Bez názvu – 2Title Bez názvu – 2 Author Žaneta Macoszková Created Date 9/27/2019 7:44:32 AM
Žaneta Ozoliņa University of Latvia. Issues to be addressed What does pooling and sharing mean? ...
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Transcript of Žaneta Ozoliņa University of Latvia. Issues to be addressed What does pooling and sharing mean? ...
Žaneta OzoliņaUniversity of Latvia
Issues to be addressed
What does pooling and sharing mean? Why now? What has been congratulated so far? Issues of concern
Is it a new concept?
“there is need for burden sharing, adequate defense expenditures, and increased cooperation”
When was it stated?
- 1988
What does P&S mean?
Sharing of capabilities: Member States provide national capabilities to common use without multinational overhead or integrated structure
Pooling of capabilities: National capabilities for common use with multinational overhead or integrated structure
What does P&S mean?
Pooling through acquisition: national capabilities do not exist and are substituted in favour of multilateral capabilities, and the multilateral organization owns the assets
Role sharing:national capabilities are relinguished on the assumption that another country will make it available when necessary. Pooling of EU Member States Assets in the Implementation
of ESDP, 2008.
Is there something new? Two substantial questions
Operational effectiveness - Does the common activity lead to the same or higher degree of operational effect
Economic efficiency - Does the common activity lead to an economically constant or even more efficient use of resources compared to a national approach?
What is the position of Member States?
France – supportive and critical about EU nations that “slash military spending”
Britain hesitant and skeptical (EDA) Majority neutral – “wait and see” policy All critical about Mrs Ashton
Why now?
Financial crisis In-put/out-put logic Increasing tasks/decreasing funds Transformation of defence forces Transformation of institutional arrangements
and their responsibilities Strengthening national capabilities
One example of the impact of financial crisis
Crisis – perspective is lost
What has been congratulated so far?
Regional initiatives (NORDEFCO)
List of common projects
Audit of capabilities
Top 10 priorities defined Counter Improvised Explosive Device (C-IED) Medical Support Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance Increased Availability of Helicopters Cyber Defence Multinational Logistic Suppor CSDP Information Exchange Strategic and Tactical Airlift Management Fuel and Energy Mobility Assurance
Issues of concern
Diversity of views on CSDP – ranging from criticism that the Member States are not delivering the military capabilities they have promised, to concern about the creeping militarisation of EU crisis management.
The EU has never deployed the EU Battlegroups. Capability generation and force generation are still not linked up.
Issues of concern
The success of the EDA is limited. Started with a broad mandate, but the
Member States imposed range of limitations.
The tiny operational budget - gives limited room for maneuver.
Issues of concern
The EU is losing its strategic scope. Member States still answer the question “why European security?” in different ways.
EEAS does not help to answer this question. Cooperation with NATO is decisive. What is the added value? How strategic is EU CFSP and CSDP?
Instead of conclusions
Each Member State should consider three key questions:
- Can national objectives be achieved without a common EU defence capacity?
- How should growing interdependencies be addressed?
- What is the price to pay to preserve national sovereignty through national capabilities?
- How to ensure effective cooperation with NATO?