Zakat Alfitr2

7/27/2019 Zakat Alfitr2

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Zakat-AlfitrPrepared by

Dr.Hussain Shehata


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In the name of Allah , the merciful ,

the compassionate

Allah , Most High , says ,

Of their wealth take alms, that so thismightiest purify and sanctify them ; andpray on their behalf , verily the prayersare a source of security for them

(At-Tawbah : 103 )


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And those in whose wealth is arecognized right for the ( needy )who asks and him who is deprived(for some reason from asking )

(Al-Ma`arij :24-25)


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The Prophet (pbuh) said ,

Zakat-Alfitr is a purification for thefasting person from vain and indecenttalk and a provision for the needy .Whoever pays it before Salat ( Eid

Prayer ) , it is an acceptable Zakat andwhoever pays it after Salat , then it is

( regarded only as ) a charity .

Reported by Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah


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Ibn Umar said ,The prophet (pbuh) prescribedZakat-Alfitr for every Muslim ; freeor slave , male or female , young orold but it should be paid before Salat(Eid Prayer)

Reported by Al-Bukhari and Muslim


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Zakat-Alfitr Zakat is a particular amount of property

that must be paid to the poor , the needyand others to purify the spirit and theproperty and to strengthen the ties ofsociety among Muslims

Zakat is of two types :

1. Zakat Al-mal2. Zakat-Alfitr


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Zakat-Alfitr is the mandatory zakatat the end of Ramadan

It is obligatory for every muslim:slave or free , male or female ,youngor old to purify the fasting person

from vain and indecent talk and aprovision for the needy .

It is called charity of Ramadan

,charity of Fitr , or Zakat of thebody and the fitr


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It purifies one's soul form theadoration of property , indigence ,and miserliness

Further , it purifies one's propertyfrom what might stain it ofabominations

It is also a cure for aliments


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The prophet (pbuh) said,

it would be better that you treatyour patients with charity

Reported by At-tabrani and Abu Na`im

charity does not decrease property Reported by Al-Bukhari and Muslim


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The legal ruling and

significance of Zakat-Alfitr Zakat-Alfitr was prescribed on the

second year of Hijrah It is obligatory as agued by mostjurists

However , some of them hold that ita confirmed Sunnah.


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Allah , Most High , says ,

And those in whose wealth is arecognized right for the ( needy )who asks and him who is deprived(for some reason from asking )

(Al-Ma`arij :24-25)

And in their wealth there is a dueshare for the beggar and the

deprived (Adh-Dhariyat : 19 )


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Ibn Abbas reported that .

the prophet (pbuh) prescribed Zakat-Alfitras a purification for the fasting personfrom vain and indecent talk and a provision

for the needy . Whoever pays it beforeSalat ( Eid Prayer ) , it is an acceptableZakat and whoever pays it after Salat ,then it is ( regarded only as ) a charity

Reported by Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah


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The prophet (pbuh) also said ,

fulfill their need so as not to ask in this day( Eid Day )Reported by Ad-Dar Qunti

Ibn Umar said ,

The prophet (pbuh) prescribed the amountof Zakat-Alfitr as Sa` (i.e , eqivalent ofabout 2.3 liters ) of dates or barely forevery slave or free muslim , male or female

, young or old . Reported by Jama`ah


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Thus , we can conclude that Zakat-Alfitris obligatory as held by majority of jurists.

The wisdom behind this is that is apurification for the fasting person fromvain , indecent and obscene talk.

In addition , it fulfills the needs of thepoor and the indigent so that they do nothave to ask others for charity on the dayof Eid


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What type of food can begiven and its substitute

Scholars disagree as to the types of foodwhich must be paid as Zakat-Alfitr.

The position of Hanbalis is that the kinds

of food which Zakat-Alfitr can be used topay are five: dates , raisin , wheat , barely, or milk .

Imam Ahmad holds that any kind of staole

grain or dates are also permissible even ifthe above five types are available


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The position of Shari's and Malikis

is that permissible to give any kind offood if it is the main staple in thecountry or the remain food of theperson

As for Hanafi school , they permitpaying the poor the wheat's value in

money and this is the most superiorpoint of view.


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Ibn Al-Qayyim highlighted thesedifferent points of view and

concluded that the prophet (pbuh)prescribed the ampunt of Zakat-Alfitr as Sa`(2.3 liters of food) of

dates , raisin , barely , or milk .

These wew the main staple food in

Medina


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If the main staple is other than that suchas wheat , rice , fig , milk , meat or fish ,

it is permissible for these to be given asZakat-Alfitr.

This is the superior point of view and is

held by the majority of jurists.

The purpose behind this is to fulfill theneeds of the poor on the day of Eid withthe same kind of staple food in their area


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The value of Zakat-Alfitr

in money Jurists disagree as to the ruling ofpaying the value of Zakat-Alfitr inmoney instead of food.

The position of Maliki , Shafi`i andAhmad is that is not permissible to

pay the value .but in some casesImam Ahmad made it permissible


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As for Abu Hanifa, he held that it

is optional to give the food or itsvalue and this was also the point ofview of Ath-Thawri , Al-HassnAl0Basri and Umar Ibn Abd-Elaziz

Ibn Taymyyiah argued that it is notpermissible to pay the value without

a particular need or interest.


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Ibn Al-Qayyim said that if Zakat-Alfitr matches the benefit of the

receiver and so as not to overburdenthem then this is a reflection of thepractical nature of Islamic Scared

Law


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The evidence cited by

the Hanafis Some jurists of the Hanafi school arguedthat what we must look for is the interestof the poor.

In Mabsut, a wellknown book Hanafis , itis mentioned that both wheat and its valuein money are permissible because the can

both enrich the poor.


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Likewise , Abu ja`far At-thawi preferredthe value in money to the food because as

soon as the poor receives the money , hecan buy what he want.

In the past it was tangible to give food asZakat-Alfitr because most of thetransaction in Medina were based onselling or buying food for food ,But today ,we use money

Thus it is better to give Zakat-Alfitr inmoney


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In Hashiyat Ibn Abdeen , it is stated thatpaying the value in money is better than in

because the poor may need some thingother than foodstuffs such as clothes etc.

Abu Yusuf , further , argued that it issuperior to give flour than wheat becausethe former can be used immediately.

But given the value in money is better thanflour.

The faster the poor can benefit from it ,the better it will be.


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In brife, the Hanafi school holds that weshould put the Poor's benefit into ourconsideration in any time or place and

anywhere

(for further reading , you can refer to thebook titled Zakat-Alfitr in Ramadn and the

value ,written by Mustafa Fawzi Ghazal )


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Many contemporary scholars like SheikhShaltut , Ghazali and Qaradawi adopted

the Hanafis point of view

It permissible also to pay the value of

Zakat-Alfitr in money and give it to anyfoundation that will distribute it.

The foundation in turn buys the mainstaple crops and distribute it


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The amount of Zakat-

Alfitr

The majority of jurists hold thatevery one should pay one Sa` (2.3liters ) of food , milk , barely , dates ,or raisin.


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Abu Saaìd Al-khudri said,in the prophet's lifetime we used to pay

Zakat-Alfitr for every one , young or old ,

free or slave , a Sa` (2.3 liters) of food,milk , barely , dates , or raisin.We remained doing that until Muàwiyyah

came to us as a pilgrim and delivered aspeech.

In this speech , he said (I think that twoMudds (2.3 liters) of Shami wheat equalsSaòf dates.

Accordingly, the people applied that . But for

me , Saaìd said , I kept on paying a Sa`during my lifetime.Reported by Jamaàh


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The Hanafis assume that what isobligatory is to pay half Sa` (1.02).

But the majority of jurists opinioni.e , to pay one Sa` of the five typesor the main staple food of the area ,is superior.


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Equivalents of contemporary

weights and measures The contemporary equivalent measures of

Sa` is as follows:

- 4 handfuls of an average man- 4 Qadahs by Egyptian weight (Shafi`i)

- 1/6 Kaila (Maliki)

- 2. 1/3 (Hanafi)


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The contemporary equivalentweights of Sa`differs according to

the stuff which is weighed :- A Sa` of wheat : 2176 grams- A Sa` of rice :2520 grams

- A Sa` of lentils :2185 grams- A Sa` of 2250 gramsThe average of such weights is

about 2250 or 2500 grams to be onthe safe side


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As stated earlier Zakat-Alfitr is to begiven from the five kinds of crops or the

main staple food of the area. For example , if the main staple food is

rice, Sa` can be measured or weighed as2.5 kilos.

Thus , a person should pay 2.5 kilos of ricefor every one for whom he is responsible.

In case of he does not have rice , he can

buy it or pay it in the same value.


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We stated earlier that some Hanafishold the view that it is permissible to

pay the value of Zakat-Alfitr in moneyfor the benefit of the poor .

They also hold that it is oermissible fora Muslim to pay a part of Zakat-Alfitr inmoney or in foodstuff according ti whatwill benefit the poor anywhere and

anytime.


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Who must pay Zakat-Alfitr

Zakat-Alfitr is obligatory for everyfree or slave Muslim. male or female,

young or old. A Muslim must pay it for himself andfor every person he is obliged to

support such as, his wife, hischildren, his slave and his parents.


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We have to bear in mind that Zakat-Alfitr is obligatory for everyone who

lives until the sun sets on the lastday of Ramadan.

This is the point of view of Shafiis ,

Hanbalis and Malikis . Accordingly ,whoever dies during

Ramadan , before the sun sets on the

last day of Ramadan , is exempted.


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Likewise , whoever has a baby on the lastday of Ramadan , should pay Zakat-Alfitrfor him .the majority jurists argue that we

should not pay zakat-fitr for an ambryo.but Imam Ahmad holds that zakat-fitr isalso obligatory for an embryo because it ispermissible to assign something in a willfor him.

Th diti d th ti


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The conditions and the timeof Zakat-Alfitr

Conditions of Zakat-Alfitr

- it is obligatory for everyone provided:

1-that he is a Muslim. Ibn Umar said,the prophet (pbuh) prescribed Zakat-Alfitr for every Muslim slave or free,male or female young or old

Reported by Jama`ah


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2-that on the night before the Eid and onEid itself is in excess of what one needsto feed oneself and those whom one is

obliged to support (this is the opinion ofthe majority)3-and that if anyone who lives until the last

dayof ramadan.


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Time of Zakat-Alfitr

It is not permissible to delay giving Zakat-Alfitr after day of Eid ( one may give it upthe Eid Prayer )

The prophet (pbuh) said ,whoever pays it before Sala (EidPrayer),it is an acceptable Zakat andwhoever pays it after Salat , then it is(regarded only as ) a charity

Reported by Abu Dawud , Ad-Dar Qutni and Ibn Majah


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Shafi`i holds that it is permissible to

give Zakat-Alfitr anytime during Ramadanup to.

Abu-Hanifa says , it is permissible to giveit before Ramadan to Eid Prayer so long as

you make this your intention. As for the position of Ibn Hazm, he

assumes that it is not permissible exceptafter dawn on the day of Eid but before

Eid Prayer


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There are also some jurists who think thatit is permissible to delay giving it evenafter Eid Prayer. But the point of view ofShafi`i school is the superior one becauseif we pay it during Ramadan , the poor can

buy what he wants for Ramadan and Eid. In doing , so , we can bring happiness tothe poor on the day of Eid.

This also gives the children of the poor a

chance to enjoy Eid like others


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It is permissible to pay Zakat-Alfitr to a

chartiable Islamic society which will Inturn distribute it on behalf of the giver ,to the poor.

It was narrated that the companions of

the prophet(may Allah be pleased withthem all) used to pay Zakat-Alfitr on thesecond half of Ramadan. Some of thempaid it one or two days before Eid


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If Zakat-Alfitr is not paid before Eidprayer , one is not exempt from it.

It becomes a debt which should be paideven after death.

The heirs must not distribute thedeceased inheritance before paying Zakat-

Alfitr for the deceased if he did not pay it


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The recipients of Zakat-

Alfitr The recipients of Zakat-Alfitr are the same asthose entitled to the Zakat-Mal. according to theQuran,

alms are for the poor , the needy , thoseemployed to administer (the funds); those whosehearts have been (recently) reconciled (to truth );for those in bondage ; those in debt (due tocalamity) ; in the cause of Allah ; and for the

wayfarer : (thus is it) ordained by Allah and Allahis the ever-Knowing , the Ever-Wise(At-Tawbah :60)


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Thus, those who deserve Zakat-Alfitr arethe poor , the needy , those who recentlyembraced or those who are about toembrace Islam (they are called thosewhose hearts have been recently

reconciled), for freeing slaves or Muslimcaptives or to pay it to their families ,and for Mujahideen , their children andtheir widows as in Palestine


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It is permissible to only assign it forthe poor and the needy as stated byMalik and Ibn Taymiyyah because the

Prophetic hadiths state that it isprovision for the needy.

This is the superior point of view.


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It is clear that poor who possesses

an amount of food in excess of hisneeds and those of those his familyfor 24 hours must also pay Zakat-Alfitr.

As he receives it this highlights thespirit of sociability between thewealthy and the poor and also

among the poor themselves


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The place in which Zakat

is paid It is better to pay Zakat-Alfitr inthe place in which one lives and fasts.However , if someone fasts in aforeign town ,(because of traveling)he should pay it therein , this isposition of Hanablis and Shafi`i is ,

because Zakat-Alfitr relates to one'sbody.


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However , some contemporary jurists holdthat it is permissible to send Zakat-Alfitr

elsewhere if the poor , the needy or anyother recipients of Zakat do not exist insuch place.

It is narrated that Sahnun said , if theImam (a leader) knows that there is apoverty in some town , he may give it to

the recipients of Zakat there.


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This is because , all about poverty ,the other Muslims should help himand this is the superior point of view.

(c.f Dr. Qaradawi , Fiqh of Zakat , vol.2, p.816.)


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Formula for calculating

Zakat-Alfitr1) Measures : One Sa` (2.03 liters of food) forevery one (i.e , it equlas 2 Qadahs of rice , wheat, barely ,corn or the main staple food)

2) Weights : 2.5 kilos of the aboce types or 5.5Ratles

3) Money : Zakat-Alfitr can be accounted and be

paid in money according to currenet prices ofthe crop he chooses during Ramadan>


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For example , if we want to assessand calculate Zakat-Alfitr on rice

and the price of rice is 1.5 per kilo,then the value of Zakat-Alfitr inmoney is 3.75 (2.5 kilos 1.5 )


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The expiation for missing

day of fasting There is scholarly consensus that

whoever deliberately breaks his fastduring Ramadan by sexualintercourse, must expiate and makeup the fast.


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Abu Hurairah reported that, a man broke the fast in Ramadan(deliberately by having sexual intercourse

with his wife). The messenger of Allahinstructed him to atone for this by settinga slave free or to fast two consecutivemonths or by feeding sixty poor people

Reported by Muslim


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Jurists deduce from this hadiththatexpiation for deliberate sexual

intercourse during the period of fastin Ramadan is the following:

1)To make up for the missed day,

2)To set a slave free,


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If this is not available or possible , onemust fast an additional period of 60uninterrupted days. and if one is not ableto fast , then he must feed sixty personsone average meal each.

The expiation mentioned in the hadith isset in orded :1)Setting a slave free,2)fasting,

3)And feeding.


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But there are some others juists who holdthat one may choose between any of theabove there forms of penalties.

The Hanafis and Malikis hold that it isobligatory for missing the fast for other

resons as such as eating deliberately.


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The amount of expiation

In the case of feeding sixty poor persons , themajority of jurists are of the opinion that heshould give every poor person a Mudd (0.5 litersof food).

But Hanafi say , he should give 2 Mudds (1.02liters)

A Mudd equals Egyptian Qadah. A Qadah equals 1.25 kilos of the main staple food,

Hence a Mudd equals 625 grams


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If we allow the majority of jurists pint ofview (one Mudd for each poor person) theamount of expiation as follows :

_ Egyptian measures

* Qadah for each poor person i.e, 30

Qadah of crops ( Qadah 60 persons)


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_ Contemporary weight

0.625 grams for each poor person i.e , 37.5 kilosof crops (0.62560 poor persons)

Thus , if someone wants to expiate for his fasting, he should buy about 37.5 kilos of rice , wheat ,beans , lentil , corn or barely and then distributeit among the poor persons as state by themajority of jurists. But if we follow the Hanafis

point of view , we should buy 75 kilos or 60Qadahs of crops

C i f i i


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Compensation for missing

a day of fasting Someone who becomes exhaustedwhen fasting because of old age or

having a chronic illness from which heis unlikely to recover , is exemptedfrom fasting provided that hecompesates for what he misses of

fasting.


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The value of compensation is to feedone poor for every day of fasting as

held by Shafi`i school of thought.But Hanafis are of the opinion thathe/she must give 2 Mudds (oneQadah i.e, 1.25 kilos)


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Dr.Yusuf Al-Qaradawi , a contemporaryscholar, holds that the above measuresand weights equal 2 full meals of the mail

staple food of the giver. Thus if we say that one meals cost is fivepounds , then the compensator should buysome food that equals ten pounds for

revery day of Ramadan he/she misses , andpay it to the poor and the needy.


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Some jurists say , it is permissible topay the value of compensation in

money . But the superior point ofview is to pay in food as stated bythe majority of jurists.


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Thank you,

Zakat Alfitr2

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