harmonization of different procedures related to EIA and a series of other significant improvements. Keywords: Environmental protection act, environment impact assessment, strategic environmental assessment, environmental permit, authorized consultancy organizations

Pregled statisti kih pokazatelja provedbe procjene utjecaja na okoliš u Republici Hrvatskoj temeljem Zakona o zaštiti

okoliša („Narodne novine“ br. 110/07)

Domagoj Stjepan Krnjak1, Zrinka Valeti 1 1Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša i prirode, Ulica Republike Austrije 14, Zagreb, Hrvatska (domagoj.stjepan.krnjak@mzoip.hr, zrinka.valetic@mzoip.hr) Sažetak U procesu uskla ivanja hrvatskog zakonodavstva s pravnom ste evinom Europske unije donesen je 2007. godine Zakon o zaštiti okoliša („Narodne novine“, br. 110/07.) te niz podzakonskih akata kojima je ure en postupak provedbe procjene utjecaja na okoliš, strateške procjene utjecaja plana i programa na okoliš, utvr ivanje objedinjenih uvjeta zaštite okoliša te procjene utjecaja na okoliš uklju uju i i s time povezane aktivnosti poput informiranja i sudjelovanja javnosti te prava pristupa pravosu u. Navedeni paket propisa iz 2007. i 2008. godine temeljen na dobrim iskustvima provedbe Zakona o zaštiti okoliša ("Narodne novine", br. 82/94. i 128/99.) u to je vrijeme unaprje en i osuvremenjen elementima koji su bili zahtijevani u procesu pristupanja RH EU, a koji su se temeljili na dobroj praksi država lanica Europske unije ure ivao je provedbu postupka procjene utjecaja na okoliš zadnjih pet godina. Pregled statisti kih pokazatelja provedbe procjene utjecaja na okoliš u Republici Hrvatskoj prema Zakonu o zaštiti okoliša („Narodne novine“, br. 110/07.) uklju uje pokazatelje poput ukupnog broja predmeta, predmeta prema vrsti, na inu rješavanja i ishodu postupaka, brojnosti pojedinih skupina zahvata, pokazatelja vremenskog tijeka provedbe postupaka i druge. Klju ne rije i: procjena utjecaja na okoliš, statisti ki pokazatelji

Overview of the statistical indicators related to implementation of environment impact assessment in the

Republic of Croatia on the basis of the Environmental Protection Act (OG Nr. 110/2007)

Domagoj Stjepan Krnjak1, Zrinka Valeti 1

1Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša i prirode, Ulica Republike Austrije 14, Zagreb, Hrvatska (domagoj.stjepan.krnjak@mzoip.hr, zrinka.valetic@mzoip.hr) Abstract In the process of harmonization of the Croatian legislation with the acquis of the European Union, a new Environmental Protection Act (EPA – official gazette “Narodne novine” Nr. 110/07) has been adopted in 2007. Shortly after that, a series of bylaws has been adopted to regulate the procedure for the implementation of environment impact assessment (EIA), strategic environmental assessment (SEA) and integrated environmental requirements along with correlated procedures such as: access to information, public participation in decision making and access to justice in environmental matters. This regulatory package adopted in 2007 and 2008, based on the positive experience in the implementation of the former EPA (official gazette “Narodne novine” Nrs. 82/94 and 128/99), regulated EIA processes for the last five years. The regulatory framework has been improved and modernized by elements needed to comply with the standards required in the process of Croatian accession to the EU, and which are based on the good practice of the Member States. Pursuant to the EPA (official gazette “Narodne novine” Nr. 110/2007), the overview of statistical indicators of EIA implementation in the Republic of Croatia includes the following: the total number of conducted procedures, the total number of procedures by type, manner of resolution and decision, the number of different groups of projects subjected to EIA, the procedure timespans and others. Keywords: environment impact assessment, statistical indicators

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA): meaning and framework

Nebojša Pokimica1, An elka Mihajlov2

1Anahem laboratory, Mocartova 10, Belgrade, Serbia (npokimica@yahoo.co.uk) 2Faculty of Technical Sciences – University of Novi Sad / Environmental Ambassadors for Sustainable Development, Novi Sad/Beograd, Serbia (office@ambassadors-env.com) Abstract This paper is thinking exercise related to „resource overlaps“ between ESIA (Environmental and Social Impact Assessment; or sometimes called SEIA) and EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment). Rationale behind this research is to answer the question: is it possible to use the same Study/Assessment to be prepared by/for Banks during the process of validation of bankable projects (ESIA), and to be approved by competent authorities in country (EIA)? Paper is contributing to EU accession ( latest EC Progress Report SWD(2012) 333 final for Serbia noted that “ Although the alignment with the Environmental Impact Assessment Directive is fully achieved, the implementation needs to be improved…”). ESIAs strong pillar of environmentally sensitive projects is social impact (sometimes linked with resettlements) available for review by the (interested) public. The Banks (like EBRD) usually perform ESIA as the condition in the process of considering to provide finance/ loan. In Serbia, it is not national procedure for ESIA; laws in Serbia do not recognize this term. However, legally prescribed scope of EIA (Law on EIA, 2004) includes social and climate change aspects to be addressed. This (the way how address social aspects) could be link, if develop and use properly (not only formally), to use already prepared ESIA Study prepared by/for Bank in national procedure for EIA approvement (at least as the base Study to be just adapted to national legislation requests form). By this, resources will be used more effecitevelly, and it will be one consultation process with public (meaning that time for approvement will be more effective). Case study analysis is justified this approach. On the other hand, Banks should consider in more details national EIA legislation, in particular related to prescribed scope of EIA. Keywords: efficient use of resources , Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, Environmental Impact Assessment, EIA scope, ESIA scope, approval procedure

Povijesni pregled i aktualni problemi procjene utjecaja na okoliš u Republici Hrvatskoj

Niko Malbaša1, Vladimir Jelavi 1

1Ekonerg, Koranska 5, Zagreb, Hrvatska (niko.malbasa@ekonerg.hr, vladimir.jelavic@ekonerg.hr) Sažetak Procjena utjecaja na okoliš i op enito Zaštita okoliša ima u Hrvatskoj dugu tradiciju. Prvi sistematski dokument napravljen je još 1969., dakle ak prije stupanja na snagu poznatog ameri kog zakona NEPA (1.1.1970.) koji u svjetskim relacijama ozna ava prekretnicu prema sustavnom i organiziranom bavljenju zaštitom okoliša. U 70-tim godinama koje su karakteristi ne po izgradnji brojnih energetskih i industrijskih objekata stvorena je kvalitetna podloga za institucionalizaciju SUO u Zakonu o prostornom planiranju i ure enju prostora (1980.) i u Pravilniku o izradi SUO (1984.). U lanku e se prikazati taj povijesni razvoj problematike zaštite okoliša u svijetu i u Hrvatskoj te položaj SUO i sli nih dokumenata u raznim razdobljima sve do današnjih dana. Tema e se razmotriti ne samo kroz razvoj odgovaraju e regulative nego i kroz razvoj i primjenu stru nih alata u obradi problematike. Dat e se i povijesni pregled razvoja brige o pojedinim sastavnicama okoliša te pregled ogromnih postignu a u zaštiti okoliša u posljednjih 40 godina. Razmotrit e se i problemi povezani s procjenom utjecaja na okoliš koji su se pojavljivali te osobito oni koji su danas aktualni. Obradit e se i veza izme u pojedinih sastavnica okoliša te op e teme koje u zaštiti okoliša postaju izazov u budu nosti. Klju ne rije i: Studija o utjecaju na okoliš, Razvoj procjene utjecaja na okoliš

Historical overview and actual environmental impact assessment issues in the Republic of Croatia

Niko Malbaša1, Vladimir Jelavi 1

1Ekonerg, Koranska 5, Zagreb, Croatia (niko.malbasa@ekonerg.hr, vladimir.jelavic@ekonerg.hr) Abstract The environmental impact assessment and Environmental Protection generally has a long tradition in Croatia. The first system document was prepared in 1969, even before entering the well known American act NEPA into force (1 January 1970), which in world relations represents a turning point towards systematic and organized engagement in environmental protection. In the 70’s, which are characteristic for construction of numerous power and industrial plants, a qualitative basis for institutionalization of EIAS was created in the Physical Planning Act (1980) and in the Regulation on EIAS preparation (1984). The paper shall indicate this historical development of environmental protection issue in the world and in Croatia, as well as the status of EIAS and similar documents within various periods up to today. The subject will be taken into consideration not just through development of certain regulations, but through development and application of professional tools in processing of such issue. A historical overview of developing the concern on individual environmental aspects shall be given, as well as the overview of enormous achievements in environmental protection within the last 40 years. Issues related to the environmental impact assessment shall be taken into consideration as well, particularly those actual today. A connection between individual environmental aspects shall be processed, as well as general topics becoming a challenge in environmental protection in the future. Keywords: Environmental impact assessment study, environmental impact assessment development

Screening u procjeni utjecaja na okoliš – zakonodavstvo i praksa u EU

Katarina Celi

Ministrstvo za kmetijstvo in okolje, Dunajska 22, Ljubljana, Slovenija (katarina.celic@gov.si) Sažetak Screening je proces u kojem emo prona i i opravdati razloge za uvo enje procjene utjecaja na okoliš (PUO). U državama lanicama EU obvezu da se napravi screening pruža Direktiva 2011/92/EU. PUO obvezna je za sve projekte navedene u Dodatku I i za projekte u Dodatku II, koji prelaze propisane nacionalne pragove, te u slu ajevima kada se pri uporabi kriterija iz Dodatka III procjenjuje da bi projekt mogao imati zna ajan utjecaj na okoliš. Pristupi pojedinih zemalja razli iti su - za projekte uglavnom je propisan gornji i / ili donji prag. Kada projekt uop e ne dosegne donji ili gornji prag, obveza PUO odre uje se pomo u kriterija odabira. Neke su se zemlje zbog nepravilne provedbe tih odredbi našle u prekršaju. Slovenija je odlu ila da za uvo enje obveze PUO propisuje nacionalne pragove, što u na elu Direktiva dopušta. Ipak, EK je upozorila na pogrešnu transpoziciju Direktive pa zbog toga u Sloveniji mijenjamo zakon i uvodimo screening "slu aj po slu aj". Budu i da je dokazano da screening može biti u inkovito sredstvo za smanjenje broja postupaka provedenih PUO, predloženim izmjenama Direktive (2012) ova faza postupka još je zna ajno proširena. Klju ne rije i: procjena utjecaja na okoliš (PUO), screening, pragovi, kriteriji, EU

Screening in Environmental Impact Assessment – Legislation and Practice in EU

Katarina Celi

Ministry of Agriculture and the Environment, Dunajska 22, Ljubljana, Slovenia (katarina.celic@gov.si) Abstract Screening is a process in which we identify and justify the reasons for the introduction of an environmental impact assessment (EIA). In the EU Member States the obligation to perform screening is based on Directive 2011/92/EU. EIA must be carried out for all projects types listed in Annex I and Annex II projects that exceed the thresholds laid down by national law, and in cases where the application of the criteria set out in Annex III estimates that the project could have a significant impact on environment. The approach varies from country to country. Upper and/or lower thresholds are being used, combined with evaluation on a case by case basis. If a project reaches the threshold, an obligation to perform the EIA is determined by applying the selection criteria. Due to incorrect transposition and application of these provisions infringement procedures are already taking place against some countries, including Slovenia. Slovenia has decided to set fixed national thresholds in order to establish an obligation to perform the EIA, which in principle, the Directive enables. Nevertheless, the European Commission pointed to the incorrect transposition of the Directive, and Slovenia is modifying its legislation and establishing the obligation of screening "case by case". Since it has been shown that screening can also be an effective way to reduce the number of EIA procedures, this phase of the procedure is significantly upgraded in the proposal to amend the Directive (2012). Keywords: environmental impact assessment (EIA, thresholds, criteria, EU

Pravni lijekovi podneseni protiv rješenja o procjeni utjecaja na okoliš

Lovel Petrovi

Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša i prirode, Republike Austrije 14, Zagreb, Hrvatska (lovel.petrovic@mzoip.hr) Sažetak Sudska praksa upravnih sudova Republike Hrvatske u podru ju procjene utjecaja na okoliš i objedinjenih uvjeta zaštite okoliša manjkava je i neuskla ena. Neke odluke dovode u pitanje poziciju postupka procjene utjecaja na okoliš u hijerarhiji izdavanja odobrenja za zahvat, odnosno sustavu dozvola. Posebni problem stvara tuma enje materijalnog prava (prostornih planova) koje nije u nadležnosti voditelja postupka te se isti mora oslanjati na potvrdu koju izdaje drugo tijelo, a koja se može osporavati samo u upravnom sporu protiv samoga rješenja, što dovodi investitora u pravnu nesigurnost, a voditelja postupka u položaj da ne kontrolira dio svoga upravnog postupka. Praksa Europskog suda za ljudska prava jasno je definirala koje pogreške država u vo enju formalnih postupaka vezanih uz zaštitu okoliša dovode do povrede ljudskih prava. Cilj rada je pružiti pregled razloga do sada podnesenih pravnih sredstava protiv rješenja o prihvatljivosti zahvata za okoliš u Republici Hrvatskoj. Rad se bavi problematikom do sada dovršenih upravnih sporova protiv rješenja o prihvatljivosti zahvata za okoliš, odnosno rješenja o objedinjenim uvjetima zaštite okoliša te daje pregled novijih presuda Europskog suda za ljudska prava koje se odnose na problematiku sporova protiv rješenja o prihvatljivosti zahvata za okoliš.

ekivani rezultati rada su analiza dosadašnje sudske prakse u odnosu na problematiku procjene utjecaja na okoliš, uo avanje uzorka u razlozima zbog kojih su podnesena pravna sredstva, ujedna avanje postupanja u prvostupanjskim predmetima kroz prihva anje pravne prakse upravnih sudova te popunjavanje praznina u upravnim postupcima sudskom praksom upravnih sudova. Klju ne rije i: procjena utjecaja na okoliš, upravni sporovi, presude, Europski sud za ljudska prava

Legal remedies against decisions on environmental impact assessment

Lovel Petrovi

Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection, Republike Austrije 14, Zagreb, Croatia (lovel.petrovic@mzoip.hr) Abstract The case law of Croatian administrative courts in the field of environmental impact assessment is deficient and not harmonized. Some court decisions put the position of the environmental impact assessment procedure in question regarding the hierarchy of development consents, in the permit system. Interpretation of material law (physical plans) is a special problem, taking into account it is not in the competence of the person conducting the EIA, but in the competence of another body issuing the certificate on compliance with physical plans, which can be contested only in an court dispute against the EIA decision, which brings the investor into legal uncertainty and the EIA administration into a position of not being able to control your administrative procedure. The case law of the European Court of Human Rights has clearly defined which mistakes a state can make in environmental procedures, which can eventually cause breaches of human rights. The aim of this presentation is to give an overview of legal remedies against EIA decisions in Croatia. The presentation deals with until now completed EIA and IPPC administrative disputes and gives an overview of recent case law of the European Court of Human Rights related to EIA decisions. Expected results are an analysis of current case law related to EIA procedures, determining patterns regarding reasons for remedies, harmonisation of first instance procedures by accepting case law of administrative courts, filling the legal voids in administrative procedures by findings of case law. Keywords: environmental impact assessment, administrative dispute, judgements, European Court of Human Rights

Stalno povjerenstvo u postupcima procjene utjecaja na okoliš – prednosti i nedostaci

Anamarija Matak1, Anita Gulam1

1Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša i prirode, Ulica Republike Austrije 14, Zagreb, Hrvatska (anamarija.matak@mzoip.hr) Sažetak Postupak ocjene kvalitete dokumentacije u postupku procjene utjecaja na okoliš jedan je od klju nih koraka u procjeni utjecaja na okoliš koji se provodi kako bi se osiguralo da su informacije prikazane u dokumentaciji dostatne za donošenje odgovaraju ih odluka. Direktivom 2011/92/EU o procjeni u inaka odre enih javnih i privatnih projekata na okoliš državama lanicama dana je mogu nost da samostalno utvrde na ine ocjene kvalitete dokumentacije. Zakonom o zaštiti okoliša (Narodne novine broj 110/07) Republika Hrvatska propisala je model ocjene kvalitete studija o utjecaju zahvata na okoliš koji uklju uje sudjelovanje Savjetodavnog stru nog povjerenstva. Povjerenstvo u postupku procjene utjecaja na okoliš utvr uje cjelovitost i stru nu utemeljenost studija o utjecaju na okoliš ime zapo inje proces ocjene kvalitete informacija.

lankom 77. Zakona o zaštiti okoliša nadležnom tijelu dana je mogu nost da se za ve i broj istovrsnih zahvata imenuje stalno povjerenstvo za tu vrstu zahvata. U ovom radu, analizom postupaka procjene utjecaja na okoliš u kojima su sudjelovala stalna povjerenstva dan je prikaz prednosti i nedostataka rada stalnih povjerenstva u procesima ocjene kvalitete studija o utjecaju na okoliš. Klju ne rije i: procjena utjecaja na okoliš, studija o utjecaju na okoliš, Savjetodavno stru no povjerenstvo

EIA Standing Committee – Advantages and Weaknesses

Anamarija Matak1, Anita Gulam1 1Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection, Republike Austrije 14, Zagreb, Croatia (anamarija.matak@mzoip.hr) Abstract The review of the quality of EIA documentation is a key step in the environmental impact assessment procedure. It is used to ensure that submitted environmental information are sufficient for decision-making process. According to the Directive 2011/92/EU on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment, Member States are entitled to develop different tools for a quality review of documentation. Environmental Protection Act (Official Gazette 110/07) (EPA) prescribes a general tool for the quality review of an Environmental Impact Study (EIS) based on participation of an Advisory expert committee. The main role of the Committee is to evaluate the completeness and quality of the information gathered in an EIS as the beginning of a quality review stage in the EIA procedure. According to the Article 77 of the EPA the competent body may appoint a standing Committee when a larger number of projects of the same type are planned. In this paper, based on the analysis of the EIA procedures involving standing Committee, the authors have presented advantages and weaknesses of using the standing Committee as a tool for the quality review of Environmental Impact Studies. Keywords: Environmental impact assessment (EIA), Environmental Impact Study (EIS), Advisory expert committee

Interakcija prostornih planova i studija utjecaja na okoliš

Goranka Radovi Crodux Energetika d.o.o., Kaptol 19, Zagreb, Hrvatska (radovic.goranka@gmail.com) Sažetak Strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš je novi instrument planiranja zahvata u ranoj fazi odlu ivanja, dakle prilikom donošenja strateških dokumenata prostornog ure enja. Uredbom o procjeni utjecaja na okoliš propisano je da se postupak procjene utjecaja na okoliš može provoditi za zahvate koji su planirani važe im prostornim planovima. U praksi se pokazalo da nije mogu e za sve zahvate u prostoru takvu odredbu tuma iti na na in da se postupak procjene može provoditi tek kada su glede prostornih planova ispunjene sve pretpostavke za izdavanje lokacijske dozvole. Odluka o tome što je prije procjena utjecaja na okoliš ili provedbeni dokument prostornog ure enja za taj zahvat, ovisi o mogu em utjecaju zahvata, o osjetljivosti lokacije, o detaljnosti i sadržaju obveznog dokumenta prostornog ure enja. Mjere zaštite okoliša kao rezultat postupka procjene utjecaja na okoliš mogu biti važne za donošenje prostorno-planerske odluke, mogu utjecati na utvr ivanje mikrolokacije zahvata, a ponekad su važne tek kod izrade projekta za lokacijsku/gra evinsku dozvolu. Kod linearne infrastrukture se kroz postupak procjene utjecaja na okoliš posebice preispituju trase utvr ene prostornim planovima. U slu ajevima kada se trasa planirana važe im prostornim planom ocijeni neprihvatljivom ili manje prihvatljivom za okoliš u odnosu na studijom ponu ena varijantna rješenja, rezultat procjene ugra uje se u prostorne planove kroz postupak njihovih izmjena i dopuna. Klju ne rije i: strateška procjena, procjena utjecaja na okoliš, strateški i provedbeni dokumenti prostornog ure enja

Interaction of spatial plans and environmental impact studies

Goranka Radovi Crodux Energetika d.o.o., Kaptol 19, Zagreb, Croatia (radovic.goranka@gmail.com) Abstract Strategic environmental assessment is a new instrument for project planning at an early stage of decision making, that is, when adopting strategic physical planning documents. The Regulation on environmental impact assessment stipulates that an environmental impact assessment can be carried out for projects which are planned pursuant to effective spatial plans. In practice it has turned out that not for all projects in space it is possibile to construe this provision in such a manner that, in terms of spatial plans, the assessment procedure can be carried out only when all prerequisites for location permit issuance have been fulfilled. The decision about which comes first, environmental impact assessment or the physical planning implementing document for the respective project, depends on the potential impact of the project, on the sensitivity of the location, on the detailedness and content of the mandatory physical planning document. Environmental protection measures as a result of the environmental impact assessment can be relevant for passing spatial planning decisions, they can have an impact on determining the micro-location of the project, and sometimes they are relevant only during developing of the design for the location/building permit. In case of linear infrastructure, in the environmental impact assessment in particular routes established by spatial plans are reviewed. In cases when a route planned in a currently effective spatial plan is assessed as being environmentally unacceptable or less acceptable in relation to the variant solutions provided in the study, the outcome of the assessment is integrated into spatial plans through the procedure of their amendment. Keywords: strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment, strategic and implementation physical planning documents

O nepostojanju sukoba interesa u poslovima procjene utjecaja na okoliš i projektiranja kao sastavnica projektnog ciklusa

Zdenko Mahmutovi 1, Dalibor Hati 2, Anja Herak1

1Elektroprojekt d.d. , Alexandera von Humboldta 4, Zagreb, Hrvatska (zdenko.mahmutovic@elektroprojekt.hr) 2Oikon d.o.o. – Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska (dhatic@oikon.hr) Sažetak Poslovi zaštite prirode i okoliša su uvjetovani legislativnim okvirom i svi su uspostavljeni iz potrebe za zaštitom javnog interesa. Uspostavom obveze izrade razli itih dokumenata (primjer Procjene utjecaja na okoliš) koji u stru nom i proceduralnom smislu pokrivaju ova podru ja došlo je do svojevrsne nadopune klasi nog ustrojstva unutar projektnog dokumentacijskog ciklusa. Ova promjena izaziva razli ita tuma enja „tko“ smije raditi „koje“ odre ene poslove kako ne bi došlo do sukoba interesa izme u izra iva a pojedine vrste dokumenta i njegovog me uodnosa sa slijede im ili prethodnim dokumentom unutar ciklusa. Razli ita tuma enja predstavljaju ograni enja u smislu pristupa aktera tržištu. U radu e biti obrazloženo što sukob interesa uistinu jest i može biti te kako i kada se on može primjeniti kao ograni enje. Tako er, bit e napravljen pregled kroz zakonsku praksu po ovom pitanju u RH i šire. Namjera ovog rada je pružiti pomo regulatorima i naru iteljima prilikom donošenja odluka o primjenjivosti pojma sukob interesa u njihovoj praksi. Klju ne rije i: zaštita prirode i okoliša, sukob interesa, dokumentacijski ciklus, zakonska praksa

Absence of conflict of interest in EIA and design activities as a component of the project cycle

Zdenko Mahmutovi 1, Dalibor Hati 2, Anja Herak1

1Elektroprojekt JSC , Alexandera von Humboldta 4, Zagreb, Croatia (zdenko.mahmutovic@elektroprojekt.hr) 2Oikon Ltd – Institute of Applied Ecology, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia (dhatic@oikon.hr) Abstract Environment and nature protection requirements are defined by legislative framework and all are imposed out of the need to protect public interest. By establishing obligation to obtain various documents (e.g. EIA), which technicaly and proceduraly cover these areas a certain addition to the classical structure of the project documentation cycle was made. This change results in different interpretation of "who" may do "which" document in order to avoid "conflict of interest" between the developers of particular types of documents and their interrelationship with the next or previous document in the cycle. Different interpretations present limitations in terms of participant access to the market. The paper will elaborate what "conflict of interest" really is and can be, and how and when it can be applied as a restriction. Also, a review of the legislative approach to this issue in Croatia and beyond will be made. The intention of this paper is to provide assistance to regulators and customers when making decisions on the applicability of the term "conflict of interest" in their practice. Keywords: environmental and nature protection, conflict of interest, documentation cycle, legal Practice

Zaštita javnog interesa primjerenim korištenjem postupaka i kriterija odabira ovlaštenika za izradu studija utjecaja na

okoliš

Zdenko Mahmutovi 1, Dalibor Hati 2, Domagoj Stjepan Krnjak3 1Elektroprojekt d.d. , Alexandera von Humboldta 4, Zagreb, Hrvatska (zdenko.mahmutovic@elektroprojekt.hr); 2Oikon d.o.o. – Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska (dhatic@oikon.hr); 3Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša i prirode,Ulica Republike Austrije 14, Zagreb, Hrvatska (Domagoj.Stjepan.Krnjak@mzoip.hr) Sažetak Studije utjecaja na okoliš kao dokumenti od javnog interesa izra uju razli iti ovlašteni gospodarski subjekti. Obveznici provedbe javne nabave vrše odabir izme u raspoloživih subjekata na tržištu putem provedbe javne nabave. U Republici Hrvatskoj naj eš i instrument javne nabave koji se primjenjuje jest otvoreni postupak javne nabave uz primjenu kriterija najniže cijene i eliminacijskih kriterija povezanih s poslovnom sposobnoš u. S obzirom na karakter i složenost ovih poslova te njihovu izrazitu multidisciplinarnost ovaj na in odabira ovlaštenog gospodarskog subjekta u praksi esto izaziva probleme prilikom izrade ovih dokumenata i provedbe upravnog postupka. Rješenje nadležnog Ministarstva kao kona an rezultat provedbe upravnog postupka Procjene utjecaja na okoliš esto je uslijed lošeg odabira ovlaštenika ili nepovoljno za Investitora ili nepovoljno u smislu zaštite javnog interesa, ili i jedno i drugo. Pored toga se sam postupak izrade SUO i provedbe PUO nepotrebno ini nerazumno dugim radi neadekvatne sposobnosti ovlaštenika da se nosi s dobivenim zadatkom. Posljedi no, praksa je pokazala da je neophodno sagledati stvarne kapacitete, znanje i iskustvo ovlaštenika prilikom njegovog odabira putem provedbe javne nabave. To je mogu e jedino pirmjenom instrumenta ekonomski najpovoljnije ponude, tj. vrednovanjem tehni kih aspekata ponude (reference tvrtke, reference klju nih stru njaka, pristup i metodologija rada) i financijske strane ponude. Ovu metodu uspješno primjenjuju i razli ite financijske institucije poput Svjetske banke, Europske investicijske banke, Europske banke za obnovu i razvoj, KFW-a i ostalih. Tako er, ovu metodu redovno koriste zemlje EU koje taj instrument koriste u 80% provedenih javnih nabava za stru ne poslove. Klju ne rije i: studija utjecaja na okoliš, javna nabava, ekonomski najpovoljnija ponuda

The impact of inappropriate use of public procurement instruments during selection of authorized personnel for

environmental impact studies on the quality of the process of Environmental Impact Assessment

Zdenko Mahmutovi 1, Dalibor Hati 2, Domagoj Stjepan Krnjak3

1Elektroprojekt JSC, Alexandera von Humboldta 4, Zagreb, Croatia (zdenko.mahmutovic@elektroprojekt.hr); 2Oikon Ltd – Institute of Applied Ecology, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia (dhatic@oikon.hr); 3Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection, Ulica Republike Austrije 14, Zagreb, Croatia (Domagoj.Stjepan.Krnjak@mzoip.hr) Abstract Environmental impact studies as documents of public interest are developed by different authorized economic establishments. Public procurement implementation obligators choose available establishments in the market through the process of public procurement. The most common instrument of public procurement in Croatia is open public procurement that applies procedure by criteria of lowest prices and elimination criteria related to business capacity. Given the nature and complexity of these tasks and their distinct multidisciplinarity, this selection method of authorized economic establishments in practice often causes problems when creating these documents and during the implementation of administrative procedures. The decision of the competent Ministry as a final result of the implementation of the administrative proceedings on the EIA is often due to poor selection of beneficiaries, unfavourable to the investor or unfavourable in terms of protecting public interest, or both. In addition, the procedure of developing the EIS and implementing EIA seems unreasonably long due to inadequate capability of beneficiaries to cope with the resulting assignment. Consequently, practice has shown that it is necessary to consider the actual capacity, knowledge and experience in its selection of beneficiaries through the implementation of public procurement. This is only possible by applying the instrument of economically most favourable bid or, by applying review score of technical and financial capacity of the bid. This method has been successfully applied to various financial institutions such the World Bank, the European Investment Bank, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, KFW and others. Also, this method is regularly used by EU countries that use this instrument in 80% of carried out public procurement professional duties. Keywords: environmental impact studies, public procurement, economically most factorable bid

Proces izrade studije o procjeni utjecaja zahvata na okoliš

Zrinka Vladovi -Relja1, Dubravka Ba un2 1Interkonzalting, Ulica grada Vukovara 43a, Zagreb, Hrvatska (zrinka.vladovic@interkonzalting.hr) 2Istarska 45a, Zagreb, Hrvatska Sažetak Nositelj zahvata za zahvate propisane Uredbom o procjeni utjecaja zahvata na okoliš, NN 64/08, 67/09 (dalje: UoPUO), mora provesti postupak procjene utjecaja na okoliš, a rezultat je Studija o utjecaju zahvata na okoliš (dalje Studija). Studija je preduvjet za isho enje rješenja o prihvatljivosti zahvata za okoliš. Uredbom (UoPUO) su propisani zahvati za koje postoji obaveza provedbe procjene utjecaja zahvata na okoliš, kao i odgovaraju e aktivnosti. Budu i da se radi o nizu me usobno povezanih aktivnosti koje djeluju jedna na drugu, govorimo o procesu izrade Studije o utjecaja zahvata na okoliš (dalje: Proces). U medijima se esto mogu uti izjave nositelja zahvata da je postupak dugotrajan, kao i izjave politi ara da postupak treba skratiti. U propisima su navedene neke obvezne aktivnosti tijekom Procesa izrade Studije, i propisano je koliko one traju. Osim propisanih postoje i one nepropisane bez kojih je itav postupak nemogu e provesti. Neki postupak se ne može skratiti ako nije poznata ve ina potrebnih aktivnosti u procesu, niti koliko one traju. U ovom radu se, na temelju prakti nog iskustva, navode glavne aktivnosti, a njihovo trajanje je teško procijeniti jer ovisi od niza imbenika. Navode se problemi i nesporazumi koji nastaju ako nema jasnih pisanih uputa/smjernica. U radu se navode prijedlozi koji mogu poboljšati postoje i proces tako da bude djelotvoran – da se planirane aktivnosti i planirani rezultati postižu uz najmanji utrošak resursa, te u inkovit – da bude usmjeren na bitne aktivnosti. Klju ne rije i:proces, studija, procjena, utjecaj, okoliš

The process of preparing the environmental impact assessment study

Zrinka Vladovi -Relja1, Dubravka Ba un2

1Interkonzalting, Ulica grada Vukovara 43a, Zagreb, Croatia (zrinka.vladovic@interkonzalting.hr) 2Istarska 45a, Zagreb, Croatia Abstract According to procedures regulated by EIA Directive, Investor has to carry out the process of environmental impact assessment, and the result is the Environmental impact assessment Study ( in further text: Study). The Study is a prerequisite to issue a decision for a certain projects. Directive regulates some processes and activities within procedure. Since it comprises the sequence of interconnected activities and activities affecting one another, we refer to the making process of the Study of environmental impact assessment. The theory states that processes need to be planned and conducted under supervised conditions. In media, we can often hear the Investor's statements and complaints that the procedure is time-consuming, as well as politicians saying it needs to be shortened. Directive does not prescribe the obligatory activities during study making process, nor it prescribes how long are they to last. A certain procedure cannot be shortened if the majority of activities within procedure are unknown as well as their duration. In this work, certain activities and their approximate duration cited, are based on practical experience. Arguing the reasons why certain activity of some assessment lasts shorter, and some longer. Indicating problems and misunderstandings which occur when no clear written guidelines/instructions are given. In this work, suggestions are proposed, that could improve the existing process to be efficient – planned activities and planned results achieved with minimum consumption of resources, and effective – focused on essential activities. Keywords: process, study, assessment, impact, environment

Procjena utjecaja na okoliš - doprinos unapre enju stanja okoliša ili administrativna prepreka

Viktor Simon

Vikos, Mihanovi eva 31, Sisak, Hrvatska (viktor.simoncic@gmail.com) Sažetak Znatan broj primjera iz svakodnevne prakse (Sr , Plomin, Ombla, Bioeteanol, kogenaracija na otpadnu bio masu, odlagališta otpada, „Družbe-Adria“....) ukazuju na niz nedore enosti u postupku, koje mogu voditi ak i do zloupotreba. Iako ne jedini, i to je razlog zašto se investitori obeshrabruju i zaobilaze Hrvatsku. Iako se procesu izrade procjene utjecaja na okoliš ne mogu pore i mnoge pozitivne stvari, u ovom trenutku on je (proces izrade) prije administrativna prepreka nego instrument koji bi trebao doprinijeti unapre enju stanja. Posebnu pažnju u tom kontekstu zaslužuje i neodgovaraju a uloga ovog procesa u izdavanju objedinjenih uvjeta, a i strateške procjene utjecaja zahvata. Sli no stanje je i u nekim susjednim državama. Na osnovi iskustava ste enih u nekoliko država regije (prostor bivše Jugoslavije), kao i u radu za velike investitore (Svjetska Banka, Banka za obnovu i razvoj, EU,...) ukazuje se na negativne primjere iz realne prakse i daje prijedlog kako unaprijediti proces izrade. Imaju i u vidu složenost prostora, na kojem skoro svaki zahvat može imati utjecaj na susjednu državu, predlaže se i što je više mogu e unificiranje procesa u regiji. Klju ne rije i: okoliš, procjena, stanje, unapre enje, utjecaj

Environmental Impact Assessment - contribution to the improvement of the environment or administrative obstacles

Viktor Simon

Vikos, Mihanoviceva 31, Sisak, Croatia (viktor.simoncic@gmail.com) Abstract A considerable number of examples from daily practice (Srdj, Plomin, Ombla, Bioeteanol, cogenaration to waste bio-mass, dumps sites, "Congregation-Adria"....) indicates a number of ambiguities in the procedure, which may even lead to abuses. Although not the only one, that's also the reason why investors are discouraged and bypass Croatia. We can't deny many positive things to the process of drafting an environmental impact assessment, but at the moment it is considered more as an administrative obstacle than as an instrument which should contribute to improving the situation. Special attention in this context deserves inadequate role of this process in issuing integrated environmental, and strategic impact assessment. Similar situation is in some neighboring countries. Experience that I gained in several countries of the region (the former Yugoslavia), as well as working for large investors (World Bank, Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the EU, ...) indicates the negative examples from current practice and provides suggestions on how to improve the process of drafting of the Assessment. Given the complexity of the space, where almost every intervention can have an impact on the neighboring country, in work it's also suggested unification of process in the region as possible. Keywords: environmental, assessment, condition, improvement, impact

Informatiziranje procesa procjene utjecaja na okoliš

Marija Bajica1, Mario Obrdalj2, Zdravko Špiri 1

1Oikon d.o.o. Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska (mbajica@oikon.hr ) 2Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša i prirode, Ulica Republike Austrije 14, Zagreb, Hrvatska (mario.obrdalj@mzoip.hr ) Sažetak Pravni okvir Europske unije zahtijeva da države lanice osiguraju zaštitu okoliša od najranijih faza planiranja projekata i aktivnosti, uzimaju i u obzir sve potrebne mjere zaštite okoliša i ublažavanje negativnih utjecaja. U tu svrhu, procjene utjecaja na okoliš su potrebne u raznim situacijama, uklju uju i reguliranje emisija industrijskih postrojenja, gospodarenje otpadom ili sprje avanje i nadzor zaga enja. U kontekstu Programa podrške politikama primjene informacijskih i komunikacijskih tehnologija (ICT PSP - ICT Policy Program) koji je dio Okvirnog programa Europske unije za konkurentnost i inovacije, financiran je eEnviPer projekt – „Jedinstvena višenamjenska platforma servisno orijentirane arhitekture (SOA-Service Oriented Architecture) za procjenu utjecaja na okoliš kroz ra unalni oblak usluga i aplikacija e-Vlade“ i pokrenut u pet europskih regija, u pokrajini Apuliji u Italiji, na Kreti u Gr koj, pokrajini Nigde u Turskoj, op ini Indjija u Srbiji te u Hrvatskoj. eEnviPer platforma je temeljena na DOT softverskim razvojnim alatima koji se temelje na tehnologiji otvorenog koda uklju uju i PHP sa smarty dodatkom za stvaranje HTML predložaka, JavaScript sa Query i Ext JS dodatkom za stvaranje interaktivnih web aplikacija, te MySQL sustav za upravljanje relacijskim bazama podataka. U radu se pokazuju rezultati implemetacije i testiranja platforme temeljene na nacionalnoj regulativi i primjerima zahvata s pilot podru ja Krapinsko-zagorske županije. Klju ne rije i: zaštita prirode i okoliša, procjena utjecaja zahvata na okoliš (PUO), studije utjecaja na okoliš (SUO), informacijski sustavi u oblaku, platforma za korištenje softvera kao servisa

Informatisation of environment impact assessment process

Marija Bajica1, Mario Obrdalj2, Zdravko Špiri 1

1Oikon Lt.d Institute of Applied Ecology, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia (mbajica@oikon.hr ) 2Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection, Republike Austrije 14, Zagreb, Croatia (mario.obrdalj@mzoip.hr ) Abstract The legal framework of the EU requires Member States to ensure the protection of the environment from the early planning stages of projects and activities, taking into account all the necessary measures for environmental protection and the mitigation of any negative impacts. For this purpose, environment impact assessments are required in a variety of situations, including regulating industrial emissions, waste management or pollution prevention and control. In the context of the ICT Policy Support Programme (ICT PSP) that is part of the Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme of the European Union the eEnviPer project – „A single multi-purpose SOA platform that delivers environmental permission services through the cloud of e-Government services and application“ has been financed and initiated in five European regions in Italy, Croatia, Serbia, Greece and Turkey. eEnviPer platform is based on the software development DOTframework that builds on open source technology, including PHP supplemented with smarty for the creation of HTML templates, JavaScript supplemented with jQuery and Ext JS to create interactive web applications and MySQL as relational database system. The paper demonstrates the results of the implementation based on national legislation and the cases from the pilot area in Krapisko-Zagorska County. Keywords: environment and nature protection, environment impact assessment (EIA), Environment Impact Study (EIS), information systems in the cloud of services, software as a service (SOA) platform

Postupak procjene utjecaja na okoliš – uloga obrazovanja

Dinko Vujevi 1, Aleksandra Ani Vu ini 1

1Sveu ilište u Zagrebu, Geotehni ki fakultet, Zavod za inženjerstvo okoliša, Varaždin, Hrvatska (dinko.vujevic@gfv.hr) Sažetak Zakon o zaštiti okoliša Republike Hrvatske definira i obvezuje postupak procjene utjecaja na okoliš (PUO). Na in provo enja tog postupka i zahvati za koje je obvezatan, propisani su Uredbom o procjeni utjecja zahvata na okoliš. Za uspješno provo enje postupka PUO neophodno je da dionici odnosno osobe uklju ene u taj proces imaju adekvatna znanja o na inu provo enja PUO postupka. Istovremeno, u Republici Hrvatskoj postoji izvjestan broj visokoobrazovnih ustanova koje u svojim studijskim programima izu avaju problematiku povezanu sa zaštitom okoliša, inženejrstvom zaštite okoliša te PUO postupkom. Cilj ovog rada bio je provo enje istraživanja o poznavanju postupka procjene utjecaja na okoliš u Republici Hrvatskoj. Rezultati su dobiveni pomo u upitnika koji je sadržavao pitanja iz tematike povezane s PUO postupkom. Anketiranje je provedeno me u studentima i nastavnicima nekoliko visokoobrazovnih ustanova u Republici Hrvatskoj koji u svojim studijskim programima izu avaju problematiku zaštite okoliša, inženjerstva zaštite okoliša te PUO postupka. Rezultati dobiveni upitnikom su pokazali da je edukacija vrlo važan imbenik u stjecanju znanja potrebnih za provo enje PUO postupka. Klju ne rije i: procjena utjecaja na okoliš, obrazovanje, anketa

Environmental Impact Assessment Procedure

Dinko Vujevi 1, Aleksandra Ani Vu ini 1

1University of Zagreb, Faculty of Geotechnical Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Varaždin, Croatia (dinko.vujevic@gfv.hr) Abstract Environmental Protection Act of Republic of Croatia defines and prescribes environmental impact assessment procedure (EIA). Application of this procedure as well as types of projects for which is obligated has been prescribed by Ordinance of Environmental Protection Assessment. For the successful performance of EIA procedure it is necessary that stakeholders i.e. persons involved in this procedure possess adequate knowledge about EIA procedure. On the other hand, in Republic of Croatia, there is certain number of higher education institutions which they have included within their study programs environmental protection, environmental engineering as well as EIA procedure issues. The scope of this work was to conduct research about knowledge of EIA procedure in Republic of Croatia. The results obtained on the basis of questionary which contained questions of EIA issues. Target group of questionary were students and lecturers of several institutions for higher education in Republic of Croatia which they have in their study programmes environmental protection, environmental engineering and EIA procedure issues. The results have shown that education is essential factor in the process of gaining of the knowledge necessary in EIA procedure. Keywords: EIA, education, questionary

20 godina provedbe postupka procjene utjecaja na okoliš na podru ju Primorsko-goranske županije

Koraljka Vahtar-Jurkovi

Primorsko-goranska županija, Adami eva 10, Rijeka, Hrvatska, (koraljka.vahtar-jurkovic@pgz.hr) Sažetak S obzirom da je za zaštitu okoliša od najve e važnosti primjena na ela preventivnosti, koje se u zna ajnoj mjeri ostvaruje upravo provedbom postupka procjene utjecaja na okoliš, kao jednog od osnovnih instrumenata zaštite okoliša, a da je to posebno važno na podru jima velike prirodne i krajobrazne raznolikosti kakvo je podru je Primorsko-goranske županije, u radu se daje pregled provedbe postupaka procjene utjecaja na okoliš na podru ju Primorsko-goranske županije u proteklih 20 godina. Razmatraju se pravne osnove i nadležnosti za provedbu toga postupka, koje su se tijekom vremena mijenjale, te vrste zahvata za koje je postupak procjene utjecaja na okoliš proveden. Analiziraju se glavni i naj eš i utjecaji na okoliš te rezultati provedbe postupaka u smislu prihvatljivosti ili neprihvatljivosti zahvata za okoliš, kao i ostvarenje zahvata nakon završenih postupaka procjene. Razmatra se na in sudjelovanja i odaziv javnosti te ukazuje koji su zahvati u promatranom razdoblju izazvali najve u pozornost i reakciju javnosti te je li to utjecalo na kona ni rezultat postupka. Razmatra se za koje je zahvate i u odnosu na koje elemente okoliša propisano pra enje stanja okoliša. Na temelju rezultata monitoringa i analize stanja okoliša nakon ostvarenja zahvata pokušava se zaklju iti je li i u kojoj mjeri provedba postupaka procjene utjecaja na okoliš ispunila svoju svrhu ili je njezinim ostvarenjem ispunjen samo jedan od formalnih uvjeta za realizaciju namjeravanog zahvata. Klju ne rije i: zaštita okoliša, instrumenti zaštite okoliša, procjena utjecaja na okoliš, Primorsko-goranska županija

20 years of applying the procedure of the environmental impact assessment in Primorsko-goranska County

Koraljka Vahtar-Jurkovi

County of Primorje-Gorski kotar, Adami eva 10, Rijeka, Croatia, (koraljka.vahtar-jurkovic@pgz.hr) Abstract In light of the fact that the application of the principle of prevention is of paramount importance for environmental protection, and this principle is to a significant extent realised through the implementation of environmental impact assessment as one of the principle instruments of environmental protection, and with regard to the fact that this is of special significance in areas of high natural and landscape diversity such as the County of Primorje-Gorski kotar, this paper provides an overview of the implementation procedures of environmental impact assessments in the County of Primorje-Gorski kotar over the past 20 years. The paper discusses the legal basis and competences, which have changed over time, for the implementation of these procedures, and the types of intervention for which environmental impact assessment procedures were implemented. It analyses the main and most common environmental impacts, as well as the results of the implementation of procedures in terms of the environmental acceptability or unacceptability of the interventions. It also analyses project realisation after completion of assessment procedures. It discusses the ways in which the public participated and the public response, and indicates which interventions drew most attention and caused most public reaction, and whether this affected final outcomes. The paper also discusses which types of intervention require environmental monitoring and in relation to which elements of the environment. On the basis of the results of environmental monitoring, and analyses of environmental situations after interventions, the paper tries to determine whether and to what extent the implementation of environmental impact assessment procedures has served its purpose, or whether it was implemented only to fulfil one of the formal conditions for the realisation of the intended project. Keywords: environmental protection, instruments of environmental protection, environmental impact assessment, County of Primorje-Gorski kotar

Ekonomska analiza u sklopu procjene utjecaja na okoliš – komparacija metodologija izrade u Hrvatskoj i EU

Ines Rožani

Dvokut ECRO d.o.o., Trnjanska 37, Zagreb, Hrvatska (ines.rozanic@dvokut-ecro.hr) Sažetak Metodologija izrade ekonomske analize u sklopu procjena utjecaja na okoliš, preporu ena Smjernicama za „Cost-benefit analizu“ od strane Ministarstva zaštite okoliša i prirode Republike Hrvatske, u bitnim se odrednicama razlikuje od onih smjernica predloženih u sklopu Vodi a Europske Unije. Takve analize u hrvatskoj praksi u izra un ekonomskih koristi uklju uju neke kategorije poreznih davanja ili transfernih pla anja koja nemaju nikakav ekonomski

inak, ve samo financijski, što je u suprotnosti s EU metodologijom. Tako se u suprotnosti s EU Vodi em u obra un ekonomskih koristi/šteta uklju uju transferna pla anja poput: PDV-a na osnovna sredstva, pla eni neto PDV u obra unskoj godini, zakonske obveze koje proizlaze iz rješavanja imovinsko pravnih odnosa, donacije raznih fondova, devizni efekti, inflacija, te zanemaruju bruto vrijednosti troškova rada, koje bi trebale biti ispravljene „cijenama u sjenci“ ili konverzijskim faktorima. Iznimke u smislu indirektnih poreza mogu biti razne naknade koje se zapravo tretiraju kao procijenjeni troškovi mjera pra enja i zaštite okoliša, a koje u osnovi imaju zada u održati razinu negativnih utjecaja zahvata na okoliš u zakonski prihvatljivim granicama. injenicom da se takve naknade upla uju u hrvatski državni prora un esto bez transparentne namjene i efikasnog kompenzacijskog efekta proporcionalnog procijenjenoj šteti, trebalo bi detaljnije razmotriti opravdanost njihovog uklju enja u kalkulaciju ekonomskih koristi prema EU metodologiji. Klju ne rije i: cost-benefit analiza, ekonomska korist, ekonomski trošak, cijene u sjenci, konverzijski faktori

Economic Analysis as Part of the Environmental Impact Assessment - Comparison of Methodologies used in Croatia

and the EU

Ines Rožani Dvokut ECRO Ltd., Trnjanska 37, Zagreb, Croatia (ines.rozanic@dvokut-ecro.hr) Abstract Economic Analysis methodology as a part of Environmental Impact Assessment, as recommended by the Guidelines for "Cost-benefit analysis" of the Croatian Ministry of Environment and Nature Protection, is in important aspects different from those proposed under the EU Guidelines. In the calculation of economic benefits, such analysis in Croatian case does include some items like taxes or transfer payments that, contrary to EU methodology, have no economic effect, except the financial one. Thus, in contrast with the EU Guidelines, calculations of economic benefits/costs regularly include transfer payments like VAT on capital assets, net VAT paid in the accounting year, legal obligations arising from the settlement of property rights, donations of various funds, foreign exchange effects, inflation, often neglecting gross labour costs, that are usually not transferred to "shadow prices" or corrected by conversion factors. Exceptions in terms of indirect taxes are various fees that are actually treated as an estimated cost of surveillance and protection of the environment, which basically ensure that the level of negative impact on the environment is maintained in legally acceptable limits. Given the fact that such fees are paid to the Croatian state budget (often lacking transparent redistribution or direct compensatory effect that is proportional to estimated damage) and following the EU approach, one should consider the reasoning behind inclusion of such charges as economic benefits. Keywords: cost-benefit analysis, economic costs, economic benefits, shadow prices, conversion factors

Procjena utjecaja na zdravlje u analizi koristi i troškova

Brigita Masnjak1, Vladimir Jelavi 1 1EKONERG d.o.o., Koranska 5, Zagreb, Hrvatska (brigita.masnjak@ekonerg.hr, vladimir.jelavic@ekonerg.hr) Sažetak Analiza troška i koristi je važan dio procesa procjene utjecaja na okoliš i to na razini pojedina nog projekta i neophodna podrška odlu ivanju u postupku procjene utjecaja zahvata na okoliš. Za razliku od analiti kih metoda kojima se prosu uje individualna efikasnost samog projekta, ova analiza razmatra ukupne društvene efekte projekta. Jedan od efekata je i procjena utjecaja na zdravlje. U podru ju energetike naj eš e se koristi metoda troškova štete ili metoda procjene slijeda utjecaja. Analiza troška usmjerena je na glavnu kategoriju eksternih troškova, a ona se odnosi na eksterne troškove zbog one iš enja zraka, te se nastoji izraziti slijedom utjecaja od izvora emisije one iš enja preko promjene kvalitete zraka do fizi kog utjecaja, te na kraju izra una nov anih vrijednosti troškova. Druga, jednostavnija metoda je metoda troškova kontrole kojom se eksterni troškovi ra unaju na temelju ulaganja u mjere zaštite okoliša. One iš uju e tvari u zraku utje u na pove anje stope smrtnosti posebice uslijed dugoro nog izlaganja one iš enjima kao tzv. kroni ni efekt ali i uslijed kratkoro nog djelovanja, kao pove anje tzv. ''dnevne'' smrtnosti, kojom su najviše pogo ene osobe koje boluju od neke vrste respiratornih i/ili kardiovaskularnih bolesti. Utjecaj na zdravlje se osim kroz iskazivanje pove anja stope smrtnosti, iskazuje i kroz niz drugih tzv. ''endpoint'' funkcija kao što su: novi slu ajevi bronhitisa, prijem u bolnicu zbog respiratornih smetnji, kardiovaskularnih poreme aja, broj dana s restrikcijom aktivnosti, itd. Kvantificiranje utjecaja na ljudsko zdravlje uslijed one iš enja zraka je u posljednjim godinama od sve ve e važnosti ne samo kod analize troškova i koristi pojedina nih projekata ve i unutar strateških odluka i politike zaštite okoliša. Klju ne rije i: utjecaj na zdravlje, analiza koristi i troškova, eksterni trošak

Health impact assessment in cost – benefit analysis

Brigita Masnjak1, Vladimir Jelavi 1 1EKONERG Ltd., Koranska 5, Zagreb, Croatia (brigita.masnjak@ekonerg.hr, vladimir.jelavic@ekonerg.hr) Abstract Cost-benefit analysis is an important part of the process of environmental impact assessment at the level of individual projects and provides necessary support to decision-making in the process of assessing the environmental impact. Unlike the analytical methods to judge the effectiveness of individual projects, this analysis examines the overall social effects of the project. One of the effects is also health impact assessment. In the field of energy, commonly used is ‘’damage cost’’ or ‘’impact pathway’’ approach. Cost analysis is focused on the main category of external costs, it refers to the external costs due to air pollution, and is using impact pathway approach starting with the specification of pollution sources, then calculating changing air quality due to emission and dispersion, calculating impacts to the physical units, and assessing damages in monetary values. Another, simpler method is a method of ‘’cost control’’ by which external costs are calculated on the basis of investment in environmental protection measures. Air pollutants increase mortality rates notably due to long-term exposure to pollution as so-called ‘’chronic effects’’ but also due to short-term effects increasing '' daily'' mortality, which affect people who suffer from some kind of respiratory and / or cardiovascular disease. Impact on health, in addition to the increased mortality rates, is also expressed through a number of other so-called ''endpoint'' functions such as: new cases of bronchitis, admission to hospital for respiratory disorders, cardiovascular disorders, the number of days with activity restriction, etc. In recent years, quantifying the impact on human health due to air pollution, is of increasing importance not only for cost-benefit analysis of individual projects, but also within the strategic decisions and environmental policy. Keywords: impact on health, cost - benefit analysis, external cost

Analiza utjecaja na zdravlje ljudi u okviru studija o utjecaju na okoliš

Elvira Horvati Viduka

EKONERG d.o.o, Koranska 5, Zagreb, Hrvatska (elvira.horvatic@ekonerg.hr) Sažetak Tijekom javnih rasprava u okviru postupka procjene utjecaja na okoliš naj eš e u fokusu javnosti jest utjecaj na ljudsko zdravlje. Pažnja javnosti esto je usmjerena na utjecaj na zdravlje kao posljedicu utjecaja na zraka, pri emu se uglavnom iskazuje zabrinutost zbog pojave tvari neugodnih mirisa ili pak kancerogenih i toksi nih tvari u zraku. Naglasak u ovom radu stavljen je na procjenu utjecaja na zdravlje ljudi zbog one iš enja zraka. U radu su prikazane zakonske obveze i metodološke smjernice u pogledu analiza utjecaja na zdravlje u okviru studija utjecaja na okoliš u zemljama EU i SAD-a. Istaknute su razlike izme u „procjene utjecaja na zdravlje“ (engl. „Health Impact Assessment“) i „procjene rizika po zdravlje“ (engl. „Health Risk Assessment“), te kako se ova dva tipa analiza mogu koristiti u studijama o utjecaju na okoliš. Zaštita zraka ujedno predstavlja i zaštitu zdravlja jer treba imati na umu kako je ve ina standarda kvalitete zraka vezana za zaštitu zdravlja ljudi, a vrijednosti su im odre ene temeljem rezultata brojnih studija procjene utjecaja na zdravlje. Postavlja se prakti no pitanje za sve sudionike u procesu procjene utjecaja na okoliš: da li je dovoljno dokazati da projekt ne e narušiti zadane standarde kvalitete zraka ili pak utjecaj na zdravlje treba posebno analizirati. Klju ne rije i: studija o utjecaju na okoliš, procjena utjecaja na zdravlje, procjena rizika po zdravlje

Assessing impact on human health in the environmental impact assessment studies

Elvira Horvati Viduka

EKONERG Ltd., Koranska 5, Zagreb, Croatia (elvira.horvatic@ekonerg.hr) Abstract During public hearing, which is a part of the environmental impact assessment (EIA) process, people usually expresses their concerns about potential impact of the project on human health. Public attention is often focused on the impact on human health as a result of the impact on air quality, with most concern expressing about the odors or carcinogenic and toxic air pollutants. The emphasis in this paper is to assess the impact on human health due to air pollution. Legal obligations and methodological guidance concerning the analysis of the impact on human health in the environmental impact assessment study in the EU and USA are given. The differences between a health impact assessment and health risk assessment are described and examples of how those two types of analyzes can be used in EIA studies are given. Protecting air quality also means protecting human health because we need to keep in mind that most of the air quality standards are related to the protection of human health, and their values are set based on the results of numerous health impact assessment studies. This raises the practical question for all participants in the process of environmental impact assessment: is it enough to prove that the project would not violate the air quality standards or impact on human health should be analyzed separately in EIA studies. Keywords: environmental impact assessment study, health impacts assessment, health risks assessment

Analiza rizika velike nesre e

Brigita Masnjak EKONERG d.o.o., Koranska 5, Zagreb, Hrvatska (brigita.masnjak@ekonerg.hr) Sažetak U analizi rizika po ljudsko zdravlje unutar studije utjecaja na okoliš, za zahvate koje sadrže ve e koli ine opasnih tvari, procjenjuju se posljedice za ljude i okoliš glede mogu ih u inaka velike nesre e. Izra unava se i veli ina podru ja

inka i to obvezno prema scenariju ''najgori mogu i slu aj''. Za kriti ne dijelove kemijskog postrojenja koja sadrže zapaljive i eksplozivne tvari, za izra un dosega utjecaja velike nesre e na okoliš i ljude koristi se metodologija procjene - BLEVE i POOL FIRE scenarij, odre uju se vjerojatnosti i posljedice kriti nih doga aja te matrica rizika. Zbog djelovanja po etne nesre e u postrojenju može do i i do domino efekta i time prouzro iti drugu nesre u na susjednom postrojenju te pogoršati posljedice po etne nesre e. Za takve zahvate, a unutar studije utjecaja na okoliš, potrebno propisati mjere za spre avanje mogu ih nesre a i mjere za smanjenje posljedica po okoliš u slu aju nastanka nesre e. Detaljnija analiza se provodi unutar Izvješ a o sigurnosti temeljem Uredbe o sprje avanju velikih nesre a koje uklju uju opasne tvari (NN114/08) i grani nih koli ina opasnih tvari. Klju ne rije i: rizik, velika nesre a, kriti ni doga aj, matrica rizika

Risk analysis of major accidents

Brigita Masnjak EKONERG Ltd., Koranska 5, Zagreb, Croatia (brigita.masnjak@ekonerg.hr) Abstract In a risk analysis to human health within the environmental impact study, for projects that contain large amounts of hazardous substances, the consequences for people and the environment with regard to the possible effects of a major accident is evaluated. The size of the impact area is calculated, mandatory under ''worst case scenario''. For critical parts of the chemical plants that contain flammable or explosive substances, the methodology – BLEVE and POOL FIRE scenario is used to calculate the impact range of a major accident on the environment and people; the probability, consequences of critical events and the risk matrix is determined. The initial accident at the plant can lead to a domino effect causing another accident at a neighboring facility and worsen the consequences of the initial accident. Within the environmental impact study, for such operations, it is necessary to prescribe measures to prevent possible accidents, and measures to reduce impacts on the environment in the case of an accident. A detailed analysis is carried out within the Safety Report under the Regulation on the prevention of major accidents involving dangerous substances (NN 114/08) and limited amount of hazardous substances. Keywords: risk, major accident, critical event, risk matrix

Primjena modernih geološko-geofizi kih istraživanja pri izradi stru ne osnove u studijama utjecaja na okoliš

Glišo Raškovi 1, Željka Ostrež1

1GEOS d.o.o., Istarska 56, Rovinj, Hrvatska (geos@pu.t-com.hr)

Sažetak Cilj geoloških i geofizi kih istraživanja u oblastima graditeljstva, hidrogeološkim istraživanjima, EKO projektima, istraživanja mineralnih sirovina i drugim vrstama istraživanja je utvr ivanje što to nije geološke gra e podzemlja, njegovog strukturnog sklopa i posebnih karakteristika ovisno o cilju istraživanja. Da bi interpretacija prikupljenih podataka što više odgovarala stvarnom stanju u podzemlju istraživani lokalitet potrebno je prekriti sa što guš om mrežom egzaktnih podataka. Kombinacija klasi nih (u pravilu skupljih) i modernih geološko-geofizi kih (u pravilu jeftinijih) metoda istraživanja garantira najkvalitetnije rezultate i u izvedbi zahvata postizanje najboljih finacijskih

inaka. Ovaj pristup posebno je preporu ljiv kod istraživanja u "EKO" projektima i projektima namijenjenim gradnji gra evina i postrojenja za korištenje obnovljivih izvora energije, izrade kvalitetnih stru nih osnova Studija utjecaja na okoliš u navedenim oblastima, gdje je od posebne važnosti planarno pokrivanje prostora istraživanja. Posljedice neto no interpoliranih geoloških odnosa u podzemlju (koje su posljedica korištenja samo to kastih ili linijskih podataka istraživanja) obi no su vrlo skupe i gotovo nepopravljive, a troškovi sanacija vrlo veliki dok su u nekim slu ajevima potrebni zahvati neizvedivi. Klju ne rije i: istraživanja, geološka, geofizika, okoliš, studije

Application of modern geological-geophysical exploration in making expert base for Study about impact on environment

Glišo Raškovi 1, Željka Ostrež1

1GEOS Ltd., Istarska 56, Rovinj, Croatia (geos@pu.t-com.hr)

Abstract The goal of geological and geophysical exploration in the area of civil engineering, hydrogeological exploration, eco-projects, mineral raw-material exploration and other types of exploration is to determine (as precise as possible) geological composition of underground, its structural assembly, and special characteristic depending on the goal of exploration. Explored locality must be covered with dense net of exact data in order to make interpretation of gathered data as close as possible to the actual situation in underground. Combination of classical (usually more expensive) and modern geological-geophysical (usually cheaper) methods of exploration guarantees most quality results and achievement of the best financial effects in execution of exploration. This approach is especially recommended in exploration for "eco" projects and projects intended for construction of buildings and facilities for use of renewable sources of energy, making of quality expert basis for Study about impact on environment in above mentioned areas, where planar covering of exploration area is of the most importance. Consequences of inaccurately interpolated geological relations in underground (if they are consequence of using only point or line data of exploration) are usually very expensive and almost irreparable, costs of remediation are very high and (in some cases) necessary operations are impossible to execute. Keywords: exploration, geological, geophysics, environment, studies

Usporedba studija o utjecaju na okoliš za uzgajališta tuna s obzirom na programe pra enja

Anita Gulam¹, Tatjana Bakran-Petricioli²

1Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša i prirode, Republike Austrije 14, Zagreb, Hrvatska (anita.gulam@mzoip.hr) 2Prirodoslovno-matemati ki fakultet, Biološki Odsjek, Rooseveltov trg 6, Zagreb, Hrvatska Sažetak Marikultura kao dio akvakulture koja se odvija u morskom okolišu u Hrvatskoj ima dugu tradiciju. S uzgojem tune u Hrvatskoj zapo elo se koncem devedesetih godina 20. stolje a. Procjenom utjecaja na okoliš, kao instrumentom zaštite okoliša, utvr uju se, opisuju i ocjenjuju utjecaji namjeravanog zahvata na okoliš, temeljem Zakona o zaštiti okoliša (NN, broj 110/07) i Uredbe o procjeni utjecaja zahvata na okoliš (NN, broj 64/08, 67/09). U postupku procjene utvr uju se mogu i utjecaji planiranog zahvata, te se propisuju odgovaraju e mjere zaštite okoliša i program pra enja stanja okoliša. Da bi se procijenio utjecaj uzgajališta tune potrebno je detaljno utvrditi i opisati okoliš odnosno postoje e stanje potencijalne lokacije i podru je utjecaja zahvata. U ovom radu uspore eno je šest studija o utjecaju na okoliš za uzgajališta tuna te je utvr eno kako su isti ili razli iti modeli procijenili utjecaj. Tako er, analizirano je kako su razli iti programi pra enja dokumentirali pojedine parametre utjecaja za dva uzgajališta tuna. Na temelju provedene analize a) studija o utjecaju na okoliš, b) dva provedena programa pra enja, te c) studija o utjecaju na okoliš s odgovaraju im provedenim programima pra enja predložena je optimizacija programa pra enja okoliša za uzgajališta tuna. Klju ne rije i: uzgajališta tuna, studija o utjecaju na okoliš, procjena utjecaja na okoliš, program pra enja stanja okoliša, parametri utjecaja

The comparison of studies on the environmental impact of tuna breeding sites with respect to monitoring programs

Anita Gulam¹, Tatjana Bakran-Petricioli²

1Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection, Republike Austrije 14, Zagreb, Croatia (anita.gulam@mzoip.hr) 2Faculty of Science, Division of Biology, Rooseveltov trg 6, Zagreb, Croatia Abstract Mariculture, as a part of aquaculture that is taking place in the marine environment in Croatia, has a long tradition. Tuna breeding in Croatia has begun at the end of the nineteen nineties. The Environmental Impact Assessment, being an environmental protection tool, is used for identifying, describing and evaluating a planned intervention’s environmental impact, pursuant to the Environmental Protection Act (OG 110/07) and the Regulation on Environmental Impact Assessment (OG 64/08, 67/09). The assessment process includes the identification of possible impacts of planned interventions, as well as the prescription of specific environmental protection measures and of an environmental monitoring program. In order to assess the impact of tuna breeding sites it is necessary to identify and describe in detail the environment or the existing condition of a potential location and the area of the intervention’s impact. In this paper, six studies on the environmental impact of tuna breeding sites have been compared and it has been affirmed that the same or different models had assessed the impact. It has also been analyzed how different monitoring programs had documented certain impact parameters for two tuna breeding sites. Based on the conducted a) environmental impact study, b) two monitoring programs and c) environmental impact study with corresponding monitoring programs, the optimization of the environmental monitoring program for tuna breeding sites has been suggested. Keywords: tuna breeding sites, environmental impact study, environmental impact assessment, environmental monitoring program, impact parameters

Procjena utjecaja na okoliš objekata linijske infrastrukture: Instrument postizanja suglasja razvojnih planova i zaštite

okoliša ili ko nica napretka?

Vanja Satinovi 1, Daniela Klai Jan ijev1, Željko Koren1

1Oikon d.o.o. – Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska Sažetak Za kvalitetna projektna rješenja, posebno kada se radi o projektima linijske infrastrukture, bitna je suradnja projektanata i izra iva a SUO, od samog po etka projektiranja, što u donedavnoj praksi nije bio slu aj. To može zna iti i ve i broj izmjena same trase, ak i izvan podru ja odre enog prostornim planom. Neuskla enost projekata sa županijskim prostornim planovima rezultira nemogu noš u pokretanja postupka izdavanja lokacijske dozvole. Tako er, rezultati metoda analize varijantnih rješenja iz razloga nedovoljno poznatih metoda usporedbi, nailaze na neprihva anje me u sudionicima postupka procjene utjecaja na okoliš. Novija praksa pokazuje da su zahtjevi nadležnih tijela sve detaljniji, kao npr. detaljniji podaci tehni ke naravi o projektu i podaci ije je prikupljanje esto vezano uz dugotrajna i skupa terenska istraživanja. Nedostatak strateške dokumentacije, posebno strateških procjena županijskih prostornih planova, predstavlja zna ajan problem prilikom definiranja prioritetnih projekata u prostoru te pristupima procjenama kumulativnih utjecaja. Iskustva tijekom izrade projektnih rješenja i SUO na objektima linijske infrastrukture, pokazuju da je realizacija novih projekata linijske infrastrukture povezana sa zna ajnim problemima koji u kona nici rezultiraju bitnim produljenjem rokova realizacije ovih aktivnosti od

ekivanih, a samim tim i vjerojatnim odgodama realizacije ovih zahvata u odnosu na prvobitno zacrtane planove. Klju ne rije i: linijska infrastruktura, procjena utjecaja na okoliš, prostorni plan, analiza varijantnih rješenja

Environmental Impact Assessments for Linear Infrastructural Objects: Instrument to Achieve

Harmonization between Developmental Plans and Environment or to Stop Progress?

Vanja Satinovi 1, Daniela Klai Jan ijev1, Željko Koren1

1Oikon Ltd. – Institute for Applied Ecology, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia Abstract To achieve design solutions of high quality, especially in projects of linear infrastructural projects, the cooperation between designers and EIS developers from the earliest start of design activities is important, although it was not common recently. That could cause more alternative solutions of the same route, even out of the area specified by physical plans. Projects that do not comply with county physical plans result in failure to start the procedure for obtaining the location permit. Also, results of analyses of alternative solutions due to not widely known methods of comparison of alternative solutions, are often not very well accepted by EIA participants. Also, the new practice shows that requirements from competent authorities are more and more demanding, precisely more detailed technical data and descriptions as well as data whose collecting is not possible without long-term and expensive field researches. Lack of strategic documentations, especially strategic assessments of county physical plans, often represents a problem during defining the priority projects and during assessments of cumulative effects. Experiences from project solutions and EISs for objects of linear infrastructure show that the realization of new infrastructure projects is strongly connected with important issues which could finally result in significant extension of realization deadlines, from originally expected. Keywords: linear infrastructure, environmental impact assessment, physical plan, analyses of alternative solutions

Postupak procene uticaja na životnu sredinu u projektima autoputeva na “Koridoru X”

Igor Radovi 1, Dušan Mijuk2

1Koridori Srbije, Kralja Petra 21, Beograd, Srbija (i.radovic@koridorisrbije.rs, d.mijuk@koridorisrbije.rs) Sažetak Postupak procene uticaja na životnu sredinu sproveden je za sve projekte autoputnih deonica na “Koridoru X” koje se upravo grade u Republici Srbiji. EIA procedura je definisana Zakonom o proceni uticaja na životnu sredinu (Sl.Gl.RS. 135/04, 36/09), kao i nizom podzakonskih akata. Celokupna regulativa iz oblasti zaštite životne sredine u potpunosti je usaglašena sa evropskom EIA Direktivom (85/337/EEC, 97/11/EC, 2003/35/EC i 2009/31/EC). Postupak je sproveden pred nadležnim organom – Ministarstvom energetike, razvoja i zaštite životne sredine. Za svaku od deset autoputnih deonica izra en je centralni dokument – Studija o proceni uticaja na životnu sredinu. Obezbe eno je i u eš e zainteresovane javnosti u svim fazama izrade i odobrenja Studije. Kao obavezni deo procedure pribavljeni su uslovi, mišljenja i saglasnosti institucija nadležnih za poslove zaštite prirode, zaštite spomenika kulture, i vodoprivrede. Mere zaštite životne sredine i odgovaraju i monitoring programi su postali sastavni deo Glavnih projekata autoputeva, ime se obezbedilo i sprovo enje Studijom zahtevanih aktivnosti tokom izgradnje autoputeva. Predmet posebne pažnje su bile aktivnosti na zaštiti kulturnih dobara. Tokom izgranje autoputeva sukcesivno se implementiraju mere zaštite životne sredine uz odgovaraju i monitoring program. Dosadašnja realizacija aktivnosti na zaštiti životne sredine tokom izgradnje deonica na Koridoru X potvr uje da je EIA procedura korektno sprovedena. Klju ne rije i: Koridor X, EIA Direktiva, Studija o proceni uticaja

Environmental Impact Assessment Procedure for Motorway Projects in Corridor X

Igor Radovi 1, Dušan Mijuk2

1Koridori Srbije, Kralja Petra 21, Belgrade, Serbia (i.radovic@koridorisrbije.rs, d.mijuk@koridorisrbije.rs) Abstract Environmental impact assessment procedures have been carried out for all the projects of motorway sections in Corridor X currently under construction in the Republic of Serbia. The EIA procedure is defined in the Law on Environmental Impact Assessment (Off. Gaz. RS. 135/04, 36/09), and in other extensive secondary legislation. The entire regulations governing the environmental sphere are fully harmonized with the European EIA Directive (85/337/EEC, 97/11/EC, 2003/35/EC and 2009/31/EC). The procedures were carried out under the surveillance of the competent authority - Ministry of Energy, Development and Environmental Protection. The core document - Environmental impact assessment study was prepared for each of ten motorway sections. The involvement of the public concerned was secured in all stages of study preparation and approval. The obligatory part in each procedure was acquisition of conditions, opinions and approvals from the institutions in charge of protection of nature, of cultural monuments and from the water resources board. Environmental protection measures and monitoring programmes were incorporated into motorway detailed designs in order to ensure the implementation of the activities required in the study during motorway construction. The actions needed for protection of the cultural heritage were paid special attention. Environmental protection measures are being currently implemented together with the relevant monitoring programmes in motorway construction, and the environmental protective actions already undertaken during construction of motorway sections in Corridor X confirm that the EIA procedure has been correctly implemented. Keywords: Corridor X, EIA Directive, Environmental Impact Assessment Study

Planiranje trasa magistralnih plinovoda uz primjenu kriterija uvanja okoliša

Vanja Skopljak Štuli 1, Iva Jureti 1 , Hrvoje Krhen1

1Plinacro, Savska cesta 88a, Zagreb, Hrvatska (vanja.skopljak@plinacro.hr, iva.juretic@plinacro.hr, hrvoje.krhen@plinacro.hr) Sažetak Prilikom planiranja trasa magistralnih plinovoda nailazimo na razli ite probleme tehni ke prirode (projektiranje i sigurnost plinovoda) te razli ita ograni enja u prostoru: prostorno planska ograni enja, konfiguracija terena, vrsta terena (kopno-more), krajobraz, posebno zašti ena podru ja, itd. Plinacro u suradnji s izra iva ima Studije o utjecaju na okoliš, prilikom planiranja trase magistralnog plinovoda tj. kod izrade idejne trase, pokušava prona i najbolje mogu e rješenje vezano uz prostor i okoliš. U prvoj fazi projektiranja naj eš e se razmatra više varijantnih rješenja trase plinovoda. Op enito, prilikom projektiranja plinovoda pokušavaju se pratiti infrastrukturni linijski objekti (prometnice, dalekovodi, i sl.) radi racionalnog korištenja prostora. Tako er, ukoliko je mogu e, biraju se ravni arski predjeli iz više razloga: sigurnost plinovoda, jednostavnost izgradnje bez dodatnog uništavanja okoliša, vra anje okoliša (krajobraza) u prvobitno stanje nakon izgradnje. Kod projektiranja te kasnije prilikom izgradnje plinovoda primjenjuju se najrelevantniji ekološki kriteriji, koriste se postoje i infrastrukturni koridori koliko god je to mogu e, uvažavaju se mjere zašite okoliša propisane Studijom o utjecaju na okoliš, a sve u cilju racionalnog korištenja prostora i o uvanja okoliša. Klju ne rije i: magistralni plinovodi, planiranje, projektiranje, Studija o utjecaju na okoliš

Planning the route of the main gas pipelines using the criteria of environmental protection

Vanja Skopljak Štuli 1, Iva Jureti 1 , Hrvoje Krhen1

1Plinacro, Savska cesta 88a, Zagreb, Croatia (vanja.skopljak@plinacro.hr, iva.juretic@plinacro.hr, hrvoje.krhen@plinacro.hr) Abstract When planning the route of main gas pipelines, there is a variety of technical problems (design and safety of the pipeline), and various restrictions in space: spatial planning restrictions, ground configuration, terrain types (land-sea), landscape, protected areas, etc. Plinacro in cooperation with the makers the Environmental Impact Study, while planning the route of the gas pipeline (ie creating preliminary route), are trying to find the best possible solutions in the space and the environment. In the first phase of design, usually is considered several alternatives gas pipeline route. In general, during the planning of the pipeline route, we try to follow the line infrastructure objects (roads, power lines, etc.) for the rational use of space. Also, if possible, we choose plains regions for several reasons: the safety of the pipeline, ease of construction without further environmental degradation, restore the environment (landscape) in its original condition after construction. When designing and later during the construction of the pipeline are applied most relevant ecological criteria, using the existing infrastructure corridors as much as possible, respecting the measures prescribed by the Environmental Impact Study, with the aim of rational land use and environmental protection. Keywords: main gas pipelines, planning, design, Environmental Impact Study

Specifi nosti procjene utjecaja na okoliš za zahvate zra nih luka

Mario Pokriva 1, Zoran Poljanec1, Domagoj Vranješ2

1Dvokut ECRO d.o.o., Trnjanska 37, Zagreb, Hrvatska (mario.pokrivac@dvokut-ecro.hr; zoran.poljanec@dvokut-ecro.hr) 2Institut IGH d.d., Janka Rakuše 1, Zagreb, Hrvatska (domagoj.vranjes@igh.hr) Sažetak Procjena utjecaja na okoliš za zahvate zra nih luka specifi na je po više aspekata u odnosu na druge infrastrukturne zahvate. Postoji mogu nost sudara s pticama i drugim životinjama koja je osobito zna ajna u slu aju blizine zašti enih podru ja. Optere enje okoliša bukom je znatno izraženije tijekom korištenja, a mogu nost provo enja mjera zaštite je otežana zbog obvezne koordinacije s institucijama nadležnim za kontrolu i sigurnost zra nog prometa. Mogu nosti primjene smjernica za zaštitu od svjetlosnog one iš enja tako er su ograni ene zbog kolizije s propisima vezanim uz zra ni promet. Izražen je i sigurnosno-akcidentni aspekt koji je izuzetno pokriven sa znatno više obvezuju ih dokumenata (Aerodromski priru nik, ICAO dokumenti i sl.). Pitanje odvodnje i pro iš avanja oborinskih voda s manipulativnih površina problem je koji zahtjeva izrazitu pozornost, naro ito u vodozaštitnim podru jima. Zbog navedenih razloga tijekom izrade studije o utjecaju zahvata na okoliš u velikoj mjeri potrebna je konzultacija s institucijama o kojima ovisi kasniji rad zra ne luke, a neke od njih nisu direktno uklju ene u postupak procjene utjecaja na okoliš. Paralelno s ovim konzultacijama, u pojedinim slu ajevima potrebno je provesti ornitološko istraživanje (radi sigurnosti zra nog prometa i/ili utjecaja na zašti ene vrste ornitofaune), odnosno specifi nu razradu aktivnih i pasivnih mjera za zaštitu od buke radi mogu eg negativnog utjecaja na zdravlje stanovništva. Uklju ivanje javnosti u tijeku rane faze izrade Studije o utjecaju na okoliš, a prije svega lokalne zajednice koja je pod najve im pritiskom štetnih utjecaja, ponovno se pokazala višestruko korisnom olakšavaju i tijek javne rasprave i sami postupak procjene utjecaja na okoliš. Klju ne rije i: zra ne luke, zaštita voda, okolišno-sigurnosti aspekti, buka, sudar s pticama, svjetlosno one iš enje, koordinacija institucija

Specificities of Environmental Impact Assessment for Airport Interventions

Mario Pokriva 1, Zoran Poljanec1, Domagoj Vranješ2

1Dvokut ECRO Ltd., Trnjanska cesta 37, Zagreb, Croatia (mario.pokrivac@dvokut-ecro.hr; zoran.poljanec@dvokut-ecro.hr) 2Institut IGH d.d., Janka Rakuše 1, Zagreb, Croatia (domagoj.vranjes@igh.hr) Abstract Environmental impact assessment for airports interventions is specific due to a variety of aspects compared to other interventions in infrastructure. There is a possibility of collision with birds and other animals which is especially emphasized in the vicinity of protected areas. Noise burdening of the environment is much more pronounced during the utilization phase, and the implementation of protective measures is more difficult because of the obligatory coordination with the institutions in charge of the air traffic control and safety. The possibilities of implementing the guidelines for protection from light pollution are also limited due to collisions with regulations regarding air traffic and security. Security - accidental aspect is also highly accentuated and is covered by a largely greater number of compulsory documentation (Airport Manual, ICAO documents etc.). The question of drainage and treatment of precipitation from manipulative surfaces is a problem which requires special attention, especially in the water protection zones. For all the above mentioned reasons, it is evident that there is a great need for consultation with institutions which are not directly included into an EIA process but on which the subsequent operation of an airport highly depends. Concurrently with these consultations, in certain cases there is a need for the ornithological research (for the reasons of securing the air traffic and/or avoiding the impact on protected bird species), i.e. for the specific analysis of active and passive measures to be taken in order to mitigate the noise impact which may bear a negative effect to the surrounding population's health. Involvement of public in the early stage of the EIA process and, before all, local community which is influenced the most by the intervention's negative effects has again proven to be highly beneficial, simplifying the course of public debate as well as the EIA process itself. Keywords: airports, water protection, security-accidental aspects, noise, collision with birds, light pollution, coordination of institutions

Zagreb Airport - Environmental assessment and management

Remy Lagache1, Mario Pokriva 2, Eric Lonvis3

1EGIS Structures et Environnement, 40 avenue de la Marne, Wasquehal, France (remy.lagache@egis.fr); 2Dvokut ECRO Ltd., Trnjanska 37, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Bouygues Bâtiment International, 1, Avenue Eugene Freyssinet, Saint-Quentin-En-Yvelines,France Abstract Zagreb airport is currently managed and operated by ZAL (Zagreb Airport Ltd.). At the Handover Date, the Concessionaire (MZLZ – Me unarodna Zra na Luka Zagreb d.d.) will take-over the airport operations, the airport staff and the airport premises within the concession Site for a period of 30 years.During the first 3 years, the Concessionaire MZLZ will operate the existing airport installations and build a new terminal building, then will extend the terminal in a later operation. It is therefore of primary importance for the Concessionaire MZLZ to know and evaluate the Pre-existing Environmental Conditions within the concession Site and its surroundings, with a specific focus on areas where construction works are to be undertaken. Consequently, MZLZ undertook an Environmental Baseline Study, with main assessment concerns Air quality, noise conditions, ecology, groundwater and surface water, stormwater and wastewater, soil pollution, waste management, lead and asbestos. Even if all environmental topics have been investigated, particular attention was given to potential soil and groundwater pollutions, Zagreb airport being situated in the central part Zagreb protected aquifer and potentially subject to historical pollution (due to civil and military activities). Regarding future potential environmental issues, the concession time could be split in several periods, with an imbrication of operating and building phases. MZLZ has produced an Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan, a document intended to be an overview document that guides environmental management and monitoring on all the aspects of the project for the whole concession time. Methodological contruction of these two reports (EBR and EMMPR) and main findings are discussed in the following paper. Keywords: Environmental Impact Assessment, Baseline Study, Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan

Influence of transport infrastructure on the genetic diversity - implications for impact assessment

Toni Safner1, Jelena Liki 1, Mirko Mesari 1, Marijan Gredelj1

1IRES ekologija d.o.o., Prilaz baruna Filipovi a 21, Zagreb, Croatia (toni.safner@ires-ekologija.hr) Abstract Genetic diversity, the total number of genetic variants in a species, represents the adaptive potential of the species to the changing environment. Habitat fragmentation, the subdivision of a large area of habitat into smaller, often isolated patches, contribute to the erosion of genetic diversity through genetic drift and inbreeding. The development of a dense network of transport infrastructure is one of major drivers of fragmentation and loss of habitat connectivity and it has to be properly evaluated during the process of impact assessment. In this paper we present the examples of the negative influence of transport infrastructure on the genetic structure of insects, amphibians, small and large mammals, as well as the example of the well conducted planning of the green bridge on highway Zagreb – Rijeka in Croatia. Presented examples support the necessity to evaluate the effects of habitat fragmentation and propose acceptable mitigation measures during the EIA studies for the development of transport infrastructure. Keywords: genetic diversity, habitat fragmentation, transport infrastructure

Utjecaj stabilnosti atmosfere i meteoroloških parametara na prostorno širenje buke

Tanja Tudor1, Melita Milosti 1

1Gekom d.o.o., Trg senjskih uskoka 1.-2., Zagreb, Hrvatska (ttudor@gekom.hr, mburic@gekom.hr) Sažetak Buka okoliša jest neželjen ili po ljudsko zdravlje i okoliš štetan zvuk u vanjskome prostoru izazvan ljudskom aktivnoš u. Prostorno širenje buke, odnosno prikaz istoga izradom karte buke iznimno je važan dio studije utjecaja na okoliš. Karta buke se definira kao prikaz postoje eg i/ili predvi enog stanja imisije buke na promatranom podru ju. Razine buke izražavaju se akusti kim veli inama (Lden, Lday i Lnight) kojima se opisuje buka okoliša štetna za ljudsko zdravlje. Pri izradi karte buke putem ra unalnog programa SoundPlan verzija 7.1, koriste se standardi propisani Pravilnikom o na inu izrade i sadržaju karata buke i akcijskih planova te o na inu izra una dopuštenih indikatora buke (NN 75/09), u kojima su ve ura unate odre ene meteorološke situacije i parametri. Atmosfersko stanje bitno utje e na širenje buke. Pojava temperaturne inverzije je zna ajna za pojavu zona ujnosti i tišine na promatranom podru ju. Time naseljena podru ja koja su najbliža nekom budu em zahvatu u prostoru ne moraju nužno biti i najizloženija potencijalnoj buci istoga. Meteorološki parametri koji ulaze u prora un širenja buke su smjer i brzina vjetra te prosje ne vrijednosti temperature, vlažnosti i tlaka zraka. Kombiniranjem izrazito stabilnog stanja atmosfere i nepovoljnih meteoroloških parametara, pogotovo smjera i brzine vjetra, postiže se najgori slu aj (worst case) prostornog širenja buke zahvata obzirom na okolna naseljena podru ja. U radu e biti prikazane razine buke dobivene za najnepovoljniji meteorološki slu aj u

odnosu na uobi ajeni prora un prostornog širenja buke koji je propisan Pravilnikom o na inu izrade i sadržaju karata buke i akcijskih planova te o na inu izra una dopuštenih indikatora buke (NN 75/09). Klju ne rije i: karte buke, hrvatski propisi, stabilnost atmosfere, meteorologija

Influence of atmospheric stability and meteorological parameters on the spatial noise propagation

Tanja Tudor1, Melita Milosti 1

1Gekom Ltd., Trg senjskih uskoka 1.-2., Zagreb, Croatia (ttudor@gekom.hr, mburic@gekom.hr) Abstract Environmental noise is unwanted or on human health and the environment damaging sound in outer space caused by human activity. Spatial sound propagation presented by noise map is an extremely important part of an environmental impact study. Noise map is defined as a representation of the current and/or predicted noise imission in the observed area. Noise levels are expressed as acoustic value (Lden, Lday and Lnight) describing the noise harmful to human health. In creation of noise maps using computer program SoundPlan version 7.1, standards prescribed by the Ordinance on the method of preparation and content of noise maps and action plans and on the method of calculating limit values of noise indicators (OG 75/09) are used, in which certain situations and meteorological parameters are already included. Noise propagation is affected by atmospheric condition. Temperature inversion phenomenon is significant for the occurrence of zones of audibility and tranquility in the area observed. Therefore settlements closest to some future projects in an area are not necessarily exposed the most to the potential noise. Noise calculation includes meteorological parameters as wind direction and speed and average values of temperature, humidity and air pressure. Combining extremely stable atmospheric condition and unfavorable meteorological parameters for the surrounding residential areas, especially wind direction and speed, the worst case of noise propagation is achieved. This paper will show the noise levels obtained for the worst case in comparison to the conventional spatial noise propagation calculation prescribed by the Ordinance on the method of preparation and content of noise maps and action plans and on the method of calculating limit values of noise indicators (OG 75/09). Keywords: noise maps, Croatian regulative, atmosphere stability, meteorology

Primjenjivost lišajeva kao indikatorskih organizama u sustavu pra enja kvalitete zraka u Hrvatskoj

Maja Masla 1,2, Goran Gašparac3, Luka Škunca1,2, Sanja Grguri 3,

Oleg Antoni 1,2,3,4

1Oikon d.o.o. Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska (mmaslac@oikon.hr ); 2Geonatura d.o.o.za stru ne poslove zaštite prirode, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska; 3Gekom - Geofizikalno i ekološko modeliranje d.o.o., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska; 4Sveu ilište J. J. Strossmayera u Osijeku, Odjel za biologiju, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, Osijek, Hrvatska Sažetak Sukladno Zakonu o zaštiti zraka (NN 130/11) te Pravilniku o pra enju kvalitete zraka (NN 03/13), županije i gradovi u Hrvatskoj imaju obavezu trajnog pra enja kvalitete zraka, ako za to postoje opravdani razlozi. Tako er, za potrebe procjena utjecaja na okoliš gdje se sagledava utjecaj zahvata na kvalitetu zraka nužno je obavljati utvr ivanje postoje eg stanja i monitoring kvalitete zraka (Uredba o procjeni utjecaja zahvata na okoliš; NN 64/08). U Hrvatskoj se pra enja kvalitete zraka standardno obavljaju na emisijskim i imisijskim mjernim postajama, uz korištenje fizikalno-kemijskih metoda, ime se težište stavlja na procjenu parametara aktualne kvalitete zraka uz veliku vremensku i relativno malu prostornu razlu ivost rezultata (zbog skupo e mjernih instrumenata). Zbog svojstva da svu vodu potrebnu za život primaju iz zraka, lišajevi su me u najpoznatijim biološkim indikatorima za procjenu kvalitete zraka u svijetu, zna ajni po tome što prikazuju multi-pollutant/multi-effect stanje okoliša (Gothenburški protokol, CLRTAP). Odre ivanjem spektra vrsta lišajeva (jer postoje osjetljivije i otpornije vrste) možemo relativno brzo procijeniti i kartirati dugoro ne (kumulativne) efekte zra nog zaga enja na ve im površinama, što u standardnom pristupu s mjernim postajama prakti no nije mogu e. U radu se pokazuje da je analiza prostorne razdiobe indikatorskih vrsta lišajeva idealna nadopuna standardnom pristupu, prikladnija za prepoznavanje ugroženih podru ja, procjenu dosega zra nog one iš enja iz konkretnih izvora i optimizaciju lokacija za mjerne postaje. Klju ne rije i: bioindikacija, imisija, one iš uju e tvari, kumulativni efekt, one iš enje zraka

Applicability of lichens as indicator organisms in air quality monitoring in Croatia

Maja Masla 1,2, Goran Gašparac3, Luka Škunca1,2, Sanja Grguri 3,

Oleg Antoni 1,2,3,4

1Oikon Ltd. Institute of applied ecology, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia (mmaslac@oikon.hr ); 2Geonatura Ltd, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Gekom - Geophysical and Ecological Modeling Ltd., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, Osijek, Croatia Abstract In accordance with the Law on Air Quality Protection (OG no. 130/11) and the Regulation on air quality monitoring (OG no. 03/13), counties and cities in Croatia are obliged to permanently monitor air quality, if there are reasonable grounds for it. Also, for the need of environmental impact assessments, where the project’s impact on air quality is analyzed, it is necessary to perform determination of the current status and monitoring of air quality (Regulation on the environmental impact assessment; OG no. 64/08). In Croatia, air quality monitoring is standardly done with emission and immission monitoring stations, using physicochemical methods, whereby the focus is put on the assessment of parameters of the current air quality with great time and relatively low spatial resolution of the results (due to the high cost of the measuring instruments). Due to the fact that lichens receive all necessary water from the air, they are among the most commonly used biological indicators for the assessment of air quality in the world, significant for showing the multi-pollutant/multi-effect state of the environment (Gothenburg Protocol, CLRTAP). By specifying the range of lichen species (since there are sensitive and resistant species) one can fairly quickly assess and map the long-term (cumulative) effects of air pollution over large areas, something that is practically not possible when using the standard approach with measuring stations. The paper shows that the analysis of the spatial distribution of indicator species of lichen is an ideal supplement to the standard approach, more suitable for identifying vulnerable areas, estimating the scope of air pollution from specific sources and optimization of the locations for the monitoring stations. Keywords: bioindication, imissions, pollutant, cumulative effect, air pollution

Procjena stanja i utjecaja informaciono-komunikacionih tehnologija na smanjenje karbonskih emisija na podru ju

Bosne i Hercegovine

Mirza Berkovi 1, Amel Kosovac1

1Fakultet za saobra aj i komunikacije, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo, Bosna i Hercegovina (mirza.berkovic@gmail.com) Sažetak Autori razmatraju stanje i utjecaj primjene ICT tehnologija u funkciji smanjenja karbonskih emisija na podru ju Bosne i Hercegovine. U evropskim razmjerima, udio karbonskih emisija zemlje je zanemariv, me utim ona se nalazi u podru ju gdje se o ekuju zna ajne, nepovoljne, klimatske promjene. Uloga ICT u smanjenju karbonskih emisija i u borbi protiv klimatskih promjena je višestruka i kompleksna. Uzimaju i u obzir da je ICT tehnologija i sama izvor zaga enja životne sredine, što je na ovom podru ju posebno tretirano Zakonom o upravljanju otpadom i Zakonom o zaštiti okoliša, u ovom radu se primarno posmatra kao sredstvo u funkciji redukcije negativnog traga drugih sistema. Cilj rada je da doprinese rasvjetljavanju u osnovi još nedovoljno rasvjetljene prirode utjecaja ICT-a na okoliš. Zaklju ak rada je da razina i na in primjene ICT-a, posebno temeljenih na obnovljivim izvorima energije, a koje imaju interakciju sa drugim pozitivnim rješenjim, može zna ajno utjecati na smanjenje karbonskih emisija, te tako direktno doprinjeti ekološkom aspektu održivog razvoja BiH. Klju ne rije i: zaštita okoliša, ICT, procjena, GHG, BAU

Assessment and impact of information and communication technologies to reduce carbon emissions on the territory of

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Mirza Berkovi 1, Amel Kosovac1

1Faculty of Traffic and Communications, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (mirza.berkovic@gmail.com) Abstract The authors discusses the state and the impact of the application of information and communication technologies in function to reduce carbon emissions on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In European terms, the share of carbon emissions of Bosnia and Herzegovina is negligible, but Bosnia and Herzegovina is located in an area where expected significant, unfavorable climate changes. The role of ICT in reducing carbon emissions and in the fight against climate change is multiple and complex. Taking into consideration that the ICT technology and source of pollution of the environment, what is on this area, specially treated by the Law on Waste Management and the Environmental Protection Act, this paper is primarily seen as a means of reducing the negative trace in other systems. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the scientific of clarification in basically still insufficiently clearer nature of the influence of ICT on the environment. The conclusion work is that the level and method application of information and communication technologies, particularly based on renewable energy sources, and which has a positive interaction with other solutions, can have a significant impact on reducing carbon emissions, and thus directly contribute to aspect of sustainable development in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Keywords: environmental protection, ICT, assessment, GHG, BAU

Uloga dobrovoljnog tržišta ugljika u neutralizaciji emisije stakleni kih plinova prilikom zahvata u okolišu

Roman Danko1, Dalibor Hati 2, Oleg Antoni 2,3

1CO2cut d.o.o., Opatovina 23, Zagreb, Hrvatska (rdanko@co2cut.com) 2Oikon d.o.o. Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju, Trg Senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska (dhatic@oikon.hr) 3Sveu ilište J. J. Strossmayera u Osijeku, Odjel za biologiju, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, Osijek, Hrvatska (oantonic@oikon.hr) Sažetak Rad razmatra mogu nost neutralizacije (offset) emisija stakleni kih plinova prilikom zahvata u okoliš. Bilanca emisija pojedinog zahvata može biti pozitivna i negativna. Pozitivna bilanca prisutna je kod projekata koji ispuštaju višak stakleni kih plinova u odnosu na prirodni ciklus (npr. sje a šume prilikom izgradnje prometnice proizvodi višak emisija CO2 zbog gubitka drvne mase, te korištenja mehanizacije i kasnije eksploatacije prometnice). Negativna bilanca emisija javlja se npr. prilikom izgradnje i korištenja vjetroelektrane. U tome slu aju emisija CO2 je tijekom gradnje zanemariva u odnosu na izbjegavanje emisije CO2 tijekom radnog vijeka vjetroelektrane koje bi ina e bile prisutne pri ekvivalentnoj proizvodnji energije u elektrani na fosilna goriva. U projektima negativne bilance emisija mogu e je verificirati i izdati ugljikove kredite koji neutraliziraju emisije stakleni kih plinova zahvata u okoliš s pozitivnom bilancom emisija. Klimatske promjene uzrokovane ovjekovim djelovanjem globalni su problem koji traži globalni pristup rješenju pa je ugljikove kredite mogu e kupovati i prodavati na me unarodnom dobrovoljnom tržištu ugljika. Prilikom zahvata u okoliš cjelokupnu pozitivnu bilancu (tj. višak) emisija stakleni kih plinova mogu e je neutralizirati verificiranim projektima sa svih kontinenata koji uklju uju postrojenja obnovljivih izvora energije, projekte pošumljavanja i zaštite šuma, te projekte upravljanja odlagalištima otpada (izbjegavanje emisija metana). Klju ne rije i: bilanca emisija, ugljikovi krediti, offset projekti

Voluntary Carbon Market and Carbon Offseting in Environmental Development Projects

Roman Danko1, Dalibor Hati 2, Oleg Antoni 2, 3

1CO2cut Ltd., Opatovina 23, Zagreb, Croatia (rdanko@co2cut.com) 2Oikon Ltd. Institute for Applied Ecology, Trg Senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia (dhatic@oikon.hr) 3J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana bb, Osijek, Croatia (oantonic@oikon.hr) Abstract Paper discusses the possibility of neutralization (offset) of greenhouse gases during development projects. Intervention may have positive and negative emissions balace. The positive balance is present in projects that emit greenhouse gases in excess compared to the natural cycle (eg. deforestation while building roads results with CO2 emissions due to the loss of trees, use of a machinery and the subsequent exploitation of roads). The negative balance of emission occurs, for example, when wind farms are built. In this case, CO2 emissions during construction are negligible in relation to the avoidance of CO2 emissions during the life of wind plant that would otherwise be present at equivalent energy production in power plants using fossil fuels. A project with negative balance can 'produce', verify and issue carbon credits to neutralize greenhouse gas emissions of a project with the positive emissions balance. Climate change caused by human activities is global problem that requires global solution, so carbon credits could be bought and sold on the international voluntary carbon market. Overall positive balance (ie surplus) of greenhouse gas emissions can be offset by verified projects from all continents, including renewable energy projects, reforestation and forest protection and landfills management (avoiding methane emissions). Keywords: emissions balance, carbon credits, offset projects

Primjena WEB-AIR online informacijskog sustava za upravljanje kvalitetom zraka u procjeni utjecaja na okoliš i

strateškoj procjeni utjecaja na okoliš

Goran Gašparac1, Sanja Grguri 1, Josip Križan1 , Oleg Antoni 1,2,3, Zdravko Špiri 2, Kurt Fedra4

1Gekom d.o.o. – Geofizikalno i ekološko modeliranje, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska (ggasparac@gekom.hr)

2Oikon d.o.o. – Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska 3Odjel za biologiju, Sveu ilište J.J.Strossmayer, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, Osijek, Hrvatska 4Environmental Software & Services GmbH AUSTRIA Am Eichkogel 14 , Mödling, Austrija Sažetak U sklopu me unarodnog projekta Eureka E!3266 – WEBAIR – WEB Based Air Quality Assesment and Menagement razvijen je mrežno orijentirani multimedijalni informacijski sustav namijenjen za upravljanje kvalitetom zraka koji je primjenjiv na lokalnoj, regionalnoj i nacionalnoj skali. Kroz sustav se vrši integracija meteoroloških podataka, te podataka o emisijama iz pokretnih i stacionarnih izvora one iš enja nakon ega se modelira kvaliteta zraka ovisno o vrsti i na inu primjene (Gaussovski, Lagrangianski i Eulerovski model). Sustav je organiziran kao modularno web su elje koje obuhva a 1) dinami ko modeliranje emisija, 2) alate za izvještavanje prema važe im Uredbama, 3) ekspertne sustave optimizacije kontrole emisija i validacije te 4) sve potrebne GIS podloge. Sustav je testiran na nekoliko podru ja u svijetu (Cipar, Seoul, Be , Malta, itd.), te na podru ju Sisa ko – moslava ke županije i grada Siska. U radu se prikazuje primjena sustava u procjeni utjecaja na okoliš i strateškoj procjeni utjecaja one iš iva a na okoliš u skladu sa europskim regulativama i propisima iz podru ja kvalitete zraka. Klju ne rije i: upravljanje kvalitetom zraka, numeri ko modeliranje, EUREKA projekti procjena utjecaja na okoliš

Appliance of WEB-AIR online information air quality management system on environmental impact assessment and

strategic environment assessment

Goran Gašparac1, Sanja Grguri 1, Josip Križan1, Oleg Antoni 1,2,3, Zdravko Špiri 2, Kurt Fedra4

1Gekom Ltd. – Geophysical and ecological modelling, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia (ggasparac@gekom.hr) 2Oikon Ltd. – Institute for applied ecology, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia Croatia 3 Department for biology, J.J.Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, Osijek, Croatia 4Environmental Software & Services GmbH AUSTRIA Am Eichkogel 14 , Mödling, Austria Abstract As a part of international research and development project Eureka E!3266, WEBAIR – WEB Based Air Quality Assesment and Menagement information system for local, regional and nacional scale has been developed. The system integrates meteorological, air quality data and emissions data from mobile and stationary sources into air quality models. Depending on approach and type of case study the system support Gaussian, Lagrangian and Eulerian air quality models. The system is implemented as a range of web accessible fully integrated application services which beside numerical models, encompasses various necessary tools for air quality management such as dynamical emission modelling, expert systems, optimisation of emission control, data validation, GIS and reporting tools under European legislation (2008/50/EC directive). The system has been tested and used on various locations, including Cyprus, Seoul, Vienna, Malta etc., and Sisak county area and City of Sisak. Goal of this study is to show application of air quality management system in environmental and strategic environmental impact assessment compliant with current European and Croatian legislation. Keywords: air quality management, numerical modelling, EUREKA, environmental impact assessment

Specifi nosti utjecaja na okoliš korištenjem biomase u industriji cementa

Merica Pletikosi

CEMEX Hrvatska d.d., Cesta dr.Franje Tu mana 45, Kaštel Su urac, Hrvatska, (merica.pletikosic@cemex.com) Sažetak Prilagodba klimatskim promjenama, gospodarstvu uvjetuje nove ciljeve, a uspijeh ovisi o korištenju tehnologija koje zamjenjuju fosilna goriva. Naju inkovitiji na in smanjenja emisije stakleni kih plinova u cementnoj industriji je korištenje zamjenskih goriva porijeklom od biomase. Zbog toga je u tvornicama cementa provedeno više postupaka potrebe o procjeni / procjene utjecaja na okoliš. Cilj ovog rada je energetskom oporabom utvrditi utjecaj korištenja komine kao zamjenskog goriva u procesu proizvodnje cementa kroz emisije uglji nog dioksida, sumpornog dioksida, duši nih oksida, dioksina, furana i teških metala, kao i usporedbu kalorijske vrijednosti promatranih goriva, u procesu proizvodnje cementa tvrtke CEMEX Hrvatska d.d. Na uzorku entiteta od 120 dnevnih prosje nih mjerenja emisije uglji nog dioksida, sumpornog dioksida, duši nih oksida (60 dana mjerenja u kojima je korišteno isklju ivo samo fosilno gorivo - 30 dana iz 2011 i 30 dana iz 2012 godine) i povremenih mjerenja dioksina, furana i teških metala, te 60 dana u kojima je korištena definirana koli ina komine kao zamjensko gorivo (60 dana iz 2011 i 60 dana iz 2012), utvr ena je statisti ki zna ajna razlika u definiranim klasterima. Univarijantna analiza varijance (ANOVA) ukazuje na statisti ki zna ajnu razliku izme u klastera mjerenja koja su koristili kominu i koji nisu u emisijama CO2 , dok vrijednosti emisija ostalih promatranih parametara tako er ukazuju na smanjene vrijednosti emisija, ali ne i statisti ku zna ajnost. Svi rezultati emisija uspore eni su s modelima i izra unima bilanca emisija iz postupka procjene utjecaja na okoliš. Klju ne rije i: biomasa, cementna industrija, energetska oporaba, stakleni ki plinovi

Specifics of the environmental impact of biomass use in the cement industry

Merica Pletikosi

CEMEX Hrvatska d.d., Cesta dr.Franje Tu mana 45, Kaštel Su urac, Croatia (merica.pletikosic@cemex.com) Abstract Adaptation to climate changes determines new goals in the economy, and success depends on the use of technologies which replace fossil fuels. The most effective way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the cement industry is the use of alternative fuels originating from biomass. Therefore, several procedures of reviewing the need for environmental impact assessment/s were conducted in cement plants. The aim of this paper was to determine, by energy recovery, the impact of using olive pomace as an alternative fuel in the cement production process through the emission of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, dioxins, furans and heavy metals, as well as the comparison of the observed fuels’ calorific values in the production process of cement company CEMEX Croatia. In a sample of entities of 120 daily average emission measurements of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides (60 days of measurement in which exclusively fossil fuel was used -30 days in 2011 and 30 days in 2012) and occasional measurements of dioxins, furans and heavy metals, in addition to 60 days in which the amount of olive pomace used was defined as an alternative fuel (60 days in 2011 and 60 days in 2012), there was a statistically significant difference in defined clusters. Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed statistically significant differences in CO2 emissions between clusters of measurements that used olive pomace and those which did not, while emission values from other observed parameters also indicate reduced emission levels, but do not show statistical significance. All emissions results were compared with models and calculation balance emissions from the procedure of environmental impact assessment. Keywords: biomass/cement industry/energy recovery/greenhouse gases.

Provedba na ela kombiniranog pristupa prema Okvirnoj direktivi o vodama EU u postupcima procjene utjecaja

zahvata na okoliš

Vesna Trbojevi 1, Dunja Bariši 1, Elizabeta Kos1

1Ministarstvo poljoprivrede, Uprava vodnoga gospodarstva, Ulica Grada Vukovara 220 Zagreb, Hrvatska (tvesna@voda.hr)

Sažetak Ovaj rad ima za cilj prikazati primjenu na ela kombiniranog pristupa prema Okvirnoj direktivi o vodama EU prenesenog u zakonodavni okvir vodnoga gospodarstva koji je potrebno primijeniti ve u postupku procjene utjecaja zahvata na okoliš za svaki zahvat u prostoru za koji se ocjeni da ima utjecaja na stanje površinskih i podzemnih vodnih tijela uklju uju i i prijelazne i priobalne vode. Kombinirani pristup u na elu zna i da se ocjena utjecaja nekog zahvata u prostoru na stanje voda utvr uje kombinacijom ocjene utjecaja zahvata na stanje vodnih tijela koji su pod utjecajem toga zahvata primjenom standarda kakvo e voda i ograni avanjem odnosno kontrolom emisija otpadnih voda koje se ispuštaju iz tog zahvata primjenom standarda kakvo e efluenta. Pritom treba imati u vidu postizanje propisanih ciljeva zaštite voda i vodnog okoliša. U slu aju da ograni enjem emisija otpadnih voda nije mogu e posti i propisano stanje vodnog tijela koje je recipijent otpadnih voda potrebno je propisati strože grani ne vrijednosti emisija odnosno poduzeti i druge mjere koje moraju omogu iti postizanje najmanje dobrog stanja vodnog tijela-recipijenta ispuštenih otpadnih voda. Klju ne rije i: emisija otpadnih voda, kombinirani pristup, zahvat u prostoru, utjecaj na stanje voda, recipijent

Application of the combined approach principle according to the EU Water Framework Directive in environmental impact

assessment

Vesna Trbojevi 1, Dunja Bariši 1, Elizabeta Kos1

1Ministry of Agriculture, Water Management Directorate, Ulica grada Vukovara 220, Zagreb, Croatia (tvesna@voda.hr) Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present the application of the combined approach principle according to the EU Water Framework Directive transposed into the legal framework of water management. The principle has to be applied already in the process of environmental impact assessment for any project assessed as having effect on the status of bodies of surface water and groundwater, including transitional and coastal waters. In principle, a combined approach means that assessment of impact of a project on the status of water is identified by combining assessment of the impact of the project on the status of water bodies which are under its impact by applying the water quality standards and restriction or control of emissions of wastewater discharged as the result of such project by applying the effluent quality standards. In that process, achievement of the required objectives for the protection of water and the aquatic environment should be taken into account. If the required status of the water body receiving wastewater cannot be achieved by restricting wastewater emissions, it is necessary to set stricter emission limit values or take other measures which have to facilitate achievement of at least good status of the water body receiving discharged wastewater. Keywords: wastewater emission, combined approach, project, impact on the status of water, receiving body

Iskustva u pripremi i provedbi postupaka ocjene utjecaja na okoliš i prirodu velikih višenamjenskih hidrotehni kih sustava

Stjepan Mišeti 1, Zlatko Pletikapi 1, Alan Kerekovi 1

1Elektroprojekt d.d., Gra evinsko-arhitektonski biro, Odjel za zaštitu okoliša i gospodarenje otpadom, Alexandera von Humboldta 4, Zagreb, Hrvatska (stjepan.misetic@elektroprojekt.hr) Sažetak Preostali neizgra eni veliki višenamjenski hidrotehni ki sustavi ulaze u skup najizazovnijih gra evinskih poduhvata na podru ju Republike Hrvatske. Cilj je ukazati na iznimni zna aj postupka procjene njihovog utjecaja na okoliš i prirodu, jer je uspjeh tog postupka klju ni preduvjet za pokretanje priprema za njihovu izgradnju, ali što je još važnije i za donošenje ispravnih odluka o na inu njihovog korištenja. Polaze i od osnovnih odrednica višenamjenskih hidrotehni kih sustava, te od iskustava na pripremi studija utjecaja na okoliš i iskustava u provedbi postupaka procjene utjecaja na okoliš i prirodu za više velikih višenamjenskih hidrotehni kih sustava, kao što su HE Podsused, HE Drenje, Kanal Dunav-Sava, HE Ombla, HE Kosinj i HE Senj II, te VHS Osijek, kriti ki e se razmotriti i komentirati pristupi, problemi u pripremi i provedbi, te dosadašnji rezultati. Zaklju no e se dati prijedlozi za poboljšanje uvjeta i na ina pripreme i provedbe takvih postupaka, a poseban e se naglasak dati na posebnost ove vrste zahvata i potrebu kontinuiranog poboljšavanja pristupa, uz osvrt na veliki broj mogu ih sli nih postupaka. Klju ne rije i: višenamjenski hidrotehni ki zahvati, okoliš, priroda, pristup, postupak

Experience with Preparation and Implementation of the Environmental and Nature Impact Assessment Procedures for

Large Multipurpose Hydropower Systems

Stjepan Mišeti 1, Zlatko Pletikapi 1, Alan Kerekovi 1

1Elektroprojekt Consulting Engineers Zagreb, Alexandera von Humboldta 4, Zagreb, Croatia (stjepan.misetic@elektroprojekt.hr) Abstract Remaining undeveloped multipurpose hydropower systems belong to the most challenging construction projects in Croatia. The paper intends to highlight an outstanding importance of environmental and nature impact assessment of such projects. A successful assessment procedure is a pivotal point in launching the project construction and, still more importantly, in making an appropriate decision on utilization of such facilities. The approaches, problems with preparation and implementation, and results achieved are all scrutinized based on essential characteristics of the multipurpose hydropower systems, and on experience gained both with preparation of the environmental impact studies and conducting of the environmental impact assessment and nature appropriate assessment procedures for several large multipurpose hydropower systems, including Podsused HPP, Drenje HPP, the Danube-Sava Canal, Ombla HPP, Kosinj HPP and Senj 2 HPP, and Osijek Multipurpose Hydropower System. In conclusion, proposals are made for improvement of conditions and methods applied to implementation of such procedures, special characteristics of this type of hydropower project and need for permanent improvement of approaches underscored, and an overview of numerous similar procedures given. Keywords: multipurpose hydropower projects, environment, nature, approach, procedure

Klimatske promjene i procjene utjecaja hidrotehni kih zahvata na okoliš i prirodu

Zlatko Pletikapi 1, Ivan Vu kovi 1

1Elektroprojekt d.d., Gra evinsko-arhitektonski biro, Odjel za zaštitu okoliša i gospodarenje otpadom, Alexandera von Humboldta 4, Zagreb, Hrvatska (zlatko.pletikapic@elektroprojekt.hr) Sažetak Namjera je ukazati na zna aj utjecaja klimatskih promjena na prostor i planirane hidrotehni ke zahvate s aspekta dugotrajnosti korištenja takvih zahvata i dugotrajnosti njihovog utjecaja na okoliš. Prikazati e se najnovije spoznaje o o ekivanom utjecaju klimatskih promjena na podru je Srednje Europe i Mediterana, te e se razmotriti zna aj tog utjecaja na hidrološka stanja najve ih vodotoka u Hrvatskoj. Povezati e se dugoro ni utjecaj mogu ih klimatskih promjena s razdobljem izgradnje i korištenja hidrotehni kih zahvata, te e se ukazati na potrebu uklju ivanja u procjenu utjecaja takvih zahvata na okoliš i prirodu aspekta klimatskih promjena, od razmatranja varijante "ne initi ništa" do razmatranja djelovanja hidrotehni kih zahvata na izmijenjeni

okoliš i promijenjene prirodne vrijednosti. Razmatranja e se zaklju iti s prijedlogom na ina uklju ivanja utjecaja klimatskih promjena u pripremu studija utjecaja hidrotehni kih zahvata na okoliš i prirodu, kao i u postupke procjene utjecaja tih zahvata. Klju ne rije i: klimatske promjene, hidrotehni ki zahvati, dugotrajni utjecaji, okoliš, priroda

Climate Change and Hydropower Project Environmental and Nature Impact Assessment

Zlatko Pletikapi 1, Ivan Vu kovi 1

1Elektroprojekt Consulting Engineers Zagreb, Alexandera von Humboldta 4, Zagreb, Croatia (zlatko.pletikapic@elektroprojekt.hr) Abstract The paper aims at highlighting importance of climate change for the space and hydropower projects under consideration having in mind long operating lifetime of such projects and, consequently, their long-term environmental impact. The recently obtained information on expected impact of climate change on the Central Europe and Mediterranean region, and importance of the impact on the hydrological conditions of the largest Croatian rivers is presented. The long-term impact of possible climate change is correlated with the period of construction and operation of the hydropower projects, and the need is pointed out for such environmental and nature impact assessments to consider the climate change aspects. The considerations encompass options ranging from the “as is" scenario to consideration of the the hydropower project impact on modified environment and changed nature assets. In conclusion, a proposal is made that climate change be included in the environmental and nature impact assessments of hydropower projects, and the impact assessment methods are suggested. Keywords: climate change, hydropower projects, long-term impacts, environment, nature

Metodologija odre ivanja hidromorfoloških promjena uslijed izgradnje akumulacija i uspornih bazena

Iva Vidakovi 1, Ivan Vu kovi 1

1Elektroprojekt d.d., Gra evinsko-arhitektonski biro, Odjel za zaštitu okoliša i gospodarenje otpadom, Alexandera von Humboldta 4, Zagreb, Hrvatska (iva.vidakovic@elektroprojekt.hr) Sažetak Na primjeru VHS Osijek prikazana je metodologija ocjenjivanja zate enog stanja i budu ih promjena na vodnim tijelima rijeke Drave uslijed izgradnje prate ih zahvata s aspekta hidromorfoloških promjena, a sukladno na elima Okvirne direktive o vodama. Ocijenjeno je ukupno 9 odabranih dionica od rkm 0+000 do rkm 98+100. Ocjena je dodijeljena temeljem dostupnih podataka za niz hidromorfoloških elemenata kakvo e, povijesnih podataka i terenskog obilaska. Kao referenta godina prirodnog toka Drave uzeta je 1784. godina budu i da do tada nije bilo ve ih zahvata u koritu Drave. Prikazano je kako postupak procjene odre uje vrstu i razinu utjecaja, te omogu uje odre ivanje vrsti mjera koje se predlažu u okviru postupka procjene utjecaja takvih zahvata na okoliš, odnosno u ovom slu aju, utjecaj na ekološko stanje voda / ekološki potencija na potezu izgradnje. Klju ne rije i: hidromorfolološke promjene, rijeka Drava, VHS Osijek

Methodology for Determining the Hydromorphological Modification as a Result of Reservoir and Impoundment

Basin Construction

Iva Vidakovi 1, Ivan Vu kovi 1

1Elektroprojekt Consulting Engineers Zagreb, Alexandera von Humboldta 4, Zagreb, Croatia (iva.vidakovic@elektroprojekt.hr) Abstract Using the Osijek Multipurpose Hydropower System as an example and in compliance with the principles of the Water Framework Directive, this paper depicts the methodology for assessing the pre-existing hydromorphological conditions of the Drava river water bodies and future modification expected as a result of construction of the associated facilities. A total of 9 reaches were assessed on the Drava river from 0+000 km to 98+100. The final score was derived based on available data for a wide spectrum of hydromorphological features, historical data and a field survey. The year 1784 was used as the reference year as before that there were no significant interventions to the Drava river bed and canal. The depicted assessment procedure allows valuation of the type and level of impact while enabling the defining of measures proposed within the framework of environmental impact assessment for this type of project, or in the case of this project, the impact on the ecological status / ecological potential of the affected reach. Keywords: hydromorphological modification, the Drava river, Osijek MHS

Utjecaj višenamjenskog-hidroenergetskog sustava (VHS) Osijek na budu e stanje voda

Ivan Vu kovi 1, Stjepan Mišeti 1, Miroslav Steinbauer2, Zlatko

Pletikapi 1

1Elektroprojekt d.d., Gra evinsko-arhitektonski biro, Odjel za zaštitu okoliša i gospodarenje otpadom, Alexandera von Humboldta 4, Zagreb, Hrvatska (ivan.vuckovic@elektroprojekt.hr); 2Cerni ka 21, Zagreb, Hrvatska Sažetak Razvoj ljudskog društva povla i sa sobom i sve ve e potrebe za vodom, hranom, energijom, ali i zaštitom okoliša. Pri tome je voda, s obzirom na mogu nost one iš enja jedan od osjetljivijih segmenata okoliša. Veliki zahvati u prirodi nesumnjivo utje u na odre eni na in i na biljni i životinjski svijet, me utim, uzimanjem u obzir svih bitnih parametara ovi se utjecaji mogu svesti na minimum. Op enito se može re i da gradnja i pogon hidroenergetskih objekata, kao i svako drugo djelovanje ovjeka, utje e na prirodu i okoliš. Danas, kada su zahtjevi zaštite prirode i okoliša vrlo strogi i ograni avaju i, svaki objekt se planira i projektira na taj na in da se zadovolje svi propisani uvjeti i ograni enja, a s druge strane, višenamjenski hidroenergetski objekti danas su tipi ni nosioci razvoja ne samo gravitiraju eg podru ja na kojem su gra eni, poti u gospodarski i društveni razvoj šire regije, te u tom smislu daju svoj puni doprinos održivom razvoju. Kada se govori o utjecaju na površinske vode, izgradnjom VHS Osijek o ekuju se odre ene promjene u stanju voda. U radu se daje uvid u trenutno (sadašnje) stanje voda na podru ju zaposjedanja budu eg zahvata VHS Osijek, te usporedba sa pretpostavljenim budu im stanjem, odnosno koje su mogu e promjene u stanju voda gledaju i osnovne fizikalno kemijske pokazatelje koji prate biološke elemente kakvo e voda, kao i mogu e promjene u sastavu i strukturi bioloških elemenata kakvo e voda koji uz hidromorfološke elemente kakvo e opisuju ekološko stanje površinskih voda. Klju ne rije i: stanje površinskih voda, VHS Osijek, promjene stanja voda

Osijek Multipurpose Hydropower System Impact on Future Water Status

Ivan Vu kovi 1, Stjepan Mišeti 1, Miroslav Steinbauer2, Zlatko

Pletikapi 1

1Elektroprojekt Consulting Engineers, Civil and Architectural Engineering Department, Environmental Protection and Waste Management Section, Alexandera von Humboldta 4, Zagreb, Croatia (ivan.vuckovic@elektroprojekt.hr); 2Cerni ka 21, Zagreb, Croatia Abstract Development of human society entails increase in water, food and energy demand and more intensive environmental protection. Considering contamination risks, water is one of particularly sensitive segments of the environment. Large projects situated in natural setting affect both flora and fauna, but such impacts could be reduced to minimum if all relevant parameters were taken into consideration. Generally, construction and operation of hydropower facilities, as any other human activity, affect the nature and environment. Today, when the environmental and nature protection requirements are very strict and highly limiting, facilities are planned and designed so as to meet all requirements and limitations. On the other hand, multipurpose hydropower facilities are presently highlighted as drivers of development, and not only in a populated gravitating areas, but also of economic and social growth in the greater region. They should therefore be considered as contributors to sustainable regional development. Speaking of the surface water (river) impact, construction of the Osijek Multipurpose Hydropower System (MHS) is expected to cause certain changes in the status of water. The paper describes present status of water at the future Osijek MHS site, and compares it with presumed future status. It highlights possible changes in water status considering physicochemical indicators used to monitor water quality biological elements, and possible changes in composition and structure of the biological quality elements of water, as well as possible changes in composition of the biological quality elements that are used, along with the hydrological quality elements, as descriptors of surface water ecological status. Keywords: surface water status, Osijek Multipurpose Hydropower System, water status changes

Kriteriji toplinskog optere enja vodotoka

Niko Malbaša1, Veronika Tomac1 1Ekonerg, Koranska 5, Zagreb, Hrvatska (niko.malbasa@ekonerg.hr, veronika.tomac@ekonerg.hr) Sažetak Jedna od glavnih tema po etnih inicijativa u zaštiti okoliša u 70-tim godinama prošlog stolje a bili su problemi u vezi s toplinskim optere enjem voda (mora) uzrokovani naglim porastom broja velikih (uglavnom nuklearnih) elektrana u SAD-u, a kasnije i u drugim dijelovima svijeta. U skladu s tim razvijala se postupno i regulativa u vezi sa zaštitom od toplinskog optere enja temeljena i na vrlo opsežnim i kompleksnim istraživanjima. S obzirom da je u to doba Hrvatska skupa sa Slovenijom ve pripremala izgradnju Nuklearne elektrane Krško, a u planu je bila i druga zajedni ka elektrana u Hrvatskoj (intenzivno su analizirane lokacije Prevlaka na Savi nizvodno od Zagreba te Vir na istoimenom otoku) i u nas se problematika toplinskog optere enja istraživala ve u tim ranim fazama, a postupno se stvorila i odgovaraju a pozicija u regulativi u vezi s tim. Me utim, kako se nuklearni program nije nastavio, a u posljednjih tridesetak godina pušteno je u rad svega nekoliko manjih termoenergetskih objekata regulativa se na ovom podru ju nije razvijala i danas je ona manjkava i nepotpuna što može izazvati probleme i nesporazume pri licenciranju objekata koji se koriste proto nim sustavom hla enja. U lanku e se dati prikaz glavnih parametara koji se uobi ajeno reguliraju, opisat e se EU praksa i regulativa u vezi s ovim problemom, dati prikaz stanja na doma im termoelektranama te argumentirani prijedlog kriterija prilago en našim specifi nim uvjetima. Prezentirat e se i mogu e osnovne mjere zaštite okoliša u vezi s toplinskim optere enjem.

lanak e pomo i u rješavanju problema zaštite okoliša u studijama o utjecaju na okoliš u kojima se pojavljuje problem toplinskog optere enja vodotoka. Klju ne rije i: proto ni rashladni sustavi, kriteriji toplinskog optere enja, termoelektrane, utjecaj rashladnih sustava na okoliš

Thermal pollution criteria

Niko Malbaša1, Veronika Tomac1 1Ekonerg, Koranska 5, Zagreb, Croatia (niko.malbasa@ekonerg.hr, veronika.tomac@ekonerg.hr) Abstract One of the main subjects of initial environmental protection initiatives in the 70’s were issues related to the river (sea) thermal pollution caused by a sudden increase of large (mostly nuclear) power plants in the USA, later in other parts of the world as well. Accordingly, regulations related to thermal pollution has been developed gradually, based on quite detailed and complex research. During the seventies Croatia had already prepared a construction of Nuclear Power Plant Krško with Slovenia and another common power plant in Croatia was planned (locations of Prevlaka on the Sava river downstream from Zagreb and Vir on the island of Vir were intensely analysed), so thermal pollution issue had already been researched in these early phases and gradually a certain status in regulations has been created as well. However, as nuclear programme was not continued and in the last thirty years only several smaller thermal power plants were started up, regulations in this field were not developed and as such it is insufficient and incomplete, which may cause problems and misunderstandings when licensing the plants using once-through cooling system. This paper will indicate an overview of main parameters usually regulated, it will describe the EU practice and regulations related to this issue, it will indicate a state overview of local thermal power plants and argued proposal of criteria adjusted to our specific conditions. Possible basic environmental protection measures related to the thermal pollution will be presented as well. The article will help in preparing the environmental impact assessment in environmental impact studies where the problem with thermal pollution exists. Keywords: once-through cooling systems, thermal pollution criteria, thermal power plants, cooling system environmental impact

Zaštita i upravljanje tlom u EU i njeni u inci na procjenu utjecaja na okoliš u Hrvatskoj

Ivan Pilaš

Hrvatski šumarski institut, Cvjetno naselje 41, Jastrebarsko, Hrvatska (ivanp@sumins.hr) Sažetak Tlo predstavlja jednu od okolišnih sastavnica ija je zaštita propisana Zakonom o zaštiti okoliša te drugim zakonskim regulativama. Cilj procjene u inaka na okoliš je u utvr ivanju obima, ja ine i trajanja razmatranog u inka na tlo kao i na ostale okolišne sastavnice. Nakon pristupanja Republike Hrvatske u EU, procjena utjecaja na okoliš treba uklju iti sve potrebne mjere zaštite tla i postupke koji su propisani razli itim okolišnim direktivama EU. Jedan od nedostataka zaštite tla u EU je nepostojanje jedinstvene zakonske osnove koja bi sveobuhvatno na jednom mjestu propisala sve potrebne mjere zaštite. Nedavna rasprava vezana uz zaštitu tla u EU imala je svoje polazište u Tematskoj strategiji o zaštiti tla u EU, donesenoj 2006. god. i Prijedlogu za okvirnu direktivu o tlu za koju, do danas, nije postignut zajedni ki dogovor izme u zemalja lanica. Posredno me utim, zaštita tla je uklju ena u više okvirnih direktiva EU kao EU direktiva o otpadu, Okvirnoj direktivi o vodama i Direktivi o okolišnoj odgovornosti. Jedan od najneposrednijih pomaka spram reguliranja zaštite tla predstavlja EU direktiva o industrijskim emisijama (IED) koja zahtjeva isho enje okolišnih dozvola za postrojenja u kojima su propisani zahtjevi za periodi ko pra enje (monitoring) tla i podzemnih voda (svakih 10 odnosno 5 godina). IED zahtjeva izradu izvješ a o nultom stanju one iš enosti tla i podzemnih voda (baseline report) prije neposrednog pokretanja instalacija. Nakon zatvaranja pogona, stanje one iš enosti tla i podzemnih voda se mora ponovno analizirati i u slu aju zna ajnijeg odmaka u odnosu na nulto stanje (zna ajnog one iš enja tla) moraju se provesti neophodne mjere remedijacije. Puna implementacija IED-a zahtijeva i adaptaciju dosadašnjih mjera unutar PUO te izgradnju kompletnog sustava upravljanja one iš enim tlom u Hrvatskoj. Klju ne rije i: One iš enje tla, Direktiva o industrijskim emisijama (IED), procjena utjecaja na okoliš, monitoring tla, remedijacija

Soil protection and management in EU and consequences on environmental impact assessments in Croatia

Ivan Pilaš

Croatian Forest Research Institute - Hrvatski šumarski institut HŠI, Cvjetno naselje 41, Jastrebarsko, Croatia (ivanp@sumins.hr) Abstract Soil is an environmental component whose protection is obligatory by the Croatian Environmental Protection Act and other regulations. The aim of EIA is to assess the spreading, intensity and duration of the respective impact on soils together with other environmental components. One of the drawbacks of soil protection in EU and Croatia, in respect to other components such as air, is the unavailability of integrated legislation in respect to soils. Recent discussions in EU regarding soil protection was formulated in EU thematic strategy on soil protection, published in 2006 and in Proposal for Soil Framework Directive for which, up to the present, no common agreement within parties has been reached. However, soil protection was indirectly included in many other EU directives such as EU Waste Framework directive, EU Water Framework directive and EU Directive on Environmental Liability. One of the most straightforward steps towards regulation of soil protection presents EU Directive on Industrial Emissions (IED) which requires issuing permits for respective industrial installations in which requirements for periodic soil and groundwater monitoring (every 10 and 5 year respectively) are obligatory. IED also prescribes the production of a baseliner report before starting operation of an installation, consisting of available existing information on soil and groundwater measurements. After the site cessation, the state of soil and groundwater contamination must be assessed and compared to the baseliner report and in case of significant pollution, the owner should undertake remediation measures. These new measures within IED shall require adaptation of EIA procedures and the implementation of a new soil management system in Croatia which is presented in this work. Keywords: Soil pollution, Industrial emissions directive (IED), Environmental impact assessment (EIA), soil monitoring, remediation

Utjecaj golf terena na agroekosustav

Martina Lipovš ak1, Aleksandra Ani Vu ini 2, Nenad Mikuli 3

1Ivana Mžurani a 3, Sisak, Hrvatska 2Geotehni ki fakultet Sveu ilišta u Zagrebu, Hallerova aleja 7, Varaždin, Hrvatska 3Eko invest d.o.o., Draškovi eva 50, Zagreb, Hrvatska Sažetak Travnate površine golf igrališta imaju svoju posebnu funkciju.Tratina oko rupe ili green je kratko pokošena trava na relativno ravnoj i glatkoj zemlji oko rupe, kako bi igra i mogli izvoditi precizne udarce. Tratinaoko rupe je obi no okružena nešto višom travom, te neure enom površinom (rough). Viša trava izme u tratine i nekošenog podru ja naziva se fringe i služi za usporavanje i zaustavljanje loptica koje se kre u po tratini oko rupe od approach ili krivo upu enog udarca, te ih spre ava da iza e s green-a. Sve ove travnate površine zahtijevaju posebnu njegu i tretman gnojivima i sredstavima za zaštitu bilja. Tijekom postupka Procjene utjecaja na okoliš golf terena, posebna pažnja javnosti i stru njaka posve uje se utjecaju uporabe gnojiva i sredstava za zaštitu bilja na okoliš i to na tlo te površinske i podzemne vode.Zbog toga je u ovome radu razmatran utjecaj golf terena na okoliš, posebice na agroekosustav, tijekom korištenja i održavanja travnatih površina uporabom gnojiva i sredstava za zaštitu bilja. Radi usporedbe, odgovaraju a istraživanja obavljena su i za uzgoj odabranih poljoprivrednih kultura koje tako er zahtjevaju primjenu gnojiva i sredstva za zaštitu bilja. Dobiveni rezultati doprinose objektivnijoj ocjeni utjecaja golf igrališta na agroekosustav (tako i na podzemne vode) u odnosu na pretpostavljeni uzgoj poljoprivrednih kultura na istoj lokaciji. Klju ne rije i: golf igrališta, aroekosustav, utjecaj, poljoprivredne kulture, okoliš

Impact of Golf Courses on Agroecosystem

Martina Lipovš ak1, Aleksandra Ani Vu ini 2, Nenad Mikuli 3

1Ivana Mažurani a 3, Sisak, Croatia 2University of ZagrebuFaculty of Geotechnics, Hallerova aleja 7, Varaždin, Croatia 3 Eko invest ltd., Draškovi eva 50, Zagreb, Croatia Abstract Golf course surfaces have their special functions. The green, is an area of very closely trimmed grass on relatively even, smooth ground surrounding the hole, allowing players to make precision strokes on it. The green is typically surrounded by slightly higher grass, and then by rough. This longer grass between the green and rough is known as the fringe and is designed to slow and stop balls rolling along the green from an approach shot or errant putt, preventing them from exiting the green.all the grass surfaces require special treatment and use of fertilizers and plant protection agents. During Environmental Impact Assessments of Golf Courses, both the public and the experts are particularly focused on impacts of fertilizers and plant protection products on the environment, namely the soil and surface and groundwater. The paper therefore deals with the impact of golf courses on the environment, and agroecosystems in particular, through extensive usage and maintenance of grass surfaces, use of fertilizers and plant protection products. For comparison purposes, appropriate research was also conducted for production of crops which also require application of fertilizers and crop protection agents. The obtained results contribute to a more objective impact assessment of golf courses on agroecosystem (groundwater in extension), as compared to thepotential crop production at the same location. Keywords: golf courses, agroecosystem, crops, environment

Centar za gospodarenje otpadom Zadarske županije: utjecaji na okoliš i mjere zaštite

Antun Schaller1, Indira Juratek1

APO d.o.o. usluge zaštite okoliša – lan HEP grupe, Savska cesta 41, Zagreb, Hrvatska (antun.schaller@apo.hr) Sažetak „Centar za gospodarenje otpadom Zadarske županije“ planiran je na lokaciji napuštenih kamenoloma „Busišta“ u podru ju Grada Benkovca kod naselja Donje Biljane. Lokacija je udaljena oko 20 km od Benkovca na jugoistoku i Zadra na zapadu. Suglasno važe oj regulativi i planskim dokumentima, Centar e predstavljati jezgru sustava gospodarenja otpadom Zadarske županije. Zbog

primjene koncepta obrade zaprimljenog komunalnog i neopasnog proizvodnog otpada s ciljem iskorištenja sekundarnih sirovina u tvarnom i energetskom smislu, Centar e imati karakter modernog industrijskog pogona. Rad Centra temeljit e se na postrojenju za mehani ko-biološku obradu. S obzirom na postoje a svojstva terena (vodopropusnost karbonatnih stijena), relevantna meteorološko-klimatološka obilježja (vjetar, oborina) i karakter planiranog zahvata, u lanku se detaljnije razmatraju mogu i utjecaji Centra na sastavnice okoliša (tlo, vode, zrak) te specifi ni utjecaji poput buke, vibracija i neugodnih mirisa. Suglasno tome, obrazlažu se i odgovaraju e mjere zaštite okoliša i zdravlja ljudi, i to kako one gra evinsko-strukturnog karaktera (inženjerske barijere, stanje podtlaka, vodena zavjesa i sl.) tako i operativne mjere spre avanja one iš enja okoliša tijekom korištenja zahvata. Odgovaraju a pozornost poklonit e se mjerama zaštite okoliša u slu aju akcidentalnih stanja te mjerama koje e se primjenjivati nakon završetka korištenja zahvata. Klju ne rije i: okoliš, otpad, utjecaji, mjere

Waste Management Centre of the County of Zadar: Environmental Impacts and Environmental Protection

Measures

Antun Schaller1, Indira Juratek1 APO Ltd. Environmental Services – Member of HEP Group, Savska cesta 41, Zagreb, Croatia (antun.schaller@apo.hr) Abstract „Waste Management Centre of the County of Zadar“ is planned on the site of abandoned quarries close to Donje Biljane (Town of Benkovac). The site is some 20 km distant to both Zadar (direction west) and Benkovac (direction south-east). In accordance with actual regulations and plans, the Centre is conceived as the core of the planned waste management system in the County of Zadar. Since the received waste is, due to recycling, supposed to be appropriately treated on the site, the Centre will present a modern industrial facility. The most of municipal and non-hazardous industrial waste received from the entire territory of the County of Zadar will be subdued to mechanical-biological treatment to produce useful secondary raw materials and/or energy. With respect to the site characteristics (high permeability of prevailing limestones and dolomites), essential meteorological-climatic features (wind, precipitation) and the nature of the Centre itself, the article will cover possible environmental impacts of the Centre, including also noise, vibrations and odours. Respective environmental protection and human health preservation measures will be also elaborated. They encompass both constructional (engineering barriers, state of underpressure, water screen etc.) and operative protective actions to be undertaken during the period of the Centre operation. Environmental protection measures in emergency situations and in post-closure period, will also be taken into consideration. Keywords: environment, waste, impacts, measures

Environmental Impact Assessment of Metallurgical Waste: Trepça case study in Kosovo

Mihone Kerolli-Mustafa1, Violeta Lajqi-Makolli2, Letafete Latifi3 1University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Maruli ev trg 19, Zagreb, Croatia (mihone_k@hotmail.com) 2Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning Republic of Kosovo, Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo 3Hydro meteorological Institute of Kosovo, Prishtina , Republic of Kosovo Abstract Kosovo mining operations played very significant role during the past two decades. These activities cover a range of diverse environmental impact in water quality, soil, air, toxins in tailing damps and other components. The issue of environment protection has never been treated and regulated before in systematic manner. Trepça mining possess a serious public health problem due to lack of proper waste management, uncontained tailing damps and lack of facilities for treating metallurgical waste. Discharging from open tailing damps, eroding, contaminated buildings are found to be the main source of contamination of air, soil and water in Mitrovica region were the Trepça mine is located. This study addressed the current situation of metallurgical waste in Trepça. It has found a number of areas were remediation actions need to be taken in order to reduce the health hazard of community leaving there and increase the regional socio-economic stability. The Environmental Impact Assessment was undertaken to assess the human, environmental and socio-economical parameters of the environment surrounding Trepça complex area. Keywords: metallurgical waste, environmental contamination, remediation actions, environmental impact assessment.

Oporaba otpada iz TE Plomin C-500

Nirvana Frankovi Mihelj1, Vladimir Jelavi 2, Juraj Šipuši 3 1Fond za zaštitu okoliša i energetsku u inkovitost, Ksaver 208, Zagreb, Hrvatska (nirvana.fm@fzoeu.hr) 2Ekonerg – Institut za energetiku i zaštitu okoliša, Koranska ulica 5, Zagreb, Hrvatska 3Sveu ilište u Zagrebu, Fakultet kemijskog inženjerstva i tehnologije, Maruli ev trg 19, Zagreb, Hrvatska Sažetak Studija o utjecaju na okoliš zahvata rekonstrukcije TE Plomin – zamjena postoje eg bloka 1 s blokom C u cilju modernizacije i pove anja kapaciteta (SUO TEP C), predvi a da otpad nastao u procesu izgaranja ugljena te pri pro iš avanju dimnih plinova treba što je mogu e više oporabiti u proizvodnji cementa, betona i/ili koristiti za ostale namjene, a samo višak trajno zbrinuti na odlagalištu nusproizvoda u Plominu. U SUO TEP C obra ena je mogu a upotreba nusproizvoda šljake, pepela i gipsa u proizvodnji portland cementa, te provedena analiza postoje ih i budu ih potreba doma e cementne industrije. U ovom radu istražena je dodatna mogu nost materijalne oporabe šljake, pepela i otpadnog gipsa, glavnih nusproizvoda iz TE Plomin, u proizvodnji kalcij sulfoaluminatnog cementa (CSAC), hidratnog veziva koji se može koristiti umjesto portland cementa (PC). Metodom rendgenske difrakcije (XRD) odre en je kvalitativni mineraloški sastav pripravljenog veziva, te je odre ena savojna i tla na vrsto a morta CSAC. Na temelju bilance tvari i energije procesa proizvodnje CSAC i PC ustanovljeno je da proizvodnja 1 t CSAC zahtijeva oko 0,60 t manje sirovina, dok je popratna emisija CO2 iz sirovina i goriva manja za 0,31 do 0,48 t. Na osnovi rezultata istraživanja slijedi da je proizvodnja CSAC iz proizvodnih otpadnih materijala TE Plomin mogu a, a ujedno se na taj na in zbrinjava velika koli ina otpada na održivi na in. Klju ne rije i: kalcij sulfoaluminatni cement, TE Plomin C-500, zbrinjavanje otpada, ložišni pepeo, otpadni gips

Reuse of waste from power plant Plomin C-500

Nirvana Frankovi Mihelj1, Vladimir Jelavi 2, Juraj Šipuši 3

1Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund, Ksaver 208, Zagreb, Croatia (nirvana.fm@fzoeu.hr) 2Ekonerg – Institute for Energy and Environment, Koranska street 5, Zagreb, Croatia 3University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Maruli ev trg 19, Zagreb, Croatia Abstract The waste generated in the combustion process of coal and gypsum formed by purification of flue gases are considered/foreseen to have great environmental impact during the work of Power Plant Plomin C. It is thus advised, based on the documented Study, to reuse as much is possible of these materials, possibly in the production of cement, concrete and/or used for other purposes. Croatian cement plants produce Portland cement (PC), which consumes huge amount of raw materials and fossil fuels, contributing significantly to the overall anthropogenic CO2 emission. Calcium sulfoaluminate cement (CSAC) is a relatively new type of binder that can be used instead of PC and its production significantly reduces energy consumption (low-energy) and CO2 emissions. In this paper, the potential benefits offered by CSAC production from the bottom ash and gypsum generated in the process of wet flue-gas desulfurisation of thermal plant Plomin are outlined. Qualitative mineral composition of CSAC had been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and mass fraction of Klein’s compound (the principal hydraulic mineral) had been determined by quantitative XRD. Rate of heat generation during hydration of CSAC prepared had been determined by microcalorimetry. Volume stability, compressive and flexural strength of standard size specimens had been determined. In conclusion, CSAC production offers an alternative and feasible way of industrial waste minimization. Keywords: calcium sulfoaluminate cement, Power Plant Plomin C-500, waste minimization, bottom ash, waste gypsum

Zbrinjavanje muljeva s ure aja za pro iš avanje otpadnih voda

Koni argonja-Reicher1, Luka Goja1, Alan Kerekovi 1

1Elektroprojekt d.d., Alexandera von Humboldta 4, Zagreb, Hrvatska (koni.cargonja-reicher@elektroprojekt.hr) Sažetak U Republici Hrvatskoj bi sukladno planu provedbe vodno-komunalnih direktiva do 2023. godine trebalo izgraditi oko 290 novih ure aja za pro iš avanje. Jedan od koraka na putu realizacije navedenih objekata je postupak procjene utjecaja na okoliš, kao regulatorna mjera propisivanja mjera zaštite okoliša. U do sada provedenim postupcima procjene utjecaja na okoliš ure aja za pro iš avanje otpadnih voda, uo ena je problematika oko utvr ivanja mjera vezanih uz zbrinjavanje muljeva s ure aja, a koja je posljedica sustavnog zanemarivanja problema otpadnih muljeva koji nastaju u radu ovih ure aja. Namjera je ukazati na manjkavost postoje e zakonske regulative te programa i planova kojima se regulira podru je zaštite voda, zaštite okoliša i gospodarenja otpadom, kao i ukazati na uzroke zate enog pristupa. Zaklju no predlaže se postupni prijelaz ka reguliranim uvjetima kako za budu e tako i za postoje e ure aje. Klju ne rije i: zbrinjavanje muljeva, regulativa, regulirani uvjeti

Management of Sludge from Waste Water Treatment Plants

Koni argonja-Reicher1, Luka Goja1, Alan Kerekovi 1 1Elektroprojekt Consulting Engineers Zagreb, Alexandera von Humboldta 4, Zagreb, Croatia (koni.cargonja-reicher@elektroprojekt.hr) Abstract According to the Implementation plan for water utility directives, 290 new waste water treatment plants should be constructed by 2023 in the Republic of Croatia. One of the steps towards realization of these projects is the environmental impact assessment procedure as a regulatory measure for appointing environmental protection measures. In the environmental impact assessments implemented up till now for waste water treatment projects, the problem of appointing measures related to sludge management arises, and which is a result of systematic neglection of the problem of sludge created in the operation of the plants. The intention is to point out the deficiency of the legislation and well as plans and programs through which the area of water protection, environmental protection and waste management are regulated as well as indicate the reasons behind pre-existing approach. In conclusion, recommended is a gradual transition towards regulated conditions for the planned as well as existing treatment plans. Keywords: sludge management, legislation, regulated conditions

Estimation of Impacts Waste Gases May Have on Air and Possibilities of Their Treatment During the Mechanical Waste

Water Treatment Process

Marijana Bakula1, Gordan Golja1, Vjeran Magjarevi 1 1Dvokut ECRO Ltd., Trnjanska 37, Zagreb, Croatia (marijana.bakula@dvokut-ecro.hr, gordan.golja@dvokut-ecro.hr, vjeran.magjarevic@dvokut-ecro.hr) Abstract In Croatia, as part of harmonizing with the EU regulations, a great number of communal waste water treatment plants have to be constructed in coming years. Pursuant to the Regulation on Environmental Impact Assessment (OG 064/08 and 67/09), screening is mandatory for facilities with capacities larger than 10.000 PE and Environmental Impact Assessment for facilities with capacities exceeding 50.000 PE. The problem of determining the quantity of produced waste gases and defining measures for prevention of their adverse impact on the environment is always present in the environmental impact assessment process. A problem with unpleasant odour on aerobic waste water treatment plants occurs primarily in the mechanical treatment of waste water and in sludge processing and treatment. This paper deals with the generation and treatment of waste gases in mechanical waste water treatment and analyses advantages and disadvantages of the currently most common methods of waste gases treatment. This paper, inter alia, presents a methodology for calculating the quantity of hydrogen sulphide as the most significant cause of unpleasant odours, the mechanism of their creation and also presents the most frequently applied practical techniques for the reduction of waste gases. Keywords: treatment of waste gases, waste water treatment system, mechanical wastewater treatment

Krajobrazna osnova i smjernice za procjenu utjecaja zahvata na krajobrazne i vizualne zna ajke – podloge za u inkovitu

procjenu

Mirjana Mar eni 1, Marta Brki 1, Ivan Juratek1 1Dvokut ECRO d.o.o., Trnjanska 37, Zagreb, Hrvatska (mirjana.mestric@dvokut-ecro.hr, marta.brkic@dvokut-ecro.hr, ivan.juratek@dvokut-ecro.hr) Sažetak Procjena utjecaja na krajobrazne i vizualne zna ajke sastoji se od kombinacije objektivno interpretiranih podataka i subjektivnih prosudbi zbog ega je potreban strukturiran i cjelovit metodološki pristup. Raš lamba šireg i užeg podru ja krajobraza na sastavne elemente i definiranje vizualnih i strukturnih zna ajki omogu uju podlogu za odre ivanje specifi nih zna ajki krajobraza i elemenata krajobrazne strukture. Za potrebe u inkovite procjene utjecaja zahvata na krajobrazne i vizualne zna ajke i njihove zaštite potrebno je izraditi sustavnu krajobraznu osnovu na razini države koja definira obilježja krajobraza, njegove vrijednosti i osjetljivost što u razvojnim procesima omogu uje uskla ivanje razvojnih i zaštitnih interesa. Definiranjem me uodnosa elemenata krajobraza i odnosa s planiranim zahvatom omogu uje se izrada analiza utjecaja zahvata na vizualne elemente krajobraza, osjetljivosti krajobraznih uzoraka na planirane promjene, vizualne izloženosti zahvata i poželjnosti vizura. U razvojnim projektima zaštita krajobraza bitan je dio procjene utjecaja na okoliš te bi s toga gledišta bilo bitno izraditi smjernice za procjenu utjecaja na krajobraz i vizualne zna ajke koje bi pridonijele konzistentnosti, kredibiliteti i u inkovitosti zaštite krajobraza. Klju ne rije i: krajobrazna osnova, procjena utjecaja, smjernice, zaštita krajobraza, vizualni utjecaj

Landscape basis and guidelines for landscape and visual assessment – ground for effective assessment

Mirjana Mar eni 1, Marta Brki 1, Ivan Juratek1

1Dvokut ECRO Ltd., Trnjanska 37, Zagreb, Croatia (mirjana.mestric@dvokut-ecro.hr, marta.brkic@dvokut-ecro.hr, ivan.juratek@dvokut-ecro.hr) Abstract Landscape and visual impact assessment includes a combination of objective and subjective judgments and therefore structured and consistent approach in methodology is necessary. Analysis of landscape into its elements and defining visual and structural features, create a basis for determination of specific landscape features and elements of landscape structure. For the purpose of effective landscape and visual impact assessment and their protection it is necessary to develop a systematic landscape basis on the state level which would define the landscape characteristics, its values and sensitivity which would in development process enable harmonization of development and protection interests. Definition of the interrelationships between landscape elements and relations with the planned intervention, enables analysis of impacts on visual elements of landscape, sensitivity of landscape patterns on the planned changes, visual exposure of interventions and desirability of views. In development projects, the protection of the landscape is an important part of environmental impact assessment and from that point of view it would be important to prepare guidelines for landscape and visual impact assessment that would contribute to consistency, credibility and effectiveness of landscape protection. Keywords: landscape basis, impact assessment, guidlines, landscape protection, visual impact

Studije vizualnih promjena u krajobrazu planiranom izgradnjom

Sonja Jurkovi

Arhitektonski fakultet, Sveu ilišta u Zagrebu, Ka eva 26, Zagreb, Hrvatska (sjurko@arhitekt.hr) Sažetak U okviru Procjena utjecaja na okoliš, jedna od vrlo važnih, a esto zanemarenih uloga, je Studija vizualnih promjena koje su posljedica intervencija u prostoru. I onda kada se takve studije izra uju, njihov utjecaj na procjenu opravdanosti nekih intervencija u prostoru su minimalne. Zanemarivanje tog segmenta istraživanja je posljedica ne shva anja koliko bi se takvim studijama moglo poboljšati o uvanje kvalitete uklapanja u prostor. Uvažavanje argumenata zaštite vrijednih vizura doprinosilo bi uvanju identiteta nekog prostora. Takve su studije neophodne naro ito ako se radi o zanimljivim krajolicima koji su resurs turisti ke ponude. Cilj rada je da se pokaže kako se zbog zanemarivanja vizualnih promjena gubi doživljajna vrijednost prostora. Istražuje se razne metode koje se koriste u studijama, te pokazuje kako se koriste razni postupci da se opravda izgradnja. Efikasnost procijenjenih šteta na promijenjenu sliku krajobraza ne može se mjeriti s agresivnijim ekonomskim argumentima koji obi no prevladavaju u donošenju odluka. Ne pori i injenicu da je izgradnja nove prometne ili društvene infrastrukture neophodna, Studije vizualnih utjecaja na planirane promjene takvom izgradnjom pokazuju, kako bi se umanjile štete vizualnih promjena, kako bi se one mogle sprije iti ili znatno ublažiti. Pri tom profesionalna etika stavlja izra iva e studija u ulogu da u svojim postupcima opravdavaju investitore ni njihov interes, ve objektivizira štete u promijeni postoje eg vizualnog identiteta prostora. Klju ne rije i: vizualne analize, utjecaj na krajobraz

Assessment of the Visual Impact of Changes Resulting from Planned Construction

Sonja Jurkovi

Arhitektonski fakultet University of Zagreb, Ka eva 26, Zagreb, Croatia (sjurko@arhitekt.hr) Abstract The role of the assessment of the visual impact of changes which are the consequence of interventions in space is very important, though often neglected. As a consequence, when such studies are developed, their influence on the estimation of the justifiability of some interventions in space is minimal. Neglecting them is the lack of understanding of the level to which the application of such studies could improve the preservation of the quality of incorporation into space. The appreciation of arguments regarding the protection of valuable sights would contribute to the maintenance of a space’s identity. Such studies are essential, especially in case of interesting landscapes which constitute resources for tourism offerings. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate how neglecting visual changes can lead to losses in the experiential value of space. The paper investigates various methods used in such studies and shows the use of various procedures in order to justify construction. The arguments regarding the impact of estimated damage resulting from changes in the landscape cannot measure up to the more aggressive economic arguments which are usually dominant in decision-making. Without denying the fact that the new constructions are indispensable, the assessment of visual impact on planned changes, which would be the consequence of such constructions, shows how the damage from visual changes could be mitigated, prevented, or significantly decreased. In doing so, professional ethics does not allow the authors of such assessments to justify investors’ interests in the course of such processes; it rather objectivises the damage caused by changes to the existing visual identity of a space. Keywords: Visual analysis, Impact on Landscape

Važnost vrednovanja ranjivosti kvaliteta krajobraza u procjeni utjecaja na okoliš – primjer vjetroelektrana

Vesna Koš ak Mio - Stoši 1, Dora Tomi 1, Petra Perekovi 1,

Sonja Butula1

1Sveu ilište u Zagrebu, Agronomski fakultet, Svetošimunska 25, Zagreb, Hrvatska (vkoscak@agr.hr) Sažetak U postoje im postupcima prostornog planiranja i zaštite okoliša nisu jasno odre eni instrumenti i metode uskla ivanja razvojnih i zaštitno-okolišnih aspekata prilikom lociranja zahvata. U postupku procjene utjecaja na okoliš uglavnom se ocjenjuju utjecaji tehni ko-tehnoloških a ne prostornih rješenja zahvata. Studija o utjecaju na okoliš ocjenjuje prihvatljivost zahvata na odre enoj lokaciji, predloženog uglavnom jednim idejnim rješenjem. U daljnjoj razradi projektne dokumentacije ono je podložno promjenama bez mogu nosti provjere prihvatljivosti istih s aspekta zaštite okoliša. Zato Idejno rješenje treba predložiti više varijanti koje e razmatrati prostorne mogu nosti lociranja pojedinih sastavnica zahvata. Vrednovanjem ranjivosti kvaliteta krajobraza obzirom na potencijalni utjecaj zahvata, ukazuje se na više ili manje ranjiva podru ja, te se otvara mogu nost predlaganja više prostornih varijanti zahvata unutar lokacije. Studija o utjecaju na okoliš tada bi, nakon provjere prihvatljivosti varijantnih rješenja, imala mogu nost odabrati najprihvatljiviju izme u varijanti koje su ve uzele u obzir razvojne i zaštitne zahtjeve. Ukoliko Idejnim rješenjem nisu predložene prostorne varijante zahvata, Studijom ne može biti razmatran i ocijenjen njihov utjecaj. Studija bi tada trebala odrediti mjeru kojom se obvezuje primjena instrumenta, vrednovanja ranjivosti kvaliteta krajobraza tijekom izrade idejnog projekta. Postupak e biti prikazan na primjeru vjetroelektrana. Klju ne rije i: idejno rješenje, vrednovanje krajobraza, idejni projekt, vjetroelektrana

The Importance of Landscape Vulnerability Evaluation within Environmental Impact Assessment – The example of

wind farms

Vesna Koš ak Mio - Stoši 1, Dora Tomi 1, Petra Perekovi 1, Sonja Butula1

1University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska 25, Zagreb, Croatia (vkoscak@agr.hr) Abstract The instruments and the methods of harmonizing development and conservation aspects within site selection process are not clearly defined in the existing environmental protection and spatial planning procedures. Environmental impact assessment usually evaluates impacts of technological solutions rather than spatial ones. Environmental Impact Study (EIS) assesses the acceptability of specific intervention proposed on a specific site, usually by single Preliminary design. In further development of project documentation it is subject to change without possibility for evaluating environmental protection aspects of those changes. Hence, the Preliminary design has to propose several alternatives which would consider spatial aspects of intervention’s elements within the site selection process. Evaluating the vulnerability of landscape qualities, in relation to potential influence of intervention, points to more or less vulnerable areas within the site. Moreover, it opens up the possibility of proposing several spatial alternatives of the intervention within the site. After verifying the acceptability of alternative spatial solutions, an EIS would have an opportunity to select the most acceptable alternative between ones which have already taken into account development and conservation requirements. If development alternatives were not proposed by Preliminary design, their impacts cannot be evaluated nor taken into consideration within an EIS. An EIS should then determine measure requiring instrument of landscape qualities evaluation, to be prepared within Preliminary project. This procedure will be presented on the example of wind farm. Keywords: preliminary design, landscape evaluation, wind farm, preliminary project

Metoda procjene kumulativnog vizualnog utjecaja vjetroelektrana na krajobraz

Tena Birov1, Sun ana Rapi 1,2

1 Oikon d.o.o. Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska (tbirov@oikon.hr) 2 Geonatura d.o.o. za stru ne poslove zaštite prirode, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska Sažetak Svrha procjene kumulativnog vizualnog utjecaja je procijeniti, vizualno predo iti i opisati mogu e utjecaje predložene vjetroelektrane (VE) koji bi mogli nastati kad se taj zahvat promatra zajedno s drugim, izgra enim ili planiranim VE. U dosadašnjoj praksi u Hrvatskoj, analize kumulativnog vizualnog utjecaja na krajobraz su izra ivane samo na lokalnoj razini, odnosno u sklopu nekoliko postupaka procjene utjecaja na okoliš (PUO). Pritom su izgra ene VE obuhva ene kao element promatranog krajobraza, dok su planirane VE obra ene samo u slu ajevima kada je više lokacija za VE promatrano unutar jednog postupka PUO ili je više lokacija jednog investitora razdvojeno na više uzastopnih postupaka PUO. U radu je predstavljena metoda procjene kumulativnog vizualnog utjecaja nekoliko planiranih VE. Metoda je obuhvatila izradu teorijske vidljivosti svake planirane VE u okviru rasterskog geoinformacijskog sustava (na bazi digitalnog modela terena), preklapanje prostornih razdioba teorijske vidljivosti za pojedina ne VE i tabli no predo avanje potencijalne vidljivosti više VE iz okolnih naselja. Metoda se može koristiti i za procjenu kumulativnog vizualnog utjecaja postoje ih i planiranih VE, što zbog rastu eg broja izgra enih vjetroelektrana predstavlja potencijal za njezinu upotrebu u Studijama utjecaja na okoliš (SUO), ali i u krajobraznim analizama strateških procjena utjecaja vjetroelektrana na okoliš. Klju ne rije i: vjetroelektrana, kumulativni vizualni utjecaj, teorijska vidljivost, raster-GIS, DEM

The method of cumulative visual impact assessment of wind farms on landscape

Tena Birov1, Sun ana Rapi 1,2

1Oikon Ltd., Institute of Applied Ecology, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia (tbirov@oikon.hr) 2Geonatura Ltd., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia Abstract The purpose of cumulative visual impact assessment is to evaluate, visually present and describe the potential impacts of the proposed wind farm (WF) that could arise when the intervention is observed along with other, built or planned WF. So far in Croatia, cumulative visual impact assessments on the landscape have been made only at a local level, i.e. as a part of a few procedures of environmental impact assessment (EIA). In these procedures, built WF were included as an element of the observed landscape, while the planned WF were covered only in cases where multiple locations for WF were considered within one EIA procedure or multiple locations proposed by one investor were allocated to several consecutive EIA procedures. This paper presents the method for estimating the cumulative visual impact of several planned WF. This method included development of theoretical visibility of each planned WF within the raster geo-information system (based on a digital terrain model), overlapping spatial distribution of theoretical visibility for individual WF, and tabular presentation of the potential visibility of more wind turbines from surrounding settlements. Moreover, the method can be used for cumulative visual impact assessment of the existing and planned WF which has, due to the growing number of built WF, potential use in environmental impact studies, but also in landscape analysis for strategic environmental impact assessment of WF. Keywords: wind farm, cumulative visual impact, theoretical visibility, raster-GIS, DTM

Towards rational and bird-friendly EIA guidelines for wind energy projects: critical review of existent practices

Krešimir Mikuli

Association BIOM, Biankinijeva 12b, Zagreb, Croatia (kresimir.mikulic@biom.hr) Abstract Misplaced wind farms pose a major threat to birds which may be negatively affected by wind turbines due to fatal collisions. According to the OIEKPP Register, in addition to 9 existent wind farms, there are plans to construct more than 80 wind farms along the Croatian coast. However, this area is the major breeding area of several endangered raptor species that show high probabilities of collisions with wind turbines. Hence, proper spatial planning and sound guidance documents for environmental impact assessments (EIA) are needed in order to minimize negative effects of wind farms on the environment and biodiversity. I compared two relevant Croatian guidance documents (1) Smjernice za izradu studija utjecaja na okoliš za zahvate vjetroelektrana and (2) Valorizacija biološke raznolikosti podru ja Dalmacije i okvirna procjena prihvatljivosti za izgradnju vjetroelektrana with the EU Guidance document on wind energy development in accordance with the EU nature legislation issued by the European Commission. Moreover, I analysed two “case-EIAs” that did approve the construction of wind farms within designated Special Protection Areas (SPA) and that have been endorsed by the competent Ministry. On the one hand the Croatian guidance documents recommend comprehensive field surveys, but on the other hand they fail to prioritize research efforts for bird species according to their collision risk. In addition, they short come to define flyover observations of birds as compulsory. The analysis of the two case EIAs revealed that neither the Croatian nor the European Guidelines have been applied properly resulting in that both EIAs failed to substantially assess potential impacts on sensitive bird species. The results clearly emphasize the need for legally binding national guidance documents that are in compliance with EU standards. Keywords: wind farm, EIA, guidance documents, Croatia, SPA

Prema razumnim i zaštiti ptica primjerenim smjernicama za izradu SUO za zahvate vjetroelektrana: kriti ki osvrt na

postoje u praksu

Krešimir Mikuli

Udruga BIOM, Biankinijeva 12b, Zagreb, Hrvatska (kresimir.mikulic@biom.hr) Sažetak Krivo postavljene vjetroelektrane predstavljaju ozbiljan razlog ugroženosti za ptice zbog mogu ih smrtonosnih kolizija. Prema Registru OIEKPP postoje planovi za izgradnju daljnjih 80ak vjetroelektrana duž obale uz 9 ve postoje ih. Me utim, obalno podru je je glavno podru je gnijež enja ugroženih vrsta grabljivica koje imaju najve i rizik stradavanja na vjetroagregatima. Tako da su pomno prostorno planiranje te primjerene smjernice za izradu studija utjecaja na okoliš (SUO) neophodne kako bi se smanjio negativan utjecaj vjetroelektrana na okoliš i bioraznolikost. Usporedio sam dva nacionalna dokumenta (1) Smjernice za izradu studija utjecaja na okoliš za zahvate vjetroelektrana i (2) Valorizacija biološke raznolikosti podru ja Dalmacije i okvirna procjena prihvatljivosti za izgradnju vjetroelektrana sa smjernicama izdanim od Europske Komisije: EU Guidance document on wind energy development in accordance with the EU nature legislation. Dodatno sam analizirao dva slu aja u kojima su SUO odobrile zahvat izgradnje vjetroelektrane na Podru jima posebne zaštite (SPA). Za obje studije je nadležno ministarstvo izdalo povoljno Rješenje. Obje hrvatske smjernice preporu uju opsežna terenska istraživanja, ali nedostaje prioritizacija istraživa kog napora u odnosu na vrste ptica i njihovog potencijala stradavanja. Dodatno, izostavlja se odrednica obvezatnog pra enja preleta tijekom izrade SUO. Analiza dviju SUO pokazuje da tijekom izrade nisu uvažene niti hrvatske niti europske smjernice, što je rezultiralo time da u suštini utjecaj na ptice nije adekvatno procijenjen. Rezultati jasno isti u potrebu za zakonski obvezuju im smjernicama koje su usuglašene sa standardima EU. Klju ne rije i: vjetroelektrana, SUO, smjernice, Hrvatska, SPA

Bilanca ugljika za vjetroelektranu u šumi: primjer za VE Fužine, Hrvatska

Alen Berta1,2, Vladimir Kušan2, Roman Danko3, Dalibor Hati 1,2,

Oleg Antoni 2,4

1Pro Silva d.o.o., za gospodarenje šumama, Trg Senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb (aberta@oikon.hr) 2Oikon d.o.o., Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju, Trg Senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb (vkusan@oikon.hr, oantonic@oikon.hr) 3CO2cut d.o.o., Opatovina 23, Zagreb 4Sveu ilište J. J. Strossmayera u Osijeku, Odjel za biologiju, Cara Hadrijana bb, Osijek, Hrvatska Sažetak Vjetroelektrane, kao obnovljivi energetski izvori, mogu se sagledavati kao ponori ugljika, ukoliko se predvi ena proizvodnja energije dovede u relaciju s emisijom CO2 elektrane na fosilna goriva pri proizvodnji iste koli ine energije. S druge strane, u šumskom se ekosustavu CO2 iz atmosfere kroz procese fotosinteze trajnije veže u drvnoj masi. Stoga se u slu aju izgradnje VE u šumi može postaviti pitanje (što se i doga a na javnim raspravama u postupku PUO za VE) kakav je odnos (bilanca ugljika) koristi od VE i šteta od gubitka šumskog ekosustava, kao i od emisije CO2 tijekom uklanjanja drvne mase te izgradnje prometnica. U radu se predstavlja primjer za VE Fužine koja je planirana u podru ju preborne bukovo-jelove šume s visokom prosje nom drvnom zalihom (252 m3/ha na podru ju trajnog zaposjedanja), pri emu se za potrebe izgradnje planira sje a cca 17 ha te šume s oko 4.300 m3 drvne mase. Osim toga, planira se izgradnja 4,2 km novih te proširenje 12,6 km postoje ih šumskih prometnica. Analizom je izra unato da promatrana šuma godišnje veže 2,60 tC/ha (tj. 9,53 t CO2/ha). Gubitak površine šume i posljedi ni izostanak vezanja CO2, uz ukupno 6.374 t emitiranog CO2 jednokratno tijekom radova i kasnijom razgradnjom mrtve organske tvari predstavlja zna ajno manji gubitak u odnosu na doprinos u smanjenju emisije CO2 radom VE, koji se kre e od 28.077 t do 69.144 t CO2 godišnje (u slu aju supstitucije proizvodnje iz svih izvora HEP-a ili samo iz termoelektrana). Klju ne rije i: ponori ugljika, prirast drve a, sje a šume, emisija CO2, radovi na izgradnji VE

Carbon balance for forest based wind powerplant: WP Fužine, Croatia

Alen Berta1,2, Vladimir Kušan2, Roman Danko3, Dalibor Hati 1,2,

Oleg Antoni 2,4

1Pro Silva ltd, for forest management, Trg Senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia (aberta@oikon.hr) 2Oikon ltd, Institut for applied ecology, Trg Senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia (vkusan@oikon.hr, oantonic@oikon.hr) 3CO2cut ltd, Opatovina 23, Zagreb, Croatia 4J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of biology, Cara Hadrijana bb, Osijek, Croatia Abstract Wind powerplants, as renewable energy sources, can be observed as carbon sinks if anticipated energy production is put in relation with CO2 emission of fossil-fuel power plant for producing same amount of energy. On the other hand, forest ecosystem trough photosynthesis is binding atmospheric CO2 in wood mass. Thus, question relating carbon balance i.e. ratio of benefit from WP and damages from forest ecosystem loss, as well as CO2 emission during wood mass removal and building roads, can be made (and is made during public insights during EIA creation for WP). In this paper, example for WP Fužine is presented which is planned in area covered by beech/silver fir forest of uneven age with high average growing stock (252 m3/ha at permanent occupation area) where clear-cutting of about 17 ha with around 4300 m3 of wood mass would be done. Also, 4.2 km of new road would be built, and 12.6 km of existing roads would be widened. The result of this analysis is sequestration of 2.60 tC/ha i.e. 9.53 tCO2/ha annually by observed forest. The loss of forest area and consequential inability of CO2 sequestration with total of 6,374 t of CO2 emitted, immediately during stated operations and later by decaying of organic matter is significantly smaller loss compared with the benefit for reduction of CO2 emission for 28,077 i.e. 69,144 tons of CO2 annually (in case of substitution of production from all HEP sources i.e. just from thermal powerplant). Keywords: carbon sink, tree yield, wood cutting, CO2 emission, wind powerplant building

Procjena utjecaja na okoliš za sun ane elektrane

Ivana Rogulj HEP ESCO d.o.o., Ulica grada Vukovara 37, Zagreb, Hrvatska (ivana.rogulj@hep.hr) Sažetak Za obnovljive izvore energije snage manje od 10 MW nije potrebna procjena utjecaja na okoliš, dok je za obnovljive izvore ve e snage potrebna ocjena o potrebi procjene utjecaja na okoliš. Budu i da su u Republici Hrvatskoj dosadašnji solarni izvori elektri ne energije manji od navedene snage, ne postoji studija utjecaja na okoliš za niti jednu sun anu elektranu. Istraživanje prikazuje, bez prethodnih primjera u Hrvatskoj, studiju utjecaja na okoliš sun ane elektrane, koja može poslužiti i kao primjer za budu e izvedene fotonaponske elektrane. Opis zahvata provodi se na temelju inženjerske prakse s implementacijom sun anih elektrana. Opis okoliša proizvodi se pomo u digitalne orto-foto snimke te dostupnih studija i podataka o lokaciji. Uz pomo RET Screen alata prora unava se proizvodnja elektri ne energije sustava pomo u dostupnih koordinata, a time i insolacije. Odre uje se potrebne zahvate na elektroenergetskoj mreži, za koje se tako er odre uje utjecaj na okoliš. Definiraju se utjecaji na okoliš, mjere zaštite okoliša te utjecaji na ekološku mrežu i program pra enja stanja okoliša. Klju ne rije i: studija utjecaja na okoliš, solarna elektrana, obnovljiva energija

Environmental impact assesment of solar power plants

Ivana Rogulj HEP ESCO d.o.o., Ulica grada Vukovara 37, Zagreb, Croatia (ivana.rogulj@hep.hr) Abstract There is no need for environmental impact assessment for solar power plants with less than 10 MW of installed power, for renewable energy plants with installed power over 10 MW there is an obligation of evaluation of the need for environmental impact assessment. All solar power plants installed in Croatia are smaller than 10MW, so there are no environmental impact assessments for solar power plants in Croatia. The research shows environmental impact study for exemplary solar power plant. It'll work as a prototype for future power plants' assessments. The description of the action is carried out based on engineering practice in solar plants implementation. The description of the environment is produced using digital ortoimages, studies and available data on location. Calculation of insolation and production of electrical energy is implemented with RETScreen tool. The necessary works on energy distribution network are described, so that the impact of the works on the network can also be a part of the study. Impacts on the environment, environmental protection measures, ecological network impacts and environmental monitoring program are defined. Keywords: environmental impact study, solar power plant, renewable energy

SEKCIJA 2 / SECTION 2

PROCJENA UTJECAJA NA OKOLIŠ / ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

POSTER PREZENTACIJE / POSTER PRESENTATIONS

Makrofiti kao bioindikatori kakvo e teku ica u procjeni stanja okoliša

Marina Magajne1, Ana ani 1,2, Aleksandar Popija 1,2, Zrinka

Mesi 1,2, Tena Birov2, Oleg Antoni 1,2,3 1Geonatura d.o.o. za stru ne poslove zaštite prirode, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska (mmagajne@geonatura.hr) 2Oikon d.o.o. Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska 3Sveu ilište J. J. Strossmayera u Osijeku, Cara Hadrijana bb, Osijek, Hrvatska Sažetak Makrofiti esto predstavljaju bitnu sastavnicu slatkovodnih staništa. Stoga promjene u sastavu i abudanciji svojti koje ine makrofitske zajednice mogu pružiti važan uvid u aktualno stanje slatkovodnih staništa. Nedavno je izra ena nacionalna metodologija procjene ekološkog statusa voda, uskla ena sa smjernicama europske Okvirne direktive o vodama. U sklopu nacionalne metodologije predložene su dvije metode za procjenu biološke kakvo e teku ica pomo u makrofita kao bioindikatora: 1) biocenološka metoda i 2) metoda izra una referentnog indeksa. Procjena aktualnog stanja okoliša upotrebom navedenih metoda može biti vrijedan izvor informacija za procjenu mogu ih utjecaja planiranih zahvata na okolna staništa slatkovodnih teku ica, ali i za predlaganje mjera ublažavanja i programa pra enja stanja (monitoringa). Nadalje, te metode mogu poslužiti u ranim fazama planiranja zahvata i rezultirati specifi nim prilagodbama u svrhu ublažavanja utjecaja zahvata na prirodu i okoliš. Rad prikazuje mogu u prakti nu primjenu procjene biološke kakvo e teku ica pomo u makrofita na primjerima studije ekološke revitalizacije i studije ekološki prihvatljivog protoka. Klju ne rije i: slatkovodna staništa, biocenološka metoda, referentni indeks, biomonitoring

Macrophyte as bioindicators of running waters quality in environmental assessment

Marina Magajne1, Ana ani 1,2, Aleksandar Popija 1,2, Zrinka

Mesi 1,2, Tena Birov2, Oleg Antoni 1,2,3 1Geonatura Ltd., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia (mmagajne@geonatura.hr) 2Oikon Ltd., Institute of Applied Ecology, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia 3University of J. J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Cara Hadrijana bb, Osijek, Croatia Abstract Macrophytes often present important component of freshwater habitats. Therefore, changes in composition and abundance of taxa forming macrophyte communities may provide valuable insight into current state of freshwater habitats. National methodology for assessment of ecological status in waters has recently been developed, compliant with the requirements of European Water Framework Directive. National methodology proposes two methods for assessment of biological quality of running waters based on macrophytes as bioindicators: 1) biocenological method and 2) reference index calculation method. Assessment of current state of the environment using those methods may be valuable source of information for evaluation of likely impacts of planned construction projects on surrounding lotic freshwater habitats as well as proposition of mitigation measures and monitoring plan. Moreover, those methods may be used within early phases of construction project planning, resulting in specific adjustments in order to mitigate project impacts on nature and environment. This work presents possible practical use of assessing biological quality of running waters based on macrophytes on the examples of study of ecological revitalization and study of environmental flow assessment. Keywords: freshwater habitats, biocenological method, reference index, biomonitoring

Problem prihvatljivih razina pokazatelja stanja okoliša u procjeni utjecaja na okoliš

Tomi Haramina1, Fanica Kljakovi Gašpi 1,2

1Oikon d.o.o. – Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska (tharamina@oikon.hr ) 2Geonatura d.o.o. za stru ne poslove zaštite prirode, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska Sažetak Prilikom procjene utjecaja zahvata na okoliš (PUO), ovisno o vrsti zahvata razmatra se stanje odre enih pokazatelja stanja okoliša i procjenjuje utjecaj zahvata na te pokazatelje. Za bitne pokazatelje utjecaja zahvata na okoliš prihvatljive razine mogu biti a) propisane (zakonski i podzakonski akti), b) preporu ene (npr. smjernice, iskustva iz prakse) ili c) ni propisane niti preporu ene. U zadnjem slu aju intenzitet utjecaja procjenjuje se metodom stru ne procjene, koja se, budu i da nema smjernica, može osnivati na analizama širokog raspona složenosti. Korištenje ove metode stoga nije poželjno, jer a) može znatno utjecati na raspon cijena izrade studije (koja je komercijalna djelatnost) i b) nije uvijek razumljiva nestru noj javnosti. Sli an problem povezan je i s propisivanjem monitoringa, budu i da bi reakcija na rezultate monitoringa morala biti povezana s vrijednostima mjerenih parametara (pove anje za odre eni iznos, prekora enje neke grani ne vrijednosti i sl.). Dva primjera ovakvih pokazatelja koji se javljaju u PUO za morske luke prikazana su u radu: koncentracija ekotoksi nih metala u sedimentu i vrijeme zadržavanja mora u luci. Objašnjen je razlog zbog kojeg ne postoje preporu ene/propisane grani ne vrijednosti za ove pokazatelje. Kao rješenje predlaže se da se kroz smjernice za izradu SUO za odre ene vrste zahvata (u ovom slu aju morske luke) odrede minimalni zahtjevi za analizu i na in obrade za ovakvu vrstu pokazatelja. Klju ne rije i: morske luke, grani na vrijednost, pokazatelji, smjernice

Problem of acceptable levels of environmental indicators in environmental impact assessment

Tomi Haramina1, Fanica Kljakovi Gašpi 1,2

1Oikon Ltd. – Institute of applied ecology, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia (tharamina@oikon.hr ) 2Geonatura Ltd., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia Abstract During an environmental impact assessment (EIA) depending on project type the states of relevant environmental indicators are determined and impacts of the project on these indicators are assessed. For selected environmental indicators their acceptable (limit) levels can be: a) regulated (by legislation), b) recommended (e.g. guidelines, experience from practice) or c) none of the above. In the letter case intensity of an impact is appraised using the method of expert assessment, which, if there are no guidelines, can be based on wide range of analyses which can significantly differ in complexity from each other. Thus, this method is not preferred because: a) there is significant impact on price range for development of an environmental impact study (which is commercial activity) and b) it is not always understandable to non-expert public. Similar problem appears also at monitoring plan development because reaction to the results of a monitoring should be related to the values of measured parameters (e.g. increase for some defined amount, exceeding some threshold values, etc.). Two examples of such parameters important for EIA for marine ports are presented in the paper: 1) concentration of ecotoxic metals in sediment and 2) water resident time in port. The reason why the guidelines/regulations for these parameters do not exist is explained. In order to standardize and improve the quality of EIA it is proposed to develop the guidelines for certain types of projects (in this case for marine ports) in which minimum requirements for the level of analysis and data processing for such indicators would be defined. Keywords: marine ports, limit value, indicators, guidelines

Procjena utjecaja emisija iz postrojenja na kvalitetu zraka u okviru utvr ivanja objedinjenih uvjeta zaštite okoliša

Božica Šorgi 1, Goran Gašparac2, Sanja Grguri 1,2

1Oikon d.o.o. – Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska (bsorgic@oikon.hr) 2Gekom – Geofizikalno i ekološko modeliranje d.o.o., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska Sažetak Sastavni dio Zahtjeva za isho enje objedinjenih uvjeta zaštite okoliša za postoje a postrojenja prema Uredbi o postupku utvr ivanja objedinjenih uvjeta zaštite okoliša (NN 114/08) je i karakterizacija okoliša okolnog podru ja. U sklopu karakterizacije okoliša, na primjeru postoje eg postrojenja, provedena je procjena utjecaja na okoliš, s naglaskom na utjecaj emisija u zrak. Metodologija procjene se temeljila na H1 horizontalnim smjernicama Britanske agencije za zaštitu okoliša (H1 Environmental Risks Assessment). Najprije su utvr eni svi nepokretni izvori emisije one iš uju ih tvari u zrak na lokaciji. Na osnovi podataka o emisijama (visina izvora, lokacija, brzina otpadnog plina, protok otpadnog plina, masena koncentracija one iš uju ih tvari, godišnje koncentracije one iš uju e tvari) pomo u alata H1 software tool utvr ene su bezna ajne, odnosno zna ajne emisije u zrak. Za utvr ene zna ajne emisije provedena je procjena emisije one iš uju ih tvari SO2, NOx te praškaste tvari pomo u modela ISCST3 (Industrial Source Complex Short Term), uz korištenje grafi ke nadogradnje – softverskog paketa AERMOD View. Izra uni su pokazali da je utjecaj postrojenja na kvalitetu zraka u okolici ograni en na podru je do nekoliko stotina metara udaljenosti od lokacije te da je u najgorem slu aju (worst case scenario) uz korištenje mazuta kao goriva u ure ajima za loženje i pri malim brzinama vjetra mogu a povremena pove ana koncentracija SO2 koja može prelaziti grani ne vrijednosti. Klju ne rije i: H1 Environmental Risks Assessment, kvaliteta zraka, modeliranje emisije one iš uju ih tvari u zrak

Ambient air quality impact analysis of emissions from the installation as a part of the environmental permit procedure

Božica Šorgi 1, Goran Gašparac2, Sanja Grguri 1,2

1Oikon Ltd. – Institute for applied ecology, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia (bsorgic@oikon.hr) 2 Gekom Ltd. – Geophysical and ecological modelling, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia Abstract The request for obtaining the environmental permit for existing installations according to the Regulation on the procedure for establishing integrated environmental requirements (OG No. 114/08) includes the environmental state report. As a part of this report, environmental risks assessment was implemented for a case study. The horizontal guidance H1 Environmental Risks Assessment of The Environmental Agency of UK was used. The first step was an identification of all point sources of emission into the air at location. Based on the available data (height, location and gas efflux velocity of releases, total flow, mass concentration of released substances, annual mass emission of released substances), using H1 software tool, insignificant and significant emissions into the air have been identified. For significant emissions of SO2, NOx and particulate matter into the air detailed dispersion modelling were performed using ISCST3 (Industrial Source Complex Short Term) model with additional graphic software tool AERMOD View. It was found that estimated impact of emissions was limited up to few hundred meters from facility. For “worst case” scenario, using heavy oil as a fuel and at the low wind speed, a concentration of SO2 higher then ELV was projected. Keywords: H1 Environmental Risks Assessment, air quality, modelling of pollutant emission into the air

Kontrola ambijentalnih parametara u fabrici sanitetskog materijala u Velikoj Kladuši i njihovi mogu i utjecaji na

okoliš

Fatima Muhamedagi 1, Mirsad Veladži 1, Muhamed Muhamedagi 2, Samira Dedi 1

1Biotehni ki fakultet Univerziteta u Biha u, Ul. Luke Marjanovi a bb, Biha , BiH (fatima.muhamedagic@gmail.com) 2Krupa Kabine d.o.o., Bosanka Krupa, Bosna i Hercegovina Sažetak U radu su prikazani rezultati mjerenja parametara unutar i oko privrednog objekta „Saniteks“ Velika Kladuša. Korišteni su mobilni mjera i i to: fonometar, luksometar i klima mjera . Poseban akcent dat je buci kao potencijalnom izvoru emisija i utjecaju na okoliš. Ciljevi rada bazirali su se na dva segmenta. Prvi dio obuhvatao je mjerenje ambijentalnih parametara buke, svijetlosti i tempearture unutar objekta. Drugi dio se odnosio na kontrolna mjerenja nivoa buke van objekta. Rezultati rada su pokazali da nema štetnog utjecaja emisija buke po okoliš. Klju ne rije i: ambijentalni parametri, mobilni mjera i, buka, utjecaj na okoliš

Control of ambient parameters in factory medical supplies in Velika Kladusa and their possible impacts on the environment

Fatima Muhamedagi 1, Mirsad Veladži 1, Muhamed

Muhamedagi 2, Samira Dedi 1 1Biotechnical Faculty of the University of Bihac, St. Luka Marjanovic, Bihac, Bosnia and Herzegovina (fatima.muhamedagic@gmail.com) 2Krupa Kabine d.o.o., Bosanka Krupa, Bosnia and Herzegovina Abstract This paper presents the results of measurements of the parameters inside and around commercial facilities "Saniteks" Velika Kladusa. Used mobile gauges as follows: Sound Level Meter, Lux and Climate meter. Special emphasis is given to noise as a potential source of emissions and environmental impact. The objectives of the work were based on two segments. The first part included the measurement of ambient parameters, noise, light and tempearture inside the facility. The second part is related to the control measurements of noise levels outside the facility. The results showed that no harmful interference noise emissions to the environment. Keywords: environmental parameters, mobile devices, noise, environmental impact

Procjena utjecaja buke na okoliš od aktivnosti luke nauti kog turizma

Melita Buri 1, Tanja Tudor1

1Gekom – Geofizikalno i ekološko modeliranje d.o.o., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska (mburic@gekom.hr, ttudor@gekom.hr) Sažetak Nakon izgradnje luke nauti kog turizma, mogu e je pove anje dnevne razine buke u užoj okolini kao posljedica samog rada luke. Kako bi se procijenio utjecaj budu e luke nauti kog turizma na emitiranje dodatne buke u okoliš, kao posljedice aktivnosti unutar luke, napravljena je akusti ka procjena utjecaja na okoliš i model buke budu eg stanja za jednu od marina na hrvatskom dijelu Jadrana. Ciljevi procjene jesu identifikacija potencijalnih utjecaja novonastalih razina buke od operativnih poslova unutar luke na najbliže objekte stambene namjene u neposrednoj okolini luke. Metodologija prilago ena za procjenu uklju uje identifikaciju stambenih naselja osjetljivih na buku, mjerenja postoje ih razina buke u okolišu, identifikaciju novih zvu nih izvora koji e biti prisutni tijekom rada luke nauti kog turizma, modeliranje i predvi anje razina buke koje e nastati isklju ivo zbog novih izvora unutar luke, te preporuku vezanu uz mjere zaštite okoliša u slu aju prekora enja dozvoljenih razina buke propisanih Zakonom. Metodom ra unalnog modeliranja može se dati dobra prognoza razina buke od specificiranog budu eg izvora buke, te se provesti analiza budu eg stanja razina buke u okolišu. Rezultati modeliranja biti e predstavljeni u obliku karte buke izra ene pomo u programskog paketa SoundPlan 7.1, koji temelji svoj prora un na jednadžbama za izra un emisije i širenja zvu nih valova. Prora uni su napravljeni u skladu s europskim standardima i normama, koji su prihva eni i propisani zakonima, te pravilnicima vezanima uz buku u Republici Hrvatskoj. Klju ne rije i: luka, razine buke, budu e stanje, ra unalno modeliranje, karta buke

Environmental noise impact assessment due to activities of marinas

Melita Buri 1, Tanja Tudor1

1Gekom – Geophysical and ecological modelling Ltd., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia (mburic@gekom.hr, ttudor@gekom.hr) Abstract After the construction of marinas, there is a possibility of increased daily noise levels in the local environment as a result of marina’s operations. In order to assess the impact of future marina operations on noise levels in the environment, it is necessary to perform an acoustic impact assessment and noise modelling of the future state. An example is shown for one of the planned marinas in the Croatian side of the Adriatic. The objectives of the assessment were to identify potential impacts of noise from operations within port facilities on the nearest residential dwellings in the vicinity of the port. Methodology adopted for the assessment involves identification of noise sensitive residential dwellings, measurement of existing ambient noise levels, identification of main noise sources associated to the operations within nautical tourism port, modelling and prediction of noise levels that will be emitted exclusively from new sources of sound and recommendations related to environmental protection measures in case of exceeding allowed noise levels prescribed by law. Computational modelling can provide valid noise imission levels, predicted based on future emission of newly planned noise source and analysis of future noise levels in the environment. Modelling results will be presented in the form of noise maps that are made by using software package SoundPlan 7.1, which bases its computing on equations for source emissions calculation and spreading of sound waves. Calculations were made in accordance with European standards and norms, which are accepted and prescribed by laws and regulations related to noise in the Republic of Croatia. Keywords: port, noise level, future state, computational modelling, noise map

Terenski i numeri ki istražni radovi nužni za uspješnu provedbu procjene utjecaja morskih luka na okoliš – prilog za

smjernice

Tomi Haramina1, Sanja Grguri 1,2, Fanica Kljakovi Gašpi 1,3, Sun ana Rapi 1,3 , Melita Buri 2

1Oikon d.o.o. – Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska (tharamina@oikon.hr) 2Gekom – Geofizikalno i ekološko modeliranje d.o.o., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska 3Geonatura d.o.o. za stru ne poslove zaštite prirode, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska Sažetak Tijekom više godina provo enja postupaka procjene utjecaja morskih luka na okoliš (PUO) u praksi je do odre ene mjere postignut konsenzus oko provedbe nužnih istražnih radova u svrhu postizanja zadovoljavaju e kvalitete PUO. Ipak, budu i da još ne postoje smjernice za izradu studija o utjecaju morskih luka na okoliš (SUO), kvaliteta izrade SUO znatno varira ovisno o izra iva u. U radu se daje pregled nužnih istražnih radova za potrebe SUO morskih luka, njihova svrha i potrebna razina detaljnosti. Potrebna istraživanja obuhva aju: mjerenje morskih struja i razine mora s prikladnom obradom podataka dobivenih mjerenjem, biološko-ronila ki pregled podru ja zahvata (s naglaskom na staništa morskog bentosa), uzorkovanje sedimenta, rekonstrukcija strujnog polja numeri kim modelom i simulacije izmjene vode u luci prije i poslije zahvata i analiza krajobraznih obilježja. Ovaj rad može se smatrati doprinosom u izradi smjernica SUO morskih luka u dijelu terenskih i numeri kih istraživanja sa svrhom ujedna avanja razine obrade u SUO morskih luka i ujedna avanja troškova njene izrade. Klju ne rije i: morske luke, smjernice SUO, terenska istraživanja, numeri ko modeliranje

Field and numerical research necessary for successful environmental impact assessment of marine ports –

contribution to guidelines

Tomi Haramina1, Sanja Grguri 1,2, Fanica Kljakovi Gašpi 1,3, Sun ana Rapi 1,3, Melita Buri 2

1Oikon Ltd. – Institute of applied ecology, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia (tharamina@oikon.hr) 2 Gekom - geophysical and ecological modeling Ltd., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia 3Geonatura Ltd., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia Abstract During several past years of implementation of environmental impact assessment (EIA) for marine ports to some extent it is achieved a consensus about research works necessary to be carried out for an acceptable quality of EIA. However, as there are still no guidelines developed for environmental impact studies (EIS) for marine ports, the quality of EIS significantly varies depending on developer. In this paper an overview of necessary research works for EIS for marine ports, purpose of these works and level of details are presented. The research works encompass: sea currents and sea level measurements with appropriate data analysis, underwater habitat survey (with emphasis on benthic habitats), sediment sampling, reconstruction of the velocity field using numerical methods, water exchange modeling with comparison of results in case of initial state and after the project realization, and landscape analysis. This paper can be considered as a contribution to development of guidelines for EIS for marine ports in the area of field and numerical research with the purpose to standardize the level of research needed for EIS for marine ports and equalize the cost for their development. Keywords: marine ports, guidelines EIS, field works, numerical modeling

Analiza krajobraza pomo u GIS-a za potrebe procjene utjecaja zahvata na okoliš

Mirjana Mar eni 1, Katarina Buleši 1, Ivan Juratek1

1Dvokut ECRO d.o.o., Trnjanska 37, Zagreb, Hrvatska (mirjana.mestric@dvokut-ecro.hr, katarina.bulesic@dvokut-ecro.hr, ivan.juratek@dvokut-ecro.hr) Sažetak Tehnologija geografskog informacijskog sustava (GIS) u analizi krajobraza pomaže u donošenju objektivnijih odluka o utjecaju zahvata na krajobrazne i vizualne zna ajke kroz korištenje horizontalne i vertikalne analize. Horizontalna analiza omogu uje povezivanje elemenata unutar jednog sloja podataka, a vertikalna integrirano povezivanje elemenata izme u više slojeva podataka. Cilj analize krajobraza pomo u GIS-a je stvaranje novih informacija manipulacijom i integracijom postoje ih slojeva podataka s razli itim stupnjem kompleksnosti. To se odnosi na dodjeljivanje razli itih ocjena za razli ite kriterije odabira. Krajobrazna podru ja ili krajobrazni uzorci se, po svojoj atraktivnosti ili osjetljivosti na promjene, kombiniraju me usobno i sa planiranim zahvatom. Takav na in se naziva multikriterijska metoda procjene utjecaja uz donošenje odluka na transparentan i objektivan na in. Pomo u GIS tehnologije odre uju se i reprezentativne razgledne to ke te se izra uje vizualizacija. U svrhu odre ivanja važnih vizura i podru ja s kojih zahvat može biti vidljiv koristi se digitalni model reljefa (DMR) na temelju topografskih, ortofoto i tematskih karata korištenja zemljišta. Pomo u DMR-a kreira se karta nagiba terena te izloženost površine reljefa suncu. Donošenje odluka je popra eno ocjenjivanjem odnosa krajobraza i planiranog zahvata kroz prikaz postoje eg stanja, oblikovanje sustava vrijednosti te kroz vrijednosnu prosudbu koju sustav vrijednosti primjenjuje na konkretan slu aj. Klju ne rije i: GIS, analiza, krajobraz, vizualizacija

Landscape analysis using GIS methodology for the environmental impact assessment

Mirjana Mar eni 1, Katarina Buleši 1, Ivan Juratek1

1Dvokut ECRO Ltd., Trnjanska 37, Zagreb, Croatia (mirjana.mestric@dvokut-ecro.hr, katarina.bulesic@dvokut-ecro.hr, ivan.juratek@dvokut-ecro.hr) Abstract Geographic information system technology (GIS) in landscape analysis helps to make more objective decisions about landscape and visual impact assessment (LVIA) through using horizontal and vertical analysis. Horizontal analysis enables connection between elements within one data layer. Vertical analysis enables integrated connection of elements between more data layers. The aim of LVIA using GIS is creation of new information with manipulation and integration existing data layers with different degree of complexity. This refers to assigning different weights to different selection criteria. Landscape area or landscape patterns combined with each other and with the planned intervention, by its attractiveness or sensitivity to change. That kind of analysis is referred to as multicriteria evaluation method by decision- making in a transparent and objective manner. A possibility to analyze relevant observation points for detailed visualizations are GIS based view shed analysis. Digital Elevation Models (DEM) in combination with actual landform based on topography maps, orthophotos or thematic land use maps can be analyzed to select important vistas and areas from which a specific project might be visible. Decision-making is followed by evaluating the relationship of the landscape and planned intervention through the present state, the formation of the value system and the value judgment that the value system is applied to a specific case. Keywords: GIS, analysis, landscape, visualization

Postupak PUO kao važan instrument zaštite krajobraza: primjer uklapanja vodnih gra evina u okolni prostor

Sun ana Rapi 1,2, Višnja Šteko1, Tena Kušan1, Željko kovi 1

1Oikon d.o.o. Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska (srapic@oikon.hr) 2Geonatura d.o.o. za stru ne poslove zaštite prirode, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska Sažetak Trenutno u Republici Hrvatskoj ne postoji jedinstveni sustav zaštite, upravljanja i planiranja krajobraza, ve se navedene aktivnosti provode kroz odvojeno djelovanje nekoliko nadležnih resora. Uz normativne mjere kojima se pojedina podru ja vrijedne prirodne ili kulturne baštine proglašuju zašti enima i mjere zaštite krajobraza propisane dokumentima prostornog ure enja, zaštita krajobraza se provodi i kroz mjere zaštite okoliša utvr ene u postupku procjene utjecaja zahvata na okoliš (PUO). Propisane mjere zaštite okoliša investitor je obavezan implementirati ve u fazi pripreme, prije po etka izgradnje zahvata, odnosno u fazi izrade glavnog projekta. Ova faza, izme u ostalog, podrazumijeva izradu projekta krajobraznog ure enja u koji se ugra uju sve mjere zaštite okoliša zna ajne za krajobraz. U radu je dan pregled postupka izrade projekata krajobraznog ure enja na primjeru vodnih gra evina. Krajobrazno ure enje ovih zahvata u kona nici e rezultirati sanacijom podru ja zahva enih gra evinskim radovima i uklapanjem zahvata u okolni prostor, predstavljaju i tako pozitivan primjer efikasnosti postupka PUO kao instrumenta zaštite krajobraza. Klju ne rije i: mjere zaštite okoliša, glavni projekt, krajobrazno ure enje, hidrotehni ki zahvati

EIA as an important instrument for landscape protection: examples of fitting of hydrotechnical structures into

surrounding landscape

Sun ana Rapi 1,2, Višnja Šteko1, Tena Kušan1, Željko kovi 1 1Oikon Ltd., Institute of Applied Ecology, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia (srapic@oikon.hr) 2Geonatura Ltd., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia Abstract Unified system of landscape protection, management and planning is not yet established in the Republic of Croatia. However, these activities are being carried out through separate actions of several responsible departments. Nowadays, specific areas of valuable natural and cultural heritage are being protected through normative measures, whereas relevant physical planning documents prescribe landscape protection measures. Besides these, landscape protection is also carried out through environmental protection measures defined in the process of environmental impact assessment (EIA). Investor is obliged to implement prescribed environmental protection measures even prior to construction phase, at preparatory stage, during the main design development. This phase, among others, includes development of landscape design that incorporates all environmental protection measures which are of significance for the landscape. Paper presents an overview of the landscape design process on the example of hydrotechnical structures. Ultimately, landscape design results in rehabilitation of areas affected by construction works, as well as fitting of hydrotechnical structures into surrounding landscape, thus representing a positive example of EIA as an efficient instrument for landscape protection. Keywords: environmental protection measures, main design, landscaping, hydrotechnical structures

Važnost biospeleološke komponente u monitoringu faune šišmiša prije izgradnje vjetroelektrane

Dina Kova 1, Mirna Mazija1, Goran Rnjak1, Vida Zrn 1

1Geonatura d.o.o. za stru ne poslove zaštite prirode, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska (dkovac@geonatura.hr) Sažetak Posljednjih godina u Hrvatskoj se doga a intenzivan razvoj vjetroenergetike, koji uz poželjno pove anje udjela obnovljivih izvora u energetskoj proizvodnji donosi i potencijalne rizike od utjecaja na okoliš i prirodu. Me u njima se posebno isti u utjecaji na ugroženu faunu (šišmiše i ptice) zbog ega je danas u Hrvatskoj pri izradi SUO za vjetroelektrane obavezan jednogodišnji monitoring nultog stanja. U dijelu monitoringa koji se odnosi na faunu šišmiša, nezaobilaznu komponentu predstavljaju biospeleološka istraživanja, s obzirom na to da su špiljske vrste esto vjerne prebivalištima i formiraju kolonije i do nekoliko tisu a jedinki, a ve ina se nalazi i na Dodatku II Direktive o staništima. Na podru ju Hrvatske je do sada zabilježeno oko 9000 speleoloških objekata, a postoji još barem toliko neotkrivenih. Potencijalno zna ajna prebivališta utvr uju se na temelju morfoloških i mikroklimatskih zna ajki, tragova, prisutnosti i brojnosti šišmiša, nakon ega se istražuje sastav i brojnost vrsta, razdoblje i na in korištenja tijekom godine. Dobiveni rezultati omogu uju kartiranje stupnja korištenja prostora (SKP) od strane faune šišmiša i detektiranje vrsta koje se rijetko bilježe drugim metodama, iz ega u kona nici proizlazi projektiranje mjera zaštite (npr. izmjena trase pristupnih cesta i/ili lokacija vjetroagregata, reguliranje brzine vjetra pri kojoj se po inju okretati elise pojedinih vjetroagregata), te planiranje monitoringa nakon po etka rada vjetroelektrane. Klju ne rije i: šišmiši, vjetroelektrane, monitoring, podzemna skloništa, stupanj korištenja prostora

The importance of biospeleological component in bat fauna monitoring during pre-construction of wind farms

Dina Kova 1, Mirna Mazija1, Goran Rnjak1, Vida Zrn 1

1Geonatura Ltd., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia (dkovac@geonatura.hr) Abstract In recent years in Croatia, there has been an increase in wind energy development that along with desirable increase of renewable source shares in energy production, also presents potential impact risks for the environment and nature. One of the most significant are potential impacts on endangered fauna (bats and birds), which is why initial one-year monitoring is presently mandatory within EIS for wind farms. In the monitoring segment regarding bat fauna, biospeleological research is an inevitable component due to high roost fidelity of cave-dwelling species which form large colonies comprised of up to several thousand individuals, and most of which are included in Annex II of the Habitats directive as well. To date, round 9000 caves have been discovered in Croatia and at least as many have yet to be discovered. Potentially significant roost sites are determined based on morphological and microclimatic characteristics, traces, abundance and presence of recorded bats, after which the species composition and abundance is investigated, along with the time frame and way of use during the year. Obtained results enable mapping of degree of space use (DSU) and detection of species that are rarely recorded through other survey methods. This ultimately results with detailed mitigation measures design (e.g. relocation of access roads and / or wind turbines, regulation of the rotor start-up speed in relation to wind speed) as well as bat fauna post-construction monitoring plan. Keywords: bats, wind farms, monitoring, underground roosts, degree of space use

Zaštita ugroženih biljnih svojti na lokaciji izgradnje vjetroelektrane: primjer za VE Jelinak, Hrvatska

Ana ani 1,2, Marina Magajne1, Luka Škunca2, Edin Lugi 1,Oleg

Antoni 1,2,3 1Geonatura d.o.o., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska 2Oikon d.o.o. Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska (adanic@oikon.hr) 3Sveu ilište J. J. Strossmayera u Osijeku, Odjel za biologiju, Cara Hadrijana bb, Osijek, Hrvatska Sažetak Istraživanjem provedenim tijekom izrade studije o utjecaju na okoliš na širem prostoru izgradnje vjetroelektrane Jelinak utvr ena je velika raznolikost flore i vegetacije. S ciljem ublažavanja utjecaja izgradnje vjetroelektrane Jelinak u tijeku postupka procjene utjecaja na okoliš propisane su mjere zaštite ugroženih i zašti enih biljnih svojti, s naglaskom na nježnu kockavicu (Fritillaria messanensis ssp. gracilis (Ebel) Rix) i finobodljasti ka un (Orchis provincialis Balb.). Provedba mjera zaštite ovih biljnih svojti zahtijevala je utvr ivanje i delineaciju staništa nježne kockavice i finobodljastog ka una pregledom terena na podru ju vjetroagregata oko kojih je prethodno utvr ena ve a gusto a njihovih populacija, ozna avanje (ogra ivanje) staništa te savjetovanje izvo a gra evinskih radova tijekom izvedbe radova radi zaštite ozna enih površina. Potrebni terenski radovi provedeni su od strane botani ara u ranoj fazi izgradnje vjetroelektrane, uzevši u obzir fenološke karakteristike ovih biljnih svojti. Površine predvi ene za zaštitu odre ene su i privremeno ogra ene na temelju procjene brojnosti jedinki i veli ine pojedine površine. Analiza prostornih podataka i odre ivanje površina za ozna avanje izvedene su u okviru geografskog informacijskog sustava. Po završetku radova na izgradnji vjetroelektrane privremene su ograde uklonjene iz okoliša. Klju ne rije i: zašti ene biljne svojte, procjena utjecaja na okoliš, mjere tijekom izgradnje vjetroelektrane

Protection of endangered plant species at location of wind farm construction: example of WF Jelinak, Croatia

Ana ani 1,2, Marina Magajne1, Luka Škunca2, Edin Lugi 1,Oleg

Antoni 1,2,3 1Geonatura Ltd., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska 2Oikon Ltd. Institute of Applied Ecology,, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2,Zagreb, Croatia (adanic@oikon.hr) 3University of J. J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana bb, Osijek, Croatia Abstract During the research carried out as part of the environmental impact assessment for wind farm Jelinak, it's wider construction area has been identified as having high flora and habitats diversity. During environmental impact assessment process, mitigation measures have been appointed in order to mitigate the impacts of wind farm construction on endangered and protected flora, with the emphasis on Fritillaria messanensis ssp. gracilis (Ebel) Rix and Orchis provincialis Balb. Implementation of these mitigation measures included: field identification and delineation of above mentioned species habitat patches around wind turbine construction sites (for which higher abundance of these species has initially been determined), marking (fencing) of patches in field and consulting construction contractor during works with purpose of protecting marked areas. Field work was carried out by botanists during early phase of wind farm construction, taking into account phenological characteristics of these species. Habitat patches aimed for protection have been chosen and temporarily fenced according to estimation of species abundance and size of patch area. Spatial data analysis and identification of habitat patches for protection were done within the frame of geographic information system. Temporary fences used to mark habitat patches have been removed from the environment after construction works. Keywords: protected plant species, environmental impact assessment, mitigation measures during wind farm construction

Proizvodnja bioplina, biodiezela i etanola iz alternativnih izvora energije te njihov utjecaj na okoliš

Martina Linari 1, Tomislav Linari 1, Dajana Ku 2

1Bioplin Brinje d.o.o., Frankopanska ulica 13, Brinje, Hrvatska; (martina.linaric@ri.t-com.hr); 2Fakultet kemijskog inženjerstva i tehnologije 19, Zagreb, Hrvatska Sažetak Cijene nafte i naftnih derivata danas su dostigle nivo kada se po inje razmišljati o alternativnim izvorima energije u koje spada i biootpad, poput kravlje balege, sijena, kukuruzovine te kao takav predstavlja visokovrijednu sirovinu za dobivanje alternativnih oblika energije poput bioplina, biodizela te etanola. Postrojenje je projektirano tako da zadovolji sve max. ekološke zahtjeve, sve zahtjeve protupožarne zaštite, sve zahtjeve protuekplozijske zaštite. Uzajamnom sinergijom proizvodnje bioplina, biodisela te etanola stvara se zatvoreni proces u pogledu iskorištavanja sirovina i zbrinjavanja otpada, smanjuju se koli ine otpada, nema emisije štetnih plinova, a dobivamo produkte koji su potrebni na tržištu. Ulazne sirovine za proizvodnju bioplina jesu kravlja balega, sijeno, kukuruz iz kojeg se proizvodi etanol, te repi ino i frito ulje iz kojih se proizvodi biodizel. Nusproizvodi postrojenja jesu tehni ki glicerin, kukuruzna silaža te otpadna voda koji se dalje iskorištavaju za dobivanje bioplina. Osim toga, glicerin se može plasirati na tržište, kukuruzna silaža se može obraditi i prodavati kao sto na hrana a dobiveni otpadni mulj iz anaerobnog reaktora koristiti kao mineralno gnojivo jer su ovakvom proizvodnjom zadovoljeni svi toksikološki propisi za plasman sirovine na tržište. Najvažnije od svega je da se biološki otpad iskorištava za dobivanje energije umjesto da se neadekvatno odlože u okolišu, što je do sada nerijetko bila praksa. Kapacitet proizvodnje bioplinskog postrojenja je 2.2 MWh ukupne energije gdje se anaerobnom reakcijom dobiva 0,8 - 1 MWh elektri ne energije te 1,2 – 0,8 MWh (3600 MJ – 2880 MJ ) toplinske energije. Klju ne rije i: alternativni izvori energije, bioplin, biodizel, etanol.

Production of biogas, biodiesel and ethanol from alternative sources of energy and their impact on the environment

Martina Linari 1, Tomislav Linari 1, Dajana Ku 2

1Bioplin Brinje d.o.o., Frankopanska street 13, Brinje, Croatia; (martina.linaric@ri.t-com.hr); 2Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Maruli square 19, Zagreb, Croatia Abstract Prices of crude oil and petroleum products have reached a level at which we have to start thinking about alternative sources of energy, which can be organic and biological waste, like cow dung, hay, straw, corn and as such represents a high grade raw material to obtain alternative forms of energy such as biogas, biodiesel and ethanol. With mutual synergy of biogas, biodiesel and ethanol production occurs a closed circuit, regard to waste disposal and exploitation of raw materials. The plant is designed to meet all environmental requirements, all requirements of fire protection, and all the requirements of explosion protection. With such a production of bio fuels the amount of waste and emission of harmful gases are reduced and all by-products are exploited within the plant. Input charges for biogas production are cow manure and hay, corn, for the production of ethanol, rapeseed oil and waste cooking oils for production of biodiesel. Obtained plant by-products like technical glycerine, corn silage and waste waters, are used further for biogas production. Moreover, glycerol can be placed on the market, corn silage can be processed and sold as animal feed, sewage sludge from the anaerobic reactor can be used as fertilizer. Most important of all is to exploit biological waste for energy btaining instead of being inadequately disposed in the environment, which is frequently done so far. A biogas plant is designed for a capacity to produce 2.2 MWh of total energy. In anaerobic bioreactor is produced 8600 Nm3/day of biogas, from which is obtained 0,8 - 1 MWh of electricity energy and 1,2 – 0,8 MWh (3600 MJ – 2880 MJ ) of thermal energy. Keywords: Alternative sources of energy, Biogas, Biodiesel, Ethanol.

SEKCIJA 3 / SECTION 3

NATURA 2000 - PROCJENA UTJECAJA NA EKOLOŠKU MREŽU /

NATURA 2000 – ECOLOGICAL NETWORK IMPACT ASSESSMENT

„NATURA 2000“ u Hrvatskoj – što je realno o ekivati?

Ivan Martini 1, Maja Kerovec2 1Sveu ilište u Zagrebu, Šumarski fakultet, Svetošimunska 25, Zagreb, Hrvatska

2Wyg – savjetovanje d.o.o., Ulica grada Vukovara 269g, Zagreb, Hrvatska Sažetak U lanku se raspravlja o modelu provedbe obveza i mjera o uvanja vezano za Natura 2000 ekološku mrežu u Hrvatskoj. Analiziraju se hrvatski zakonodavni i institucionalni okvir te razina spremnosti najodgovornijih tijela javne uprave i gospodarskih sektora za provedbu. Naglašeno se analiziraju obvezuju e mjere

uvanja i realne mogu nosti njihove provedbe u poljoprivredi, šumarstvu i vodnoga gospodarstva. Pritom se se kao klju na otvorena pitanja prepoznaju ona vezana za jasne pokazatelje u inka provedbe i troškove provedbe. Iznose se pretpostavke za u inkoviti model sudjelovanja i suradnje svih odgovornih i zainteresiranih pri odre ivanju na ina upravljanja Natura 2000 podru jima, pri emu se definiraju ciljevi i uloge sudionika. Mogu i modeli provedbe

sagledavaju se kroz primjere dobre prakse upravljanja Natura 2000 podru jima iz drugih država EU. S druge strane, navode se naj eš e teško e i to ke zastoja i/ili konflikata u provedbi. lanak donosi pregled izvora financiranja Europske komisije (strukturalni i kohezijski fondovi) te ostalih mogu nosti (su)financiranja provedbe razli itih mjera vezanih za Natura 2000 podru ja u razdoblju 2014-2020. Zaklju no, ocijenjuje se funkcionalna u inkovitost programa u Natura 2000 u Hrvatskoj, ovisno o realno mogu im (prihvatljivim) politikama i scenarijima provedbe. Klju ne rije i: o uvanje bioraznolikosti, Natura 2000, održivo korištenje, upravljanje, financiranje

Natura 2000 in Croatia - What is it to be expected?

Ivan Martini 1, Maja Kerovec2 1University of Zagreb Faculty of Forestry, Svetošimunska 25, Zagreb, Croatia 2Wyg – savjetovanje d.o.o., Ulica grada Vukovara 269g, Zagreb, Croatia Abstract This paper elaborates implementation model for Natura 2000 ecological network obligations and conservation measures in Croatia. Croatian legislative and institutional framework, along with readiness level of the most responsible public administration authorities and economic sectors are also analyzed. The emphasis is on analysis of binding conservation measures and realistic options for their implementation in agriculture, forestry and water management. At the same time, open questions are raised in connection with implementation indicators and costs. Assumptions are made for effective participation and cooperation among wide range of stakeholders in establishing Natura 2000 management model, whereat objectives and roles are defined. Possible implementation models are considered through Natura 2000 good practice examples from other EU states. On the other hand, the most significant difficulties and delays and/or conflicts are listed. Paper gives overview of European Commission financing resources (structural and cohesion funds) and other possibilities of (co)financing different implementation measures related to Natura 2000 areas in 2014 – 2020 period. In conclusion, functional effectiveness of the Natura 2000 programs in Croatia is evaluated, depending on realistically possible policies and implementation scenarios. Keywords: biodiversity conservation, Natura 2000, sustainable use, management, financing

Slovenian experiences with Natura 2000 assessments – lessons learned

Tina Klemen 1, Darij Kraj 1

1Institute of Republic of Slovenia for Nature Conservation, Toba na 5, Ljubljana, Slovenia (tina.klemencic@zrsvn.si) Abstract Slovenia is EU member since 2004 and many plans and projects have been assessed so far, bringing us experiences and knowledge about how Habitats directive assessments work and protect Natura 2000 sites. Since difficult cases can offer even more to learn from than best – practice cases, the aim of the article is to present lessons learned through dealing with difficult issues such as study of alternatives, compensating habitats, decisions about significance of plan impacts, economical interests etc. We will present some cases of plan preparation that took too much time, money and energy trying to avoid some of the Directive’s provisions or alter their interpretation. By studying EU court cases and Commission opinions as well as through communication with Commission we can predict the outcome of EU Commission pre-court procedures against Slovenia about disputable cases. Article shows that it is wiser and more efficient (in terms of time, money and staff) to follow directive’s provisions and case law than trying to ignore it and deal with consequences. Keywords: Natura 2000, assessment, case – study, Habitats directive, EU Commission

NATURA 2000 - procjena utjecaja na ekološku mrežu

Maja Kerovec1, Stjepan Mišeti 2, Ivan Martini 3, Zlatko Pletikapi 2

1WYG Savjetovanje doo, Ulica grada Vukovara 269 G, Zagreb, Hrvatska (maja.kerovec@wyg-c.eu) 2Elektroprojekt d.d., Alexandera von Humboldta 4, Zagreb, Hrvatska 3Šumarski fakultet, Svetošimunska 25, Zagreb, Hrvatska Sažetak Višenamjenski hidrotehni ki sustavi su sustavi s velikim podru jem obuhvata i podru jem utjecaja. Zbog toga, te zbog geografskih i prirodnih osobitosti Republike Hrvatske, od neizgra enih višenamjenskih hidrotehni kih sustava gotovo i nema sustava koji jednim dijelom ne zadire u zašti ena podru ja i podru ja ekološke mreže ili koji barem posredno nema utjecaj na takva podru ja. Dobrobiti koje takvi sustavi mogu pružiti dovoljno su veliki razlog što se u takvim slu ajevima od njih ne odustaje, nego se traže rješenja pomirbe interesa velikog broja mogu ih njihovih korisnika i interesa zaštite velikih prirodnih vrijednosti kojima raspolažemo. Prikazati e se uvjeti pod kojima se moraju voditi postupci pripreme i provedbe procjene utjecaja ove vrste zahvata na okoliš i prirodu s aspekta njihovog preklapanja s podru jima institucionalne zaštite prirode na nacionalnoj i me unarodnoj razini, te e se dati poop enja postupaka, te prijedlozi za njihovu jasnu, reguliranu i transparentnu provedbu. Zaklju no e se naglasiti potreba reguliranja odnosa državnih institucija prema takvim zahvatima radi zaštite prirode, ali i op edruštvenih interesa. Klju ne rije i: višenamjenski hidrotehni ki sustavi, zašti ena podru ja, ekološka mreža, op edruštveni interes

NATURA 2000 – Appropriate Assessment of the Project Ecological Network Impact

Maja Kerovec1, Stjepan Mišeti 2, Ivan Martini 3, Zlatko

Pletikapi 2

1WYG Savjetovanje doo, Ulica grada Vukovara 269 G, Zagreb, Croatia (maja.kerovec@wyg-c.eu) 2Elektroprojekt d.d., Alexandera von Humboldta 4, Zagreb, Croatia 3University of Zagreb – Faculty of Forestry, Svetošimunska 25, Zagreb, Croatia

Abstract Multipurpose hydro-technical systems are systems that occupy a large territory and have a big area of influence. Because of that, and because of geographical and natural features of the Republic of Croatia (among the others, the potentially planed systems), there is almost no system which does not interfere with protected area and Natura 2000 areas even in a small part or which, at least indirectly, does not have impact on this area type. Benefits that this kind of systems can provide are pretty important and that is the reason for not giving up on their construction. Instead we should look for the solutions for reconciliation of a large number of possible users and interests for protection of great natural values that we possess. The conditions under which the preparation and implementation of environmental impact assessment and nature impact assessment have to be taken will be listed from the aspect of their overlap with areas of institutional nature protection on national and international level; generalizations of the procedures and suggestions for their clear, regulated and transparent implementation will be given. In the conclusion, the need to regulate relations between the state institutions towards such projects will be emphasized, in order to protect nature and general community interests as well at the same time. Keywords: Multipurpose hydro-technical systems, protected areas, ecological network, community interest

Ocjena prihvatljivosti planova i programa za podru ja ekološke mreže RH/NATURA 2000- prakti na iskustva i

mogu nosti budu e provedbe

Ivana Šari 1, Zoran Poljanec1, Marta Brki 1 1Dvokut ECRO d.o.o., Trnjanska 37, Zagreb, Hrvatska (ivana.saric@dvokut-ecro.hr, zoran.poljanec@dvokut-ecro.hr, marta.brkic@dvokut-ecro.hr) Sažetak Postupak ocjene prihvatljivosti plana/ programa za ekološku mrežu propisan je Pravilnikom o ocjeni prihvatljivosti plana, programa i zahvata za ekološku mrežu (Narodne novine broj 118/09). U postupku se procijenjuje postoji li, provedbom plana/ programa, vjerojatnost zna ajnog utjecaja na ciljeve

uvanja i cjelovitost ekološke mreže. U radu je dan osvrt na dosadašnja iskustva provo enja ovog postupka samostalno ili kao dio strateške procjene utjecaja na okoliš. Ukazano je na strukturu ulaznih podataka iz planova/ programa i podataka o ekološkoj mreži, te su predložene mogu nosti obrade podataka, razine procjene mogu ih utjecaja i mjera ublažavanja utjecaja na ekološku mrežu. Klju ne rije i: ocjena prihvatljivosti, plan, program, ekološka mreža, natura2000

Ecological Network RC/NATURA 2000 Appropriate Assessment of Plans and Programmes - Practical Experience

and Possibilities for Further Application

Ivana Šari 1, Zoran Poljanec1, Marta Brki 1

1Dvokut ECRO Ltd., Trnjanska 37, Zagreb, Croatia (ivana.saric@dvokut-ecro.hr, zoran.poljanec@dvokut-ecro.hr, marta.brkic@dvokut-ecro.hr) Abstract The procedure of appropriate assessment of a plan or programme's impact on the ecological network is stipulated by the Ordinance on the Appropriate Assessment of the Impact of Plans, Programmes and Projects on the Ecological Network (OG 118/09). Within this procedure, it is assessed if there is any possibility of significant impact on protection goals and integrity of the ecological network caused by the implementation of a plan or programme. This work contains an overview of the present implementations of this process either individually or as a part of the strategic environmental impact assessment. This work presents the structure of input data from plans/programmes and the ecological network, suggested data processing possibilities and levels of assessment of possible impacts and mitigation measures for impacts on the ecological network. Keywords: appropriate assessment, plan, programme, ecological network, NATURA 2000

Primjena smjernica za vrednovanje i o uvanje biološke raznolikosti i krajobraza u prostornim planovima

Zrinka Mesi 1,3, Orlando Venn2, Vladimir Kušan1, Tena Birov1,

Višnja Šteko1, Hrvoje Peternel1,3, Ana ani 3, Oleg Antoni 1,3,4

1Oikon d.o.o. Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju , Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb (zmesic@oikon.hr); 2Treweek Environmental Consultants, The Castle Centre, 25 Castle St., Barnstaple, Devon EX31 1DR, United Kingdom; 3Geonatura d.o.o. za stru ne poslove zaštite prirode, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska; 4Odjel za biologiju, Sveu ilište J.J.Strossmayer, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, Osijek, Hrvatska Sažetak Pregled metoda kojima se biološka raznolikost i krajobraz uklju uju kao kriteriji u proces prostornog planiranja pripremljen je u sklopu projekta Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in the Dalmatian Coast through Greening Coastal Development – COAST. Osim osnovnih i op enitih metoda za uklju ivanje biološke raznolikosti i krajobraza, dane su i smjernice o obavezama preuzetim iz EU zakonodavstva, a koje su nedavno uklju ene i u hrvatsko zakonodavstvo: 1) Strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš (SPUO) i 2) Ocjena prihvatljivosti za ekološku mrežu (OPEM). Metodologija prikazana u Smjernicama za vrednovanje i o uvanje biološke raznolikosti i krajobraza u prostornim planovima prikazuje, po pojedinim fazama izrade prostornog plana, na in uklju ivanja pitanja vezanih za biološku raznolikost i krajobraz, kao i preporu ene korake u SPUO i OPEM (koja se prema važe em zakonodavstvu za prostorne planove provodi kao dio postupka SPUO). Metodologija prikazana u sklopu Smjernica za ocjenu prihvatljivosti prostornih planova za ekološku mrežu daje sveobuhvatan pregled postupka OPEM u prostornom planiranju. Opisanom metodologijom su analizirani postoje i prostorni planovi ure enja dvaju COAST pilot podru ja: 1) Op ina Kolan i 2) Grad Vis. Analiza prostornih planova ure enja pilot podru ja pokazuje nužnost uklju ivanja SPUO u izradi planova višeg reda (županijskih) te detaljnije sagledavanje mogu nosti štetnih utjecaja na ekološku mrežu i mogu nost njihova ublažavanja tijekom izrade prostornih planova. Klju ne rije i: SPUO, ocjena prihvatljivosti za ekološku mrežu, prostorno planiranje, COAST, ekološka mreža

Application of guidelines for evaluation and conservation of biodiversity and landscape in spatial plans

Zrinka Mesi 1,3, Orlando Venn2, Vladimir Kušan1, Tena Birov1,

Višnja Šteko1, Hrvoje Peternel1,3, Ana ani 3, Oleg Antoni 1,3,4

1Oikon Ltd. – Institute for applied ecology, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia (zmesic@oikon.hr); 2Treweek Environmental Consultants, The Castle Centre, 25 Castle St., Barnstaple, Devon EX31 1DR, United Kingdom; 3Geonatura Ltd., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, Osijek, Croatia Abstract An overview of the methods for consideration and incorporation of biodiversity and landscape issues into the spatial planning process is prepared during the project Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in the Dalmatian Coast through Greening Coastal Development – COAST. In addition to basic and usual methods for inclusion of biodiversity and landscape, the methodology includes undertaking guidelines on the new obligations that have recently been incorporated into Croatian law: i) Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA); and ii) Appropriate Assessment (AA). The methodology presented in the Guidelines for the incorporation of biodiversity and landscape describes through the spatial planning process phases the incorporation of biodiversity and landscape issues parallel to the recommended SEA steps and AA steps, which is part of legally defined SEA process. The Guidelines for the Appropriate Assessment of spatial plans provide a comprehensive overview of the AA process and guidelines for AA process in spatial planning. The physical plans of two COAST pilot sites: i) Kolan Municipality and ii) Town Vis were analysed with the described methodology. Analyses of physical plans of pilot areas demonstrate the need for implementation of strategic impact assessment of the higher level plans (county spatial plans). Moreover, detailed assessment of likely adverse impacts on the ecological network and possible mitigation should be conducted through the spatial planning process. Keywords: SEA, Appropriate assessment, spatial plan, biodiversity, landscape

Compensatory Measures Legislative framework and practice – implementation in

Croatia

Tajana Uzelac Obradovi 1, Jelena Fressl1

1Dvokut ECRO Ltd., Trnjanska 37, Zagreb, Croatia (tajana.uzelac@dvokut-ecro.hr, jelena.fressl@dvokut-ecro.hr) Abstract Directive 79/409/EEC on the conservation of wild birds and Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats, wild fauna and flora are two central pillars of the EU biodiversity legislation. They provide legal protection for habitats and species that are of European importance through a network of sites across the EU – the Natura 2000 Network. For projects, plans or programs an Appropriate Assessment of their influence on Natura 2000 areas is prescribed; if they are found to be unacceptable, compensatory measures can be applied in cases of great economic or social value, importance for human health, human safety and property or if the purpose of a project, plan or program is to ensure better environment conditions. In 2007, as part of the EU accession process preparations the Republic of Croatia has set up the Croatian Ecological Network that consists of areas important for preservation of certain species or habitat types. The Appropriate Assessment procedure was also introduced to legislation and applied in practice. However, compensatory measures, even though having been provided for by the legislation framework, have not yet been implemented in any of the cases. This paper gives a review of current EU and Croatian national compensatory measures legislation, shows examples of compensatory measures implementation from other EU countries and offers some implementation propositions for compensatory measures practice after the accession to the EU on 1st of July 2013. Keywords: NATURA 2000, Croatian Ecological Network, compensatory measures

One iš enje zraka i Natura 2000 stanišni tipovi u Hrvatskoj

Luka Škunca1,2, Marina Magajne2, Maja Masla 1,2, Sanja Grguri 3, Oleg Antoni 1,2,3,4

1Oikon d.o.o. Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska; 2Geonatura d.o.o.za stru ne poslove zaštite prirode, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska; 3Gekom - Geofizikalno i ekološko modeliranje d.o.o., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska; 4Sveu ilište J. J. Strossmayera u Osijeku, Odjel za biologiju, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, Osijek, Hrvatska Sažetak Premda je Konvencija o dalekosežnom prekograni nom one iš enju zraka (CLTRAP) dovela do smanjenja emisija sumpora i dušika u Europi, pove ana depozicija dušika iz zraka i dalje predstavlja problem u UNECE regiji te se predvi a da e do 2020. godine 37% Europe biti pod rizikom od eutrofikacije. S obzirom da pove ano optere enje dušikom u kopnenim ekosustavima vodi k promjenama u sastavu i brojnosti biljnih vrsta na pojedinim lokacijama, predlaže se upotreba bioindikatora prekora enja empirijskih kriti nih optere enja za izvještavanje prema lanku 17. Direktive o staništima. U Hrvatskoj je rasprostranjeno devet Natura 2000 stanišnih tipova za koje su poznate empirijske kriti ne razine za depoziciju dušika, dok to nije slu aj za velik broj stanišnih tipova (npr. poplavne i mo varne šume, mediteranska staništa i staništa na kršu). Kako bi se moglo pratiti utjecaj taloženja dušika iz zraka na nacionalnoj razini i pravovremeno djelovati, potrebno je odrediti empirijske kriti ne razine za preostale osjetljive stanišne tipove i uspostaviti program pra enja utjecaja optere enja dušikom. U radu e se prikazati:

1) NATURA 2000 stanišni tipovi na podru ju Hrvatske za koje je potrebno odrediti empirijske kriti ne razine i/ili uspostaviti program pra enja utjecaja optere enja dušikom,

2) podru ja prikladna za monitoring i 3) metodologija odre ivanja kriti nih razina i okvirni plan provedbe

monitoringa. Klju ne rije i: CLTRAP, kriti ne razine dušika, eutrofikacija, pra enje stanja, zaštita prirode

Air Pollution and Natura 2000 Habitat Types in Croatia

Luka Škunca1,2, Marina Magajne2, Maja Masla 1,2, Sanja Grguri 3, Oleg Antoni 1,2,3,4

1Oikon Ltd Institute of Applied Ecology, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Geonatura Ltd, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia; Gekom – Geophysical and Ecological Modeling Ltd., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Biology, J. J. Strossmayer University in Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, Osijek, Croatia Abstract Although the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution resulted in decrease of sulphur and nitrogen emissions in Europe, a high deposition of nitrogen still presents a problem in the UNECE region with a prediction that 37% of Europe will be under the risk of eutrophication by 2020. Given that an elevated deposition of nitrogen on terrestrial habitats leads to changes in the abundance and composition of species, the use of bioindicators for exceedance of empirical critical loads has been suggested for reporting under Article 17 of the Habitat directive. There are nine Natura 2000 habitat types in Croatia that have a known empirical critical load for nitrogen deposition, but for other habitat types there is no available information (i.e. wet swamp forests, Mediterranean and karst habitats). In order to monitor the effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in Croatia and react promptly, there is a need to develop empirical critical loads for nitrogen for those sensitive habitat types that lack data and develop a nationwide monitoring programme for nitrogen deposition. This paper will present:

1) Natura 2000 habitat types in Croatia requiring data for an empirical critical load and/or a monitoring programme for nitrogen deposition

2) appropriate areas for monitoring and 3) methodology for empirical critical loads assessment and general plan

for the implementation of the monitoring programme Keywords: CLTRAP, nitrogen critical load, eutrophication, monitoring, nature protection

Ekološka mreža u kontekstu izrade i provedbe prostornih planova, primjer Primorsko-goranske županije

Sonja Šiši 1, Koraljka Vahtar-Jurkovi 2

1Javna ustanova „Priroda“, Grivica 4, Rijeka, Hrvatska (sonja.sisic@ju-priroda.hr) 2Primorsko-goranska županija, Adami eva 10, Rijeka, Hrvatska Sažetak Prema Nacrtu prijedloga uredbe o ekološkoj mreži NATURA 2000, ekološka mreža u Primorsko-goranskoj županiji obuhva a gotovo 80% kopnene površine. Takav prijedlog izaziva zabrinutost šire javnosti zbog mogu ih ograni enja za budu i razvoj, pa se u radu sagledavaju posljedice uklju ivanja ekološke mreže u prostorno-plansku dokumentaciju, odnosno analiziraju se postoje a gra evinska podru ja u odnosu na podru ja koja e initi sastavni dio ekološke mreže. Na temelju provedene analize zaklju uje se da je unato velikom obuhvatu budu e ekološke mreže NATURA 2000 u prostorno-planskoj dokumentaciji ipak mogu e posti i ravnotežu izme u razvojnih potreba i zaštite prirode u užem smislu. Klju ne rije i: prostorno planiranje, ekološka mreža, NATURA 2000, Primorsko-goranska županija

Ecological network in the context of the elaboration and implementation of spatial plans – the example of the County

of Primorje-Gorski Kotar

Sonja Šiši 1, Koraljka Vahtar-Jurkovi 2 1Priroda Public Institution, Grivica 4, Rijeka, Croatia (sonja.sisic@ju-priroda.hr) 2County of Primorje-Gorski Kotar, Adami eva 10, Rijeka, Croatia Abstract According to the Draft proposal for the Regulation on the NATURA 2000 ecological network, the ecological network in the County of Primorje-Gorski Kotar will cover almost 80% of its land area. Such a proposal raises the concern of the general public due to possible restrictions on future development. In this paper we analyse the consequences of the introduction of the ecological network into spatial planning documents, and make a comparative analysis of the existing building areas and those areas which will form an integral part of the ecological network. Based on the analysis, we come to the conclusion that despite the large coverage of the future NATURA 2000 ecological network in spatial planning documents, it is nevertheless possible to achieve a balance between the needs of development on the one hand, and the protection of nature in the strict sense on the other. Keywords: spatial planning, ecological network, NATURA 2000, County of Primorje-Gorski Kotar

Provedba NATURA 2000 u šumarstvu – mogu nosti provedbe kompenzacijskih mjera na podru ju Gorskog Kotara

Nena Rasti 1, Aleksandra Ani Vu ini 1, Ivan Martini 1, Nenad

Mikuli 2 1Sveu ilište u Zagrebu, Šumarski fakultet, Svetošimunska 25, Zagreb, Hrvatska

2 Eko Invest d.o.o., Draškovi eva 50, Zagreb, Hrvatska Sažetak Cilj NATURE 2000, mreže ekoloških podru ja u Europskoj uniji, je o uvati ili ponovno uspostaviti povoljno stanje zna ajnih vrsta i stanišnih tipova u podru ju njihove prirodne rasprostranjenosti. U tu svrhu izdvaja se reprezentativni dio površine svakog ugroženog stanišnog tipa ili areal ugrožene vrste. U izdvajanju se koriste isklju ivo znanstveni i stru ni kriteriji. Prilikom izdvajanja, naj eš e se samo dio podru ja uklju i u mrežu dok drugi dio staništa ostane izvan nje. Kod takvih staništa prilikom zahvata koji zahtijevaju kompenzacijske mjere može se dio koji se gubi zamijeniti djelom staništa koji je ostao izvan mreže. Takav princip zamijene mogao bi se primijeniti na podru ju šuma Gorskog Kotara u Republici Hrvatskoj. Na tom podru ju ve i je broj šumskih podru ja koja su uklju ena u preliminarni popis NATURA 2000. Te šume pripadaju brdskim bukovim, pretplaninskim bukovim, bukovo-jelovim i kontinentalnim crnogori nim šumama. Kao primjer kompenzacije staništa, gdje prenamijenjeni dio podru ja zamjenjujemo dijelom podru ja koji je ostao izvan mreže, prikazane su pretplaninske bukove šume s planinskim žabnjakom na lokalitetu Vilje u risnja kom masivu. Klju ne rije i: Natura 2000, Kompenzacijske mjere, šume

Implementation of NATURA 2000 in Forestry – Exercising the Compensation Measures in Gorski Kotar Region

Nena Rasti 1, Aleksandra Ani Vu ini 1, Ivan Martini 1, Nenad

Mikuli 2 1University of Zagreb Faculty of Forestry, Svetošimunska 25, Zagreb, Croatia 2Eko Invest ltd., Draškovi eva 50, Zagreb, Croatia Abstract The aim of the Natura 2000 ecological network is to maintain or restore favourable status of important species and habitat types in their natural environment. The most representative area of every endangered habitat type or endangered species is selected for the purpose of its inclusion in ecological network. Only scientific and expert criteria are used in the said selection. Most of the times, one part of the area becomes incorporated within the network, while the other part of the habitat remains unenclosed. In such cases, during projects requiring compensatory measures, the part being lost may be replaced with a part of the habitat that remains outside the network. The said replacement principle may be applied in forests of the Gorski Kotar region. There are many forest areas in the region that have been included in the preliminary list of NATURA 2000 sites, belonging to hilly beech, sub-mountain beech, beech-fir and continental coniferous forests. Sub-mountain beech forests with mountain buttercup at the Vilje locality on the Risnjak mountain massif are taken as an example of habitat compensation, where the converted part is replaced with part of the area remaining outside the network. Keywords: Natura 2000, compensatory measures, forests

SEKCIJA 3 / SECTION 3

NATURA 2000 - PROCJENA UTJECAJA NA EKOLOŠKU MREŽU /

NATURA 2000 – ECOLOGICAL NETWORK IMPACT ASSESSMENT

POSTER PREZENTACIJE / POSTER PRESENTATIONS

Kartiranje morskih staništa Istarske županije u sklopu SHAPE projekta i mogu nosti prakti ne primjene rezultata

Latinka Janjanin1, Zoran Poljanec2, Tajana Uzelac Obradovi 2

1Zavod za prostorno ure enje Istarske županije, Riva 8, Pula, Hrvatska (latinka.janjanin@istra-istria.hr) 2Dvokut ECRO d.o.o., Trnjanska cesta 37, Zagreb, Hrvatska Sažetak Zavod za prostorno ure enje Istarske županije zapo eo je sustavna kartiranja istarskog podmorja 2008. godine s ciljem odre ivanja potencijalnih morskih podru ja NATURA 2000. Sustavna kartiranja nastavila su se i u sklopu SHAPE projekta, u akvatoriju 9 gradova i op ina unutar zašti enog obalnog podru ja mora. Iskartirano je 174 km obalne linije Istarske županije, ukupne površine akvatorija 42,2 km2. Zabilježeno je 6 rijetkih i ugroženih stanišnih tipova NATURA 2000, te 24 stanišna tipa prema hrvatskoj klasifikaciji staništa (NKS). Analizirani podaci o morskim staništima Istre postati e osnova za budu e održivo upravljanje i korištenje obalnog podru ja Županije (Prostorni plan Istarske županije, Plan integralnog upravljanja obalnim podru jem), te sastavni dio karte staništa RH i GIS Atlasa jadranske regije. Uporaba preciznih, aktualnih karata morskih staništa tako er je preduvjet za kvalitetnu procjenu utjecaja obalnih i morskih zahvata na okoliš i propisivanje adekvatnih mjera zaštite i programa pra enja ugroženih vrsta i stanišnih tipova. Klju ne rije i: kartiranje morskih staništa, SHAPE, NATURA 2000, NKS, PUO

Marine habitats mapping in Istria county as part of SHAPE

project and possibilities for practical result aplication

Latinka Janjanin1, Zoran Poljanec2, Tajana Uzelac Obradovi 2

1 Institute for Physical Planning Region of Istria, Riva 8, Pula, Croatia (latinka.janjanin@istra-istria.hr) 2Dvokut ECRO Ltd., Trnjanska cesta 37, Zagreb, Croatia Abstract Institute for Physical Planning Region of Istria began the systematic mapping of marine habitats in 2008 with the aim to designate potential marine NATURA 2000 areas. The systematic mapping of marine habitats continued within the framework of the SHAPE project, in aquatories of nine towns and municipalities, within the protected marine coastal zone. Altogether, 174 km of coastal line and a total surface of aquatories of 42,20 km2 of the Region have been mapped. Six rare and endangered NATURA 2000 habitat types were noted, as well as 24 habitat types according to the Croatian Habitat Classification (CHC). The analysed data about Istrian marine habitats will become the basis for the future sustainable management, as well as for use of the Region coastal zone (Physical Plan Region of Istria, Integral Coastal Zone Management Plan) and an integral part of the Republic Habitat Map and GIS Atlas of the Adriatic region. Use of accurate, up to date maps of marine habitats is also a prerequisite for quality environmental impact assessment of coastal and marine projects and prescribing adequate mitigation measures and monitoring programs of endangered species and habitats. Keywords: marine habitat mapping, SHAPE, NATURA 2000, national habitat map, EIA

Revitalizacija vodnih tijela – neizbježan konflikt hidrotehni kog, gospodarskog i ekološkog pristupa?

Robert Špani 1, Vedran Šegota1, Stjepan Dekani 1, Zoran Pišl1

1Institut za istraživanje i razvoj održivih eko sustava, Jagodno 100a, Velika Gorica, Hrvatska (ires@ires.hr) Sažetak Trend vodnogospodarskih zahvata regulacije i održavanja voda u Republici Hrvatskoj obuhva a projekte koji u svom nazivu isti u pojam revitalizacije. Kako se tim pojmom esto isti e svrha zahvata, stje e se dojam da je rije o zahvatima koji bi trebali imati pozitivne utjecaje na okoliš i prirodu. No, je li tome uistinu tako? Revitalizacija vodotoka shva a se vrlo razli ito s pozicije vrednovanja razli itih struka. Hidrološki, ti su zahvati povoljni u smislu održavanja vodotoka. Gra evinarski i hidrotehni ki pristup promatra revitalizaciju kao hidrotehni ki zahvat bez obzira na svrhu promjene hidrološkog stanja. Gospodarski (ujedno politi ki i sociološki) pristup u revitalizaciji prirodi prepuštenog vodnog tijela vidi promjenu u okolišu kojeg se može lakše iskoristiti u djelatnostima poput ribolova, sporta i rekreacije, turizma, iskorištavanja energije vode, navodnjavanja i drugo. Svako se vodno tijelo može koristiti u neku od gospodarskih svrha. No, može li održavanje svakog vodnog tijela biti revitalizacija? Odgovor na to daje ekološki pristup koji nadilazi sve tehni ke varijante i primjenjive svrhe takvih zahvata. Ekološki definirana revitalizacija vodnog tijela u sklopu procjene utjecaja zahvata na ekološku mrežu uklju uje održivi opstanak vodenog ekosustava sa svim stanišnim tipovima i svojtama. Pri tome se traži odgovor na temeljno pitanje koje e vrednovati takav zahvat u prirodnom okolišu: kako revitalizirati na na in održiv za vodeni ekosustav? Ukoliko se revitalizira podru je unutar mreže NATURA 2000, na in i opseg revitalizacije trebali bi biti definirani s pristupa koji brani interes prirode. Zaklju no, naglašava se nužnost interdisciplinarnog pristupa u samim po etcima planiranja takvih zahvata. Klju ne rije i: revitalizacija, vodna tijela, hidrotehni ki zahvat, ekološki pristup, održivost, NATURA 2000

Water bodies' revitalisation – inevitable conflict of the hydro

technical, economical and ecological approach?

Robert Špani 1, Vedran Šegota1, Stjepan Dekani 1, Zoran Pišl1

1Institute for Research and Development of Sustainable Ecosystems, Jagodno 100a, Velika Gorica, Croatia (ires@ires.hr) Abstract Currently, the trends in water management in Croatia extend to the projects with the “revitalisation” term in its title. Since this term is usually used to explain the purpose of the water management, it is regularly uncritically interpreted as solely positive to environment and nature. It’s obvious that different professions interpret revitalisation in water management in many different ways. Hydrological approach defines it as beneficial in terms of watercourse maintenance. From hydro technical and constructional point of view revitalisation presents hydro technical measure regardless of hydrological status. Economical (including political and sociological) approach observe revitalisation of (semi)natural water bodies as an opportunity for development of fishing, sports, recreation, tourism, exploitation of water energy, irrigation systems etc. But, can be all maintenance of water bodies defined as revitalisation? The ecological approach could offer us the right answer – ecologically defined revitalisation of water bodies within Ecological Network Impact Assessment implies a sustainable conservation of water ecosystems, habitats and taxa. The crucial issue to be answered in this process is how to revitalise a water ecosystem in a sustainable way? If the revitalisation is planned within NATURA 2000 sites, the modality and extent of the revitalisation has to be defined using approach which defends the interest of nature conservation. Finally, the necessity for interdisciplinary approach in early stages of planning has to be stressed. Keywords: revitalisation, water bodies, hydro technical measure, ecological approach, sustainability, NATURA 2000

Procjena nedostatnosti podataka za morski dio NATURA 2000 mreže u Hrvatskoj

Fanica Kljakovi Gašpi 1,2, Zrinka Mesi 1,2, Edin Lugi 1 , Oleg

Antoni 1,2,3

1Geonatura Ltd., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska (fkgaspic@geonatura.hr)

2Oikon d.o.o. Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska 3Sveu ilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku, Odjel za biologiju, Cara Hadrijana bb, Osijek, Hrvatska Sažetak Nedostatnost podataka o morskim staništima i vrstama procijenjena je tijekom projekta "Identifikacija i uspostavljanje morskog dijela Natura 2000 mreže u Hrvatskoj”. Analiza nedostatnosti podataka temeljena je na procjeni svih službeno dostupnih podataka o prostornoj rasprostranjenosti Natura 2000 vrsta i staništa organiziranih u 34 prostorne jedinice (mezoregije). U prvom koraku procjene nedostatnosti, provedeno je vrednovanje mezoregija (s ciljem odre ivanja prioritetnih podru ja za dodatna istraživanja bioraznolikosti) temeljem dva kriterija: 1) generalne razine znanja o bioraznolikosti i 2) potencijalne (tj. modelirane u funkciji okolišnih varijabli) rasprostranjenosti Natura 2000 staništa prema Karti staništa Republike Hrvatske (KSRH; M:100 000). Drugi korak procjene nedostatnosti obuhvatio je analizu potencijalne prostorne varijabilnosti staništa morskog bentosa (temeljem KSRH) i identifikaciju novih potencijalno važnih podru ja bioraznolikosti (VPB). Dvadeset i devet novih podru ja potencijalno važnih za bioraznolikost utvr eno je i ru no delineirano u ekspertnoj interpretaciji temeljenoj na maksimalnim vrijednostima 1) službeno dostupnih podataka o Natura 2000 zna ajkama i 2) stanišne raznolikosti (Shannon – Wiener indeksa) prema KSRH. Dobiveni rezultati mogu se koristiti za dovršavanje prostorne razdiobe Natura 2000 podru ja u hrvatskom podmorju, kao i za planiranje budu ih istraživanja. Klju ne rije i: zaštita bioraznolikosti, ekološka mreža, morska staništa, Natura 2000 podru ja, ugrožene i rijetke vrste i staništa

Data gap analysis for Natura 2000 marine network in Croatia

Fanica Kljakovi Gašpi 1,2, Zrinka Mesi 1,2, Edin Lugi 1 , Oleg

Antoni 1,2,3

1Geonatura Ltd., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia (fkgaspic@geonatura.hr) 2Oikon Ltd. – Institute for applied ecology, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia 3Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana bb, Osijek, Croatia Abstract The data gaps for benthic habitats and species were assessed during the project “Identification and setting-up of the marine part of NATURA 2000 network in Croatia”. The data gap analysis was based on evaluation of all officially available data about spatial distribution of Natura 2000 species and habitats. The data were organized in 34 spatial units (mesoregions). In the first step of assessment, ranking of mesoregions (in order to select priorities for additional biodiversity research), was carried out on the two criteria: 1) general level of existing knowledge about biodiversity and 2) potential (i.e. modelled in a function of environmental variables) portion of Natura 2000 habitats, according to Habitat map of Republic of Croatia (HMRC; 1:100.000). The second step of gap assessment comprised estimation of potential benthic habitat spatial variability (based on HMRC) and identification of new potentially biodiversity important areas (BIA). Twenty-nine new potential biodiversity important areas were identified and manually delineated by expert interpretation, on the basis of maximum values of 1) officially available data about Natura 2000 features and 2) habitat diversity (Shannon – Wiener index) according to HMRC. Results can be used for the finalization of spatial distribution of NATURA 2000 sites along the Adriatic sea and planning a future research efforts. Keywords: biodiversity protection, ecological network, marine habitats, Natura 2000 sites, endangered and rare species and habitats

Primjena Priru nika za provedbu postupka Ocjene prihvatljivosti u o uvanju ekološke mreže RH

Hrvoje Peternel1,3, Petr Roth2, Oleg Antoni 1,3,4, Zrinka Mesi 1,3,

Ana ani 3, Mirna Mazija3, Vladimir Kušan1 1Oikon d.o.o. Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju , Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb (hpeternel@oikon.hr), 2me unarodni konzultant, Prag, eška, 3Geonatura d.o.o. za stru ne poslove zaštite prirode, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Hrvatska, 4Odjel za biologiju, Sveu ilište J.J.Strossmayer, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, Osijek, Hrvatska Sažetak Kao odgovor na aktualno smanjenje biološke raznolikosti, EU je donijela dvije direktive - Direktivu o staništima (92/43/EEC) i Direktivu o pticama (79/409/EEC, 2009/147/EC) - s osnovnim ciljem stvaranja ekološke mreže

uvanih podru ja u Europi (NATURA 2000). U skladu sa skorašnjim pristupanjem EU, Republika Hrvatska (RH) preuzela je u svoje zakonodavstvo odredbe spomenutih direktiva, što se ponajprije o ituje u uspostavljenoj Ekološkoj mreži RH, te provedbi postupka Ocjene prihvatljivosti za ekološku mrežu (OPEM). U sklopu Projekta Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in the Dalmatian Coast through Greening Coastal Development – COAST izra en je Priru nik za ocjenu utjecaja planiranog zahvata, neovisno o njegovoj veli ini i lokaciji, koji sam ili „u kombinaciji“ s drugim zahvatima može imati utjecaja na jedno ili više podru ja ekološke mreže. Priru nik prikazuje postupak OPEM sukladno važe em zakonodavnom okviru RH prema pojedinim fazama postupka, uklju uju i: 1) Prethodnu ocjenu zahvata, 2) Glavnu ocjena zahvata s ocjenom drugih pogodnih mogu nosti i 3) Utvr ivanje prevladavaju ega javnog interesa i kompenzacijskih uvjeta. U sklopu projekta je izvršena i valorizacija biološke raznolikosti podru ja Dalmacije s obzirom na okvirnu procjenu prihvatljivosti za izgradnju vjetroelektrana (VE). Metodologija iz Priru nika te rezultati valorizacije biološke raznolikosti primijenjeni su na odabranom pilot podru ju te je izra ena pilot studija Glavne ocjene za VE emernica. Klju ne rije i: OPEM, ekološka mreža, valorizacija biološke raznolikosti, vjetroelektrane, COAST

Application of the Appropriate Assessment Procedure Manual

in conserving ecological network in Croatia

Hrvoje Peternel1,3, Petr Roth2, Oleg Antoni 1,3,4, Zrinka Mesi 1,3, Ana ani 3, Mirna Mazija3, Vladimir Kušan1

1Oikon Ltd. – Institute for applied ecology, Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia (hpeternel@oikon.hr), 2international consultatnt, Prague, Czech Republic, 3Geonatura Ltd., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, Croatia, 4Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana bb, Osijek, Croatia Abstract In response to the current decrease of biodiversity, the EU adopted two directives – Habitat Directive (92/43/EEC) and Bird Directive (79/409/EEC, 2009/147/EC) – with the primary goal of creating an ecological network of conserved areas across the Europe (Natura 2000). In view of its forthcoming accession to the EU, Croatia incorporated the articles of these directives into its legislation that is evident in the first place by the establishment of the National Ecological Network and the implementation of the Appropriate Assessment (AA) procedure. Within the COAST project (Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in the Dalmatian Coast through Greening Coastal Development) the Manual dealing with acceptability of the planned project, regardless of its size and location, which either alone or “in combination” with other projects can have negative impacts on ecological network, was prepared. The Manual shows AA procedure according to the existing Croatian legislation by individual phases, including: 1) Screening, 2) Main assessment with assessment of alternative solutions, 3) Establishment of overriding public interest and compensatory measures. During the project a preliminary valorization of biodiversity in Dalmatian area with respect to acceptability of the planned windfarms (WF) was carried out. Methodology presented in the Manual and the results of valorization were applied to selected area and the pilot study of Main assessment of planned WF emernica was prepared. Keywords: Appropriate Assessment, ecological network, valorization of biodiversity, windfarms, COAST

SEKCIJA 4 / SECTION 4

SUDJELOVANJE JAVNOSTI / PUBLIC PARTICIPATION

Komunikacija dionika u postupku procjene utjecaja na okoliš

Mirjana Mateši 1, Dubravka Ba un2 1HR PSOR, Pavla Hatza 12, Zagreb, Hrvatska (mirjana.matesic@hrpsor.hr) 2Istarska 45a, Zagreb, Hrvatska Sažetak Europsko i hrvatsko zakonodavstvo propisuje da se za odre ene zahvate mora provesti procjena utjecaja zahvata na okoliš, a propisano je i sudjelovanje javnosti i zainteresirane javnosti u odlu ivanju o odre enim djelovanjima i djelatnostima vezanim za pitanja zaštite okoliša. Sudjelovanje javnosti višesmjerna je komunikacija svih dionika u postupku odlu ivanja koji u ovom procesu razmjenjuju svoja mišljenja, prijedloge i primjedbe vezano za donošenje odluka o odre enom zahvatu. Ovaj rad raspravlja o komunikaciji u postupku procjena utjecaja na okoliš u praksi, ukazuje na poteško e s kojima se susre u dionici, posebno investitori, ali i na poboljšanja koja su mogu a. Naglasak je na problemima i nesporazumima koji nastaju ako komunikacija nije pravovremena, istinita, transparentna, injeni no utemeljena te ako je se zlorabi radi pojedina nih interesa. Razmatra se i edukativna uloga komunikacije kao važnog procesa dijeljenja i pove anja znanja i iskustva sudionika u procesu te problem niskog povjerenja javnosti prema zahvatima u okolišu, kao i odgovornosti dionika s naglaskom na investitore. Definiraju se problemi koji nastaju zbog nejasnih smjernica o granicama dosega i zna ajnosti utjecaja zahvata što težinu procesa prebacuje na dogovor dionika i logi no razlu ivanje. Na kraju se postavlja pitanje odgovornosti svih dionika u postupku s posebnim naglaskom na predstavnike javne uprave o definiranju i pridržavanju rokova i troškovima koji u tom procesu nastaju. Klju ne rije i: komunikacija, okoliš, dionici, procjena, utjecaj

Communication of stakeholders in the process of environmental impact assessment

Mirjana Mateši 1, Dubravka Ba un2

1HR PSOR, Pavla Hatza 12, Zagreb, Croatia (mirjana.matesic@hrpsor.hr) 2Istarska 45a, Zagreb, Croatia Abstract European and Croatian legislation prescribes environmental impact assessment for specific operations. Public participation is also prescribed in decision-making process for certain environmentally significant activities and operations. It is in fact process of multidirectional communication of stakeholders in the decision-making process in which stakeholders exchange opinions, suggestions and comments related to reaching the decision about specific action in the environment. This paper discusses that process in practice. It stresses difficulties which stakeholders, specifically investors encounter as well as possible improvements. Accent is on the problems and misunderstandings which occur if communication is not time-relevant, truth, transparent, based on facts and if it is misused for individual gain. Paper considers communication as an important educational tool which enables exchange and enhancement of knowledge and experience of stakeholders as well as the problem of low level of public trust for this process. It also considers responsibilities of stakeholders and it defines problems which occur because of unclear guidance on boundaries of reach and relevance of an impact what transfers the responsibility for decision on the compromise and common sense. Finally, it raises the question of responsibility, especially of public sector, on defining and complying with time limitation and related expenses which occur when deadlines are not met. Keywords: communication, environment, stakeholders, assessment, impact

Dublji uvid u praksu PUO u Hrvatskoj – istraživanje stavova o kvaliteti i djelotvornosti postupka PUO i informiranja javnosti

Andreja Pavlovi 1, Nenad Mikuli 2, Daria Mateljak1

1Hauska & Partner, Ilica 246a, Zagreb, Hrvatska (andreja.pavlovic@hauska.com) 2EKO INVEST, Draškovi eva 50, Zagreb, Hrvatska (nenad.mikulic@ekoinvest.hr) Sažetak U sklopu uskla ivanja hrvatskog zakonodavstva o zaštiti okoliša sa zakonodavstvom EU Hrvatska je 2007. donijela Zakon o zaštiti, a godinu dana kasnije i dvije nove uredbe kojima je regulirano podru je procjene utjecaja a okoliš i sudjelovanja javnosti. Proteklih godina oba su ova podru ja u estalo kritizirana kao nedovoljno djelotvorna i kvalitetna, ali do sada nije provedeno sveobuhvatno istraživanje stavova koje bi omogu ilo dublji uvid u mišljenja i stavove relevantnih sudionika postupaka PUO o pojedinim klju nim pitanjima i stvorilo podlogu za daljnje unapre enje prakse. Cilj je ovog rada predstaviti rezultate istraživanja stavova relevantnih sudionika postupaka PUO koje je provela Hauska & Partner u okviru partnerske suradnje s Hrvatskom udrugom stru njaka za zaštitu prirode i okoliša. Za ovu je potrebu osmišljen poseban upitnik s Likertovom skalom. Klju ne rije i: uskla ivanje zakonodavstva, djelotvornost i kvaliteta postupaka PUO, istraživanje stavova sudionika PUO, Likertova skala

A deeper insight into the practice of the EIA in Croatia - research on attitudes about the quality and effectiveness of the

EIA and public information

Andreja Pavlovi 1, Nenad Mikuli 2, Daria Mateljak1

1Hauska & Partner, Ilica 246a, Zagreb, Croatia, (andreja.pavlovic@hauska.com) 2EKO INVEST, Draškovi eva 50, Zagreb, Croatia (nenad.mikulic@ekoinvest.hr) Abstract Within the framework of the Croatian environmental legislation harmonization with the EU acquis Croatia passed the Environmental Protection Act in 2007 and a year after the two new ordinances regulating the area of environment impact assessment and the public participation. Over the last years both of these areas have been frequently criticized as insufficiently effective and low-quality. Nevertheless, to date there is no comprehensive research of attitudes that would provide deeper insight into the opinions and attitudes of relevant stakeholders in the Environmental Impact Assessment procedure (the EIA) on certain key issues and thus create a basis for further improvement of the practice. The aim of this paper is to present the results of the research on the attitudes of relevant stakeholders of the EIA that was conducted by Hauska & Partner within the partnership cooperation with the Croatian Association of Experts for the Protection of Nature and Environment. For the research purposes a special questionnaire was designed with Likert scale. Keywords: Harmonization of law, the EIA effectiveness and, research of attitudes of the EIA participants, Likert scale

Analysis of the public participation in Environmental Impact Assessment procedures

Jelena Fressl1, Marta Brki 1, Marijana Bakula1, Ivana Šari 1

1Dvokut ECRO Ltd., Trnjanska cesta 37, Zagreb, Croatia (jelena.fressl@dvokut-ecro.hr, marta.brkic@dvokut-ecro.hr, marijana.bakula@dvokut-ecro.hr, ivana.saric@dvokut-ecro.hr) Abstract The Republic of Croatia is a signatory party of the Aarhus convention - The Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters. With it, Croatia has accepted the obligation for public participation in environmental impact assessment processes which was introduced in to the legislation framework through the Environmental Protection Act and pursuant special regulations. These define an appropriate way of informing the public that an EIA procedure was initiated, format of the public debate, the obligation of submitting EIA studies to public inspection and the obligation of the public discussion regarding the EIA. Despite the standardized procedure of public participation in environmental matters, in the field the differences in public participation have been noticed depending on the region of the Republic of Croatia and also on the character of the project. This paper tested this hypothesis by statistically analyzing publicly available data to determine differences in regional public involvement as well as which types of projects local communities find acceptable and which cause negative reactions of the public. Often, in the course of public debates and discussions public questions do not regard the environmental impact assessment but spatial planning or proprietary dilemmas, which was also taken into account in this paper. Keywords: public participation, environmental impact assessment

Sudjelovanje javnosti u postupcima procjene utjecaja na okoliš i isho enja okolišne dozvole: iskustva dobivena kroz projekt

Antonija Ujakovi 1, Tena Petrovi 1

1Safege d.o.o., Maksimirska 101, Zagreb, Hrvatska (antonija.ujakovic@safege.hr) Sažetak Potpisivanjem Aarhuške konvencije Hrvatska je stvorila pretpostavke za šire mogu nosti sudjelovanja javnosti u postupcima odlu ivanja o okolišu, uklju uju i postupke procjene utjecaja na okoliš i utvr ivanja objedinjenih uvjeta zaštite okoliša. Iako Konvencija zagovara rano i djelotvorno sudjelovanje javnosti, pitanje uspješne provedbe tih na ela u praksi ostaje otvoreno. Cilj rada je ukazati na probleme koji nastaju prilikom uklju ivanja javnosti u postupke procjene utjecaja na okoliš i isho enja okolišne dozvole, a putem iskustva dobivenog kroz projekt “Uspostava centara za provedbu IPPC direktive na regionalnoj razini u Hrvatskoj“. U sklopu projekta proveden je niz radionica na temu sudjelovanja javnosti u pitanjima okoliša, te je kroz simulaciju javnih rasprava i temeljem podataka dobivenih od dionika procesa (nadležna tijela, industrija, ovlaštenici i javnost) dobiven uvid u trenutno stanje uloge javnosti. Rad obra uje rezultate dobivene putem upitnika koje su ispunjavali sudionici radionica, a koji upu uju na podru ja koja zahtijevaju poboljšanja. Posebno se isti e pitanje interesa javnosti za pitanja okoliša, te dodatne edukacije javnosti koja bi joj omogu ila da se postavi kao ravnopravan partner u komunikaciji s industrijom i nadležnim tijelima. Zaklju ak rada ine prijedlozi za poboljšanje trenutne situacije uklju ivanja javnosti te samim time unaprje enje procesa uskla ivanja hrvatskog pravnog sustava s pravnom ste evinom Europske zajednice. Klju ne rije i: Aarhuška konvencija, javnost, radionice, EU projekt

Public participation in the process of Environmental Impact Assessment and of issuing environmental permits: experiences

gained in the project

Antonija Ujakovi 1, Tena Petrovi 1 1Safege d.o.o., Maksimirska 101, Zagreb, Hrvatska (antonija.ujakovic@safege.hr) Abstract By signing the Aarhus Convention, Croatia created preconditions for wider possibilities of public participation in the process of making environmental decisions, including procedures of Environmental Impact Assessment and in determining integrated environmental requirements. Although the said Convention advocates early and efficient public participation, the issue of successful implementation of such principles remains open. Aim of this paper is to point out the problems arising from public participation in the process of Environmental Impact Assessment and of issuing environmental permits gained through experience on the project “Establishment of Centres for Implementation of IPPC at Regional Level in Croatia“. The project included organisation of a series of workshops on public participation. By simulating real public debates and by collecting data from stakeholders (competent authorities, industry, authorized consultant organizations and the public) the insight into the current role of public was gained. This paper summarizes the results gained through questionnaires filled in by workshop participants which indicate issues to be improved. Special attention is given to the issue of public interest in environmental questions, as well as additional education that would make it an equal partner in communication with the industry and competent authorities. The conclusion of the paper contains suggestions for improvement of the existing situation regarding public involvement, concurrently meaning enhancements of the process of aligning Croatian legal system with the acquis communautaire. Keywords: Aarhus Convention, public, workshops, EU project

Energetski projekti i javnost

Mirjana erškov Klika1, Hrvojka Šunji 1 1APO d.o.o. usluge zaštite okoliša – lan HEP Grupe, Savska c. 41/IV, Zagreb, Hrvatska (mirjana.cerskov-klika@apo.hr) Sažetak U svakom energetskom projektu je od osobitog zna aja i segment zaštite okoliša posebice i zbog toga što javnost obi no suženo, i isklju ivo kroz nekoliko elemenata vezanih uz okoliš, gleda na cjelinu projekta. Prihvatljivost elektroenergetskih projekta se u javnosti pojednostavljuje i ocjenjuje ve inom po njihovom utjecaju na okoliš. U cilju izbjegavanja aprioristi kog odbacivanja temeljenog na predrasudama, od samog po etka planiranja projekta, potrebno je raditi na postupnom predstavljanju i stru nom prikazu okolišnih aspekata projekta te kroz edukaciju i suradnju s javnosti na svim razinama, stvarati i održavati pozitivnu atmosferu ili okruženje projekta. Klju ne rije i: energetski projekt, zaštita okoliša, javnost

Energy projects and public

Mirjana erškov Klika1, Hrvojka Šunji 1 1APO Ltd. Environmental Services – HEP Group member, Savska c. 41/IV, Zagreb, Croatia (mirjana.cerskov-klika@apo.hr) Abstract In energy project from big importance is a segment of environmental protection, specially, because in the general public view through few elements connected to the environment one looks at the whole project. The acceptance of these projects is simplified in the public view and then judged by the environmental impact it creates. In the main aim of trying to avoid the dismissal on the basis of prejudice from the start of the project planning, one needs to work on first gradual introduction of all environmental aspects of the projects and then through education and cooperation with the public on all level create and sustain a positive atmosphere about the project in hand. Keywords: energy project, environmental protection, public

Participativni postupci u procesu krajobraznog planiranja

Dora Tomi 1, Sonja Butula1 1Sveu ilište u Zagrebu, Agronomski fakultet, Svetošimunska 25, Zagreb, Hrvatska (dtomic@agr.hr) Sažetak Prilikom donošenja odluka o prostoru, a sa ciljem postizanja održivog razvoja, važno je da razvojni i zaštitni zahtjevi budu me usobno uskla eni. Odluke o prostoru, usmjerene ka održivom razvoju, ujedno zahtijevaju i aktivno uklju ivanje javnosti na svim razinama. Zato je, uz stru ne zahtjeve za razvojem i zaštitom prostora, potrebno uvažiti i implementirati i društvene. Upravo krajobrazno planiranje kao dio prostornog planiranja uvažava da komponenta društva i javnosti ima važnu ulogu u aktivnostima planiranja i upravljanja prostorom, pa tako i krajobrazom. Ujedno u proces donošenja odluka o razvoju implementira zaštitno okolišne kriterije. Time se smanjuje naknadna mogu nost konflikta razvoja i zaštite ali se i priprema zaštitno utemeljena podloga za stratešku procjenu utjecaja na okoliš. Cilj ovog rada je ukazati na važnost sudjelovanja javnosti u postupcima planiranja kroz pregled dosadašnjih istraživanja, te dati pregled participativnih postupaka koji mogu biti korišteni kao alati planiranja i tako doprinijeti održivom i društveno prihvatljivom donošenju odluka o prostoru. Uvažavanjem društvenog konsenzusa o razvoju i zaštiti prostora sa istovremenim pove anjem znanja i informacija svih dionika o problemu i metodama rješavanja problema, može se posti i bolje prihva anje odluka ali i ve a pogodnost te odluke za sve dionike u prostoru. Tako er je ukazana potreba implementacije krajobraznog planiranja u proces prostornog planiranja i donošenja odluka o razvoju i zaštiti. Klju ne rije i: krajobraz, planiranje, javnost, participativni postupci

Participatory Methods in the Landscape Planning Process

Dora Tomi 1, Sonja Butula1 1University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska 25, Zagreb, Croatia (dtomic@agr.hr) Abstract When making spatial decisions with sustainable development objectives it is necessary to harmonize conservational and development requirements. Spatial decisions, aimed at sustainable development, also require active public involvement at all levels. Thus, it is important to include and implement the social requirements for development and protection, along with expert demands, in the decision making process. Precisely, landscape planning, as a part of spatial planning, accepts that the public and social component have an important role in spatial and landscape planning and management. Also, it includes environmental protection criteria in the decision making process. This reduces the subsequent possibility of development and conservational conflicts and prepares conservational based foundation for strategic impact assessment. The object of this paper is to point out the importance of public participation in planning process through overview of recent researches, and indicate the participatory methods that can be used as planning instrument in sustainable and socially acceptable spatial decision making. Accepting the social consensus on spatial development and conservation with simultaneous increasing of stakeholders’ knowledge and information about problems and problem solving methods can reach a better decision acceptance and also better suitability of a decision for all stakeholders. Additionally, the paper indicates the need for implementing landscape planning into spatial planning processes, as well as development and conservation decision making. Keywords: landscape, planning, public, participatory methods

Mišljenja zainteresirane javnosti i odluke lokalne zajednice u donošenju odluka vezanih za procjene utjecaja na okoliš

Juraj Kamenjarin1, Ivana Raj 2, Goranka Adam3, Benedikt

Aljinovi 4 1Prirodoslovno-matemati ki fakultet, Teslina 12, Split, Hrvatska (jk@pmfst.hr) 2Fuležina 1, Kaštel Stari, Hrvatska 3Put Butiri a 7, Kaštel Kambelovac, Hrvatska 4Putaljski put 15, Kaštel Su urac, Hrvatska Sažetak Namjera rada je izvijestiti javnost te nadležne institucije o zanemarivanju mišljenja ili neuklju ivanju zainteresirane javnosti kao i nepoštivanje odluka lokalne samouprave i zajednice u postupcima vezanim za procjene utjecaja na okoliš u Kaštelanskom zaljevu. Kaštelanski zaljev s oko 260 000 stanovnika, prekomjerno je optere en razli itim toksi nim tvarima što je posljedica snažne industrije koja je nekada bila razvijena. Danas su na ovom podru ju ostale cementare i željezara koje spadaju u velike one iš iva e okoliša. Tome doprinosi i injenica da su cementare prije desetak godina prešle na ekološki neprihvatljivija kruta goriva kao što su petrol koks i opasni otpad. Trenutno su u fazi traženja dozvola za korištenja RDF-a. Javnost i lokalna samouprava protive se tim nastojanjima. U radu se iznose aktivnosti Povjerenstva za pra enje stanja u okolišu Gradskog vije a Grada Kaštela i zainteresirane javnosti. Aktivnosti usmjerene u cilju zaštite okoliša, ometane su kršenjem Arhuške konvencije. Može se s velikom vjerojatnoš u pretpostaviti da su nadležna tijela i institucije Republike Hrvatske prekršili ustavna prava gra ana na zdrav i isti okoliš, pravo gra ana na pristup informacijama i sudjelovanje u donošenju odluka o pitanjima okoliša, te itav niz zakona, uredbi, protokola, prostornih planova, konvencija, kao i direktiva EU. Klju ne rije i: Kaštelanski zaljev, javnost, okoliš

Opinion of public and decisions of local communities in making decisions related to environmental impact assessment

Juraj Kamenjarin1, Ivana Raj 2, Goranka Adam3, Benedikt

Aljinovi 4 1Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Teslina 12, Split, Croatia (jk@pmfst.hr) 2Fuležina 1, Kaštel Stari, Croatia 3Put Butiri a 7, Kaštel Kambelovac, Croatia 4Putaljski put 15, Kaštel Su urac, Croatia Abstract: The intention of this paper is to inform the public and relevant institutions about the neglect of opinion or not including the interested public as well as disregarding decisions of local governments and communities in the proceedings relating to environmental impact assessment in the Kaštela Bay. The Kaštela Bay with about 260 000 inhabitants, is over burdened by a variety of toxic substances as a result of strong industry that was once developed. Today, in this area, only cement and steel companies, as big polluters of the environment, are left. This is contributed by the fact that cement plant switched to environmentally unacceptable solid fuels such as petroleum coke and hazardous waste a decade ago. They are currently seeking permission to use RDF. The public and local government oppose these efforts. This paper presents the activities of the Commission for the environmental monitoring of the City Council of the City of Kastela and the interested public. Activities focused to environmental protection have been interrupted by violating the Aarhus Convention. It can be assumed with high probability that the competent authorities and institutions of the Republic of Croatia have violated the constitutional rights of citizens to a healthy and clean environment, the right of citizens to access to information and participation in decision-making on environmental issues, and series of laws, regulations, protocols, spatial plans, conventions and EU directives. Keywords: Kaštela Bay, public, enviroment

Inclusion of Public and Concerned Public in Environmental Protection Affairs

Konrad Kiš1, Marta Brki 1

1Dvokut ECRO Ltd., Trnjanska 37, Zagreb, Croatia (konrad.kis@dvokut-ecro.hr, marta.brkic@dvokut-ecro.hr) Abstract A few recent decades brought substantial changes in the field of environmental protection. Rising environmental protection awareness significantly increased the number of parties involved in the decision-making process, while provisions of the Aarhus Convention considerably raised the possibilities of inclusion of broader public into the environmental protection informing and decision making process. Various non-government organizations and other civil society instances ("concerned public", as defined by the Convention) as well as individuals active in the environmental protection field make continuous efforts to enhance their influence in the decision making process, greatly aided by the media, and appreciably influence the creation of general public's opinion which is often based on superficial, incomplete or misinterpreted facts. The article shortly analyses three practical cases of environmental impact assessment and describes general trends in the environmental protection field, presenting the current state regarding the conflict management, policy and decision-making process. Keywords: environmental policy, environmental NGOs, decision-making, inclusion of public

Pregled sudjelovanja javnosti u postupcima procjene utjecaja na okoliš na podru ju Me imurske županije

Sandra Golubi

Me imurska županija, Upravni odjel za zaštitu okoliša i komunalno gospodarstvo, Ru era Boškovi a 2, akovec, Hrvatska (sandra.golubic@medjimurska-zupanija.hr) Sažetak Procjena utjecaja na okoliš je postupak procjene mogu ih zna ajnih utjecaja predloženih zahvatom na okoliš, odnosno utvr ivanje mogu ih direktnih i indirektnih u inaka zahvata na tlo, vodu, more, zrak, šume, klimu, ljude, biljni i životinjski svijet, krajobraz, materijalnu imovinu,kulturnu baštinu uzimaju i u obzir njihove me uodnose. Jedno od temeljnih prava u demokratskim društvima je pravo javnosti da bude informirana, da komentira i sudjeluje u odlu ivanju o pitanjima koja imaju direktan utjecaj na kvalitetu njihovog života. Sudjelovanje javnosti je bilo koji proces putem kojeg gra ani utje u na javne odluke koje se ti u njihovog života i života njihovih sugra ana. U radu je dan pregled sudjelovanja javnosti u postupcima procjene utjecaja na okoliš od 2001. do 2012. godine, pregled problema povezanih sa sudjelovanjem javnosti u postupcima procjene utjecaja na okoliš temeljem opažanja prilikom provedbe postupaka na podru ju županije, upravljanje postupkom kako bi se pružio primjeren proces sudjelovanja javnosti te ispunjenje standarda koje preporu aju me unarodne organizacije. Sudjelovanje javnosti u postupku procjene utjecaja na okoliš je iznimno važno. Lokalna zajednica poznaje podru je zahvata koje je predmet ocjene i može osigurati važne informacije, esto nepoznate tijelima nadležnim za provedbu postupka procjene utjecaja na okoliš. Klju ne rije i: procjena utjecaja na okoliš, sudjelovanje javnosti

A Survey of Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment Procedures in Me imurje County

Sandra Golubi

Me imurje County, Department of Environmental Protection and Municipal Services, Ru era Boškovi a 2, akovec, Croatia (sandra.golubic@medjimurska-zupanija.hr) Abstract Environmental impact assessment is a procedure of assessing possible significant impacts proposed by environmental intervention, or establishing possible direct and indirect impacts of environmental interventions on soil, water, sea, air, forests, climate, people, wildlife, landscape, material assets, and cultural heritage, taking into account interrelations between them. One of the fundamental rights in democratic societies is the right of the public to be informed, to comment on, and to participate in making decisions about issues which directly influence the quality of their lives. Public participation is any process by which citizens influence public decisions concerning their and their fellow townspeople's lives. The paper gives a survey of public participation in environmental impact assessment procedures in the period between 2001 and 2012, a survey of problems connected with public participation in environmental impact assessment procedures based on observation upon conducting the procedures in the county, managing the procedure in order to enable an adequate process of public participation, and meeting the standards recommended by international organisations. Public participation in environmental impact assessment procedure is extremely important. The local community is familiar with the scope of the intervention which is the subject of assessment, and can provide important information often unfamiliar to authorities responsible for conducting environmental impact assessment procedure. Keywords: environmental impact assessment, public participation

Sudjelovanje javnosti u postupcima PUO i SPUO u gradu Rijeci i Primorsko-goranskoj županiji

Tanja Saulig Brajdi 1, Koraljka Vahtar – Jurkovi 2

1Grad Rijeka, Korzo 16, Rijeka, Hrvatska (tanja.saulig@rijeka.hr) 2Primorsko-goranska županija, Riva 10, Rijeka, Hrvatska (koraljka.vahtar-jurkovic@pgz.hr) Sažetak U postupcima Procjene utjecaja na okoliš (PUO) i Strateške procjene utjecaj na okoliš (SPUO) sudjelovanje javnosti regulirano je pripadaju im uredbama. Iako je zakonodavac predvidio procedure sudjelovanja javnosti, pravi izazov ostaje njihova primjena u praksi. esto je sudjelovanje samo formalno, bez stvarne mogu nosti utjecaja na odlu ivanje, naj eš e iz razloga što se javnost uklju uje kasno, u trenutku kad su klju ne odluke o zahvatima ve donesene. Tako er, javnost esto niti nije dovoljno educirana da kompetentno sudjeluje u navedenim procesima, ve se sudjelovanje svodi na a priori protivljenje zahvatima za koje se provodi procjena utjecaja na okoliš, bez konstruktivnih prijedloga za prilago avanje zahvata uvjetima u okolišu ili mjera ublažavanja i kompenzacije. U radu je dan prikaz sudjelovanja javnosti u postupcima procjene utjecaja zahvata na okoliš u gradu Rijeci, te postupku strateške procjene utjecaja na okoliš u Primorsko-goranskoj županiji s osvrtom na kvalitativni i kvantitativni doprinos, te opseg sudjelovanja javnosti. Na kraju su dane preporuke za unaprje ivanje, odnosno poboljšanje sudjelovanja javnosti u navedenim procesima u budu nosti (bolje informiranost i edukacija javnosti, pravovemeno obavještavanje javnosti, priprema netehni kog sažetka na jeziku razumljivom široj javnosti i sl.). Za bolju participaciju javnosti u procesima PUO i SPUO potrebna je suradnja i trud obiju strana, i javnosti, ali i tijela i institucija koje provode iste. Klju ne rije i: sudjelovanje javnosti, grad Rijeka, Primorsko-goranska županija, procjena utjecaja na okoliš, strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš

Public participation in EIA and SEA in the City of Rijeka and Primorsko-goranska County

Tanja Saulig Brajdi 1, Koraljka Vahtar – Jurkovi 2

1Grad Rijeka, Korzo 16, Rijeka, Hrvatska (tanja.saulig@rijeka.hr) 2Primorsko-goranska županija, Riva 10, Rijeka, Hrvatska (koraljka.vahtar-jurkovic@pgz.hr) Abstract In the procedures of Envronmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) public participation is regulated according to related acts. Although the legislator has provided procedures for public participation, the real challenge remains in their implementation in practice. Very often, the participation is only formal, without influence on decision-making. The main reason is because the public is involved in late phase when the key decisions are already made. In addition, the public is often not educated enough to take part in competent manner within those processes. Participation mainly comprises of a priori contrary attitude towards projects under environmental impact assessment procedure, without constructive proposals for project adjustments to environmental conditions nor mitigation or compensation measures. In this paper is presented public participation in the environmental impact assessment procedures in the city of Rijeka and strategic environmental assessment in Primorsko-goranska county with regards to qualitative and quantitative public contribution and extent of participants. At the end are given some recommendations for improvements of public participation in the future in processes mentioned before (better public information and education, in time public information, document preparation in manner understandable to public etc.). For better public participation in the processess of EIA and SEA, the cooperation and effort of both sides, public and bodies and institutions that carry out those processess is needeed. Keywords: public participation, City of Rijeka, Primorsko-goranska County, Environmetntal Impact Assessment, Strategic Environmental Assessment

Informiranje javnosti o planiranim aktivnostima – projekt HES Senj II faza

Dražen Lovri 1, Ivan Vu kovi 2

1HEP d.d.,Ulica Grada Vukovara 37, Zagreb, Hrvatska (drazen.lovric@hep.hr) 2Elektroprojekt d.d.,Alexandera von Humboldta 4, Zagreb, Hrvatska Sažetak U sklopu aktivnosti koje prethode postupku procjene utjecaja zahvata na okoliš, Hrvatska elektroprivreda d.d. izvijestila je nadležno Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša i prirode o namjeri izrade Studije o utjecaju zahvata na okoliš za projekt HES Senj II faza. U svrhu pravovremenog izvješ ivanja javnosti o svim aktivnostima na predmetnom projektu, u dogovoru s nadležnim tijelom, pokrenut je neobvezni Postupak izdavanja upute o sadržaju Studije o utjecaju na okoliš na zahtjev Investitora. U tu svrhu, od strane angažiranih Ovlaštenika, izra en je Zahtjev za izdavanjem upute o sadržaju Studije za predmetni zahvat. Za potrebe informiranja klju nih dionika i sve zainteresirane javnosti na podru ju od utjecaja od izgradnje HES Senj II faza održana su etiri ciljana izlaganja. Projekt je predstavljen predstavnicima podru ne i lokalne samouprave u Gradu Gospi u, te svoj zainteresiranoj javnosti u Gornjem Kosinju, Gradu Oto cu i Gradu Senju. U radu su analizirane klju ne poruke iznesene na javnim izlaganjima, te su iste analizirane obzirom na mjesto održavanja skupa i interese sudionika sastanka. Tako er, dana je ocjena o potrebitosti provo enja postupka izdavanja upute o sadržaju Studije o utjecaju zahvata na okoliš i pravovremenog informiranja javnosti o svim aktivnostima koji se provode na velikim energetskim projektima. Uspore uju i ukupni broj provedenih postupaka procjene utjecaja zahvata na okoliš i broj provedenih postupaka za izdavanjem upute o sadržaju Studije, može se zaklju iti da Investitori u najve em dijelu izbjegavaju pokretanje postupka definiranja sadržaja Studije. U radu se ne analiziraju razlozi izbjegavanja tog, ali se kroz konkretan primjer projekta HES Senj II faza izdvajaju prednosti dobivene provo enjem tog postupka. Klju ne rije i: informiranje javnosti, akumulacija, hidroelektrana, utjecaji

Public disclosure of the activities related to the HES Senj project - II phase

Dražen Lovri 1, Ivan Vu kovi 2

1HEP d.d.,Ulica Grada Vukovara 37, Zagreb, Croatia (drazen.lovric@hep.hr) 2Elektroprojekt d.d.,Alexandera von Humboldta 4, Zagreb, Croatia Abstract As a part of the activities preceding the procedure of environmental impact assessment, Hrvatska elektroprivreda d.d. has informed Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection of its intention of preparing Environmental Impact Study. For the purpose of adequate public reporting and informing about all activities connected to project, in consultation with competent authority, Hrvatska elektroprivreda d.d. has carried out optional process of defining content of Environmental Impact Study. For the purpose of process, authorised companies have prepared request for defining the content of Study. Key stakeholders and interested public in area under project influence were informed about project by four meetings. Project was presented to the representatives of regional and local authorities in Gospi , and to all citizens in the Gornji Kosinj, Oto ac and Senj. This paper analyses key messages presented on public meetings and respond of participants depending on their interest and location of meetings. Based on significant amount of collected information, paper has analysed necessity of the process of defining the content of Environmental Impact Study in large energy projects. Analysing the number of performed process of defining the content of Environmental Impact Study it can be concluded that Investors mostly avoiding the process. The paper does not analyse reasons for avoiding this, but through a concrete example of performing this process in project HES Senj – second phase, quote all benefits gained by performing this process. Keywords:public information, accumulation, hydropower plant, impacts

Public involvement in environmental decision making processes within Nature Park Medvednica

Nataša Lovri 1,2, Marko Lovri 1,2

1EFICEEC - EFISEE Regional Office, European Forest Institute, Zaj eva 28, Zagreb, Croatia (natasa.lovric@efi.int) 2Croatian Forest Research Institute, Cvjetno naselje 41, Jastrebarsko, Croatia Abstract This research aims to identify the stakeholder’s and citizen’s involvement within the environmental planning processes for Nature Park Medvednica, trough assessment of their level of participation and way of involvement. Nature Park Medvednica is a mountainous protected area adjacent to Zagreb, the capital city of Croatia. Its spatial planning process was taken as an example case. The phenomenology of this case is within its spanning onto thirty years long three decision making attempts while this Nature Park struggles to hold back the pressure of urbanization. Because of the inexistence of spatial plan, which is required with the Croatian laws, its area was significantly decreased in 2009 and its territory was accordingly environmentally distressed. The study was conducted in the framework of stakeholder analysis, for which a series of in-depth interviews with – identified stakeholders were performed, as well as documents concerning the spatial planning and participation process were analyzed. The data gathered explains which are the disadvantages of the three processes of the spatial plan formulation and in which way they were involving public within those decision making processes. Description of the past and current spatial planning situation of the NP Medvednica was given as well as issues and stakeholders involved concerning the creation of the spatial plan where identified. The key conflict areas that affect the formulation of spatial plan were methodologically detected and examined. The level of involvement of stakeholders in the context of fulfillment of their own interests was assessed as well as the influence on participation processes of different stakeholder groups concerning the formulation of this spatial plan. In order to have proper citizens and stakeholders involvement exercised some changes in the ordinance on informing and public involvement within environmental issues should be made accordingly. Keywords: public, stakeholders, citizens, involvement, decision making processes.

Stakeholders participation in the transposition of Natura 2000 directives in Croatian forestry

Marko Lovri 1,2, Nataša Lovri 1,2

1EFICEEC - EFISEE Regional Office, European Forest Institute, Zaj eva 28, Zagreb, Croatia (marko.lovric@efi.int) 2Croatian Forest Research Institute, Cvjetno naselje 41, Jastrebarsko, Croatia Abstract Natura 2000 is the nature protection network of the European Union, and its overall goal is to reach favourable conservation status of the habitats and species of Community interest. It is based on the Birds Directive and on the Habitats Directive, which the member states of the EU have to transpose into their legislation. This research follows such policy formulation process; the expert working group on Natura 2000 on forestry in Croatia. The task of the working group was to participate in the forestry-related part of the expert proposal of Natura 2000, under the leadership of State institute on nature protection. The expert group is composed of many stake holding organizations which have diverging opinions and information both on Natura 2000 and forestry. The research aims at explaining on how stakeholders influence this policy formulation. Data is gathered through interviews, non-participant observation, questionnaires and from secondary sources. Social network analysis is performed on quantitative data, where the interpersonal communication is founded in Friedkin`s models of interpersonal influence, and organizational data is theoretically bound in the Resource dependence perspective. Results show that the communication channels follow the patterns of interpersonal influence, which also are to a certain extent mirrored in the network of organizations whose members are in the working group. Findings support the assumption of the working group as a venue of a classical policy formulation process, in which scientific and political discourse have played an equal role. This kind of broad inclusion of stakeholders brought rise to a high level of procedural justice not usually found in the transposition of Natura 2000 among the Eastern EU members, and as such will probably contribute to diminishing of post-accession conflicts related to the implementation of the Network. Keywords: Natura 2000, policy formulation, stakeholders, participation

SEKCIJA 5 / SECTION 5

ZAŠTITA OKOLIŠA I FINANCIRANJE PROJEKATA / ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND PROJECT FINANCING

Uloga pretpristupnih programa EU i strukturnih fondova EU u ja anju infrastrukture zaštite okoliša

Marija Vojnovi

1Euroconsilium d.o.o. poslovno savjetovanje, Ivana Lu a 5, HR-10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska (marija.vojnovic@euroconsilium.hr) Sažetak Uskla ivanje s pravnom ste evinom EU za države kandidate i nove države lanice EU-a ozna ava proces uvo enja okolišnog zakonodavstva Unije u

nacionalni zakonodavni okvir. Zna ajan dio pravne ste evine odnosi se na nova pravila u sektoru gospodarenja otpadom, što uklju uje i ja anje komunalne infrastrukture. Tako je Hrvatska kroz pretpristupne fondove ISPA/IPA zapo ela izgradnju županijskih centara za gospodarenje otpadom na priobalnom podru ju. Nove države lanice su putem pretpristupnih fondova i strukturnih fondova EU znatno podigle cjelokupni sustav gospodarenja otpadom, pridonose i europskim ciljevima održivog razvoja. U radu se razmatraju razli iti aspekti koji su vezani uz pripremu, evaluaciju i implementaciju infrastrukturnih projekata gospodarenja otpadom, prikladnih za EU sufinanciranje. Iako je Hrvatska u zadnjih nekoliko godina postigla napredak u sektoru gospodarenja otpadom kroz poboljšani zakonodavni i strateški okvir, te po etak uspostave integriranog sustava gospodarenja otpadom u pojedinim županijama, analizom postignutih rezultata unutar ISPA/IPA fonda vidljivo je da se RH suo ava sa sli nim izazovima kao i nove države lanice EU-a. Kako se stjecanjem punopravnog lanstva RH u EU otvara prilika javnim kompanijama u sektoru gospodarenja otpadom za izdašnijim korištenjem EU sredstava kroz sufinanciranje projekata Europskog fonda za regionalni razvoj, ovaj rad daje strateške preporuke kako pove ati apsorpciju dostupnih EU sredstava u programskom 2014-2020. Klju ne rije i: gospodarenje otpadom, infrastrukturni projekti gospodarenja otpadom, pretpristupni fondovi EU, strukturni fondovi EU.

The role of EU pre-accession programs and EU structural funds in the fostering of environmental infrastructure

Marija Vojnovi

1Euroconsilium Ltd. management consulting, Ivana Lu a 5, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia (marija.vojnovic@euroconsilium.hr) Abstract The harmonization of EU acquis communautaire for EU candidate countries and new Member States relates to the process of transposition of EU environmental acquis into national legislative framework. Significant part of the environmental acquis introduced new regulations in the waste management sector that require strengthening of communal infrastructure. Croatia starts to build several County Waste Management Centers on the Adriatic coast by using pre-accession ISPA/IPA funds. New EU Member States have significantly enhanced their waste management sector by using pre-accession and Structural funds, thus contributing to the European sustainable development goals. The paper discusses several aspects related to the preparation, evaluation and implementation of the infrastructural waste management projects, suitable for EU co-financing. Although Croatia has recently achieved progress in the waste management sector through improvements of its legal and strategic framework, combined with establishment of integral waste management system in several Counties, an analysis of ISPA/IPA results indicates that Croatia is still facing similar challenges as new EU Member States. By receiving full membership status, Croatian public waste management companies will have opportunity to use more EU grants for projects co-financed within European Regional Development Fund. As such, this paper provides strategic recommendations how to increase absorption capacities of EU funds in the 2014-2020 period. Keywords: waste management, infrastructural waste management projects, pre-accession EU funds, EU Structural funds.

Veliki infrastrukturni projekti u podru ju zaštite okoliša - Osnovni principi pripreme projekata za prijavu na

financiranje iz EU fondova

Andreja Neral Lamza

Fond za zaštitu okoliša i energetsku u inkovitost, Ksaver 208, Zagreb, Hrvatska

Sažetak U radu je prikazan pregled EU fondova u teku em i sljede em programskom razdoblju dostupnih za financiranje programa i projekata iz podru ja zaštite okoliša. Tako er je prikazano upravljanje projektnim ciklusom s fokusom na fazu pripreme projekata te opisom i kronologijom pripreme projektne dokumentacije za infrastrukturne projekte iz podru ja zaštite okoliša potrebne za prijavu na financiranje iz EU fondova. U dijelu u kojom se opisuje dokumentacija naglašeni su osnovni zahtjevi EU vezani uz održivost i prihvatljivost projekta za EU sufinanciranje. U radu je posebno prikazana metoda izra una sudjelovanja EU fondova u financiranju projekata koji generiraju prihod. Rad uklju uje i primjer iz prakse s konkretnim izra unom iznosa EU sufinanciranja. Klju ne rije i: EU fondovi, veliki projekti, zaštita okoliša, priprema projekata

Environmental major infrastructure projects – Basic principles for preparation of projects applying for EU funds

Andreja Neral Lamza

Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund, Ksaver 208, Zagreb, Croatia Abstract This paper is providing overview of available EU funds in this and next programming period for financing the programmes and projects in the area of environmental protection. It also elaborates the project cycle management with primarily focusing on project preparation stage with description and chronology of document preparation for environmental infrastructure projects in order to apply for EU co financing. In document description emphasis was placed on justification of project viability and acceptability for EU co financing. This paper places particular accent on the method for calculation of EU contribution for the revenue generating projects. The real example of EU contribution calculation is also included. Keywords: EU funds, major projects, environmental protection, project preparation

Projekti gospodarenja otpadom - izazovi financiranja

Mustafa Nušinovi 1, Dejan Kalambura2, Sanja Kalambura3, Nives Jovi 3

1Ekonomski Institut Zagreb, Trg J.F. Kennedyja 7, Zagreb, Hrvatska (mnusinovic@eiz.hr) 2B.B.S. - Projekt, Investicijsko planiranje i projektni management, Sesvetska 21, Zagreb, Hrvatska (dkalambura@gmail.com), 3Veleu ilište Velika Gorica, Zagreba ka cesta 5, Velika Gorica, Hrvatska Sažetak Otpad je fizi ki i financijski problem, u najve em broju prilika otpad generira energetske i financijske gubitke. U Republici Hrvatskoj se dugi niz godina otpadom gospodarilo na krajnje neprimjeren i neu inkovit na in. Budu i da Republika Hrvatska ne može samofinancirati ukupna planirana ulaganja, pružena joj je mogu nost prijave projekata za sufinanciranje iz namjenskih fondova Europske unije. Izgradnja integriranog sustava gospodarenja otpadom utemeljenog na održivom razvitku omogu uje adekvatno gospodarenje otpadom od trenutka njegova nastajanja, pa sve do završne oporabe u centru za gospodarenje otpadom. Premda centri za gospodarenje otpadom ine vrlo važan segment integriranog sustava gospodarenja otpadom, ne smije se zapostaviti injenica da je centar samo jedan dio tog sustava. Zbog toga je u analiti kom i

provedbenom pogledu potrebno sagledavati cjelovitost sustava. To se osobito odnosi na izradu potrebne dokumentacije kojom se obrazlažu investicijske nakane, u emu je jedan od klju nih dokumenata Studija izvodljivosti. Klju ne rije i: integrirani sustav gospodarenja otpadom, održivost,

inkovitost, sufinanciranje, EU fondovi.

Waste Management Projects - Financing Chalenges

Mustafa Nušinovi 1, Dejan Kalambura2, Sanja Kalambura3, Nives Jovi 3

1The Institute of Economics Zagreb, Trg J.F.Kennedyja 7, Zagreb, Croatia (mnusinovic@eiz.hr) 2B.B.S. - Projekt, Investicijsko planiranje i projektni management, Sesvetska 21, Zagreb, Croatia (dkalambura@gmail.com), 3University of Applied Sciences Velika Gorica, Zagreba ka cesta 5, Velika Gorica, Croatia Abstract Waste is both a physical and financial problem. In most circumstances waste generates energy and financial losses. For a number of years in the Republic of Croatia waste had been managed in an extremely inappropriate and ineffective way. Since the Republic of Croatia cannot self-finance the total planned investments, she was given the opportunity to submit projects co-financed from earmarked European Union funds. The construction of an integrated waste management system founded on sustainable development provides adequate waste management from the moment of its creation all the way to the final recycling at the waste management centre. Although waste management centres are a very significant segment of integrated waste management system, one should not neglect the fact that the centre is only one part of this system. Therefore, in terms of analytical and organizational aspect the integrity of the system needs to be considered. This refers especially to the production of the required documentation which explains the investment intentions, with one of the key documents being the Feasibility Study. Keywords: integrated waste management systems, sustainable, efficiency, co-financed, EU funds.

Zaštita životne sredine u operativnim politikama me unarodnih finansijskih institucija koje sufinansiraju

projekte autoputeva na Koridoru X

Igor Radovi 1, Frank Ryan2, Ratko or evi 3, Mario Pokriva 4 1Koridori Srbije, Kralja Petra 21, Beograd, Srbija (i.radovic@koridorisrbije.rs); 2Egis Bceom, Trg Nikole Paši a 2, Beograd, Srbija (Frank.RYAN@egis.fr); 3DVOPER d.o.o., De anska 5, Beograd, Srbija (info@dvoper.rs); 4Dvokut ECRO d.o.o., Trnjanska 37, Zagreb, Hrvatska (mario.pokrivac@dvokut-ecro.hr) Sažetak Projekti autoputeva na Koridoru X, koji se upravo grade u Srbiji finansirani su i od strane me unarodnih finansijskih institucija. “Koridori Srbije” kao nosilac ovih projekata su u obavezi da, osim doma e regulative ispoštuju i operativne politike zaštite životne sredine Banaka koje finansiraju projekte. Svetska banka klasifikuje autoputne projekte na Koridoru X u grupu projekata za koje je procena uticaja na životnu sredinu obavezna. Zaštita životne sredine tokom pripreme i realizacije projekta obezbe uje se primenom ban ine operativne politike WB OP/BP 4.01. Evropska banka za obnovu i razvoj zahteva da projekti koje ona finansira budu održivi u pogledu uticaja na životnu sredinu i socijalno okruženje. Tokom realizacije projekata koje finansira ova Banka primenjuje se Politika zaštite životne sredine i socijalnog okruženja (EBRD Environmental and Social Policy, 2010). Evropska investiciona banka na projektu primenjuje principe i standarde u vezi sa uticajima projekata na životnu sredinu (EIB Statement on Environmental and Social Principles and Standards, 2009), kao i uputstvo (Environmental and Social Practices Handbook). Banke propisuju i mehanizam žalbe (grievance mechanism) kojim stanovništvo može direktno uticati na obustavu ili modifikaciju aktivnosti koje narušavaju zdravlje i bezbednost lokalnog stanovništva. Za svaku od deonica se izra uje i Plan Upravljanja zaštitom životne sredine (Environmental management Plan – EMP), uz obavezno u eš e javnosti. Klju ne rije i: Svetska banka, Evropska banka za obnovu i razvoj, Evropska investiciona banka

Environmental Protection in Operational Policies of International Financial Institutions that co-finance Motorway

Projects in Corridor X

Igor Radovi 1, Frank Ryan2, Ratko or evi 3, Mario Pokriva 4 1Koridori Srbije, Kralja Petra 21, Belgrade, Serbia (i.radovic@koridorisrbije.rs); 2Egis Bceom, Trg Nikole Paši a 2, Belgrade, Serbia (Frank.RYAN@egis.fr); 3DVOPER d.o.o., De anska 5, Belgrade, Serbia (info@dvoper.rs); 4Dvokut ECRO d.o.o., Trnjanska 37, Zagreb, Croatia (mario.pokrivac@dvokut-ecro.hr)

Abstract The motorway projects in Corridor X which are currently under construction in Serbia are being financed by international financial institutions. In addition to domestic regulations the “Koridori Srbije” (Corridors of Serbia) as the main contracting authority for these projects are obliged to observe the environmental protection operational policies of the financing banks. World Bank classifies the motorway projects in Corridor X to the group of projects for which environmental impact assessments are obligatory. The environmental protection shall be ensured in the course of project preparation and implementation by the application of the operational policy WB OP/BP 4.01. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development requests that the projects financed by them are sustainable with respect to environment and social requirements. The EBRD Environmental and Social Policy, 2010 shall apply to the implementation of the projects financed by this Bank. . European Investment Bank applies the EIB Statement on Environmental and Social Principles and Standards, 2009, and the Environmental and Social Practices Handbook to the projects. The Banks also stipulate grievance mechanism by which the population may have direct influence upon the suspension or modification of activities that endanger health and safety of the local population. Each motorway section shall be provided with an Environmental Management Plan-EMP, and public participation shall be mandatory. Keywords: World Bank, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, European Investment Bank

Financiranje izrade Planova aktivnosti za postoje a postrojenja

Mario Zovko

IGH Mostar, Biš e Polje bb, Mostar, Bosna i Hercegovina (zovko.mario@gmail.com ) Sažetak U tekstu se govori o problemima izrade okolišne dokumentacije u Bosni i Hercegovini. Konkretno se radi se o izradi Planova aktivnosti za postoje e pogone i postrojenja, ija je izrada regulirana postoje om zakonskom i podzakonskom regulativom. Obrazložena je trenutna situacija pri izradi dokumentacije ove vrste uz konkretne primjere. Predložen je konkretan i u detalje razra en na in za poboljšanje trenutnog stanja odnosno promjena kompletne dosadašnje prakse. Do sada je investitor (vlasnik objekta) snosio sve troškove financiranja izrade ovakve vrste dokumentacije. Suština ovog prijedloga je dio tereta financiranja skinuti sa investitora i prenijeti na organe uprave (ministarstva) koriste i ve postoje e izvore pomo i iz razli itih inozemnih i doma ih okolišnih fondova ali novog organizacijom rada ministarstava zaduženih za okoliš. Klju ne rije i: okoliš, dokumentacija, Plan aktivnosti, financiranje

Financing Action Plans preparation for existing facilities

Mario Zovko IGH Mostar, Biš e Polje bb, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina (zovko.mario@gmail.com ) Abstract The paper discusses the problems of preparing environmental documentation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is specifically about preparation of action plans for improving the existing plants and facilities, preparation of which is regulated by existing legislation and secondary legislation. The current situation in the preparation of this kind of documentation is explained with concrete examples. A concrete way to improve the current situation or a complete change of existing practice is proposed and worked out in detail. So far the investor (owner of the facility) bore all the costs of financing the preparation of this type of documentation. The essence of this proposal is to remove the burden of financing from the investor and transfer it to administrative authorities (ministries) using existing sources of assistance from various international and national environmental funds, but also with the new organization of the ministries responsible for the environment. Keywords: environment, documentation, Action Plans, financing

Održivo finansiranje zašti enih podru ja u BiH

Minela Isakovi 1, Maja Taslidži -Ša iragi 1, Esma Mani 1, Vanja urin1

1Dvokut pro d.o.o., Avde Hume 11, Sarajevo, BiH (minela@dvokut.ba) Sažetak Praksa je pokazala da se zašti ena podru ja tradicionalno oslanjaju na finansiranje od strane države. Iako su troškovi zašti enih podru ja relativno mali, za državu oni predstavljaju zna ajan iznos, naro ito u zemljama u razvoju, kao što je BiH. Stoga, javila se potreba razvoja održivog i samostalnog finansiranja zašti enih podru ja, definisanjem odgovaraju ih finansijskih mehanizama. Planom upravljanja zašti enim podru jima u BiH definišu se, izme u ostalog, tokovi novca i upravljanje njima u zašti enim podru jima. Posebna pažnja se posve uje na inu osiguranja priliva novca, kao i planiranju troškova, u skladu sa o uvanjem prirodnih vrijednosti samog zašti enog podru ja. Cilj rada je definisati i detaljno analizirati trenutne i potencijalne izvore finansiranja zašti enih podru ja. Jasno definisanim finansijskom strategijom zašti enog podru ja, osigurati e se uspješno upravljanje zašti enim podru jem, poboljšanje usluga koje se pružaju u zašti enom podru ju i naravno ostvarivanje dodatnih prihoda. S druge strane, dodatni benefiti od uvo enja održivih finansijskim mehanizama su:

- finansijska samostalnost, - optimalno korištenje i održavanje prirodnih resursa, - razvoj dodatnih usluga, aktivnosti i - unapre enje stepena zadovoljstva posjetilaca.

Klju ne rije i: zašti ena podru ja, održivo finansiranje, finansijski mehanizmi

Sustainable financing of protected areas in B&H

Minela Isakovic1, Maja Taslidzic-Saciragic1, Esma Manic1, Vanja Curin1

1Dvokut pro Ltd., Avde Hume 11, Sarajevo, B&H (minela@dvokut.ba) Abstract Practice shows that protected areas are, traditionally, financed by state. Although expenses of protected areas are very low for the state they represent a significant amount, especially in developing countries as B&H is. Therefore, it develops need for sustainable and self-financing protected areas, by defining appropriate financing mechanisms. Management plan of protected areas in B&H defines, among others, cash flows and their management at protected areas. Special attention is focused to methods of cash incomes, as well as costs planning, in accordance with the preservation of the natural values of protected area. Goal of this article is definition and detail analysis of current and potential financing sources of protected area. Clearly defined financing strategy of protected area will ensure the successful management of protected area, improvement of protected areas services and accomplish additional incomes. Additional benefits from introduction sustainable financing mechanisms are:

- financial independence, - optimal use and observance of natural resources, - development of additional services, activities and - improvement of satisfaction of visitors.

Keywords: protected areas, financing mechanisms, sustainable financing

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