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African Transformation: The Way Forward-Facilitators Guide

Za Mkati Mwa Bukhuli

Kuthokoza 1

Gawo Loyamba: Mawu Wotsogolera pa Phukusi la African Transformation…………………3

Gawo Lachiwiri: Momwe Tingagwiritsire Ntchito Bukhuli

Mawu Wotsogolera……………………………………………………………………………………………………..…5 5

Malangizo kwa Ogwilitsa Ntchito Bukhuli…………………………………………………………..…………7 Luso La Otsogolera Zokambirana…………………………………………………………………………..……11

Gawo Lachitatu: Njira Zolimbikitsira Luso La Otsogolera....................................13

Kuwongolera Zokambirana…………………………………………………………………………………….……14 Kulingalira Maganizo Athu pa Nkhani Ya Jenda………………………………………………….………19

Gawo Lachinayi: Momwe Otsogolera Angayendetsere Zokambirana ndi Anthu Osiyanasiyana Ku Mudzi………………………………………………………………………………….…….27

Mutu 1: Mawu Wotsogolera za Maudindo Athu pa Moyo Wa Tsiku ndi Tsiku 1…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……28

Mutu 2: Maudindo Athu Pa Moyo Wa Tsiku ndi Tsiku 2………………………………………………….……45

Mutu 3: Miyambo Ndi Chikhalidwe Chathu……………………………………………………………….…………54

Mutu 4: Uchembere ndi Ubereki Pakati pa Amai ndi Abambo…………………………………………….65

Mutu 5: Matenda Opatsirana Pogonana Komanso HIV ndi Edzi……………………………………………74

Mutu 6: Chibwenzi Cha Pakati pa Anthu Osiyana Zaka……………………………………………………….85 Mutu 7: Nkhanza Pakati pa Anthu a pa Banja………………………………………………………..……………94

Mutu 8: Ubwino Wogwira Ntchito Limodzi…………….……………………………………………………………111

Zowonjezera Ndondomeko ya Kusintha kwa Munthu yoti Tilembe…………………………………………………………………126 Chitsanzo cha Ndondomeko ya Kusintha kwa Munthu… ………………………………………………….……….128 Fomu Younikira ndi Kuyikira Ndemanga…………………………………………………………………………………….129

African Transformation: The Way Forward -Facilitators Guide 1

Kuthokoza

Bukhu la otsogolera zokammbirana za African Transformation linalembedwa ndi Cheryl Richards komanso Angelica Motto. Ena omwe anaperekapo maganizo awo ndi Basil Tushabe, Nankunda Allen, Donna Sherard, Carol Underwood, Afeefa Abdur-Rahman, Cheryl Lettenmaier, Jane Brown ndi gulu la upangili la African Transformation Technical Advisory Team omwe muli anthu awa: Lopang Raboloko (Botswana), Comfort Effiom (Cameroon), Beatrice Torto (Ghana), Dr. Agnes Chimbiri (Malawi), Rose Haji (Tanzania), Audax Tibuhinda (Tanzania), Basil Tushabe (Uganda), Christine Kalamwina (Zambia), Adrian Nsefu (Zambia), ndi Simon Mutonyi (Zambia). Koyambilira kwenikweni bukhuli linasindikizidwa ndi a Health Communication Partnership and Communication Development Foundation a ku Uganda ndi thandizo lochokera ku bungwe la USAID.

Tikufunanso kuthokoza anthu onse omwe anapereka maganizo awo pakalembedwe ka bukhuli makamaka iwo omwe analola kuti nkhani za zochitika pa moyo wawo zigwiritsidwe ngati zitsanzo mbukhuli ndi cholinga choti anthu ena athandizike. Anthuwa ndi a Fortunata Mafaku, Lucretia Kimaro, Sarah ndi Abel Chikwelamwendo, Ressy ndi George Kalunga, Anne ndi Bwalya Katongo, Memory Maluwa, Tamara Banda, Ssalongo Kyendo, komanso a Prossy ndi a Luke Ssemwogerere.

Bukhu lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito ku Malawi kuno linakonzedwa pa msonkhano omwe unachitika ku Liwonde mu mwezi wa January chaka cha 2007. Msonkhanowu unatheka ndi utsogoleri wa anthu awa: Dr. Agnes Chimbiri, Amon Chinyophiro, Deidre Madise, Chris Masiku, Jeffrey Ntengula, Gray Kalindekafe, Luqman Msiya, Pierre Kogan, Flora Thomas, Ernest Pemba; Lucy Binauli, Peter Msefula, Innocent Chavinda, Henry Thoza, Jane Mweziwina, Earnest Pemba, Willie Mwaluka, Bertha Sefu, Maria Mukwala, Glory Mkandawire komanso a Kirsten Böse. Omwe analiwona ndi kuliyeneleza komaliza ndi a Beth Deutsch mothandizidwa ndi ogwira ntchito ku Malawi BRIDGE Project.

Bukhuli linalembedwa pobwerekako maganizo mmabuku ena monga awa: Manuela Ramos-Reprosalud (1998), Guía de Autodiagnóstico Movimiento; EngenderHealth and the Planned Parenthood Association of South Africa (PPASA) (2001), Men As Partners: A Program for Supplementing the Training of Life Skills Educators, Second Edition; UNICEF (1998), Games and Exercises: A Manual for Facilitators and Trainers Involved in Participatory Group Events; Welbourn A. (1995), Stepping Stones, A Training Package on HIV/AIDS, Communication and Relationship Skills; Jewkes R. and Cornwall A. (1998), Adapted Stepping Stones: A Training Manual for Sexual and Reproductive Health Communication and Relationship Skills; Kroehnert G. (1992), 100 Training Games; and Labouchere, P., Mkandawire J., Mkandawire, G., Böse, K. (2008), Bambo Wachitsanzo Malawi Users Guide– A Hope Kit Update Package of Experiential Learning Activities for Involving Men in Addressing Health and Wellness Issues.


Kuti bukhuli lilembedwe ndi kusindikizidwa anatithandiza ndi anthu a ku dziko la America kudzela ku bungwe lotchedwa United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Koma ngakhale iwowa anapereka chithandizo, zomwe zalembedwa mbukhuli ndi maganizo ndi zikhulupiriro za bungwe la Malawi BRIDGE project osati bungwe la USAID kapena boma la dziko la America.


Mawu Otsogolera pa Phukusi la African Transformation

Phukusi la African Transformation likupereka mwai kwa amai ndi abambo kuti athe kulingalira ndi kusinkhasinkha za jenda ndi kagawanidwe ka ntchito m’madera mwawo. Cholinga cha kulingalira ndi kusinkhasinkhaku ndi kuti athe kusintha izo zomwe zili zosathandiza komanso kulimbikitsa izo zomwe zili zothandiza pa miyoyo yawo. Masomphenya a phukusili ndi kudzetsa kulolerana ndi kulemekezana pakati pa amai ndi abambo komanso kuunika ndi kusintha kusiyana kodetsa nkhawa komwe kulipo pakati pa amai ndi abambo pothandiza kuti onse azitha kutenga nawo mbali mofanana popanga ziganizo komanso zokhuza miyoyo yawo. Zolinga za phukusi la African Transformation ndi zakuti abambo ndi amai apeze chidziwitso kuti athe:

• Kuvomereza kuti nkofunikira kusinkhasinkha mozama za zikhulupiriro zomwe zimatipangitsa kuti tizichita zinthu momwe tikuchitiramu, komanso maudindo ndi ziyembekezo zathu.

• Kuzindikira kuti kusiyana kwina komwe chikhalidwe chinakukhazikitsa pakati pa amai ndi abambo ndi kosathandiza.

• Kuvomereza kuti pali kusiyana kwachibadwa pakati pa amai ndi abambo.

• Kugawana mofanana komanso mwachilungamo mphamvu zakamangidwe ka mfundo za pakhomo komanso kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka katundu wa pakhomo.

• Kukhulupilira kuti angathe kusintha pa iwo okha, kusintha banja lawo komanso dela lawo lonse.

• Kutengapo mbali pothetsa mchitidwe uliwonse wosathandiza ndi kupititsa patsogolo mchitidwe wabwino.

Bukhuli lili ndi mbali ziwiri zomwe zikuthandizira kukwaniritsa masomphenya ake. Mbali ina ndi mndandanda wa nkhani zenizeni za amai, abambo, anthu ndi mabanja omwe anagonjetsa zipsyinjo mmoyo mwawo.Nkhanizi zilinso pa kanema, pa kaseti komanso zinalembedwa moti anthu angathe kuwerenga. Nkhani zimenezi zikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mbali ina yomwe lili bukhu la awongoleliri. Bukhuli likuwongolera

Gawo

Loyamba


amai ndi abambo pa zokambirana komanso mafunso zomwe zingawathandize kukambirana nkhani zokhuza chikhalidwe chawo komanso jenda. Nkhanizi zikuthandizira kuti zokambirana zikhale zakuya popereka zitsanzo zeni zeni za anthu enieni.

Ntchito zosiyanasiya zomwe zili m’phukusili zikutsamila pa mfundo ziwiri za kaphunziridwe. Mwachidule, mfundo ina ndi yomwe akunena mkulu wina wotchedwa Paulo Freire yemwe amakhulupirira kuti kuphunzira kapena kuzindikira kwa tanthauzo sikuchokera kwa akadaulo koma mukukambirana pakati pa anthu a m’dera pogwiritsa ntchito nzeru zawo (pa chingerezi

mfundo iyi imatchedwa kuti Empowerment-Education). Mkulu wina wotchedwa

Albert Bandura akuti anthu amaphunzira bwino akaona kuti wina wapindula nacho kale chomwe akufuna aphunzirecho (pa chingerezi mfundo iyi

imatchedwa kuti Social Learning Theory). Choncho kugwiritsa ntchito nkhani

za amai, abambo, anthu ndi anthu omwe anagonjetsa zipsyinjo mmoyo mwawo pamodzi ndi ntchito za mbukhuli zidzathandiza anthu kuti amve msanga polingalira za moyo wawo komanso pophunzira kuchokera kwa ena. Phukusi la African Transformation linabadwa kudzera muzokambirana ndi kutengapo mbali kwa anthu ambiri. Awa ndi amai ndi abambo ochokera mayiko asanu ndi anai a mu Africa omwe ali ndi luso losiyanasiyana pa za jenda, za chipatala, za chitukuko komanso kupereka mauthenga. Ngakhale nkhani zachokera ku Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda ndi Zambia, amai ndi abambowa komanso phukusili zikuimira zomwe anthu ambiri okhala mu Africa amakumana nazo. Zigawo za Phukusi la African Transformation: Phukusili lili mzigawo zitatu ndipo ndi izi:

Bukhu lothandizira otsogolera.

Kanema komanso ma kaseti okamba nkhani za amai, abambo anthu ndi mabanja omwe anagonjetsa zipsyinjo mmoyo mwawo.

Nkhani za amai, abambo anthu ndi mabanja omwe anagonjetsa zipsyinjo mmoyo mwawo zolembedwa kuti zithe kuwerengedwa.

Bukhu lothandizila ostogolera liri ndi zigawo zinayi ndipo zigawozi ndi:

1. Mawu Otsogolera 2. Kagwiritsidwe Ntchito ka Bukhuli M’midzi ndi Madera ena. 3. Zothandizira Luso la Uwongoleri. 4. Ndondomeko Yothandiza Wongoleri pomwe Akuwongolera Zokambirana.


Kagwiritsidwe Ntchito ka Bukhuli

Mawu Otsogolera

Omwe akuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito bukhuli: Bukhuli linakonzedwa kuti lithandize abambo ndi amai a mmatauni komanso mmadera a kumidzi azaka zoyambira 18 kufikira 50. Komabe munthu kapena bungwe lirilonse lili lomasuka kugwiritsa ntchito bukhuli makamaka ngati zolinga zawo zili kuthandizira kulimbikitsa kuchepetsa ndi kuthetsa kusiyana komwe kulipo pakati pa amai ndi abambo. Kukwaniritsa masomphenya athu pophunzira kudzera mkukambirana: Bukhu la otsogolerali lapangidwa mnjira yakuti lithe kuthandiza anthu kuti athe kulingalira za maganizo, mfundo zosiyanasiyana komanso khalidwe losiyanasiyana ndi cholinga chofuna kuthandizika pa moyo wawo. Kuphunzira kotereku kumagwiritsa ntchito ostogolera azokambirana kuti anthu athe kutenga nawo mbali pa maphunziro awo omwe. Choncho otsogolera zokambirana ndi munthu ofunika kwambiri, chomwecho bukhuli likukambapo za luso la ostogolera zokambirana lomwe lingathe kuwapangitsa kuwongolera moti ena nkukhala omasuka kupereka mfundo pagulu zothandiza eni ake komanso gulu lonse. Kuti phukusi limeneli litheke mpofunika kugwira ntchito bwino ndi anthu a mmadera kapena mmidzi momwe tikufuna kugwira ntchito kuyambira pachiyambi. Kuti mgwirizanowu utheke anthuwa akuyenera kuuzidwa bwino lomwe zolinga za phukusili komanso kufunika kwawo pogwira ntchitoyi. Monga kwanenedwera kale muntundamu, bukhuli ligwiritsidwe ntchito pamodzi ndi kanema, makaseti amawu komanso nkhani zolembedwa kuti ziwerengedwe. Nkhani za amai, abambo anthu ndi mabanja omwe anagonjetsa zipsyinjo mmoyo mwawo, zokambirana mmagulu komanso zisudzo (ma drama) zimathandizira kuti anthu athe kulingalira za moyo wawo, kupeza chidziwitso chatsopano, kuphunzira kukhala bwino ndi anzawo komanso kutha kuona nthawi zonse kuti pamakhala mwai woti nkusintha zinthu. Kufotokozera kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka bukhu la otsogolera zokambirana mwachidule: Mwachikonzero bukhu la otsogolerali likuyenera kutsatira mutu pa mutu; mwachitsanzo kuyambira muti woyamba mpaka muti wachisanu ndi chiwiri monga zilili mbukhuli. Zimenezi zili chotere chifukwa mutu uliwonse wotsatira unzake ukulimbikitsa zomwe zanenedwa mmutu winawo. Komabe poti izi

Gawo

La Chiwiri

1


sizingatheke nthawi zonse mutu uliwonse wakonzedwa kuti uthe kupereka tanthauzo paokha. Kwakonzedwanso kuti mutu uliwonse anthu awukambirane mnthawi ya maola awiri kapena kuwonjezerapo theka. Mitu yonse anthu akhoza kuyikambirana mnjira zosiyasiyana malingana ndi zosowa zawo komanso nthawi yomwe ali nayo. Mwachitsanzo, pokambirana mutu umodzi tsiku lirilonse tikhoza kukambirana kwa masiku asanu ndi atatu. Komanso tikhoza kukambirana modukiza masiku kwa nthawi yotalikirapo mwika kufika mwezi umene. Ngakhale bukhu la otsogolerali likufotokoza momwe zinthu zakonzedwera, padzafunika kuti tisinthe monga chilankhulo, mafunso komanso zitsanzo kuti tikwaniritse zolinga za gulu lomwe tikugwira nalo ntchito. Sikofunikira kufunsa funso lomwe liri mbukhuli koma okhawo omwe angatsogolere kuti anthu athe kukambirana nkumanga mfundo zowathandiza pa miyoyo yawo, ya mabanja awo komanso ya kudera lawo. Kugwira ntchito ndi abambo ndi amai molingalira za jenda: Chimodzi mwa zolinga zazikulu kwambiri za phukusi la African Transformation ndi kuthandiza abambo ndi amai kuti athe kubweretsa kusintha kwa bwino mu miyoyo yawo pomvetsetsana ndi kupanga ma ubale komanso maubwenzi mosaponderezana. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake kuli kofunika kuti pa ntchito iliyonse tiwonetsetse kuti amai ndi abambo ali omasuka komanso opanda mantha ndi cholinga choti: 1. Athe kulingalira zinthu zambiri za pa moyo mosajejema 2. Athe kusanthula mavuto awo komanso ndikupeza njira zothetsera mavutowo

3. Kukambirana za maudindo awo mmadera momwe amakhala komanso kulingalira momwe maudindo awowo angathe kupititsira patsogolo thanzi la madera awo.

Kuti anthu akhale omasuka ndikoyenera kukhala ndi chiwerengero chofanana cha amai ndi abambo pa gulu lomwe likutenga nawo mbali pazokambirana. Onse aloledwe kupereka maganizo awo, kumvetseredwa komanso kutenga nawo mbali pa zonse zochitika. Ngakhale otsogolera zokambirana akuyenera kukhala wamwamuna ndi wamkazi makamaka ngati pali zokambirana zina zomwe amai kapena abambo akuyenera kukambirana paokha asanakazipereke ku gulu lalikulu. Tisaiwale kuti zokambirana mophatikiza amai ndi abambo pamodzi ndi zachilendo kwathu kuno motero zimapereka mwai kwa amai ndi kuti aphunzire mwa mtundu wina. Pambali popereka mwai izi zithanso kubweretsa kusintha kwa malingaliro makamaka kwa otsogolera a zokambiranazo pa mfundo za jenda komanso magawanidwe a ntchito. Mu gawo lachitatu muli ntchito zina zomwe zingathandize otsogolera kuti akonzekere bwino asanayambe ntchito yawo.


Malangizo kwa Ogwiritsa Ntchito Bukhuli

A. Kodi tiligwiritse ntchito bwanji bukhuli? Zochitika zomwe zili mbukhuli zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito motere:

Ngati maphunziro achikwanekwane – kutanthauza kuti titha kukambirana mutu woyamba mpaka wotsiriza mosalekeza.

Tithanso kusankhamo mitu yina ndi yina ndikuyigwiritsa ntchito pa maphunziro ena aliwonse a zolinga zofanana ndi phukusi la African Transformation.

Ngati mbali imodzi yothandizira anthu kapena magulu a kumudzi kuti akhale ndi chidziwitso chokwanira.

B. Zinthu zofunikira pa zokambirana. Zipangizo zofunikira pomwe tikugwira ntchitoyi ndi monga:

Malo opanda phokoso pomwe anthu akhoza kukambirana mopanda kusokonezedwa.

Mapepala akuakulu olembapo, bolodi, zolembera zowala komanso choko.

Zolembapo komanso zolembera za onse otenga mbali pazokambirana. Koma ngati pali ena omwe sadziwa kulemba ndi kuwerenga tiyenera kupeza njira ina monga kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi ndi zifanifani.

Zipangizo zowonetsera kanema ndi kuyimbira makaseti kuti anthu awonere ndi kumvera nkhani za amai, abambo, anthu ndi mabanja ogonjetsa zija. Ngakhale zinthu izi zitasowa bukhuli mukhozabe kugwiritsa ntchito powerenga nkhanizi anthu ena nkumamvetsera.

C. Nanga tingayambe bwanji zokambiranazi?

Tisanayambe, nkofunika titawerenga mndandanda wa ntchito za m’phukusi la African Transformation kuti timvetse zomwe tikuyenera kuchita. Tikuyeneranso kuwerenga ntchito iliyonse payokha ndicholinga choti tithe kusankha ntchito zokhazo zomwe zikukwaniritsa zolinga zathu.

Tisanayambe ntchito iliyonse, tiyiwerenge ndi kupanga ndondomeko ya momwe titawongolere zokambirana zake. Tiwonetsetsenso kuti tikumvetsa mawu otsogolera ntchito iliyonse kuti zofunikira zonse muzikonzetseretu. Konzaninso zitsanzo zoyenera komanso mafunso oyenera dera lomwe muli. Ndipofunikanso kumvetsera nkhani za amai, abambo, anthu ndi mabanja omwe anagonjetsa zipsyinjo m’moyo mwawo zija kuti titolemo mfundo zofunikira zomwe gulu lingamakambirane tikayamba zokambirana zathu.

2


Ntchito zoti tichite nazo:

Kuonera kanema ndi kukambirana: Iyi ndi ntchito yofunikira kwambiri

pamene tikuwongolera zokambirana zathu. Kanemayu akukamba za nkhani

zoona za amai, abambo anthu ndi mabanja omwe anagonjetsa zipsyinjo

mmoyo mwa. Ntchito ina ya kanemayu ndi kukolezera zokambirana pakati

pa gulu lathu. Ngati mwai wa kanema palibe tigwiritse ntchito makaseti

omvera kapena tiwerenge nkhanizi.

Kugawana mzeru: Ntchitoyi imathandiza aliyense pa gulu kupereka

maganizo ake pa nkhani yomwe yaperekedwa. Cholinga ndi chakuti anthu

athe kupereka maganizo awo mwachangu komanso kumvetsera maganizo a

anthu ena pagulupo.

Timasewero ta pa gulu: Apa gulu limaika pa muyezo mfundo zomwe gulu

lazinena powonetsetsa kuti akugwirizana kapena kutsutsana pogwiritsa

ntchito zithunzi ndi zina zothandizira kuganizira ndi kuthetsa mavuto. Apa

gulu lonse limatenga nawo mbali moti pakutha ntchito iliyonse gulu

limalingalira momwe zokambirana zingarthandizire pa myoyo yawo.

Zokambirana mtimagulu ting’onoting’ono: Apa gulu lalikulu limagawidwa

mtimagulu ting’onoting’ono tomwe timapatsidwa mutu oti tikambirane,

kagulu kalikonse mutu wake wake. Kagulu kalikonse kamayenera kukhala ndi

anthu osachepera atatu koma osapyola asanu ndi mmodzi. Anthu amatha

kulingalira mozama ndithu pa mfundo ndi maganizo awo.

Zokambirana pa gulu lalikulu: Zokambirana izi zimabwera pambuyo pa

zokambirana za magulu ang’onoang’ono. Cholinga ndi kupereka mwai kwa

gulu lonse kuti likambirane mfundo zosiyanasiyana zochokera mmagulu

ang’onoang’ono.

D. Nanga ndi ntchito zotani zomwe tikuyenera kuchita nazo?


Malangizo kwa otsogolera zokambirana: “Tipindulanji?” Ichi ndi chomwe ntchito yomwe tikufuna kuyiyamba yikufuna kupindula.

“Chidziwitso kwa otsogolera zokambirana” (Note box): Ichi ndi chikumbutso kwa otsogolera zokambirana kuti pali mfundo zapadera ndipo akuyenera kutsindika panthawi yomwe gulu likukambirana.

“Ndondomeko ya zokambirana” (Steps): Ntchito iliyonse yagawidwa mmagawo ang’onoang’ono kuti otsogolera zokambirana athandizike posata malangizo.

E. Kodi akuyenera kutsogolera zokambirana ndi yani?

Zokambiranazi zikuyenera kutsogoleredwa ndi anthu awiri, mwamuna ndi mkazi.

Panthawi yomwe gulu lonse (lalikulu) likukambirana, otsogolera mmodzi ayendetse zokambiranazo pamene winayo akulinganiza zipangizo komanso kulemba zonse zofunikira. Awiriwa azisinthanasinthana kuti gulu liwone kuti udindo ndi wogawana pakati pa otsogolera wamkazi ndi wamwamuna.

Ngakhale otsogolera awiriwa ali ndi udindo woonetsetsa kuti zokambirana zikuyenda bwino, otsogolera yemwe asakuwongolera pa nthawi imeneyo akhale tcheru koposa. Ameneyu akuyenera kuonetsetsa ndi kulimvetsetsa gulu makamaka kuona zinthu monga kuti: Kodi amai akutenga nawo mbali monga momwe akuchitira abambo? Kodi alipo wina yemwe akuyankhula kwambiri moti nkumalephera kutenga nawo mbali? Nanga kakhalidwe kapena malo azokambiranawo zikulepheretsa kuti zokambirana ziyende bwino? Nanga pali zina zomwe zikuphophonyetsa gulu kuyika mtima pa zokambirana? Nanga kodi pali zina zomwe yemwe akutsogolerayu akuyenera kusintha kuti zokambirana ziyende bwino? Izi zidzathandiza otsogolera awiriwa kuti athe kusintha zina ndi zina pochitira ubwino zokambiranazo.

F. Ndingagwire bwanji ntchito ndi magulu?

Nthawi zina kumafunika kuti amai ndi abambo akambirane kaye paokha asanaphatikizane. Izi zimathandiza kuti magulu awiriwa amasuke pokambirana ndi kugawana mfundo zambiri zomwe angathe kuzigawananso bwino lino ndi gulu lina. Komabe nkwabwino kuti gulu mothandizana ndi otsogolera akambirane kuti njira yomwe ingawathandize ndi yiti


Pa zokambirana mmagulu aang’ono sibwino kuchulutsa anthu ncholinga chakuti onse atengepo mbali. Gulu lisapose anthu asanu ndi mmodzi.

Pokhazikitsa magulu aang’onowa tionetsetse kuti tilingalire kusiyana komwe kumakhalapo pakati pa anthu. Mwachitsanzo kumakhala bwino ngati anthu a msinkhu oyandikana atakhala gulu limodzi. Izi zili ndi ubwino wake monga: kuthandiza kuonetsera poyera kusiyana komwe kulipo pakati pa achikulire ndi achichepere komanso kuthandiza kuti achikulire asaphangire zokambirana nazo.

G. Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi moyenera:

Otsogolera akhale womasuka ndi nthawi yomwe ali nayo posathetsa zokambirana zomwe gulu likukondwa nazo chifukwa chofuna kusunga nthawi. Komanso asalole kuti gulu likambirane zina zomwe sizikuchitira ubwino zolinga ndi mutu wa zokambiranazo.

Sikoyenera kuti gulu lichite kukambirana funso lililonse lokonzedwa. Mafunso akonzedwa kuti atithandize kulingalira mitu ya zokambirana mosavutika. Nthawi zina zikhoza kutheka kuti funso limodzi chabe lithe kubweretsa mfundo zonse zoyenera. Komanso nthawi zina kumakhala koyenera kufunsa mafunso onse okonzedwa.

Otsogolera asaganize kuti ndi iye yekha yemwe ali woyenera kusunga nthawi pa zokambiranazo. Pa zokambirana za mtimagulu tating’ono otsogolera apemphe mmodzi kuti athandizire kusunga nthawi.

H. Kugwira ntchito ndi gulu la anthu osadziwa kuwerenga:

Ngati tikugwira ntchito ndi gulu la anthu osadziwa kuwerenga kapena ovutika kuwerenga tigwiritse ntchito zifanifani ndi zithunzi kuti amvetsetse. Nkofunikanso kufunsa gulu kuti linene zifanifani zomwe likufuna kuti mugwiritse ntchito kuti limve bwino. Pokhapokha ngati sakunena chilichonse mpamene otsogolera akuyenera kulowelera koma moonetsetsa kuti gulu lagwirizana nazo.

I. Kuunika zokambirana:

Pamapeto pa zokambirana zilizonse otsogolera aja akumane ndikukambirana posanthula zomwe anaona kuti zayenda bwino komanso zomwe anaona kuti sizinayende bwino. Akuyenera kukambirananso momwe angakonzere kuti zokambirana za patsogolo zikhale zopambana.

Pamapeto pa zokambirana zenizeni zotsiriza atsogolera akuyeneranso kukumana nkukambirana momwe iwo eni aonera komanso


kukambirana zomwe lanena gulu pa zokambirana zonse. Izi ziunikidwe kuti zichitire ubwino zokambirana zina zomwe zingakonzedwe patsogolo pake.

Luso la Otsogolera

Ndicholinga cha phukusi la African Transfomation kuti lithandize anthu kuphunzira kudzera mu njira zokambirana zomwe zili zoongoleredwa bwino osati mochita kuphunzitsidwa ngati ku sukulu. Kuongolera zokambirana ngati zimenezi kumafunika luso losiyanasiyana lomwe likhoza kuthandiza gulu kuti ligawane maganizo, kuphunzira kwa wina ndi mnzake, komanso kulingalira za miyoyo yawo poyesayesa kupeza mayankho a mavuto omwe amakumana nawo pa moyo wawo. Mmunsimu muli mndandanda wa luso lomwe otsogolera angagwiritse ntchito poongolera zokambiranazi. A. Kugwira ntchito ndi gulu:

Limbikitsani aliyense mgulu kuti atenge nawo mbali.

Tikhale tcheru ndi kusiyana komwe kungakhalepo pakati pa gulu lathu monga: amai, abambo, zaka, maphunziro ndi zina zomwe zikuoneka poyera kuti zikusiyana ndipo zitha kusokoneza zokambirana.

Tikhalenso tcheru ndi momwe amai ndi abambo akuchitira makamaka akakhala pamodzi poonenetsetsa kuti abambo kapena amai sakuphangira zokambirana.

Tilimbikitse kuti gulu lilemekeze maganizo awina aliyense ngakhale atakhala kut sakugwirizana nawo. Otsogolera achitenso chimodzimodzi.

Kuli kotheka komanso nkwabwino kuti otsogolera zokambirana agawane nalo gulu momwe iwo eni asinthira atawerenga, kumvera kapena kuonera kanema wa mu African Transformation. Izi zidzathandiza anthu pagululi kuti athe kukamba nkhani zawo za umwini za moyo wawo.

Tikhale ndi chidwi mu zonena za aliyense mgulu lomwe tikuchita nalo.

Aloleni anthu pa gululi kuti athe kusinkhasinkha ndi kupeza okha mayankho posachita kuwanenera.

B. Kuyendetsa zokambirana:

Monga kwanenedwera kale, nthawi yomwe yaperekedwa pa ntchito iliyonse ndi yotiongolera chabe. Ngati gulu likukambirana mfundo

3


zosangalatsa komanso zochititsa chidwi sibwino kuimitsa chifukwa chofuna kupulumutsa nthawi. Ndi bwino kudikira mpaka gulu litamanga mfundo imodzi. Komanso nkwabwino kusuntha, kuyamba ntchito ina ngati tiona kuti ntchito yomwe tinaiyambayo siyikuyenda pazifukwa zina. Chofunika kwambiri pa nthito zonse zomwe tingachite ndi gulu lathu ndi mwai womwe umakhalapo kuti anthu akambirane, kugawana nzeru, kumvetsetsana komanso kumanga mfundo zothandiza gululo komanso Madera awo makamaka pa zovuto zobwera chifukwa cha kusalemekezana pakati pa amai ndi abambo.

Tiyenera kumvetsetsa bwino kwambiri zolinga zomwe bukhu la otsogolerali likunena.

o Tionetsetse kuti ngati anthu akulephera kukambirana pali amai ndi abambo pamodzi, tiwalole kuti agawane amai paokha komanso abambo paokha asanakambirane ngati gulu lalikulu.

o Tionetsetse kuti abambo atenge nawo mbali pa ntchito zinthu zomwe zimaganiziridwa kuti ndi za amai basi: mwachitsanzo nkhani za kubeleka ndi Zipangizo komanso kusamala ana.

Tilemekeze aliyense mgulu komanso tionetsetse kuti sitikuzichotsa mgulu la anthu tikuchita nawo.

Tiyendetse zokambirana moti pasakhale ophangira kulankhula kapena ongomvetsera osayankhula. Komanso iwo omwe kuwerenga kumawavutirapo asaone ngati akusalidwa ndipo aloledwe kupereka mfundo zawo ndipo zilemekezedwe chimodzimodzi.

Tithe kumasulira bwino zolinga za ntchito iliyonse kuti gulu limvetse bwino.

Tikaona kuti pena sipakumveka kapena pakuoneka ngati gulu lasokonekera tiyenera kubwerezapo ndi kutsindika kuti pamveke ndithu.

Tiombere nkota pa zomwe gulu likunena kuti laphunzira kudzera mu zokambirana.

Otsogolera zokambirana ayenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chokwanira. Tikumbukire kuti ngakhale ntchito ya otsogolera ndi kuthandiza ena kuti aphunzire nayenso ndi ophunzira. Otsogolera zokambirana asaoneke ngati ali wodziwa ndi iye yekha basi. Koma akhale munthu omvetsera ndi kuwongolera zokambirana.

Otsogolera ayenera kufufuza ngati kudera komwe akuchitira zokambirana kuli malo omwe anthu angathe kupezako chidziwitso chowonjezera pa mitu monga nkhanza za mmabanja, Kuyezetsa magazi, kulera ndi zina.


Njira Zolimbikitsira Luso la Otsogolerali.

Nthawi zambiri otsogolera amakhala ndi luso kale mwina chifukwa cha ntchito zomwe akhala akugwira. Komabe pali luso lina lomwe taliona kuti ndi lofunikira kwambiri pa zokambirana za mu phukusi la African Transformation kotero kwakhala koyenera kunenapo zina zomwe ostogolera zokambirana akuyenera kuzikikapo. Gawo Ili likuyenera kugwiritsidwa ndi aphunsitsi oyenerezedwa kuphunzitsa otsogolera zokambirana; komabe onse omwe akukonza zokambirana molingana ndi phukusi la African Transformation akhonza kugwiritsa ntchito kuti azikike mchidziwitso ndi luso la uwongoleri. Nkoyenera kuti otsogolera zokambirana awerenge ndi kumvetsetsa zili mmusizi asanayambe zokambirana ndi gulu. Nazi zinthu ziwiri zomwe zili zikuluzikulu mgawo limeneli: A: Kuwongolera zokambirana

Ntchito 1: Kuchita ndi mafunso pa zokambirana

Ntchito 2: Kuchita ndi maganizo a gulu.

B: Kulingalira za maganizo athu pa nkhami ya jenda.

Ntchito 1: Ntchito zathu pa moyo wathu wa tsiku ndi tsiku.

Ntchito 2: Nkhani za jenda ndi kugonana

Ntchito 3: Nkhani za jenda ndi nkhanza nkhanza zomwe anthu amachitirana.

Gawo

La Chitatu


Kuwongolera Zokambirana

Ntchito ziwiri zili pansizi ndi zothandiza otsogolera zokambirana kuti athe kukonzekera bwino zinthu zikuluzikulu zofunika pomwe tikuchita ndi mafunso pa nthawi yomwe tikuwongolera zokambirana.

Ntchito 1: Kuchita ndi mafunso pa zokambirana Nthawi: Ola limodzi ndi Mphindi 20 (1 hr 20 minutes) 1: Fotokozani za ntchitoyi: Fotokozani za ntchitoyi kwa otsogolera motere: Ntchito yayikulu ya mafunso ali mbukhuli ndi kuthandiza ndi kulimbikitsa kukambirana ndi kugawana nzeru pakati pa omwe akutenga nawo mbali pa zokambirana. Mafunsowa sadzafuna mayankho okhonza koma mukukambiranamo gulu lidzapindula.Izi zitanthauza zinthu ziwiri zofunikira kwambiri: Chinthu choyamba ndi chakuti mafunsowa asatimangilire. Otsogolera zokambirana akhale omasuka kuwasintha kapena kuwafunsa mwa njira yakuti amveke bwino ndi kudzetsa kukambirana. Chinthu chachiwiri ndi chakuti funso ndi poyambira chabe pa zokambirana. Tisakopeke ndikuyamba mutu chifukwa anthu awiri kapena atatu ayankha funsolo. Tilimbikitse onse kuti ayankhule maganizo awo pa nkhani yomweyo. 2: Yeselerani kuchita ntchitoyi mmagulu: Kuti mukonzekere bwino zafotokozedwa pa mwambazi, tigawane magulu awiri la amai pa lokha komanso la abambo pa okha. Maguluwa akhale ndi anthu pakati pa asanu ndi asanu ndi mmodzi. Gulu lililonse lisankhe pakati pawo munthu yemwe atsogolere zokambirana za gulu lawo. Gulu lililonse lipatsidwe funso limodzi kuti achite nalo pamene kukambirana. Mafunsowa akhale monga ali m’munsiwa:

Chidziwitso kwa otsogolera: Ngati pali otsogolera akutsogolera zokambiranazi,

atsate ndondomeko monga momwe yafotokozedwera mmunsimu. Koma ngati mulipo

nokha, werengani zonse ndikulingalira mayankho anu ku mafunso moona mtima.

A

.


Mutu: Kumvetserana pakati pa amai ndi abambo (kuchokera pa mutu wa

“Maudindo ndi chikhalidwe chathu”)

Mafunso kwa kagulu ka amai:

Chomwe chimakusangalatsani kukhala amai ndi chiyani?

Kodi nanga ndi chiyani chomwe chimapangitsa kuti kukhala mai kukhale

kovuta makamaka ku dera kwanu kuno?

Kodi chofunika ndi chiyani kwa abambo kuti awamvetsetse bwino amai?

Ndi chiyani chomwe chimakuvutani kumvetsa ckokhudza abambo?

Nanga abambo achite chiyani kuti athandizire bwino moyo wa amai?

Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe simufuna mutamva chonenedwa chokhuzana ndi

amai?

Mafunso kwa kagulu ka abambo:

Chomwe chimakusangalatsani kukhala abambo ndi chiyani?

Kodi nanga ndi chiyani chomwe chimapangitsa kuti kukhala bambo

kukhale kovuta makamaka ku dera kwanu kuno?

Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe mumafuna amai atamvetsetsa ckokhuzana ndi

abambo?

Ndi chiyani chomwe chimakuvutani kumvetsa chokhuza amai?

Nanga amai achite chiyani kuti athandizire moyenera moyo wa abambo?

Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe simukufuna mutamvanso chokhuzana ndi

abambo?

3: Mvetserani ndi kuwonetsetsa kenako kambiranani. Otsogolera mmodzi ayendetse zokambirana za gulu lake kwa phindi khumi kapena khumi ndi zisanu. Pamene akuwongolera ameneyu gulu lina lija liwonetsetse ndi kumvetsera mozama. Pakutha pa ntchito imeneyi gulu limaonera lija lipereke ndemanga ndi momwe zokambirana zayendera makamaka ndi momwe otsogolera wachitira ntchito yake. Gulu la amai ndi la abambo akumane kuti agawane momwe zokambirana zawo zayendera.

4: Ntchitoyi ichitidwenso ndi gulu lina. Mubwereze ntchito yonseyi ndi gulu lina.


5: Womberani nkota. Mukamaliza otsogolera awombere nkota pa mfundo zonse zomwe gulu lakambirana powafotokozera otsogolera ena aja zomwe akuyenera kukakamba kuti akhale otsogolera opambana. Pofika apa agwiritse ntchito zitsanzo zochokera muzokambirana zomwe amaliza kumenezi mochita kuyerekeza ndithu. 6: Timalize ntchitoyi powunikiranso mfundo zofunikira kwambiri kuti zisayiwalike monga izi:

Mafunso ayenera kuthandizira kumasula anthu kuti akambirane ndi kugawana nzeru momasuka.

Palibe mayankho okhoza pa mafunso amenewa.

Tilimbikitse aliyense kuti ayankhule maganizo ake.


Ntchito 2: Kuchita moyenera ndi maganizo a gulu Nthawi: Ola limodzi ndi Mphindi 20 (1 hr 20 minutes) 1: Fotokozani za ntchitoyi. Fotokozerani za ntchitoyi kwa otsogolera motere: Nthawi zonse otsogolera ayenera kulimbikitsa zokambirana kuti zipitilire kufikira okambirana nawo amasuke nkuyamba kutulutsa mfundo zokhuzana ndi chikhalidwe chawo momwe angathere. Okambirana ayeneranso kulimbikitsidwa ndi otsogolera kuti ngati angathe apereke maganizo a momwe angasinthire zinthu kuti zikhale bwino. Koma potero otsogolera zokambirayo asakhale ngati akuweruza zikhulupiriro za anthu ena a pagulupo. Mwachitsanzo asanene kuti chomwe mwanenacho sichoona”. Ntchito ya otsogolera ndi kufunsa mafunso omwe angathe kupangitsa anthu okambirana athe kuganiza mozama pa mfundo zomwe zili pa bwalopo.

2: Yeselerani kuchita ntchitoyi mmagulu. Kuti tithe kuyeselera zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwamba zija tiyeni tigawe gulu lathu mmagulu awiri ophatikiza amuna ndi akazi okhala anthu pakati pa asanu ndi asanu ndi mmodzi. Pemphani gulu lirilonse kuti lisankhe pakati pawo mmodzi oti kuti atsogolere zokambirana zawo. Gulu lirilonse lipatsidwe limodzi mwa ziganizo ali mmunsimu. Ili lidzakhala ngati ganizo la gulu lomwe likuyenera kupereka mfundo zogwirizana nalo ganizoli pa nthawi yokambirana.

“Amuna ndiwo ayenera kutenga minda ya makolo awo chifukwa chikhalidwe chathu chikutero.”

“Nthawi zina nkwabwino kuti mwamuna amenye mkazi wake, mwachitsanzo ngati sakugwira ntchito za makhomo kapena ngati akuyenda ndi mwamuna wina.”

“Ndi akazi wokha omwe angathe kukatuta nkhuni, kutunga madzi ndi kuphika chifukwa iwowa ntchito yawo ndi ya pakhomo.”

3: Pangani sewero losonyeza zokambiranazi. Apempheni magulu aja kuti abwere pakati pa chipinda chomwe mukuchitira zokambirana ndipo akambirane ganizo lomwe apatsidwa pomwe ena akuonera. Otsogolera gulu limene likukambiranali apeze njira zofunsira mafunso omwe angapagitse gululo kukambirana mozama komanso mosiyana ndi momwe amaganizira masiku onse. 4: Kambiranani zomwe mwawona msewero. Pakatha mphindi khumi kapena khumi ndi zisanu, pemphani gulu lomwe limawonera ndi kumvetsera kuti lipereke ndemanga ndi maganizo awo pa momwe wagwirira ntchito otsogolera zokambirana powona zomwe zinayenda bwino komanso zomwe sizinayende bwino. Afotokozenso momwe akuganizira kuti otsogolerayu anayenera kuchitira.


5: Chitaninso ntchitoyi ndi gulu lina. Mubwereze ntchito yonseyi ndi gulu lina. 6: Womberani nkota. Pamapeto pake womberani nkota pa momwe ntchito yayendera makamaka powunikira zomwe zinayenda bwino komanso zomwe sizinayende bwino pakawongoleredwe ka zokambiranazo. Tifotokoze kudzera mzitsanzo njira zina zomwe zili zothandiza pakawongoleredwe ka zokambirana. Mbokosi liri mmusili muli chitsanzo chomwe tingagwiritse ntchito powunikira mbali ngati imeneyi.

Chitsanzo: Ngati wina mgulu lathu anganene zinthu monga “Amuna ndi

omwe akuyenera kutenga minda ya makolo awo chifukwa miyambo ikutero,”

otsogolera asanene kuti zomwe zanenedwazo ndi zopanda nzeru koma

ayesetse kumupangitsa munthuyo kuganizira mfundoyi mnjira ina yosiyana

ndi momwe akuganiziramo. Otsogolera asate ndondomeko ili mmunsiyi:

1: Amufunse nchifukwa chiyani iye akuganiza chomwechi.

Kodi mungathe kutiuza kuti nchifukwa chiyani inu mukuganiza kuti amuna

okha ndiwo ayenera kutenga minda ya makolo awo?

2: Funsani funso loti afotokoze pomwe pakutsamira ganizo lawo.

Monga mukutanthauza kuti ndi amuna okha omwe angathe kugwira ntchito

ku munda? Nanga alipo amai omwe mumawadziwa omwe ali alimi? Nanga

mmene mukuonela inu ndi bwino kuti omwe amalima asakhale ndi munda?

Nanga munamvako komwe amai anatenga mmunda wa makolo awo? Nanga

zitatero chinachitika nchiyani?

3: Funsaninso ena kuti apereke maganizo awo pa nkhani imeneyi

Nanga enafe tikuganiza bwanji pa nkhani imeneyi?

4: Perekani maganizo anu powonjezera pa zomwe gulu lanena mosiyana

ndi zomwe maganizo oyamba aja akunena.

Monga ena mwanena kale nkofunika tonse timvetsetse kuti amalima sibwino

kuti asakhale ndi malo. Chimodzimodzi ngati amai angalime akhozanso

kusamalira malo omwe akulimawo. Tawonanso kuti abambo ndi amai, onse

akhoza kuphunzira kugwira ntchito zambiri.


7: Timalize ntchitoyi powunikiranso mfundo zikuluzikulu zokhuzana ndi kuwongolera zokambirana.

Tisamuuze munthu kuti wanena zaboza kapena zopanda nzeru.

Tifunse mafunso omwe angapangise gulu kulingalira mozama pa

mutu omwe waperekedwa kuti tiukambirane.


Kulingalira za Maganizo Athu pa Nkhani ya Jenda

Fotokozerani za ntchitoyi: Fotokozelani otsogolera za ntchitoyi motere: Anthufe tili ndi maganizo osiyanasiyana pankhani ya jenda. Ngakhale nthawi zina timadziwa kuti nkofunika kuganira mozama za maganizo athuwa, timachitabe zinthu molingana ndi momwe takhala tikuganizira.Nkofunika makamaka kwa ife monga otsogolera zokambirana kuti tizimvetsetse tokha pa momwe tikuganizira pa nkhani ya jenda. Izi zidzatithandiza kuthandiza ena omwe tidzakhale ndi mwai okambirana nawo kuti nawonso adzathe kulingalira mozama za maganizo awo.

Mu ntchitoyi tizachita tintchito tina tingapo tomwe tidzampatse otsogolera zokambirana mwai kulingalira za mitu yinayi yokhuzana ndi jenda omwe ili maphata a zokambirana zathu ndi anthu. Mituyi ndi iyi:

Maudindo athu pa moyo wathu wa tsiku ndi tsiku.

Jenda pa nkhani zogonana

Jenda molingana ndi nkhanza zomwe anthu amachitirana.

Jenda ndi kutenga nawo mbali popereka maganizo. Ntchito 1: Maudindo athu pa moyo wathu wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Nthawi: Mphindi 40

1: Gulu loonse likambirananenso.

a. Choyamba pemphani otsogolera kuti akumbukire nthawi yomwe anamva koyamba maganizo monga awa:

“Abambo ndi amai asakanizidwe kutenga nawo mbali pa ntchito iliyonse chifukwa chokhala mwamuna kapena mkazi.”

“Abambo ndi amai akhoza kuchita chilichonse ataphunzitsidwa.”

b. Kenaka funsani mafunso otsatirawa:

Nanga ndi udindo uti kapena ntchito iti yomwe anaiwona kapena amaiwona kukhala yovuta kwa munthu wa mkazi?

Chidziwitso kwa otsogolera: Ngati pali otsogolera akutsogolera zokambiranazi,

atsate ndondomeko monga momwe yafotokozedwera mmunsimu. Koma ngati mulipo

nokha, werengani zonse ndikulingalira mayankho anu ku mafunso moona mtima.

Chidziwitso kwa otsogolera: Ganizo lakuti abambo ndi amayi asaletsedwe kugwira

ntchito iliyonse chifukwa ndi abambo kapena amai komanso kuti onsewa akhoza kugwira

ntchito iliyonse ataphunzitsidwa ndi ganizo lachilendo mmadera ambiri. Pachifukwa ichi

ena sadzafuna kumvetsera komanso adzapangitsa ena kuti awone ngati izi ndi zankutu.

B


Nanga ndi udindo uti kapena ntchito iti yomwe anaiwona kapena amaiwona kukhala yovuta kwa munthu wa mwamuna?

2: Lembani mayankho onse pa pepala lalikulu. Pepalali ligawidwe magawo awiri kuti zomwe anena amai zilembedwe pazokha komanso zomwe anena abambo zilembedwe pa zokhanso. 3: Sankhani mayankho angapo kuchokera pagawo lililonse makamaka omwe atchulidwa kwambiri ndipo muwakambirane mayankhowo ndi gulu lonse polingalira zifukwa zomwe aperekera maganizo oterewo. 4: Kuwombera nkota. Tiwombere nkota pokumbutsa otsogolera zokambirana kuti akumbukire mfundo zili mmunsizi.

Ngati mpofunika kuganizira mozama za jenda kuti tisalimbikitse mfundo zina zomwe zili zolimbikitsa mkhalidwe wosathandiza.

Kumbukirani kuti kusasiyana pakati pa amai ndi abambo ndiyo ngodya yayikulu kwambiri mu phukusi lathuli.

Ntchito 2: Jenda pa nkhani zogonana. Nthawi: Mphindi 40 1: Fotokozani za ntchitoyi. Fotokozani za ntchitoyi kwa otsogolera zokambirana motere:

Chikhalidwe chathu chomwe chimapangitsa kuti tizichita zinthu momwe timachitiramu ngati abambo kapena amai mmadera mwathumu ndi chomwe chilinso magwero a mavuto omwe timakukamana nawo pankhani zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo amai amalephera kukambirana ndi amuna awo za makondomu poopa kutchedwa “achimasomaso” kapenanso kumenyedwa kumene. Izi ndi zomwe zimapangitsa abambo kukhala ndi zibwenzi zochuluka ati kuti awonetse kuti iwo ndi amunamuna.

Ndi chikhalidwe chomwechinso chomwe chimapangitsa abambo ndi amai kuti alephere kudziteteza ku matenda opatsirana pogonana komanso kachirombo ka HIV.

Pa chifukwa ichi phukuili chikufuna kuthandiza onse wotenga nawo mbali kuti athe kuganizira mozama za chikhalidwe ndi momwe chikhalidwechi chikukhuzira nkhani zogonana komanso thanzi molingana ndi kugonana.

Kuti tithe kuthandiza anthu omwe tikugwira nawo ntchito kuti amvetsetse bwino, ife monga otsogolera zokambirana tiyenera kulingalira za maganizo athu pa nkhaniyi.


2: Kambiranani mmagulu a amai paokha, abambo paokha. Gulu la otsogolera zokambirana ligawidwe pawiri kuti pakhale gulu la abambo komanso gulu la amai ndipo akambirane izi: Mafunso woti likambirane gulu la abambo:

Kodi abambo ambiri amayembekezera kuti akazi awo azilola nthawi zonse pomwe iwo akufuna kugonana nawo? Nanga chiyembekezo chimenechi chimachokera pati?

Kodi abambo ambiri akhoza kuyankha motani atakhala kuti akazi awo sakufuna kapena akunyinyilika kuti agonane?

Kodi abambo ambiri amakhulupilira kuti ndi iwo okha omwe akuyenera kuyambitsa zogonana? Nanga nchifukwa chiyani?

Kodi abambo ambiri angaganize chiyani mkazi atawapempha kuti agonane pogwiritsa ntchito kondomu? Chifukwa chiyani?

Kodi abambo ambiri amaganiza chiyani pa nkhani yoti abambo ndi amai ali nako kuthekera koti nkuganiza chochita kapena choti asachite pankhani yogonana?

Mafunso woti likambirane gulu la amai:

Kodi amai amatha kupereka maganizo awo pa nkhani yogonana? Chifukwa chiyani?

Kodi amai ambiri akhoza kuganiza chiyani za mwamuna yemwe nthawi zina amadikira kuti mkazi ayambitse? Chifukwa chiyani?

Kodi amai ambiri akhoza kumasuka kumuuza mwamuna kuti avale kondomu asanagonane? Chifukwa chiyani?

Kodi amai ambiri amaganiza bwanji pa nkhani yakuti abambo ndi amai ali ndi kuthekera kofanana popereka maganizo awo pa zogonana?

3: Ntchito za magulu awiliwa tizikambirane pagulu lalikulu. Magulu awiri aja abwele malo amodzi kuti akambirane mfundo zikuluzikulu zochokera ku magulu ang’onoang’ono aja. 4: Kulingalira zomwe zaperekedwa ku gulu lalikulu. Atatha kunena zomwe anakambilirana magulu awiri aja, tiwafunse otsogolera zokambiranawa kuti akambirane za zomwe zimawalepheretsa iwowo kuti aganize kuti abambo ndi amai akhoza kupereka maganizo mofanana pa nkhani zogonana.

5: Kuwombera nkota. Timalize ntchitoyi powakumbutsa otsogolera zokambirana mfundo zofunikira zili mmunsizi kuti zisaiwalike.

Nkofunikira kuti tilingalire kwambiri pa nkhaniyi ncholinga chakuti tikathe kuthandiza anthu omwe tikawatsogolere pa zokambirana kuti akathenso kulingalira mozama zomwe zimalepheretsa amai kupereka maganizo awo pa nkhani zogonana.


Monga otsogolera zokambirana, tiyenera kukhala osamala kuti tisalimbikitse zikhulupiliro ndi maganizo oipa zomwe anthu amawaganizira abambo ndi amai.

Kumbukirani kuti kusasiyana pakati pa amai ndi abambo pa nkhani iliyonse kuphatikizapo pa nkhani yogonana ndiyo ngodya yayikulu kwambiri mu phukusi lathuli.


Ntchito 3: Jenda molingana ndi Nkhanza zomwe anthu amachitirana. Nthawi: Mphindi 40 1: Fotokozani za ntchitoyi. Fotokozerani za ntchitoyi motere:

Nkhanza pakati pa anthu a pabanja, makamaka abambo kuchitira amai zimachitika mmadera ambiri. Koma ndi zomvetsa chisoni kuti timazivomereza ngati kuti ndi momwe ziyenera kukhalira.

Choncho, pa nthawi ya zokambiranazi abambo komanso amai adzafuna kupereka zifukwa zowonetsa kuti palibe vuto kuti nkhanzazi zizichitika nthawi zina. Mwachitsanzo, akhoza kunena kuti ngati mai sanamalize ntchito ina yomwe amayenera kuyigwira.

Nkhaniyi ndi yovuta kwambiri ndipo ndiyofuna kuyitenga bwino chifukwa ena mwa omwe akutengapo mbali pa zokambirana nawonso amachitilanso nkhanza akazi awo.

Monga otsogolera, tikuyenera kusamalitsa pokambirana nkhaniyi komanso tikhale omasuka kuti tilingalire maganizowo ngakhale ali ovomerezeka.

2: Kambiranani mmagulu a amai paokha, abambo paokha. Gulu la otsogolera zokambirana ligawidwe mmagulu awiri okhala ndi amai komanso abambo paokha. Maguluwa akhale ndi anthu osachepera atatu komanso osaposera asanu ndi mmodzi. Ayankhe mafunso ali mmunsimu:

Kodi kapena ndi bwino kuti nkhanza pakati pa anthu a pabanja zidzichitika nthawi zina?

o Ngati akuti inde, afotokoze nthawi yomwe akuona kuti nkhanza ndizofunikira.

o Ngati akuti ayi, afunseni kuti aganizilebe nthawi yomwe kungakhale kofunika kuti abambo kapena amai achitire nkhanza akazi kapena amuna awo.

3: Kufotokozerana zomwe akambirana magulu. Magulu onse abwere malo amodzi kuti afotokozerane zomwe akambirana. Akhoza kufotoza kudzera mu sewero ngati akufuna kutero.

4: Fotokozani mwa chidule mfundo zikuluzikulu kuchokera ku magulu aja zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu achitirane nkhanza. Magulu onse akafotokoza zomwe anakambirana mmagulu awo, pemphani gulu lonse kuti ligwirizane zifukwa zikuluzikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu achitirane nkhanza. Akambiranenso kuti nchifukwa chiyani mmadera mwathumu timalolerabe nkhanza ngati chinthu chovomerezeka.

5: Gawaninso magulu awiri, amai paokha, abambo paokha. Otsogolera agawidwenso mmagulu awiri ndipo afunsidwe kuti aganizire ndi kulingalira njira


zothetsera kusamvetsetsana komwe akutchula pa mwambapa koma mosagwiritsa ntchito nkhanza 6:Kufotokozera gulu lonse. Otsogolera afunsidwe kuti afotokoze zomwe akambirana mmagulu awo aja. Izi akhoza kufotokoza kudzera mu sewero ngati atafuna. Akamaliza kufotokoza onse, gulu lonse likambiranenso zomwe zafotokozedwa zija pofunsa funso monga ili: “Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe abambo ndi amai akuyenera kuchita kuti zomwe takambiranazi zitheke?”

7: Kuwombera nkota. Timalize ntchitoyi polikumbutsa gulu mfundo zikuluzikulu zili mmunsizi kuti zisaiwalike.

Phukusili likuyimiranso pa ngodya yoti nkhanza za mtundu wina uliwonse ndi zosavomerezedwa ndipo nkhanza sizingathandize kuthetsa kusamvana kwina kulikonse.

Pa nthawi zonse pomwe tikukambirana mutu umenewu tilithandize gulu kuti lilingalire mozama ndi kupeza njira zina zothetsera kusamvana ndiponso kuti lizindikire kuti nkhanza ndi zoipa kwa munthu ochitiridwayo, kwa banja komanso mudzi onse.


Ntchito 4: Jenda molingana ndi kutenga nawo mbali popereka maganizo. Nthawi: Mphindi 40 1: Fotokozani za ntchitoyi. Afotokozereni otsogolera motere:

Cholinga china cha phukusi limeneli ndi kuthandiza abambo ndi amai kuti adziwe kuti ndi koyenera kuti abambo ndi amai azitenga nawo mbali mofanana pomanga mfundo zokhuza miyoyo yawo.

Nkofunikanso kuti abambo ndi amai agawane mofanana mwai otenga nawo mbali ndi kumanga mfundo. Izi zichitike pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana monga mbanja pa nkhani za Zipangizo, ubereki, kulera ndi kasamalidwe ka chuma ndi katundu wa pa banja. Komanso mmudzi mwathu pa nkhani monga kugwirira ntchito pamodzi potukula mudzi kapena dera lathu.

2: Ntchito ya mmagulu a abambo paokha komanso amai paokha. Otsogolera agawidwe mmagulu a abambo paokha komanso amai paokha ndipo maguluwa akhale ndi anthu osachepera atatu komanso osaposa asanu ndi mmodzi. Kenaka apemphedwe kuti alingalire momwe amamangira mfundo zawo ndi okondedwa awo pa zinthu zili mmunsizi:

Kulera Zipangizo ndi ubereki Maphunziro a ana anu Kasamalidwe ka chuma ndi katundu wa pa khomo panu.

Pa mutu uli wonse uli pa mwambapa ganizirani mafunso awa:

Yemwe amagamula nthawi zambiri ndi yani ndipo nchifukwa chiyani zili choncho?

Ndi zovuta ziti zomwe mumakumana nazo pofuna kulankhula ndi okondedwa wanu kuti mumange mfundo?

Nanga kodi mukuchitapo chiyani kuti zinthu zisinthe ndipo kuti muzitenga mbali mofanana?

3: Kufotokozera gulu lonse. Pa nthawi iyi pemphani magulu onse kuti abwere malo amodzi kuti athe kufotokozera gulu lonse zomwe akambirana mmagulu awo.

4: Womberani nkota pobwereza ndi kusula mfundo zikuluzikulu zomwe zabwera kuchoka mmagulu muja. 5: Kambiranani mafunso aja ngati gulu lonse: Mutatha kuwomba nkota pa zomwe magulu akambirana mmagulu mwawo ndi kufotokozeranso gulu lonse, mulipemphe gulu lonse kuti liganizire momwe abambo ndi amai amatengera


nawo mbali pomanga mfundo zokhuza midzi kapena madera awo. Funsani mafunso awa:

Mudzi kapena dera lanu likamanga mfundo kuti tipanga chakuti, kodi abambo ndi amai amatenga nawo mbali bwanji?

Kodi ndi yani yemwe amagamula kuti tipanga chakuti? Nanga nchifukwa chiyani zimatere?

Kodi nchiyani chingalepheletse abambo ndi amai kutenga nawo mbali mofanana pomanga mfundo zokhuza mudzi kapena dera lawo?

Nanga mukuchitapo chiyani kuti izi zisinthe? Nanga ngati simukuchita kanthu, ndi chiyani chomwe tingachite?

6: Womberani nkota pokumbutsa otsogolera zokambirana mfundo yayikulu ili mmunsiyi kuti isaiwalike.

Nkofunika kwambiri kuti abambo ndi amai onse atenge nawo mbali mofanana pomanga mfundo zokhuza mabanja kapena madera awo kuti mabanja ndi maderawo atukuke mosavuta.


Ndondomeko Yothandiza Otsogolera zokambirana Potsogolera Zokambirana ku Midzi

Gawo

La Chinayi


Mawu Wotsogolera pa Zokambiranazi; Maudindo Athu pa Moyo wa Tsiku ndi Tsiku 1

Nthawi iyi ndi yakuti anthu adziwane wina ndi mnzake. Ndi nthawinso yakuti anthu anene ziyembekezo zawo komanso kumva zolinga ndi mitu ikuluikulu ya msonkhano. Msonkhano udzayamba ndi kuwonera komanso kukambirana za kanema okhudza maudindo athu pa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Mu kanemayu muli nkhani ya Ssalango Abubaker Kyendo. Ssalango ndi bambo yemwe anasankha kusamalira ana ake pa yekha mkazi wake atamwalira ndi matenda a Edzi.

Mutu 1


Zolinga zathu: Zolinga za zokambirana izi ndi: Kudziwana wina ndi mnzake. Kuwunikira zolinga za wina aliyense zobwerera ku msonkhanowu. Kuwonetsetsa kuti aliyense ali omasuka. Kudziwa zolinga za msonkhanowu komanso kukambirana mitu

ikuluikulu yomwe ikhale ikutuluka pa msonkhanowu. Kuwunikirana za maudindo a abambo ndi amai a tsiku ndi tsiku. Kuphunzira momwe tingaphunzilire kudzera mukuwonera ndi

kumvetsera nkhani za mu kanema. Nthawi:

Ola limodzi ndi mphindi 30 (1 hr ndi 30 minutes)

Zochita: 1. Kudziwana wina ndi mnzake. 2. Kunena ziyembekezo ndi kupanga malamulo a msonkhano. 3. Kufotokozera za msonkhano komanso mitu ikuluikulu. Kukambirana kuti jenda nchiyani: Kodi abambo ndi amai akuyenera

kukhala ndi kuchita motani? Kukambirana za kusiyana komwe kulipo pakati pa abambo ndi

amai. Kukambirana za kutenga nawo mbali mofanana pomanga mfundo:

kodi akuyenera kutenga nawo mbali ndani? Kukambirana za kulingalira ndi kusinkhasinkha mozama.

4. Kudziwako za maudindo athu a pa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku kudzera mu nkhani ya Ssalongo. 5. Kulingalira za “kusintha” kwabwino pa nthawi yonse ya msonkhano.

Zida zofunika: Kanema wa nkhani ya Ssalongo Abubaker Kyendo. Mapepala akuluakulu. Zolembera zowala. Zida zowonetsera kanema ndi wailesi yoimbira makaseti. Pepala lolembapo ndondomeko yakusintha kwa maganizo (kwa

iwo wodziwa kuwerenga ndi kulemba) Kumbukilani Nthawi zonse wonetsetsani kuti ngati wina watchula choti chikhoza kulimbikitsa mchitidwe ndi zikhulupiliro zosakhala bwino, mulilole gulu

kuti likambirane.


Kudziwana Wina ndi Mnzake

Nthawi: Mphindi 25 Tipindulanji? Izi zithandiza anthu kuti ayambe kulankhulana komanso kudziwana wina ndi mnzake. Zithandizanso anthu kudziwa makhalidwe a amzawo pa gululi komanso kuti amasukilane.

1: Muwadziwitse anthu kuti inu ndinu otsogolera zokambirana pa msonkhanowo. Awuzeni dzina lanu, zaka zanu komanso ngati muli pa banja kapena simuli pa banja. Fotokozaninso ntchito yanu monga otsogolera zokambirana. Mukhoza kulankhula motere:

Ndikhala ndikuwongolera zokambiranazi, kufunsa mafunso komanso pena kuwonjezera pa zomwe tizikambirana.

Ndikhalanso ndikukuthandizani kuphunzira kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake komanso kuthandizana kupeza njira zothetsera mavuto limodzi.

Komabe kumbukirani kuti ngakhale nditapereke chidziwitso chofunikira kwambiri, ntchito yanga sikuphunzitsa kuti ndizingokuwuzani zomwe mukuyenera kudziwa. Mukudziwa kale zambiri ndiye ndizangothandiza kuti mugawane zomwe mukudziwazo.

Tonse pano tiphunzira kuchokera kwa anzathu.

2: Anthu amasuke. Pemphani anthu kuti apeze munthu mmodzi aliyense yemwe siwokondedwa wawo kapena m’bale wawo. Akampeza acheze naye mphindi zochepa kwinaku akufunsa zinthu izi:

Dzina lake

Zaka zake

Ngati ali pa banja kapena ayi

Komwe amakhala

1

.

Chidziwitso kwa otsogolera: Nkofunikira kwambiri kuyamba momasuka

komanso mowawonetsa kuti alandiridwa. Izi zizapangitsa wonse, kaya amai,

abambo, akulu ndi achichepere kumva kuti alandiridwa komanso kumasuka. Izi

zichitike nthawi yonse yomwe muli pa msonkhanowu.

Ndipofunikanso kuloweza dzina la wina aliyense yemwe ali pa msonkhanowo

mwamsanga. Aliyense apatsidwe pepala patalembedwa dzina lake ndipo avale

mkhosi kapena pena powonekera.


Zifukwa zomwe abwelera ku msonkhanowu. 3: Dziwanani wina ndi mnzake.

Onse abwere pamodzi ndipo otsogolera zokambirana ayende mchipindamo nkumafunsa aliyense kuti atchule mnzake monga momwe anachezera naye.

4: Lifunseni gulu mafunso awa

Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chili chofanana mwa inu (zinthu monga komwe amakhala, zaka, ntchito yawo, kukwatira komanso kusakwatira)?

Kodi ndi ziti zomwe zikusiyana pa inu? 5: Malizani powomba nkota mowunikiranso mfundo zikuluzikulu kuti zisaiwalike monga iyi: Nkofunika kwambiri kuti tigawane nzeru komanso kulemekeza maganizo a

mzathu ngakhale tisakugwirizana nawo.

Chidziwitso kwa otsogolera zokambirana: Ngati mutafuna kuchita

chinthu china chomwe mmaganizo anu chikhoza kupangitsa anthu kuti

amasuke, muli omasuka kutero. Koma nkofunika kuti chomwe mutachitecho

chikhale cholemekeza abambo komanso amai. Kulemekeza abambo ndi amai ndi

ngodya imodzi ya phukusili.


Ziyembekezo Zathu ndi Malamulo a Msonkhano Wathu.

Nthawi: Mphindi 20 Tipindulanji? Izi zidzapereka mwai kwa gulu kuti lifotokoze ziyembekezo zawo pa msonkhanowu.Gulu lifotokozanso izo zimene akuyembekeza kupindula pakutha pa msonkhano. Komanso nthawiyi ndi yopanga malamulo oyendetsera msonkhano kuti ukhale opambana, kuti aliyense atenge nawo mbali popatsidwa ulemu ndi onse. 1: Wunikirani ziyembekezo pofotokozera gulu kuti: Nkofunikira kwambiri kuti timvetsetsane pa zomwe tikuyembekezera. Choncho tidzadziwa zomwe zingatheke komanso zomwe sizingatheke kuti pomaliza pa msonkhano pasakhale wina yemwe atachoke ndi mangawa kapena wokhumudwa. Tsogolerani zokambirana pofunsa funso ili: “Tikatengera zomwe titakambirane pa msonkhanowu, mukuyembekezera kuphunzira chiyani?”

2: Fotokozani zotenga nawo mbali.

Fotokozani kuti nkofunikira kuti aliyense atenge nawo mbali pazokambirana komanso pogawana nzeru.

Afunseni ngati akuvomereza kuti kutenga nawo mbali nkofunikira, nanga nchifukwa chiyani akuganiza choncho.

Akapereka maganizo awo, wunikiraninso kuti kutenga nawo mbali kwa wina aliyense nkofunikira kwambiri kuti zolinga za msonkhanowu zikwaniritsidwe.

2

.

Chidziwitso kwa otsogolera. Pomwe tikukambirana tiwonetsetse kuti aliyense

akudziwa izi

- Msonkhanowu siwungasinthe malamulo

- Pa malo a msonkhanowu sipogulitsira malonda

- Pa malo a msonkhanowu sipokambirana nkhani za ndale.

- Msonkhanowu siwupereka katundu kwa anthu.

Kuti anthu amvetsetse liwu loti “ziyembekezo”, afunseni ziyembekezo zawo

akapita ku mwambo wa chikwati. Iwowa ayankha ndithu kuti, kudya zakudya,

kusangalala komanso kukumana ndi achibale. Aliyense akamvetsa kuti

ziyembekezo ndi chiyani ndi pamene tikuyenera kupita ku ziyembekezo za

msonkhanowu.


Mwachitsanzo mukhoza kunena kuti: Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa msonkhanowu ndi zomwe inu mutayankhule potenga nawo mbali. Musachite manyazi ndi kufunsa mafunso komanso kugawana nafe zina zomwe mukudziwa.Sipakhala mayeso a mtundu wina uliwonse, palibe mayankho okhonza kapena olakwa.

3: Konzani malamulo a msonkhano.

Funsani gulu kuti liganizire malamulo woyendetsera msonkhanowu.

Malamulowa alembedwe pa pepala lalikulu kwambiri kuti aliyense awone. Pepalali likhale powonekera kuti nthawi zonse anthu aziliwona ndi kukumbukira.

4: Womberani nkota powunikiranso mfundo zikuluzikulu zili m’munsizi kuti

zisaiwalike.

Aliyense akuyenera kutenga nawo mbali pogawana ndi gulu lonse maganizo ake kuti msonkhano wathu ukhale waphindu.

Malamulo woyendetsera msonkhano wokhazikitsidwa ndi gulu lonse athandiza kuti anthu akhulupilirane. Athandizanso kuti gulu lilemekeze maganizo a wina aliyense kuti tonse tipindule kuchokera ku maganizo a mzanthu.

Wonetsetsani kuti m’malamulowo mulinso izi:

Kumvetsera wina akamalankhula. Aliyense ali ndi ufulu olankhula.

Tisadule anzanthu pakamwa akamalankhula.

Palibe maganizo okhoza kapena olakwa. Zonse tichita kukambirana.

Palibe yemwe atakanene nkhani za pano kunja kwa msonkhanowu.

Ngati wina salemekeza zonena za a mnzake, otsogolera

adzawerenganso malamulowa pamodzi ndi gulu mokumbutsana.


Kufotokozera za Msonkhano ndi Mitu ikuluikulu Mwachidule

Nthawi: Mphindi 40 mwinanso kupitirira apa Tipindulanji? Apa ndi pomwe otsogolera akhale ndi mwai wofotokoza zolinga za msonkhano komanso mitu ikuluikulu ya msonkhano. Afotokozenso momwe ndondomeko ya msonkhano ikhalire.

1: Fotokozani zolinga za msonkhano.

Yambani ndi kufotokoza zolinga za msonkhano.

Lembani zolingazi pa pepala lalikulu gulu lisanafike mchipinda cha msonkhano.

Pachikani pepalali pa malo owonekera kuti aliyense aziwona nthawi yomwe mukufotokoza:

Fotokozani kuti zolinga zonsezi zikusamila pa masomphenya a phukusi la African Transformation. Masomphenyawa ndi:

“Dziko lomwe abambo ndi amai akulemekezana komanso kulingalira

mozama ndi kuthetsa kusiyana komwe kulipo pakati pa abambo ndi amai polola kuti onse atenge nawo mbali pomanga mfundo zofunikira pa moyo wawo komanso kagawanidwe kabwino ka chuma ndi zipangizo”

Tsopano tidzaunikira mfundo zikuluzukulu zomwe zili mu masomphenya athu kuti tione kuti zitanthauzanji.

Zolinga za msonkhano:

Kusinkhasinkha pamodzi ndi gulu lonse njira zokhalira ndi moyo wa

thanzi ndi wa phindu.

Kuthandiza anthu kuti awone kuthekera komwe ali nako mwa iwo kotha

kusintha zinthu mu miyoyo yawo komanso m’midzi ndi madera awo.

Kumvetsetsa momwe abambo ndi amai amakhalira ndi momwe

kakhalidweka kangapititsile patsogolo kapena kubwezera mmbuyo

thanzi lawo.

Kuphunzira luso lomanga mfundo limodzi komanso mofanana pakati pa

amai ndi abambo.

3


Chidziwitso kwa otsogolera . Mmunsimu muli matanthauzo awiri omwe

angathandize otsogolera .

Tanthauzo la kukhala mwamuna kapena mkazi:

Izi ndi za chilengedwe ndipo umabadwa mwamuna kapena mkazi

Izi zimawonekera pa thupi la munthu; munthu ndi wa mkazi ngati ali ndi nyini

komanso mabele; ndi mwamuna ngati ali ndi mbolo komanso machende.

Izitu ndi zokhazikika ndipo sizingasinthe.

Tanthauzo la Jenda.

“Jenda” ndi kusiyana kwa pakati pa abambo ndi amai komwe kunabwera

kapena kumabwera chifukwa cha chikhalidwe

Kusiyanaku kumasamila pa zikhulupiliro ndi miyambo zomwe anthu amakhala nazo

zokhuza abambo kapena amai.

Kusiyanaku wkumasiyananso kutengela ndi mtundu wa anthu komanso kutha

kusintha pakutha kwa nthawi.

Ntchito 3.1: Kufotokozera kuti jenda nchiyani: Kodi abambo kapena amai akuyenera kukhala mwa mtundu wanji?

Funsani gulu kuti akamva mau oti “jenda” amaganiza chiyani.

Kodi jenda yisiyana bwanji ndi chilengedwe, kukhala mwamuna kapena mkazi?

Gulu likakambirana wombani nkota popereka tanthauzo la “Jenda” lomwe tikhale tikugwiritsa nthawi ya msonkhano yonseyi. Wonetsetsani kuti amvetsetsa kuti Jenda itanthauzanji powafunsa kuti apereke zitsanzo za kusiyana kwa pakati pa abambo ndi amai komwe kulipo mmidzi ndi mmadera mwawo.

Tanthauzo la Jenda: “Jenda ndi liwu lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza za kusiyana komwe kulipo pakati pa abambo ndi amai komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha chikhalidwe.Kusiyanaku kumachokera ku zikhulupiliro ndi miyambo zomwe zilipo zokhuza abambo ndi amai. Kusiyanaku kumasiyananso dera ndi dera komanso kumasintha pakutha kwa nthawi. Kukhala mwamuna kapena mkazi ndi chilengedwe, izi ndi zokhazikika ndipo sizingasinthe. Womberani nkota ponena kuti: Mu zokambirana zathu tidzawunika Jenda mosiyanasiyana ndi kulingaliranso kuti ndi chiyani chomwe tingasinthe kuti tipindule pa ife tokha komanso mmidzi ndi mmadera mwathu.


Ntchito 3.2: Kufotokozera kusiyana kwa mwai womwe abambo ndi amai amakhala nawo. 1: Gawani anthu mmagulu ang’onoang’ono a anthu osachepera asanu ndi mmodzi komanso osaposera asanu ndi atatu. Magulu onse akhale ndi anthu ofanana kuchuluka. Ngati pali ena otsala, pemphani kuti gulu lisankhe kukhala ngati oyimbila musawanagawe mmagulu. Apempheni anthu onse kuti avule msapato. 2: Pelekani pepala lalikulu kwa gulu lililonse. Gulu limodzi likhale ndi mapepala ambiri kuposa magulu ena. 3: Pezani ndi kuika chizindikilo malo oyambila mbali imodzi ya chipinda cha msonkhano. Ikani mipando iwiri mbali ina ya chipindacho (mpando umodzi kwa gulu lililonse). 4: Tsopano awuzeni maguluwa kuti achita mpikisano othamanga. Ayambira pomwe paikidwa chizindikiro kuti ndi poyambira ndipo aike pepala limodzi pansi kuti mmodzi wa iwo aimepo (mopondapo). Yemwe wayima pa pepalayu aikenso pepala lina kutsogolo kwawo ndipo apite nakaima pa pepala latsopanolo. Akatero wina wa gulu lomwelo apite pamene wachoka woyamba uja. Kenaka onse azaona kuti akuyenera kugawana malo pa pepala lija. 5: Gulu lomwe litayambe kuzungulira mpando wawo nkufikanso pomwe linayambira limenelo lidzapambana mpikisano. Ngati wina wa mgululo ayenda pansi popanda pepala gulu lonse liyenera kuyambiranso. 6: Funsani gulu mafunso wotsatirawa:

Chinachitika nchiyani?

Munamva bwanji ngati gulu lopambana?

Munamva bwanji ngati gulu limene linalibe zipangizo zokwanila?

Nanga munachitanji mutaona kuti muli ndi zipangizo zopelewera?

Chidziwitso kwa

otsogolera: Gulu litha

kusewera

mosiyanasiyana monga

kusuntha pepala

loyamba, komanso

kung’amba pepala kuti

akhale ambiri ndi njira

zina zomwe angaganize.

Itha kugwiritsidwanso

ngati njira yothetsera

mavuto.

Chidziwitso kwa otsogolera. Kantchito aka ngakhale kali kakang’ono kadzathandiza

gulu kuti limvetse bwino tanthauzo la kusiyana komwe kulipo pakati pa abambo ndi amai

pakapezedwe ka mwai wa zinthu. Izi zitheka kudzera mu masewero komanso

kukambirana.

Zida zofunika. Pepala lalikulu kapena zina zomwe zingapezeke monga timitengo,

masamaba akuluakulu. Izi bola zikhale zinthu zoti mutha kuzidula kukhala ting’onoting’ono


Chidziwitso kwa otsogolera . Mmunsimu muli tanthauzo la kusiyana mwai

kwa pakati pa abambo ndi amai lomwe lingathandize otsogolera .

Kusiyana mwai kukutanthauza kuti munthu kapena gulu lina silili ndi

mwai opeza zinthu zina monga maufulu ndi katundu wina ndi wina.

Wina atha kumanidwa mwai wa zinthu pa zifukwa zambiri monga

chipembezo, mtundu wake, maphunziro komanso chifukwa ndi mwamuna

kapena mkazi.

Kusiyana kwa mwai kwa pakati pa abambo ndi amai kumabwera chifukwa

ena ndi amuna ndipo ena ndi akazi. Zinthu zimakhala bwino aliyense

akakhala ndi mwai ofanana.

Nkofunika kuti tiziwona zofuna za amai ndi abambo komanso maudindo

awo mosiyana kuti tithe kugawa zipangizo moyenera ndi mofanana

Kodi izi zimachitika pa moyo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku?

Zimachitika bwanji?

Nanga ndi yani yemwe zimamukhuza? 7: Pofotokozera kusiyana mwai komwe kulipo pakati pa abambo ndi amai ndi kuwombera nkota wa zokambirana nenani motere: Nthawi zambiri anthu kapenanso magulu a anthu samakhala ndi mwai ofanana wa zinthu chifukwa choti mwina ndiosauka, kapena mwina chifukwa chachipembezo. Nthawi zina sapeza mwai chifukwa cha mtundu wawo komanso chifukwa chakuti ndi abambo kapena ndi amai. Mu zochita zomwe tichite limodzi posachedwapa tiunikira bwino lomwe kuti tiwone ngati mwai wa abambo ndi wa amai uli ofanana kapena osiyana.Chimodzi ngati muja tinachitira pambuyo paja, apnso pali mwai opeza njira zothetsera mavuto ngakhale titakhala ndi zipangizo zochepa

Ntchito 3.3: Kufotokozera kumanga mfundo mofanana – kodi ayenera kutenga nawo mbali pomanga mfundo ndi yani?

1: Lengezani kuti gulu tsopano linena lokha momwe likufunira kuti msonkhano uyendere tsiku lonse. Mwachitsanzo gulu linene nthawi yopumila ndi zina zotero. Izi gulu lichite mokambirana. 2: Funsani motere “Kodi tipume nthawi yanji?”

Chidziwitso kwa otsogolera:

kantchitoka kathandiza gulu kuti

lilingalire za kamangidwe ka mfundo

mopatsana mwai ofanana

poyerekeza kusiya anthu ena

kumanga nawo mfundo ndi kulola

gulu likambirane kuti njira ya bwino

yomangira mfundo ikhale yotani.


3: Motengera mitundu yazomwe avala anthu ena mgulu sankhani anthu oti ayankhule pa nkhaniyi. Mwachitsanzo mukhoza kunena kuti: Timveko kaye kuchokera kwa anthu omwe avala za mtundu wachikasu. Lembani mayankho awo kuti aliyense awone. 4: Kenaka funsani ena omwe ali ndi zina zofanana. Mwachitsanzo mukhoza kunena kuti: Tsopano timveko kwa awo omwe akongoletsa tsitsi lawo. 5: Malizani ponena kuti, chabwino, tsopano tamanga mfundo imodzi! 6: Funsani mafunso otsatirawa. Liuzeni gulu kuti: Lyi ndi njira yabwino yoyambira kufotokoza ntchito yathu yotsatirayi, yomwe ili yokhuzana ndi kumanga mfundo. Tiyeni tsopano tiunikire za kumanga mfundo kwabwino. Funsani,

Kodi iyi yinali njira yabwino yomangira mfundo ya pagulu?

Siyinali yabwino chifukwa chiyani?

Mfundo zimamangidwa bwanji mbanja mwanu? Nanga mmidzi ndi mmadela mwanu?

7: Lingalirani ngati gulu. Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zili zofunikira kuti mfundo yabwino imangidwe? Mwachitsanzo.

Aliyense akambepo

Maganizo osiyasiyana alemekezedwe

Mfundo ikhale yokmomela anthu ambiri.

8: Omberani nkota ponena kuti mwa zonse zomwe tichite limodzi tikufuna kuonetsetsa kuti aliyense ali ndi mwai wotenga nawo mbali pomanga mfundo za gulu. Tikhalanso tikulingalira kuona ngati abambo ndi amai ali ndi mwai ofanana pomanga mfundo. Ntchito 3.4: Kulingalira mozama 1: Funsani gulu kuti liganizile zomwe zimabwera mmaganizo awo akamva liwu loti “kulingalira mozama”


Chidziwitso kwa otsogolera : Mmunsimu muli tanthauza la kamangidwe ka

mfundo lomwe lingathandize otsogolera .

“Kumanga mfundo kwabwino” kumatheka ngati abambo ndi amai atenga nawo mbali

mofanana atakambirana ndi kupeleka maganizo awo ngati anthu ofunika okhaokha

kenaka nkugwirizana chimodzi chothandiza onse.

Chidziwitso kwa otsogolera: Mmunsimu muli tanthauzo la kulingalira mozama

lomwe lingakuthandizeni ngati otsogolera.

“Kulingalira mozama” kukutanthuza kuunikira zifukwa zenizeni zomwe

zimayambitsa chinthu komanso kumvetsetsa zinthu zomwe zimakolezera

chinthu kuti chichitike.

Chitsanzo, “kulingalira mozama” za chikhalidwe ndi kufunsa kuti

chikhalidwechi chinakhazikitsidwa chifukwa chiyani, chikupindulira yani,

kodi nkofunika kuti chipitilire, nanga tingachisinthe bwanji.

2: Omberani nkota pofotokoza tanthauzo la mauwa. Komanso akumbutseni kuti liwuli likhala lofunikanso kwambiri masiku onse a msonkhano.

3: Mutatha kufotokozera mitu ikuluikulu ya msonkhanowu, omberani nkota pofotokoza cholinga chachikulu cha phukusi la African Transformation mwanjira ina monga: Cholinga chachikulu cha msonkhano uwu ndikuzithandiza tokha komanso madera athu kuti titukuke pogwiritsa ntchito kuthekera komwe tili nako mwa abambo komanso amai ndi kuonetsetsa kuti tonse tili ndi mwai omanga nawo mfundo komanso mwai okhala ndi kupeza katundu.Tidzachita izi polingalira za momwe tikukhalira padakali pano ndi kuona ngati pali zina zomwe tingazisinthe kuti tipindule. 4: Fotokozani kuti zolingazi zikwanilitsidwa pokambirana mitu ili mmunsiyi.

Maudindo athu pa moyo wathu wa tsiku ndi tsiku.

Miyambo ndi chikhalidwe chathu.

Uchembele ndi ubereki wabwino pakati pa amai ndi abambo

Matenda opatsilana pogonana komanso HIV ndi Edzi

Chibwenzi cha pakati pa anthu osiyana zaka.

Nkhanza pakati pa anthu a pa banja.

Obwino ogwirila ntchito limodzi. Afotokozeleni kuti

Ulionse mwa mituyi tidzaukambilana paokhapaokha pa nthawi yake.


Mutu ulionse uli ndi nkhani yeniyeni ya umwini pa kanema komanso pa kaseti kufotokoza momwe ena anasinthila moyo wawo molingana ndi mutu wathu wa nkhani.

5: Omberani nkota pounikiranso mfundo zomwe zili mmunsimu.

Cholinga chathu pobwera pamodzi ndi chakuti tithandizane kuzipezela tokha komanso midzi ndi madela athu polingalira zinthu zomwe zimawapinga abambo ndi amai.

Tikambirana mitu yambiri yokhuzana ndi abambo komanso amai potenga nawo mbali pa zokambirana komanso kulingalira kudzera mkanema wa nkhani zenizeni za umwini ndi kusintha komwe kunabwera pa anthu ena.


Maudindo Athu pa Moyo Wathu wa Tsiku ndi Tsiku: Mawu Otsogolera kudzera Mnkhani ya Ssalongo

Nthawi: Mphindi 35 Tipindulanji? Ntchitoyi yifotokozapo za maudindo athu pa moyo wathu wa tsiku ndi tsiku kudzela mu kanema yemwe titaonele. Kanemayu ndi nkhani yeniyeni ya Ssalongo Kyendo. Mutu wa maudindo tiukambirana mozamirapo mu ndime ya patsogoloyi.

1: Fotokozani ntchito ya nkhani za amai, abambo, anthu ndi mabanja ogonjetsa motere: Pa mutu ulionse omwe titakambirane tizaonera kanema kapena kumvetsera kaseti ya nkhani yeniyeni yoona ya Ssalongo Kyendo. Ngati izi palibe, nkhaniyo idzawerengedwa mokweza kuti timvetsele. Nkhani iliyonse mnkhani za amai, abambo anthu ndi mabanja omwe anagonjetsa zipsyinjo mmoyo mwawo ikusonyeza momwe miyoyo ya anthu ena inasinthira ngakhale anakumana ndi mikwingwirima yosiyanasiyana. Izi ndi nkhani zeni zeni osati zongopeka chabe ayi. Nkhanizi zikhala poyambira zokambirana zathu polingalira momwe anthu ali mnkhanizi anachitira molingana ndi mfundo izi:

Kukhala odzikhulupilira okha

Kuphunzira kumanga mfundo ndi luso lokambirana ndi amzawo.

Kudzudzula miyambo komanso zikhalidwe zina.

Kupeza chithandizo kuchokela kwa abale, abwemzi komanso anthu okhala nawo mmudzi.

Kusamalira thanzi lawo.

Kuthandizila mabanja awo. Kukambirana za nkhani za mu kanema kukhala mmagawo awiri: (1) Kukambirana nkhani yeni yeniyo ndi (2) kulingalira momwe nkhaniyo ikugwilizirana ndi miyoyo yathu ngakhalenso zomwe zimachitika komwe ife timakhala. Kumbukirani: Zomwe taziona mnkhanimu zikhala zofunika kwambiri mu zokambirana zathu. Choncho ndemanga zathu zipangitsa kuti zokambirana zikhale zopambana chifukwa pakutero tiphunzira zambiri.

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2: Onetsani kanema wa nkhani ya bambo Ssalongo Abubaker Kyendo ndipo kambiranani mafunso ali mmunsiwa Kanema akatha, lithandizeni gulu kuti liyambe kukambirana. Monga tanenela kale, zokambirana zikhale ndi magawo awiri, kukambirana za nkhaniyo komanso kuyelekeza zochitika mnkhaniyo ndi zomwe zimachitika mmidzi ndi mmadela mwathu. Mafunso woti tikambirane pa nkhani ya Ssalongo:

Mukuganizapo bwanji pa nkhani ya Ssalongo?

Kodi chilipo chakudabwitsani mu kanemayu? Nanga ndi chiyani chakudabwitsani?

Mukuganiza kuti ndi chiyani chomwe Ssalongo angafune kuti abambo ndi amai amvetsetse kuchokela ku nkhani yake?

3: Tsopano apempheni kuti akambirane zomwe zimachitika ku midzi ndi ku madela komwe timakhala. Funsani motere

Kodi alipo munthu ngati bambo Ssalongo mmudzi mwanu kapena mdela lanu?

Ngati alipo, mmamuganizila chiyani iyeyu?

Kodi ubwino wa khalidwe ngati limeneli ndi chiyani? Nanga kuipa kwake ndi chiyani?

4: Funsani gulu kuti lilingalire zomwe angachite ngati mudzi kapena dela pofunsa mafunso awa:

Kodi abambo angathandizane bwanji kuti achite zinthu mosiyana mmudzi mwanu? Nanga amai angawathandize bwanji abambo?

Nanga anthu ena adzapindula bwanji? 5: Omberani nkota pa nkhaniyi polikumbutsa gulu mfundo izi:

Onse, abambo ndi amai akhoza kugwira ntchito za pa khomo komanso atha kugwira ntchito mogwirizana potukula banja lawo.

Anthu onse ku mudzi ndi madela omwe timakhala athandize abambo ndi amai pamodzi kuti iwowa athe kuona luso lomwe ali nalo ndi kuthekera komwe ali nako.


Kulingalira za Kusintha pa Moyo wathu Kudzera mu Msonkhanowu

Nthawi: Mphindi 10 Tipindulanji? Ntchitoyi iwonetsela gulu ndondomeko ya kasinthidwe ngati njira imodzi yoti athe kulingalira za kusintha pa miyoyo yawo pa nthawi yomwe ali pa msonkhanowu.

1: Fotokozerani gulu kuti: Chifukwa tikufuna ife eni titasintha mogwirizana ndi mitu yomwe tikuikambirana, tidzalemba ndondomeko yakasinthidwe pa mapeto pa mutu uliwonse. Ndondomekoyi idzatithandiza kuti tione kuti ndi ziti mwa zomwe tikukambirana ndi kuchita zili zofunikila kwambili kwa ife. Ndondomekoyi ithandizanso aliyense pagulu kuganizila zomwe angathe kuchita pa zomwe waphunzira pa mutuwu.

Kwa iwo omwe angathe kulemba ndondomekoyi ili kumapeto kwa bukhuli. Gawani mapepala omwe pali ndondomekoyi ndipo fotokozani kuti akhoza kulemba maganizo awo molingana ndi zomwe aphunzira. Aonetseni momwe angalembele pa mutu uliwonse. Pelekani zitsanzo za zinthu zatsopano zomwe angathe kuphunzira komanso apatseni ganizo la momwe zinthu zomwe aphunzirazi zingapangitse kuti achitepo kanthu.

Ambiri mwina sadzatha kulemba, njira ina ndi kungowafunsa mafunso ndikulemba mayankho iwo akayankha. Izi zitha kuchitika pa gulu mutapanga bwalo nkumaponya mpira uku mutafunsa funso kuti wamugwera mpirayo ayankhe funso.

2: Yetselelani ndondomeko ya kusintha pofunsa mafunso omwe ali m’munsiwa a pa mutu oyamba.

Kodi mwaphunzirapo chinthu chatsopano pa mutu umenewu?

Mwaphunzirapo chiyani?

Kodi maganizo anu asintha chifukwa cha zomwe takambirana?

Kodi mwaphunzirapo luso latsopano? Nanga ndi luso lanji?

Ndi chiyani chomwe mungachite chifukwa cha zomwe

mwaphunzira lero?

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3: Malizani polikumbutsa gulu kuti akhoza kuona kusintha mmaganizo awo pakutha kwa masiku ochepa. Kudzakhala kofunika kulingalira pa kusintha kwa mtundu wina uliwonse komwe angadzakuone ndi kugawana ndi gulu lomweli ngati atadzakumananso.


Kuwombera Nkota

Nthawi: Mphindi 15 1: Omberani nkota pa mutu onsewu powunikiranso mfundo zikuluzukulu zomwe zakambidwa motere:

Pa mutu timafuna kukuunikirani zolinga za maphunziro athu ndi kuti tithandizane kuyamba kuganizira za maudindo a abambo ndi amai mmidzi mwathumu.

Tikhala ndi mwai wina kuti tionenso maudindo a abambo ndi amai mu mutu otsatilawu.

Pomwe tikukambirana nkhani zokhuzana ndi abambo ndi amaizi, tikumbukile malamulo omwe takhazikitsa aja.

Aliyense ali ndi mfundo yofunikira yofunika kugawana ndi a mnzake.

Tiyenera kumvetsera bwino ndikulemekeza zomwe akukamba a mzathu.

Tikumbukilenso kuti tikufuna ano akhale malo oti aliyense amasuke kupeleka maganizo ake.

Potsiliza, msonkhanowu ndiwokhuza kusintha kwabwino mu miyoyo yathu komanso mmidzi mwathu. Nkofunika kuti tilingalire kusintha kwina kulikonse komwe kungakhalepo mmaganizidwe athu tidakali limodzi pa msonkhanowu. Potero tithe kupeza chomwe tingathe kuchita kuti tizitukule ife tokha, mabanja athu komanso midzi yathu.

2: Pemphani munthu kuti azipereke kuti aombere nkota pa mutu umenewu kuti adzauze gulu poyambilira pa mutu otsatilawu.

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Maudindo Athu pa Moyo Wathu wa Tsiku ndi Tsiku 2

Pa mutu uwu tilingalira zomwe abambo ndi amai angathe kuchita kudzera mu nkhani ya amai Memory Maluwa. Mai Memory Maluwa ndi mmodzi mwa amai oyambilira omwe anaganiza zogwira ntchito yomwe kwa nthawi yayitali imagwiridwa ndi abambo okhaokha.

Mutu 2


Zolinga:

Kulingalira ndi kukambirana ntchito ndi maudindo osiyanasiyana

omwe chikhalidwe chimaphunzitsa amai ndi abambo.

Kulingalira ndi kukambirana za maudindo ndi ntchito zina zomwe

aliyense angathe kuchita ngakhale chikhalidwe chimati

sangagwire.

Kumvetsetsa kuti kusiyana komwe kulipo pakati pa abambo ndi

amai komwe sitingathe kukusintha ndi chibadwidwe kuti ena ndi

amuna ndipo ena ndi akazi.

Nthawi:

Maola awiri ndi mhindi 30 (2 hours 30 minutes)

Zochita:

1. Kufotokozera mutuwu.

2. Pa tsiku mmudzi mwathu:ndi chiyani chomwe abambo ndi amai

amachita?

3. Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe abambo ndi amai angathe kuchita?

Onani nkhani ya Memory

4. Kuombera nkota.

Zida zofunika:

Zinthunzi zoonetsa abambo ndi amai akugwira ntchito

zosiyanasiyana.

Kanema wa nkhani ya mai Memory Maluwa.

Mapepala akuluakulu kapena bolodi ndi zolembela.

Makina oonetsera kanema ndi wailesi ya kaseti.

Kumbukirani

Kuti nkofunika kuti gulu likambirane chilichonse chomwe wina

mgulumo anganene chooneka kuti chikhoza kulimbikitsa zikhulupiliro

ndi mchitidwe olakwika omwe tikufuna kusinthawu.


Kufotokozera za Mutuwu

Nthawi: Mphindi 10 1: Wunikilaninso mfundo zikuluzikulu za pa mutu wa pa mbuyo uja, pemphani uja anazipeleka uja kuti afotokozele gulu lonse. Ndi mfundo ziti zomwe tinazikambirana pa mutu wa pa mbuyo uja? 2: Kulingalira za kusintha pa moyo wathu. Pemphani anthu angapo kuti afotokoze zomwe analemba mu ndondomeko yawo ya kusintha ngakhalenso zomwe anangolingalira.

Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mpira, kumauponya mwachiponyeponye kuti yemwe wamufikayo afotokozele gulu zomwe analemba mu ndondomeko yake ya kusintha.

Koma ngati sali womasuka pa mfundo imeneyi, afunseni kuti afotokozele gulu chili chonse chomwe analingalira utatha mutu wina uja.

Mafunso otsogolera:

Kodi ndi chiyani chatsopano chomwe munaphunzira pa mutu wa pa mbuyo uja?

Nanga kodi izi zasinthapo kaganizidwe kanu? Kusintha kwake ndi kotani?

Kodi mwaphunzirapo luso lina latsopano? Nanga ndi luso lotani?

Kodi mwakonza kuchitapo kanthu pa zomwe mwaphunzira? Nanga ndi chiyani chomwe chomwe mwakonza kuchita?

Kodi nanga munachitapo kanthu pa zomwe munaphunzira? 3: Tsopano fotokozani za mutu umenewu motere: Pa mutu uwu tiyamba kufufuza ndi kulingalira momwe maudindo athu a moyo wathu wa tsiku ndi tsiku amatipanga ife kukhala momwe tililimu.

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Pa Tsiku Mmudzi Mwathu: Ndi chiyani Chomwe Abambo

ndi Amai amachita? Nthawi: Mphindi 30-45 Tipindulanji? Ntchitoyi ithandindiza gulu kulingalira za ntchito zosiyanasiyana zomwe abambo ndi amai amagwira pa tsiku komanso ubwino omwe ntchitozo zimabweletsa pa banja. Gulu lidzazindikila kuti amai ali ndi maudindo ambiri omwe amayenera kuwakwanilitsa pa tsiku kuposa abambo. Ena mwa maudindowa ndi akuti ngakhale abambo atha kuchita. Aliyense adzatenga kapepala komwe palembedwa maudindo, kenaka afotokoza kuti udindo umenewo amauvala ndi abambo kapena amai komanso ngati umavalidwa ndi onse. Akatero ayike pepalawo pa malo oyenera, abambo, amai kapena pa onse.

1: Konzekelani ntchitoyi motere.

Yalani makadi ojambulidwa anthu aja pakati pa chipinda cha msonkhano chomwecho kuti onse aziona. Makadi omwe pajambulidwa ntchito aja ayalidwe mozungulira makadi pajambulidwa anthu aja.

Gulu liyime kapena likhale mozungulira makadi aja kuti aliyense athe kuona.

2: Kambiranani za maudindo komanso makadi.

Funsani anthu kuti azitola makadi pali maudindo kenaka mukambirane kuti kodi ntchito yimeneyo amayichita ndi yani: “Ena adzayankha funso loti ndi yani amayenera kuchita ntchitoyi?” mmalo mwa “yemwe amachitadi ntchitoyo” Otsogolera aonetsetse kuti funsoli likumveka ndipo likuyankhidwa moyenera.

Chidziwitso kwa otsogolera: Padzafunika zipangizo izi

Timakhadi tiwiri pojambulidwa

o bambo

o bambo ndi mai

o mai

Makhadi patajambulidwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana, ina pojambulidwa

munthu osaoneka kuti ndi mwamuna kapena mkazi akuchita ntchito.

Ntchitozi zikhoza kukhala kuphika, kututa nkhuni, kutunga madzi,

kusamalira ana, kupelekeza mwana ku chipatala, kulima, kuchapa,

kukonza pa khomo, kumwa mowa , kuchita msonkhano, kugwira ntchito

mu ofesi komanso kuyang’anila adwala

Pakhalenso makadi ena osalemba kanthu, pepala lalikulu komanso

zolembela kuti tilembe zina zoonjezela ngati zingakhalepo.

2

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Yemwe anatola khadi lija ayike pamene gulu lagwirizana kuti ikhale kutengela ndi kuti ntchito ili pa khadipo amaichita ndi yani, ayike pa amai ngati imachitidwa ndi amai, ayike pa abambo ngati imachitidwa ndi abambo komanso pa onse ngati imachitidwa ndi onse.

Gulu likaona kuti pali maudindo ena omwe aiwalika, alembedwe msanga pa mapepala ndi makhadi oonjezela aja. Awanso awakambirane ndikuwayika pa gulu loyenera.

Ambiri mwa makadiwa adzayikidwa pa khadi lomwe lili chinthunzi cha mai.

Kenaka funsani mafunso awa okhuzana ndi momwe makdi a maudindo asanjidwira:

1. Ali ndi maudindo ambiri ndi yani? 2. Pa tsiku, kodi mzimayi amachita maudindo angati? 3. Nanga bambo amachita ndi maudindo angati?

4: Funsani gulu kuti lisanje makadiwa molingana ndi nthawi yomwe ntchito imachitika pa tsiku.

Funsani mafuni mafunso motere: 1. Kodi ndi ntchito yiti yomwe yimayamba patsiku? Nanga ntchitoyi

imachitika nthawi yanji ya patsiku? 2. Nanga ntchito yotsatira imakhala yiti? Pitilizani motero… 3. Kodi pakati pa amai ndi abambo amagwira ntchito nthawi yayitali ndi

yani? Nchifukwa chiyani mukutero? Nanga mukutipo bwanji pamenepa? a. Kodi mzimayi amayamba nthawi yanji kugwira ntchito zake? b. Nanga amamaliza nthawi yanji? c. Kodi abambo amayamba nthawi yanji kugwira ntchito zawo? d. Nanga amamaliza nthawi yanji?

4. Kodi pakati pa abambo ndi amai ali ndi nthawi yambiri yomwaza ndi

yani? Nchifukwa chiyani mukuganiza chonchi? Nanga mukuganizapo bwanji pamenepa?

Tengani maudindo omwe ayikidwa pa chinthunzi cha mai ndipo mufunse mafunso otsatirawa motere:

1. Nchifukwa chiyani amai amapanga ntchito iyi?

2. Nchifukwa chiyani abambo sapanga ntchito iyi?

3. Chingachitike ndi chiyani abambo atagwira ntchito iyi?

4. Nchifukwa chiyani abambo amachita ntchito iyi?

5. Nanga nchifukwa chiyani amai sachita ntchito iyi?

6. Chingachitike nchiyani amai atachita ntchito iyi?


7. Nanga anthu kwanu kuno amati chiyani za ntchito zomwe amagwira amai ndi zomwe amagwira abambo?

Ngati gulu lagwirizana kuti ntchito ndi yofunika kuti abambo ndi amai onse aziyichita, ichotseni pa chithunzi cha mai ndipo muyike pomwe pali chithunzi cha bambo ndi mai limodzi.

5: Malizani powombela nkota mounikila mfundo zomwe gulu latulutsa.Nenaninso motere:

Amai amagwira ntchito zambiri pa tsiku, amayamba msanga komanso kumaliza mochedwa.

Ngakhale pali maudindo ena omwe abambo sangachite monga kubeleka ndi kuyamwitsa, ntchito zambiri zikhoza kugwiridwa ndi onse, abambo ndi amai omwe.

Chidziwitso kwa otsogolera: ngati gulu silitchula mfundo izi, funsani gulu

kuti likambirane:

Amai ndi abambo ali ndi maudindo osiyana.

Amai ndi abambo amachita zosiyana pa tsiku.

Amagwira ntchito nthawi yayitali.

Abambo amakhala ndi nthawi yambiri yomwaza.

Abambo amachita ntchito zomwezomwezo, koma amai amakhala ndi ntchito

zingapo.

Ntchito zambiri zomwe amagwira amai ndi zopanda malipilo ndipo

zimawoneka ngati sintchito.

Ntchito zambiri amagwira abambo sizikhala za pakhomo, amalipidwa

komanso ndi zomwe anthu amaziona ngati ntchito zenizeni.


Kodi ndi Zinthu Ziti Zomwe Abambo ndi Amai Angathe

Kuchita? Onani Nkhani ya Memory Maluwa Nthawi: Mphindi 50 Tipindulanji? Kudzera mu ntchitoyi tikufuna gulu liganizile zinthu zonse zomwe abambo ndi amai akhoza kuchita, ngakhalenso izo zomwe chikhalidwe chimaona ngati asachite. Kudzela mu ntchitoyi tiyamba kumvetsa kuti izo zomwe chikhalidwe chimanema zokhuzana ndi maudindo athu zitha kusintha. 1: Onetsani kanema wokamba za nkhani ya mai Memory Maluwa ndipo kenaka mukambirane mafunso ali mmunsiwa pofotokozela gulu kuti: Tikhala tikufufuza ndi kulingalira zomwe abambo ndi amai akhoza kuchita kudzela mukuonela kanema kapena kumvela nkhani ya mai Memory Maluwa.A Memory Maluwa ndi mai weniweni yemwe anapanga chiganizo kuti adzagwira ntchito yomwe imaoneka ngati ndi ya abambo. Mafunso pa nkhani ya mai Memory Maluwa:

Mutamva nkhani ya mai Memory Maluwa muganiza chiyani?

Panali china chomwe chinakudabwitsani? Munadabwa ndi chiyani?

Ndi mikwingwirima yotani yomwe Memory anakumana nayo pomwe anayamba ntchito yake yomwe imaonedwa ngati yachimuna?

Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe mukuona ngati Memory akufuna abambo ndi amai aphunzirepo kudzera mu nkhani yake?

2: Funsani gulu kuti lilingalire za mudzi wawo kapena dela lawo pofunsa mafunso otsatilawa.

Kodi alipo atsikana kapena amai mmudzi mwanu omwe amagwira ntchito zomwe anthu amati sizachikazi?

Kodi phindu lomwe akupeza atsikana ndi amai amenewa ndi chiyani mmudzi mwawomo?

Kodi ndi chilimbikitso chotani chomwe chimafunika kwa amai ngati akugwira ntchito yomwe imaoneka ngati siyachikazi.

3: Likumbutseni gulu za kanema wa nkhani ya Ssalongo, ndipo yambitsani zokambirana zokhuza kuthekera komwe kulipo kuti abambo nkuyamba kugwira ntchito zomwe pakali pano zimagwiridwa kwambiri ndi amai. Mukhoza kuyamba ndi mafunso awa:

Kodi alipo abambo omwe mukuwadziwa kuti amagwira ntchito yomwe imaoneka ngati siyachimuna?

Kodi phindu lake loti abambo amenewa agwire ntchito zimenezi ndi chiyani?

3


Ndi chilimbikitso chotani chomwe chikufunika kwa anthu ngati amenewa?

4: Funsani gulu kuti lilingalire ngati nkotheka kuti mudzi wawo nkuchitapo kanthu.

Tsopano momwe taona anthu awiri akugwira ntchito zoti anthu amaziona ngati ndi zachikazi kapena zachimuna, kodi tingachite chiyani kuti tilimbikitse abambo kapena amai omwe akugwira ntchito zimenezi?

5: Malizani zokambiranazi pounikilanso mfundo zikuluzikulu motere:

Abambo ndi amai ambiri ali nako kuthekera koti nkupanga chilli chonse bola ataphunzitsidwa.

Amai ndi abambo asasalidwe pogwira ntchito chifukwa chokhala abambo kapena amai.

Abambo ndi amai akhoza kulimbikitsana kuti atukuke.

Kuyamba kugwira ntchito zina zomwe sitimazigwira kale kukhoza kuthandiza mabanja athu komanso midzi yathu.


Kuwombera Nkota

Nthawi: Mphindi 10 1: Wunikilaninso mganizo omwe tagawana pa mutuwu.

Chikhalidwe chimatiphunzitsa maudindo osiyanasiyana ngati abambo ndi amai.

Abambo ndi amai ali nako kuthekela oti nkuphunzira maudindo osiyanasiyana omwe chikhalidwe chimanena kuti siawo.

Tisawasale abambo ndi amai pogwira ntchito chifukwa ndi amuna kapena akazi.

Maudindo omwe abambo ndi amai amachita pakali pano akhoza kusintha.

Abambo ndi amai akhoza kulimbikitsana ndi kuchita chitukuko chachikulu.

2: Lingalirani za kusintha pa moyo wanu. Funsani mafunso otsatilawa kapena gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko ya kusintha.

Kodi lero ndaphunzira chachilendo chokhuza abambo ndi amai? Nanga nchiyani chomwe ndaphunzilachi?

Kodi ndaphunzirapo luso latsopano ndi kupeza maganizo atsopano? Nanga lusoli ndi maganizowa ndi ziti?

Ndi chiyani chomwe ndingachite pa moyo wanga molingana ndi ndi zomwe ndaphunzira?

3: Kenaka mupemphe munthu mmodzi kuti akonzetsere zokambirana za lero kuti azafotokozere a mnzake poyamba phunziro la mutu wa patsogolo.

4


Miyambo ndi Chikhalidwe Chathu.

Pa mutu uwu tifufuza ndi kulingalira za chikhalidwe chathu chomwe nthawi zina chimapsyinja abambo ndi amai. Izi tichita kudzela mu nkhani ya mai Lucretia Stephen Kimaro.

Lucretia analimbana ndi zofuna za chikhalidwe ndi cholinga chakuti achite nawo mwambo wa maliro a mwamuna wake komanso kuti asalandidwe katundu yemwe anampeza pamodzi ndi mwamuna wake.

Mutu 3

African Transformation: The Way Forward-Facilitators Guide

Zolinga zathu:

Mutuwu uthandiza gulu kuti:

Limvetsetse kukhala mkazi kapena mwamuna ndi cholinga choti athe kuona

kufunika kwa chifundo.

Limvetsetse kuti zikhulupiliro za chikhalidwe chathu zitha kukhala zabwino

komanso nthawi zina zitha kukhala zoipa.

Limvetsetse momwe chikhalidwe ndi zikhulupiliro zibwezeletsera abambo

kapena amai mmbuyo pochita zinthu pa banja pawo komanso mmizi mwawo.

Lizindikile kuti miyambo ndi zikhulupiliro zikhoza kusintha ndipo kuti

zimasintha.

Nthawi:

2 hours ndi 30 minutes

Zochita:

1. Kufotokozela za mutuwu

2. Kumvetselana pakati pa abambo ndi amai.

3. Chikhalidwe: Nkhani ya Lucretia Kimaro.

4. Kuombela nkota.

Zida zofunika:

Kanema wa nkhani ya mai Lucretia Stephen Kimaro.

Mapepala akuluakulu kapena bolodi.

Zolembela.

Makina owonetsela kanema ndi wailesi ya kaseti.

Kumbukirani

Nthawi zonse kumbukilani kuti ngati panenedwa zina zolimbikitsa mctichitidwe

ndi zikhulupiliro zosachitila ubwino abambo kapena amai, tizipeleke kwa gulu

kuti lizikambirane.



Nthawi: Mphindi 10

1: Wunikilaninso mfundo ndi maganizo ochokela ku mutu tangomaliza kumenewu. Pamenepa funsani uja anazipeleka kuti afotokozele gulu poyankha funso ili:

Kodi ndi mfundo ziti zomwe tinazikambirana mu mutu tangomaliza kumene uja? 2: Kulingalira za kusintha pa moyo wathu. Pemphani anthu angapo ozipeleka kuti alankhulepo za zomwe analemba mu ndondomeko yawo ya kusintha ngakhalenso zomwe analingalira ngati sanalembe mu ndodndomeko yawo.

Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito sewero la mpira mmene inu ngati otsogolera muziponya mpira mwachiponyeponye kuti yemwe utamufikeyo afotokozele gulu zomwe anayika mu ndondomeko yake ya kusintha ngati ali omasuka.

Ngati sali omasuka afotokoze chilichonse chomwe analingalira pa mutu wapita uja.

Mafunso otsogolera:

Ndi chiyani chatsopano chomwe mwaphunzira kuchokela pamutu wapitawu?

Kodi kaganizidwe kanu kasintha mwa mtundu uliwonse? Zasintha bwanji?

Kodi mwaphunzirapo luso lililonse latsopano? Ndi luso lanji?

Nanga mwakonza kuchitapo kanthu pa zomwe mwaphunzirazi? Muchitaponji?

Kodi mwachitapo kanthu kale? 3: Fotokozelani mutuwu motere: Pa mutu uwu tifufuza ndi kulingalira za miyambo yomwe imabwezeletsa mmbuyo abambo ndi amai. Pakhalanso chochita china kuti chithandize abambo ndi amai kuti azitha kulankhulana ndi kumvetselana bwino.

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Chidziwitso kwa otsogolera: Nkofunikila kuti gulu lidziwe kuti cholinga cha ntchitoyi ndi

kumvetselana pakati pa amai ndi abambo. Choncho amai akamapeleka lipoti lawo abambo

akhale chete kumvetsela. Komanso abambo akamapeleka lipoti, amainso akhale phee

kumvetsela. Ayenela kumvetsela bwino lomwe ndi kulemekeza maganizo a aliyense.

Kumvetselana Pakati pa Abambo ndi Amai

Nthawi: Mphindi 45 Tipindulanji? Ntchito iyi ithandiza amai ndi abambo kuti akhale ndi chifundo chomvetselana akamalankhula. Uku ndi kumvetselana pakati pa abambo ndi amai. 1: Ligaweni gulu pawiri, amai paokha, abambo paokha, gulu lililonse likambirane mafunso ali mmunsiwa. Kenaka onse abwere malo amodzi pamene mmodzi kuchokela gulu lililonse afotokozele gulu zomwe akambirana. Mafunso kwa gulu la amai:

Kodi chomwe chimakusangalatsani inu kukhala mai ndi chiyani?

Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe mukuona kuti chimapangitsa kuti kukhala mai kukhale kovuta mmudzi mwanu kapena mdela mwanu?

Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe amuna akuyenera kudziwa kuti awamvetsetse bwino amai?

Ndi chiyani chomwe chimakuvutani kumvetsa chokhuzana ndi amuna?

Nanga amuna angawamvetsetse bwanji amai?

Nanga ndi chiyani chomwe simumafuna kumva chokhuzana ndi amai? Mafunso kwa gulu la abambo:

Kodi chomwe chimakusangalatsani kukhala mwamuna ndi chiyani?

Nanga ndi chiyani chomwe mumaona kuti chimapangitsa kukhala mwamuna kuti kuzivuta mmudzi mwanu kapena mdela lanu?

Ndi chiyani chomwe amai amafunika kudziwa kuti akumvetseni bwino?

Ndi chiyani chimene chimakuvutani kumvetsa chokhuzana ndi amai?

Nanga amai angalimbikitse bwanji abambo kuti apite patsogolo?

Nanga ndi chiyani chomwe simumafuna kumva chokhuzana ndi abambo?

2: Womberani nkota pounikila mfundo zikuluzikulu zomwe mwakambirana monga zili pansizi. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mafunso awa:

Kodi abambo akuganiza chiyani pa zomwe analankhula a gulu la amai?

Nanga amai akuganiza chiyani za zomwe analankhula abambo?

2

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Kodi kumvetsetsana kungathandize bwanji mgwirizano pakati pa abambo ndi amai?

Maganizo ena ofunika kukumbukila:

Onse, abambo ndi amai ali ndi kuthekela kwa padela.

Tikhoza kulimbikitsana pomvetsetsa kuti tili ndi kuthekela kosiyasiya

Pomvetselana pakati pa abambo ndi amai, ubale wa pakati pawo ukhoza kumayenda bwino.


Chikhalidwe: Nkhani ya Lucretia Kimaro Nthawi: Mphindi 60 (I hour) Tipindulanji? Mu ntchitoyi tikufuna abambo ndi amai kuti ayambe kuganizila ndi kulingalira za chikhalidwe. Apeze ngati pali ubwino kapena kuipa kwa chikhalidwe ndi zikhulupiliro. 1: Wonetsani kanema wa nkhani ya mai Lucretia Kimaro ndipo kenaka kambiranani mafunso ali mmunsimu.

Liuzeni gulu kuti lionela kanema okhuza mai wotchedwa Lucretia Kimaro.

Fotokozani kuti nkofunika kuti onse akhale tchelu kumvetsela za chikhalidwe ndi zikhulupiliro zomwe zikunenedwa mu nkhaniyi ndimomwe zikhulupilirozi zinakhudzila moyo wa Lucretia ndi ana ake aakazi

Nthawi zonse tsindikizani kunena kuti anthu omwe ali mu kanemayu ndi eni eni osati ongochita zisudzo ayi.

Mafunso okhuza nkhani ya Lucretia:

Munaganiza chiyani mutaona nkhani ya Lucretia?

Kodi panali chinthu chomwe chinakudabwitsani? Ndi chiyani chinakudabwitsanicho?

Kodi ndi zikhulupiliro zotani anali nazo azilamu ake zokhuza amai ndi abambo?

Nanga zikhulupiliro ndi zomwe anachita alamu akezi zinamkhuza bwanji Lucretia ndi banja lake?

Nanga mmaganizo anu, ndi chiyani chomwe Lucretia angafune kuti abambo ndi amai ena aphunzirepo kuchokela pa nkhani yake?

2: Tsopano funsani mafunso okhuza zikhulupililo ndi miyambo ya mmidzi komanso mmadela omwe amachokela anthuwa. 1. Funsani mafunso otsatilawa:

Ndi miyambo kapena zikhalidwe ziti zomwe zasintha mudzi wanu kapena mdela lanu? Nanga ndi ziti zomwe mukuziona kuti zisintha?

Nanga nchifukwa chiyani zinasintha kapena zitasinthe?

Ndi miyambo iti kapena zikhalidwe ziti zomwe zikupitilira komanso zili zabwino?

Kodi zabwinozi zikuoneka ngati zili kupita kokutha moti nkusowelatu pakutha kwa nthawi?

Nanga mungachite chiyani kuti mulimbikitse ndi kuonetsetsa kuti miyambo ndi zikhalidwe zabwinozi zipitilire?

2. Akatha kukambirana za kusintha kwa chikhalidwe afunseni kuti akambirane izi:

Ndi nthawi iti yomwe chikhalidwe chimathandiza anthu? Nanga ndi nthawi iti yomwe chikhalidwe chimabwezeletsa chitukuko mmbuyo?

3

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Kodi ndi zikhalidwe ndi miyambo iti zomwe zilipobe koma zakuti ndi zosathandiza ndipo zofunika zitasintha?

3. Lolani gulu lisankhe miyambo ina iwiri ndikuyikambirana Amai asankhe

mwambo oti umakhuza iwowo ndipo abambonso asankhe mwambo oti umakhuza iwowo.

4. Gulu kenaka likambirane zonse zokhuzana ndi miyambo. Akambiranenso ngati kuli

kotheka kusintha miyamboyi. Pochita izi tikhoza kufunsa mafunso awa:

Nchifukwa chiyani tili ndi mwambo uwu? Nanga ndi yani yemwe ankapindula ndi mwambo umenewu mmbuyomu? Nanga ndi yani yemwe amapsyinjika ndi mwambo umeneu?

Nanga alipo yemwe akuona ngati nkofunikabe kuti mwambo umenewu upitilire? Chifukwa chiyani?

Kodi nkotheka kupetsa ubwino wa mwambo umenewu kudzela mnjira zina zomwe zizingabweretse chipsyinjo chilichonse pa wina aliyense?

3: Malizani ntchitoyi powombera nkota ndi kuunikilanso mfundo zikuluzikulu monga zili mmunsizi:

Anthu ali ndi miyambo yina yabwino yomwe imalimbikitsa midzi ndi madela

Miyambo yina ndi yoipa kwa anthu ena ndipo imalepheletsa chitukuko.

Miyambo itha kusinthidwa ndi cholinga chofuna kupititsa patsogolo miyoyo ya abambo ndi amai ku midzi kwathu ndi ku madela athu.


Kuwombera Nkota

Nthawi: Mphindi 10 1: Kubweleza ndi kuwunikilanso mfundo za pa mutuwu.

Abambo ndi amai onse ali ndi kuthekela kwa padela.

Tikhoza kuthandizana bwino ngati timvetsetsa kuti tili ndi kuthekela kosiyanasiyana.

Anthu ali ndi miyambo yina yabwino yomwe imapangitsa kuti anthuwo azikhala bwino.

Miyambo yina ndi yoipa kwa anthu ena ndipo imalepheletsa chitukuko.

Miyambo itha kusintha ndi cholinga chopititsa patsogolo miyoyo ya anthu. 2: Lingalirani za kusintha pa moyo wanu. Afunseni anthu mafunso awa kapena gwiritsani ndondomeko ya kusintha.

Kodi lero ndaphunzirapo chatsopano chokhuza abambo ndi amai? Nanga ndi chiyani chatsopanochi?

Kodi lero ndaphunzirapo luso lililonse latsopano/ Nanga ndi luso lanji?

Nanga ndi chiyani chomwe ndingapange mu moyo wanga cholinga ndi zomwe ndaphunzira pa chikhalidwe komnso pomanga mfundo?

3: Pemphani munthu mmodzi odzipeleka kuti akonzetsele mwachidule kuti adzafotokozele za mutuwu musanayambe mutu wa patsogolowu.

4

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Uchembele ndi Ubereki Wabwino Pakati pa Amai ndi Abambo

Pa mutu uwu tifufuza komanso kulingalira za uchembele ndi ubereki pakati pa abambo ndi amai. Izi tichita kudzela mu nkhani ya Sarah ndi Abel Chikwelamwendo. Sarah ndi Abel ndi banja lomwe limamanga mfundo limodzi kuti adzigwiritsa ntchito njira za kulera kuti Sarah ndi banja lake akhale ndi thanzi.

Mutu 4


Zolinga zathu:

Mutuwu uthandiza anthu kuchita izi:

Kuganizira ndiponso kukambirana za thanzi, uchembele ndi ubeleki.

Kumvetsetsa kufunikila kwakuti abambo ndi amai azimanga mfundo

mogwirizana makamaka pa za uchembele ndi ubeleki (izi zikuphatikizapo

za kulera), kwinaku akumachengetana kuti zinthu ziyende bwino.

Nthawi:

Maola awiri ndi theka (2 hours ndi 30 minutes)

Zochita:

1. Kufotokozela za mutuwu

2. Zofunika pa uchembele ndi ubeleki kwa abambo ndi amai.

3. Maganizo athu pa nkhani ya thanzi, uchembele ndi ubeleki: Tikudziwanji?

4. Abambo ndi amai kusamalira thanzi lawo limodzi: nkhani ya Sarah ndi

Abel Chikwelamwendo.

5. Kuwombera nkota.

Zida zofunika:

Kanema wa nkhani ya Sarah ndi Abel Chikwelamwendo.

Pepala lalikulu kapena bolodi lolembapo ndi choko.

Zolembela zowala kwambiri.

Zipangizo zoonetsera kanema ndi wailesi ya kaseti

Kumbukirani

Nthawi zonse kumbukilani kuti ngati panenedwa zina zolimbikitsa

mctichitidwe ndi zikhulupiliro zosachitila ubwino abambo kapena amai,

tizipeleke kwa gulu kuti lizikambirane



Nthawi: Mphindi 10 1: Wunikilaninso mfundo ndi mganizo ochokela ku mutu tangomaliza kumenewu. Pamenepa funsani munthu uja anazipeleka kuti afotokozele gulu poyankha funso ili:

Kodi ndi mfundo ziti zomwe tinazikambirana mu mutu uja taumaliza kumene uja?

2: Kulingalira za kusintha pa moyo wathu. Pemphani anthu angapo ozipeleka kuti alankhulepo za zomwe analemba mu ndindomeko yawo ya kusintha ngakhalenso zomwe analingalira ngati sanalembe mu ndondomeko yawo.



Mafunso otsogolera:


Kodi kaganizidwe kanu kasintha mwa mtundu uliwonse? Zasintha bwanji?


Nanga mwakonza kuchitapo kanthu pa zomwe mwaphunzirazi? Muchitaponji?

Kodi mwachitapo kanthu kale? 3: Fotokozelani mutuwu motere: Pa mutu uwu tikambirana za thanzi la abambo ndi amai makamaka za uchembele ndi ubereki.

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Zofunika pa Uchembele ndi Ubereki kwa Abambo ndi Amai

Nthawi: Mphindi 30 Tipindulanji? Pa ntchitoyi gulu lifufuza ndi kupeza zithu zosiyanasiyana zomwe abambo ndi amai amafuna pa uchembele ndi ubereki. 1: Kukambirana mmagulu ang’onoang’ono a abambo paokha ndi amai paokha. Lifotokozeleni gulu motere: Tikambirana zomwe munthu wa ku mudzi amafuna kuti akhale ndi moyo wabwino wa uchembele ndi ubereki.

Anthu agawidwe mmagulu a abambo paokha komanso amai paokha. Izi ndizofunika chifukwa mwina pakhoza kukhala zinthu zina zomwe sangamasuke nazo akakhala limodzi makamaka nkhani ngati imeneyi. Amai akambirane zofuna za mai wa kumudzi ndipo abambo akambirane zofuna za bambo wa kumudzi.

Ayambe ndi kujambula chithunzi cha mai wa ku mudzi weniweni ndi bambo wa ku mudzi weniweni mmagulu mwawomo. Izi zipangitsa kuti akhale ndi chithunzi cha munthu amen akumulingalira.

Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mafunso ali mmunsiwa potsogolera zokambirana. Pamene mukufunsa mafunsowa lembani zofuna za anthuwa zomwe zikutchulidwa ndi gulu.

Chofunika nchiyani kuti munthu ameneyu akhale ndi thanzi?

Chofunika nchiyani kuti munthu ameneyu akhale ndi maubale ndi maubwenzi oyenda bwino?

Kodi zofuna za munthu ameneyu za uchembele ndi ubereki ndi chiyani?

Kodi munthu ameneyu achite chiyani kuti apewe mavuto obwera chifukwa cha uchembele ndi ubereki? Nanga achite chiyani kuti athane ndi mavuto amenewa?

2: Magulu afotokozele gulu lonse zomwe akambirana. Otsogolera afunsenso mafunso awa ku gulu lalikulu:

Kodi mayankho aabambo ndi amai anali ofanana kapena anali osiyana?

Kodi zofuna za abambo ndi amai pa uchembele ndi zosiyana bwanji? Kapena ndi zofanana bwanji?

3: Omberani nkota pounikira mfundo zomwe zinatuluka ndi kuwauza kuti tilingalira mozama mu ntchito yotsatira.

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Ndilibe chiganizo chokhazikika

Ndikugwirizana nazo Sindikugwirizana nazo

Maganizo Athu pa Nkhani ya Thanzi, Uchembele ndi Ubereki: Tikudziwanji?

Nthawi: Mphindi 30 Tipindulanji? Ntchitoyi ifufuza kumvetsa kwa gululi pa nkhani ya thanzi. Mfundo zitatuluke apa zitithandiza kuti tigwirizane kuti uchembele ndi ubereki wa bwino ndi chiyani. 1: Fotokozelani za ntchitoyi ndi zolinga zake. Fotokozani motere: Cholinga cha ntchitoyi ndi kufufuza zikhulupiliro zina ndi maganizo ena zokhuzana ndi uchembele komanso ubereki.Aliyense akhoza kutenga nawo mbali pa ntchito imeneyi.Aliyense akhoza kuona kugwirizana kapena kutsutsana ndi ziganizo zomwe zitapelekedwe popeleka zifukwa.

2: Pangani magulu osiyanitsa momwe munthu akugwirizanirana kapena kutsutsana

ndi chiganizo.

Apempheni onse kuti apite kumbuyo kwa malo a msonkhano. Auzeni kuti pamene aimapo pakutanthauza kuti sanapange chiganizo chokhazikika.

Pemphani atatu ozipeleka kuti aziyitanila. Wina mwa iwowa akhale “Ndikugwirizana nazo”, wina akhale “Sindikugwirizana nazo” ndipo wina akhale “Sindinapange chiganizo chokhazikika”.Oyitanilawa akhale malo osiyana monga momwe zikuonekela m’bokosili.

3: Otsogolera akawelenga chiganizo, aliyense asankhe poima.

Afotokozeleni kuti muziwawerengera chiganizo. Zina mwa ziganizozi zikhala zakuti akhala ndithu ndi maganizo osiyana.

Ziganizo zotsogolera:

1. Chikondi nchofunika kwa anthu a thanzi.

2. Abambo ndi amai ali nazo zonse zofunika kuti akhale ndi moyo wabwino wa

uchembele ndi ubeleki wa bwino.

3. Abambo ndi amai amafunika kumanga limodzi mfundo zokhuza uchembele ndi

ubeleki kuti banja lawo likhale la thanzi.


“Chikondi nchofunika kwa anthu a thanzi.”

Uzani onse kuti achite motere:

Aganizire za chiganizo chawerengedwachi ndikusankha malo oti akaimepo mogwirizana ndi maganizo awo.Ngati alibe maganizo okhazikika akhale pomwepo pomwe pali pa “ndilibe chiganizo chokhazikika”

Oyitanila onse aja anenenso mbali yawo kuti anthu amvetsetse kuti asankhadi moyenera mogwirizana ndi momwe akuganizira. Mwachitsanzo anene kuti “ngati simukugwirizana nazo bwerani pano” kapena “ngati mukugwirizana nazo bwerani pano.”

4: Wongolerani zokambirana.

Anthu akatha kusankha malo oti aime, funsani ena ozipeleka kuchokela mmagulu osiyanawa kuti afotokoze chifukwa chomwe ayimila malo omwe ayimawo.

Cholinga sikupangitsa wina kuti asinthe mbali koma kuti anthu aganizile mozama za kusankha kwawo komanso kuti aphunzire kuchokela kwa amzawo.

5: Aliyense apite malo a “ndikugwirizana” nazo kapena “sindikugwirizana nazo.”

Aja analibe mbali tsopano apite imodzi mwa mbali ziwiri atamvetsela zifukwa zomwe ena apitilapo.

Aja anasankha kale akhoza kusintha mbali ngati asintha maganizo.

Ngati ena sanasankhebe onetsetsani kuti akumvetsetsa zomwe mukunena pofotokozeranso mwa njira ina.

6: Mukawerenga chiganizo chilichonse funsani mafunso awa.

Kodi tonse tikugwirizana nazo?

Kodi abambo ndi amai omwe ali mgulu lino akuganiza mosiyana pa nkhani imeneyi? Chifukwa chiyani?

Nanga izi zingabweletse zovuta zanji mbanja komanso pa mudzi?? 7: Bwerezani ndime 3, 4, 5 ndi 6 pa ziganizo zinazo.

Chidziwitso kwa otsogolera: nkofunika kuunikila mfundo zomwe zatchulidwa ndi

gulu limodzi koma ngati zilinso zabwino kwa onse. Funsani mafunso woti awapangitse

kulingalira mozama za mfundozo. Mwachitsanzo, kodi nkofunikila kwa amai okha kudziwa

njira za kulera? Chifukwa chiyani? Ubwino odziwa onse awiri, abambo ndi amai ndi

chiyani?


8: Womberani nkota wa zokambiranazi pounikilanso mfundo zikuluzikulu zili mmunsimu:

Kuti tikhale a thanzi tiyenera kusamalira matupi athu, maganizo athu komanso maubale omwe tili nawo ndi anthu ena.

Abambo ndi amai ali ndi zofuna zofanana zokhuza uchembele ndi ubereki, komanso zilipo zina zomwe zili zosiyana.

Nkofunika kuti amai ndi abambo apeze zofuna zawo zokhuza uchembele ndi ubereki kuti akhale ndi thanzi.

Uchembele ndi ubereki umayendera limodzi ndi thanzi la banja lonse. Amai ndi abambo onse amafunika kukhala a thanzi.

Abambo akuyenera kutenga nawo pa za uchembele ndi ubereki kuti banja lawo likhale la thanzi.


Abambo ndi Amai Kusamalira Thanzi lawo Limodzi: Nkhani ya Sarah ndi Abel Chikwelamwendo Nthawi: 40 Mphindi Tipindulanji? Ntchito iyi ithandiza gulu kuganizila ndi kukambirana kufunikira kwakuti abambo ndi amai asamalire thanzi la wina ndi mnzake komanso kufunikira komagira mfundo limodzi makamaka zokhuzana ndi zinthu zofunikira ngati uchembele ndi ubereki. 1: Onetsani kanema wa nkhani ya Sarah ndi Abel Chikwelamwendo ndipo kenaka kambiranani pogwiritsa ntchito mafunfo.

Uzani gulu kuti tsopano limvetsera nkhani ya uchembele ndi ubereki ya banja lomwe likulimbikitsa thanzi mmbanja lawo.

Funsani anthu kuti anene zomwe akuonamo mu mgwirizano wa banja ili.

Tsindikizani kuti anthu ali mu kanemayu ndi eni eni osati azisudzo chabe. Mafunso pa nkhani ya Sarah ndi Abel:

Munaganiza chiyani mutamvela nkhani ya Sarah ndi Abel?

Kodi panali china chomwe chinakudabwitsani?

Kodi awiriwa amalankhulana motani?

Kodi awiririwa amamanga bwanji mfundo zawo?

Kodi ubwino womangila limodzi mfundo zokhudza chiwerengelo cha ana pa banja ndi chiyani?

Nanga ndi chiyani chomwe Sara ndi Abel angafune kuti abambo ndi amai aphunzirepo?

2: Akatha kulingalira za kanema afunseni za zomwe zimachitika mmudzi kmwawo pofunsa mafunso otsatilawa.

Kodi mmudzi mwanu muli ma banja lomwe limachita monga momwe likuchitila banja la Sarah ndi Abel? Tiuzeni za banja limenelo.

Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe mwaphunzira kuchokela pa nkhaniyi chomwe mungafune kuti chikhale mbali ya moyo wanu monga abambo, amai kapenanso monga banja?

3: Malizani ntchitoyi polingaliranso za mfundo zikuluzikulu monga ili mmunsiyi: Nkofunikila kwambiri kuti abambo ndi amai asamalirane ndiponso kuti amange mfundo zawo mogwirizana makamaka pa nkhani zokhuza onse awiri ngati kulera.

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Kuwombera Nkota Nthawi: Mphindi 10

1: Lingaliraninso mfundo zikuluzikulu zomwe zatuluka pa mutu umenewu monga zili mmunsizi.

Kuti tikhale ndi thanzi tiyenera kusamalira matupi athu, maganizo athu komanso maubale omwe tili nawo ndi amzathu.

Abambo ndi amai ali ndi zofuna zofanana pa nkhani ya uchembele ndi ubereki. Komabe alinazo zina zomwe zili zosiyana.

Nkofunika kuti amai ndi abambo akwanilitse zofunika pa uchembele ndi uberekizi kuti akhale ndi thanzi.

Uchembele ndi ubereki ndi nkhani yokhuza thanzi la banja lonse.

Mai ndi bambo onse amafunika kukhala a thanzi kuti banjanso likhalenso la thanzi.

Abambo akuyenera kutenga nawo mbali pa uchembele ndi ubereki kuti banja likhale la thanzi.

Anthu a pa banja akuyenera kusamalirana ndi kumanga mfundo mogwirizana makamaka mfundo zokhuza onse monga kulera.

2: Kusinkhasinkha za kusintha pa moyo wathu. Lifunseni gulu mafunso otsatirawa.

Kodi lero ndaphunzira chilichonse chokhuzana ndi uchembele ndi ubereki pakati pa abambo ndi amai? Ndi chiyani chomwe ndaphunzira?

Kodi lero ndaphunzira chilichonse chokhuzana ndi kumanga mfundo mogwirizana makamaka mfundo zokhuza uchembele ndi ubereki? Nanga ndi ziti zomwe ndaphunzirazo?

Kodi lero ndaphunzira luso lililonse ndi nzeru zina za tsopano?

Nanga ndi chiyani chomwe ndingachite pa moyo wanga molingana ndi zomwe ndaphunzira?

3: Pemphani munthu mmodzi ozipeleka kuti akonzetsele kuzagawana mwachidule ndi gulu lonse zomwe taphunzira pa mutuwu tikamazayamba mutu wa patsogolo.

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Matenda Opatsilana Pogonana, HIV ndi Edzi

Pa mutu uwu tifufuza ndi kulingalira za matenda opatsirana pogonana komanso kachilombo ka HIV ndi vuto la edzi kudzera mu nkhani ya Luke ndi Prossy Ssemwogerere. Luke ndi Prossy ndi anthu oti mmodzi wa iwo ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV pomwe wina alibe. Koma iwowa akukhalilabe limodzi ngati banja.

Mutu 5


Zolinga zathu:

Mutuwu utithandiza kuti:

Tilingalire ndi kukambirana za miyambo ndi zikulupiliro zokhuzana

ndi nkhani zogonana zomwe zimatiyika pa choopsya chotenga

matenda opatsirana pogonana komanso kachilombo ka HIV.

Timvetse kufunikila kwa chilimbikitso chomwe munthu amalandila

kuchokela kwa anthu a mbanja lake ndi mmudzi mwake makamaka

akhala kuti ali ndi vuto la HIV ndi Edzi.

Nthawi:

Maola awiri ndi theka (2 hours 30 minutes)

Zochitika:

1. Kufotokozela mutuwu

2. Kumvetsetsa chiopsyezo chomwe abambo ndi amai ali nacho chotenga

matenda opatsirana pogonana komanso kachilombo ka HIV:

Masewera a Taso.

Kumvetsetsa za HIV ndi maubale omwe timakhala

3. Kukhala ndi HIV ndi Edzi: Nkhani ya Luke ndi Prossy Ssemwogerere.

4. Kuwombela.

Zipangizo zofunika:

Kanema wa nkhani ya Luke ndi Prossy Ssemwogerere.

Mapepala akulukulu ndi bolodi.

Mapepala ang’onoang’ono patalembedwa ndi + ndi -.

Zolembela zowala ndi choko.

Makina owonetsela kanema ndi wailesi ya kaseti.

Kumbukirani

Kuti nkofunika kuti gulu likambirane chilichonse chomwe wina

mgulumo anganene chooneka kuti chikhoza kulimbikitsa zikhulupiliro

ndi mchitidwe olakwika omwe tikufuna kusinthawu.

Dziwani maina a matenda opatsilana pogonana omwe amagwiritsidwa

ntchito malo omwe muli.

Dziwani zipatala zomwe zili pafupi koti anthu angathe kukalandila

chithandizo cha matenga opatsilana pogonana ndi HIV ndi Edzi.


Kufotokozera za Mutuwu Nthawi: Mphindi 10 1: Wunikilaninso mfundo ndi maganizo ochokela ku mutu tangomaliza kumenewu. Pamenepa funsani munthu uja anazipeleka kuti afotokozele gulu poyankha funso ili: Kodi ndi mfundo ziti zomwe tinazikambirana mu mutu uja taumaliza kumene uja? 2: Kulingalira za kusintha pa moyo wathu. Pemphani anthu angapo ozipeleka kuti alankhulepo za zomwe analemba mu ndondomeko yawo ya kusintha ngakhalenso zomwe analingalira ngati sanalembe mu ndondomeko yawo.



Mafunso otsogolera:


Kodi kaganizidwe kanu kasintha mwa mtundu ulionse? Zasintha bwanji?


Nanga mwakonza kuchitapo kanthu pa zomwe mwaphunzirazi? Muchitapo chanji?

Kodi mwachitapo kanthu kale? 3: Fotokozerani za mutuwu motere: Pa mutu uwu tifufuza ndi kulingalira za matenda opatsirana pogonana komanso HIV ndi Edzi ndi momwe izi zikukhuzila mabanja ndi midzi.

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Kumvetsetsa Chiopsezo chomwe Abambo ndi Amai ali nacho Chotenga Matenda Opatsirana Pogonana komanso Kachilombo

ka HIV Nthawi: 60 Mphindi (1 Ola) Tipindulanji? Cholinga cha ntchitoyi ndi kulimbikitsa anthu kuti alingalire ndi kukambirana za maganizo ndi miyambo zomwe zimawayika abambo ndi amai pa choopsya choti atha kutenga matenda opatsirana pogonana komanso HIV ndi Edzi. Tisinkhasinkhanso kuti tione kuti ndi chifukwa chiyani amai akhala pa choopsya chachikulu kusiyana ndi abambo. Ntchito 2.1: Masewero a Taso. 1: Funsani anthu kuti asankhe kapepala mu kabokosi kapena chipewa (awa ndi mapepala aja mwa alemba – ndi +). Tengani kapepala kamodzi nanunso koma kakhale kolembedwa “+”. Nenetsani kuti asaone zalembedwa pa kapepela kawo mpaka atauzidwa kutero. 2: Auzeni anthu kuti ayendeyende mchipindamo kupeleka moni wa pamkono kwa anzawo kwinaku akumacheza. Inunso muchite zomwezo. 3: Yimitsani masewerawo mukawona kuti aliyense wapeleka moni kwa anthu anayi kapena asanu. Kenaka uzani aliyense kuti ayang’ane zomwe zalembedwa pa kapepala kake. 4: Yitanani onse omwe kapepala kawo kalembedwa “+” kuti abwere kutsogolo. Fotokozani kwa omwe abwera kutsogolowa kuti masewerawa akuyelekeza kuti iwowa ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Fotokozaninso kuti kungopeleka moni munthu sangatenge kachilombo, koma kuti awa ndi masewera chabe. 5: Yitananinso onse omwe anapeleka moni kwa amene ali kale kutsogolowa kuti nawonso abwere kutsogolo. Fotokozani kuti masewerawa akuyelekeza kuti anthu amenewa ali pa choopsya chachikulu chotenga kachilombo ka HIV. 6: Kenaka muone kuti watsala yani. Fotokozani kuti masewerawa akuyelekeza kuti atsalawa sakudziwika kuti ali bwanji. Akhoza kukhala kuti anali amzawo a aja ali ndi kachilombo nthawi yomwe analibe kachilombo. Komabe anthu amenewa ali choopsya nawonso.

Chidziwitso kwa

otsogolera. Ntchito

imenenyi ithandiza anthu

kuti amvetse kuti

kachilombo ka HIV

kamafalikila msanga

kwambiri.

Zida zofunikila.

Timapepala tolembedwa “+”

ndi “-“, kamodzi aliyense

kuphatikizapo inuyo: 25%

tikhale ndi “+” ndipo 75%

tikhale ndi “-“.

Kufotokoza. Anthuwa

akapasidwa kapepala

kamodzikamodzi acheze

kaye ndi anzawo kwa

kanthawi asanaitanidwe

polingana ndi zomwe

zalembedwa pa pepala lawo.

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7: Kambiranani ngati gulu. Kenako afunseni kuti kutengera masewero amenewa:

Kodi ndi angati anali ndi kachilombo pachiyambi?

Nanga ndi angati omwe ali pa choopsya chachikulu chotenga kachilombo ka HIV?

Nanga ena omwe ali pa choopsya ndi angati?

Ndi angati omwe sanatengebe kachilombo?

Izi zikutiuza chiyani za momwe kamfalira ka chilombo ka HIV? 8: Womberani nkota ponena mfundo izi:

Tonse tili pa choopsya chotenga kachilombo ka HIV.

Sitingathe kunena ngati wina ali ndi kachilombo pongomuyang’ana. Ntchito 2.2: Maganizo athu pa HIV ndi maubale. 1: Wunikirani matanthauzo a matenda opatsilana pogonana, HIV ndi edzi musayambe kukambirana za nkhaniyi. Yambani zokambiranazi pofunsa mafunso otsatirawa:

Kodi matenda opatsirana pogonana nchiyani?

Zitsanzo za matenda amenewa ndi chiyani?

Kodi HIV nchiyani? Nanga edzi nchiyani?

Kodi HIV ndi edzi zimasiyana bwanji?

Kodi anthu amatenga bwanji matendawa ndi kachilombo ka HIV?

Chidziwitso kwa

otsogolera: mukuyenera

kuwonjezera pa zomwe

anthu akudziwa kale.

Tikamafotokoza tiyenera

kudziwa zifukwa zomwe

zimapangitsa kuti ena

asamvetse zinthu. Sibwino

kungonena kuti “awa

ndimaganizo olakwika”

tisanamvetse chomwe

chikupangitsa kuti

asamvetse zinthu.

Chidziwitso kwa otsogolera: Nkofunika kukumbukira kuti cholinga cha ndime 1 ya

ntchitoyi ndi kungounikira za matenda opatsirana pogonana, HIV ndi edzi osati ngati

maphunziro pa zinthu zimenezi. Ngati anthu angafunse mafunso ambiri oti inu

nkulephera kuyankha, alangizeni kuti apite ku chipatala chomwe ali nacho pafupi kapena

kwa ogwira ntchito ku chipatala.


Chidziwitso kwa otsogolera. Onetsetsani kuti mu zokambirana zanu mulinso zidziwitso izi.

Matenda opatsilana pogonana ndi matenda omwe anthu amapatsilana akagonana mosadziteteza.

Zitsanzo za matendawa ndi chindoko, mabomu, chizonono, mauka. Matendawa ngati sitipita nawo ku chipatala munthu atha kukhala osabeleka. Zikhozanso kuonjezera mwai

oti nkutenga HIV.

Nkofunika kulandila chithandizo ngati tadwala chindoko ngakhale nthenda iliyonse ya mtundu umenewu

chifukwa tikapanda kutero mwana wa mmimba naye amatengela. Chindoko chimapha komanso kuyambitsa

khungu kwa ana obadwa kwa munthu ali ndi chindoko koma sanalandile chithandizo.

Ndi cha mwai kuti matenda ambiri opatsilana pogonana amachilitsidwa ngati tapita kwa achipatala odziwa

ntchito yawo bwino.

Chitetezo cha mthupi ku HIV ndi Edzi.

Aliyense ali ndi chitetezo cha chibadwa mthupi mwake chomwe chimakhala ngati chishango kuti asadwale.

Chishango chathu timachisamalira posamalira thanzi lathu pakudya za magulu ndi kuchita masewero

olimbitsa thupi.

Chishango chathu chimachepetsa nphamvu ya matenda mthupi mwathu, komabe timatenda tina timalowabe

moti munthu atha kudwalabe nthawi zina.

HIV ndi kachilombo komwe kamalowa nthupi la munthu nkumaswana. Kamafoola chitetezo cha munthu

moti chimalephela kulimbana ndi matenda. Kachilombo kameneka kamagwira ntchito mosiyana ndi

tizilombo tina. Kachilomboka sikuti kamatidwalitsa pakokha ayi, kamafoola chishango chathu choncho

chimakhala ndi mabowo omwe amalola matenda kulowa.

Anthu omwe ali ndi HIV amadwala matenda a edzi. Edzi imayamba kachilombo ka HIV kakakhala mthupi

kwa nthawi mwinanso zaka zingapo. Mankhwala otchedwa ARV (mankhwala obwezera chitetezo mthupi)

amathandiza kuti munthu akhalebe bwino ngakhale samachotsa kachilomboko.

Anthu omwe ali ndi HIV nthawi zambiri amamwalira ndi matenda monga TB (chifuwa chachikulu)

ngakhalenso matenda ena chifukwa matupi awo amakhala atafooka. Koma tikumbukile kuti sikuti aliyense

yemwe ali ndi matendawa alinso ndi HIV.

Njira yodziwika kwambiri yomwe anthu ambiri amatengera kachilombo ka HIV ndi kugonana mosadziteteza.

Komanso tikhoza kupatsilana kudzera mu zinthu zoboolera khungu monga singano. Njira zina ndi kugawana

magazi kuchipala, kuchoka kwa mai wa pakati kupita kwa mwana osabadwa komanso nthawi yobeleka ndi

kuyamwitsa.

Pongomuyang’ana chabe sitingathe kudziwa kuti munthu ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kapena alibe. Njira

yokhayo yodziwira ndi kuyezetsa magazi. Munthu ukakhala kuti uli ndi kachilombo ka HIV, ukhoza kulandila chithandizo kuphatikizapo

mankhwala obwezeletsa chitetezo mthupi, chithandizo cha matenda ena ndi ena komanso ulangizi

oteteza kuti tisapatsile ana omwe ali mmimba. Tikhoza kulandilanso uphungu ndi chisamaliro mmidzi

mwathu.

Kusiyana kwa HIV ndi Edzi ndi kwakuti HIV ndi kachilombo komwe kamalimbana ndi chitetezo cha

mthupi la munthu pomwe Edzi ndi matenda omwe amabwera mthupi chifukwa chitetezo cha mthupi

chafooka.


2: Funsani mafunso otsatilawa.

Kodi amai ndi abambo ali pa chioospyezo chofanana chotenga matenda opatsilana pogonana ndi kachilombo ka edzi.

Kodi abambo ndi amai ali ndi mwai ofanana kupanga chiganizo pa nkhani zogonana? Mwachitsanzo kuti apanga nthawi yanji ndiponso ndi yani? Fotokozani

Kodi zovuta zomwe amakumana nazo amai ndi zotani?

Kodi zovuta zomwe amakumana nazo abambo ndi zotani?

Kodi amai ndi abambo ali ndi mwai ofanana oti nkunena kuti akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito Kondomu? Nanga omwe ndi mwai oterewo ndi yani? Nanga nchifukwa chiyani?

Kodi abambo ambiri akhoza kuganiza chiyani za mai yemwe angapezeke ndi makondomu komanso nkunena kuti iye akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu ndi chibwenzi chake? Kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ndi mwamuna wake? Nanga amai anzake akhoza kuganiza? Nanga inuyo mukuganiza chiyani?

Kodi amai ambiri akhoza kuganiza chiyani za bambo yemwe ali ndi makondomu ndipo akufuna kuwagwiritsa ntchito ndi chibwenzi chake? Ndi mkazi wake? Kodi amuna ena akhoza kuganiza chiyani? Nanga inu mukuganiza chiyani?

3: Womberani nkota pounikila mfundo motere:

Amai ndi abambo ali pa choopsya chotenga matenda opatsirana pogonana komanso kachilombo ka HIV kudzera mkugonana kosadziteteza. Koma amai ali pa chiopsezo chachikulu pa zifukwa zambiri. Zifukwazi zina ndi zachikhalidwe ndipo zina ndi za chilengedwe.

Amai ndi abambo ali ndi mwai komanso kuthekela kosiyana koti nkuziteteza ku HIV ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana makamaka kunenelera kuti agwiritse ntchito kondomu ndi omwe amagonana nawo.

Chikhalidwe ndi miyambo zimapangitsa kuti amai ndi abambo azichiona chinthu chovuta kugwiritsa ntchito makondomu.


Chidziwitso kwa otsogolera: Zoona zeni zeni pa HIV ndi Edzi komanso Jenda:

HIV ndi Edzi ndi vuto la amai ndi abambo omwe koma chiopsyezo chotenga

kachilombo ndi zoyambitsa matenda zimagonela pa zifukwa za chilengedwe

komanso kusiyana komwe kulipo pakati pa amai ndi abambo ndi zikhalidwe zina.

Mmene tikulankhulamu anthu theka la anthu 36.1 million omwe ali ndi

kachilombo ka HIV ndi amai ndi chiwelengelo chikupita mmwamba.

Anthu oposa theka omwe ali ndi kachilombo ku mmwela kwa Africa ndi amai.

Atsikana ali pa chiopsyezo chachikulu chotenga kachilombo ka HIV kuposa

anyamata.

Zifukwa zina zomwe zimaika amai pachiopsyezo chotenga kachilombo ndi

miyambo, umbuli, umphawi komanso kusiyana komwe kulipo chifukwa

chachikhalidwe.

Nthawi zambiri ndiponso mmalo ambiri abambo ndiwo amanena momwe

zogonana zikuyenera kuchitikila. Iwo amamanga mfundo kuti amai ndi ana

atsatile.

Amai amakumva kuwawa kwambiri kusalidwa. Amai makamaka achipele ali pa

choopsya chachikulu chotenga matenda apogonana chifukwa cha momwe ziwalo

zawo zilili.

Chidziwitso china kwa otsogolera: Mfundo zina zokhuza anthu okwatilana omwe

wina amakkala ndi kachilombo pomwe wina sakhala nako (pa chizungu amati

Discordant).

Mmayiko ngati Malawi komwe chiwerengelo cha anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV

chili chokwera, sichachilendo kupeza pakati pa anthu okwatilana wina ali ndi

kachilombo koma wina alibe. Anthu ambiri amaona ngati izi sizingatheke, koma

ndizotheka anthu kukhala chomwechi kwa zaka zambiri mwina kusika khumi. Komabe

mosatengela kuti iwe atakuyeza akupeza bwanji, nkofunikila kuti wachikondinso

akayezetse naye. Nkotheka kulandila zotsatila zosiyana ngakhale mutachita kupitila

limodzi ngati banja koyezetsa. Pali zifukwa zosiyasiyana zomwe zimapelekedwa

kufotokozera zinthu zimenezi. Nkovuta kudziwa kuti chimachitika nchiyani, koma

chomwe tikudziwa ndi chakuti kuti kachilombo kalowe mmagazi kamayenera kupeza

kaye mwai wolowera. Zili chimodzimodzi ngati udzuzu, sionse omwe waluma munthu

umayambitsa malungo. Nzothekanso kuti momwe banjali limapezana wina anali

choncho kale koma osadziwa. Nkofunika kuti mabanja azidziwa momwe alili chifukwa

ndi pomwe angathe kuziteteza komanso kuteteza ana awo. Koma ngati ali ndi zotsatila

zosiyana atayezetsa, yemwe alibe uja amakhala ali pa choopsya chachikulu chotenga

kachilombo kaja. Iwowa sikuti angatetezedwe chifukwa chakuti akukhulupilika kokha.

Source: Allen 1992, Kamenga 1991, Keogh 1994, Roth 2001, Weinhardt 1999


Kukhala ndi Kachilombo ka HIV komanso Vuto la Edzi: Nkhani ya Prossy ndi Luke Ssemwogerre

Nthawi: Mphindi 40 Tipindulanji? Pa ntchito iyi anthu adzalingalira ndi kukambirana za chipsyinjo chomwe pa munthu komanso mabanja chifukwa cha HIV ndi Edzi. Anthu alingalire ndi kukambilananso za kufunika kolimbikitsidwa ndi wokondedwa wako komanso anthu a mmudzi mwawo. Adzaunikilanso maganizo komanso timiyambo tomwe timapangitsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi HIV ndi Edzi azisalidwa. Ntchitoyi ithandiza kuunikila zovuta zosiyanasiyana zomwe amai ndi abambo amakumana nazo akaganiza zouza anthu ena kuti iwo ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. 1: Wonetsani kanema wa nkhani ya Prossy ndi Luke Ssemwogerere. a. a. Kambiranani mafunso otsatilawa.

Adziwitseni kuti mkanemayu awona banja lomwe likulimbana ndi zovuta zomwe zimabwera chifukwa cha HIV.

Apempheni kuti akhale tchelu kwambiri kuti aone kuti kodi banja limeneli likuchita bwanji kuti zawo ziyende komanso kuti awone momwe anthu ena akuchitila nawo.

Tsindikizaninso kuti anthu omwe ali mkanemayu ndi anthu eni eni osati azisudzo chabe.

Mafunso pa nkhani ya Prossy ndi Luke

Kodi mwaganiza chiyani pa nkhani ya Prossy ndi Luke?

Kodi panali china chomwe chinakudabwitsani? Ndi chiyani chomwe chinakudabwitsani?

Kodi mukuganizanji za momwe Prossy ndi Luke akuchengeterana? Chifukwa chiyani?

Nanga mukuganizapo bwanji pa ganizo la Prossy kuti akhalebe ndi Luke? Chinampangitsa iyeyu ndi chiyani kuti atero?

Akadakhala kuti Prossy ndi amene ali ndi kachilombo, Luke akadatani?

Kodi ubwino woteteza wachikondi wako kuti asatenge kachilombo ka HIV ndi wotani?

Kodi ndi njira ziti zomwe mabanja angathe kutetezerana?

Nanga ndi chiyani chomwe Prossy ndi Luke angafune kuti anthu ena aphunzirepo pa nkhani yawoyi?

2: Tsopano lingalirani za zomwe zimachitika mmidzi yawo. Awuzeni anthu kuti alingalire zomwe amaziona zikuchitika mmabanja omwe ali ndi kachilombo a mmizi mwawo.

3

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Kodi mukudziwapo banja lililonse lomwe wina pakati pawo ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV?

Atati mbanja ndi mmodzi yekha yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, kodi anthu angamachite nawo mosiyana?

Kodi mukuona ngati zinthu zitha kusintha atakhala kuti mwamuna ali ndi kachilombo ndipo mkazi alibe kuyelekeza ndi kuti mkazi ali ndi kachilombo ndipo mwamuna alibe?

Nanga tingawalimbikitse bwanji mabanja kuti azikhala moyo wabwino ngakhale wina atakhala ndi kachilombo?

3: Wombani nkota pounikilanso mfundo zikuluzikulu zomwe anthu azinena

motere: Alipo ambiri mabanja omwe wina pakati pawo ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV

pomwe alibe. 20 mu 100 aliwonse a anthu amenwa anakayezetsa ku MACRO.

Anthu amachita mosiyana ndi abambo ndi amai omwe ali mmabanja oterewa.

Anthu azilimbikitsa onse, abambo ndi amai omwe ali mmabanja oterewa ndipo asawasale.

Mabanja azipita kukayezetsa magazi limodzi kuti athe kuziteteza ku matenda komanso kupeza njira zokhalira ndi thanzi.

Nkofunika kuteteza banja wokondedwa wathu ku kachilombo ka HIV chifukwa timawakonda komanso chifukwa cha tsogolo la ana athu.

Chidziwitso kwa otsogolera: Ngati mfundo zina zofunika sizitchulidwa,

yeselani kufunsanso kuti tione kuti tingachite chiyani.

Zomwe tingathe kuchita:

Kupita kukayezetsa limodzi ngati banja.

Kuteteza wachikondi wathu kuti asatenge kachilombo podziletsa ndi

kugwiritsa ntchito makondomu

Kuyambitsa magulu a mabanja kuti tizilimbikitsana.


Kuwombera Nkota

Nthawi: Mphindi 10 1: Wombani nkota wa ntchito ya lero motere.

Sitingathe kudziwa kuti munthu ali ndi HIV ndi maso.

Amai ndi abambo ali pa chiopsezo chotenga matenda opatsilana pogonana komanso HIV kudzela mu kugonana kosadziteteza. Koma amai ali chiopsezo chachikulu chifukwa chachilengedwe.

Amai ndi abambo ali nako kuthekera kosiyana poziteteza ku HIV komanso matenda ena opatsilana pogonana makamaka kuthekera kodziwa kunenera kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu.

Chikhalidwe chimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti abambo ndi amai agwiritse ntchito makondomu mbanja kapena pa chibwenzi.

Mabanja amachita nawo mosiyana amai ndi abambo omwe ali ndi HIV anthuwa ngati ali a pabanja koma onse akufunika chikondi ndi chilimbikitso.

Anthu azilimbikitsa onse, abambo ndi amai omwe ali ndi HIV, asasalidwe.

Nkofunika kwambiri kuti mabanja azikayezetsa magazi limodzi kuti athe kuziteteza komanso kuti athe kukhala moyo wa thanzi.

Nkofunika kuteteza wokondedwa wako chifukwa umamukonda komanso chifukwa cha tsogolo la ana anu.

2: Lingalirani za kusintha kwa moyo wau: Funsani mafunso ali mmunsiwa kapena gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko ya kusintha.

Kodi lero ndaphunzirapo chinthu chatsopano? Nanga ndi chiyani chatsopanochi?

Kodi lero ndaphunzirako luso latsopano kapena maganizo atsopano? Nanga ndi chiyani chomwe ndaphunzilacho?

Ndi chiyani chomwe ndingachite pa moyo wanga molingana ndi zomwe ndaphunzira?

3: Pemphani muthu mmodzi ozipeleka kuti akonzetsele kuzafotokozera amnzake za phunziro la lero tisanayambe phunziro la pa tsogolopa.

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Chibwenzi cha Pakati pa Anthu Osiyana Zaka.

Mu mutu uwu tiyang’ana maubwenzi a anthu wosiyana zaka kupyolera mu nkhani ya Tamara Banda. Tamara ndi msikana yemwe adali pa ubwenzi ndi abambo aakulu ndi zaka zoposera khumi kwa iye zimene zidasintha moyo wake koposa. Iyeyu tsopano akuphunzitsa achinyamata pa zinthu zomwe akuyenera kuganizira mozama asadayambe kupanga zibwenzi zogonana.

Mutu 6


Zolinga zathu:

Mutu uwu upatsa mwai ku gulu kuti:

Afufuze ndi kulingalira pa zoopsa za maubwenzi ogonana pakati pa amai ndi

abambo osiyana zaka.

Afufuze ndi kukambirana ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhuza maubwenzi apakati pa amai

ndi abambo osiyana zaka.

Afufuze zotsatira za maubwenzi apakati pa amai ndi abambo osiyana zaka.

Kulingalira ndi kukambirana zochita zing’onozing’ono zomwe atsikana, abambo ndi

anthu ozungulira dera lawo angachite pokonza pa nkhani za maubwenzi apakati pa

atsikana ndi azibambo akuluakulu.

Nthawi:

2 hours ndi 30 minutes

Zochita:

1. kufotokozera mutuwu

2. kumvetsa maubwenzi apakati pa amai ndi abambo osiyana zaka

3. zoopsa ndi zotsatira za maubwenzi apakati pa anthu osiyana zaka: nkhani ya

Tamara Banda

4. kuombera nkota

Zipangizo zofunika:

Chithuzi chimodzi cha chibwenzi cha anthu osiyana zaka

Kanema wa nkhani ya Tamara Banda

Makina woonetsera kanema ndi wayilesi ya kaseti.

Pepala lalikulu ngati nkotheka.

Kumbukirani

Wonetsetsani nthawi zonse kuti mfundo zonse zoperekedwa ndi gulu zimene

zingalimbikitse zikhulupiriro ndi machitidwe olakwika zikambidwe ndi gulu lonse.

Gawo ili lichita ndi maubwenzi apakati pa anthu osiyana zaka. Maubwenzi awa angathe

kukhala munjira zosiyanasiyana- mwachitsanzo chifukwa cha chikondi, wokonda

katundu ndi ndalama posinthana ndi kugonana, angathe kukhala wokakamizidwa.

Koma sitikambirana za kugwiriridwa ndi kuzunzidwa kowe kumachitikira ana ngakhale

akulunso.

Kumbukirani kuziunikira ndi kumvetsetsa malamulo onse okhuza kuzunzidwa kwa ana

ndi kugwiriridwa komanso komwe anthu ochitiridwa izi angapite kuti akapezeko

thandizo.

Komanso, ziunikireni ndi kumvetsa maina omwe anthu a mdera lanu amagwiritsa

ntchito pokamba za maubwenzi ogonana pakati pa anthu osyana zaka.



Nthawi: Mphindi 10

1: Kubwerezanso mfundo zikuluzikulu mu gawo lapitali. Funsani mmodzi mgulu kuti atero. Kodi ndi mfundo ziti zofunika zomwe tinakambirana mgawo lapitali? 2: Kulingalira za ndondomeko ya kusintha. Funsani anthu angapo kuti anenepo zomwe aika mu ndondomeko yawo ya kusintha kapena zomwe alingalirapo. (ngati sadalembe).

Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito “masewera a mpira,” momwe inu ngati otsogolera zokambirana muponye mpira kwa mmodzi wa gulu ndi kumfunsa afotokoze zomwe waika mu ndondomeko ya kasinthidwe- ngati ali womasuka kutero.

Ngati sali womasuka kutero, mutha kumufunsa kuti alingalire pa mfundo ina iliyonse akuganizira mu gawo lapitali.

Mafunso wotsogolera:

Kodi ndi uthenga uti watsopano womwe mwaupeza kupyolera mu gawo lapitali?

Maganizo anu asintha? Asintha motani?

Mwaphunzira luso lina lirilonse latsopano? Ndi luso liti?

Mukuganiza muchitapo kanthu kupyolera mu zomwe mwaphunzira? Muchita chiyani?

Mudachitapo kanthu kena kalikonse? 3: Fotokozerani mutu wa gawo lino. Fotokozerani gulu motere: Mgawo lino tilingalira maubwenzi a anthu osiyana zaka (maubwenzi apakati pa abambo ndi amai a zaka zosiyana).

Chidziwitso kwa otsogolera: Nkhani yomwe tichite nayo mu mutu uno ndi yovuta

chifukwa nkutheka pali ena omwe ali ndi maubwenzi ndi anthu akulu kuposa iwo

kotero nkofunika kusamalitsa pokambirana makamaka pamene abambo ndi amai ali

pamodzi.

1

.


Kumvetsa Mitundu ya Maubwenzi Ogonana Pakati pa Amai ndi Abambo Osiyana Zaka komanso Kuyang’ana Zifukwa

zomwe Zimachititsa Izi Nthawi: Mphindi 30 Tipindulanji? Cholinga cha ntchito iyi ndi kuti gulu likambirane ndi kumvetsetsa za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maubwenzi apakati pa abambo ndi amai osiyana zaka ndi zina mwa zifukwa zimene zimachititsa izi. 1: Fotokozerani chochitikachi. Longosolani kuti tikufuna kukambirana za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maubwenzi amene amachitika pakati pa abambo ndi amai. Funsani gulu,

Ndi mitundu iti ya maubwenzi ogonana pakati pa abambo ndi amai osiyana zaka yomwe mukuidziwa?

Otsogolera afunsenso motere: kodi pali nthawi zimene bambo atha kukhala wamng’ono msikhu kwa mai?

Ndi mau ati amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito mmadera mwathu polongosolera maubwenzi woterewa?

2: Wonetsani chithunzi cha abambo aakulu ndi mtsikana. Funsani gulu kuti:

Mukuona chiyani pa chithunzipa?

Mukuganiza kuti chikuchitika ndi chiyani?

Perekani zina mwa zifukwa zomwe zichititsa izi?

Perekani ubwino omwe abambowa akupeza muchibwenzi ichi? Akupeza bwanji ubwinowu?

Perekani ubwino omwe mtsikanayu akupeza muchibwenzichi?

Ndi zipsinjo ziti zimene abambo amakumana nazo kamba ka maubwenzi ndi atsikana kuchokera kwa anzawo? Nanga anthu ozungulira amayembekezeranji ku maubwenzi woterewa?

Ndi zipsinjo ziti zimene atsikana amakumanana nazo kamba ka maubwenzi ndi abambo aakulu kuchokera kwa anzawo? Mabanja awo? Nanga anthu ozungulira amayembekezeranji ku maubwenzi woterewa?

Mmaganizo anu, ndi yani ali ndi mphamvu zochuluka pomanga mfundo pachibwenzi?

o Kuthekera kwake (kapena kusowa kwa kuthekeraku) kumamukhuza bwanji mfundo zomwe mtsikana angamange?

Ndi mbali yanji yomwe zikhulupiriro zathu pankhani ya jenda ndi zaka zimachita kwa mtsikana kuti athe kukana kukhala pa chibwenzi ndi abambo aakulu? Kukana kugonana? Kukambirana pakagwiritsidwe ka kondomu? Kuthetsa chibwenzi?

2

.

Chidziwitso

kwa Otsogolera:

Zofunika:

Chithunzi

chimodzi cha

ubwenzi wa anthu

osiyana zaka


Ndi mbali yanji yomwe zikhulupiriro zathu pankhani ya jenda ndi zaka zimachita kwa abambo aakulu kuti athe kukana kukhala pa chibwenzi ndi mtsikana? Kukana kugonana? Kukambirana pakagwitsidwe ka kondomu? Kuthetsa chibwenzi?

Nanga izi zimatenga gawo lanji pa kuopsa kotenga kachirombo ka HIV kwa anthuwa? Kwa abambo? Kwa mtsikanayo?

3: Ombani nkota ndi kutsirizitsa zokambiranazo ndi mfundo zoti aziziganizira nthawi ndi nthawi. Mfundo zoti aziziganizira:

Maubwenzi pakati pa anthu osiyana zaka angachitike pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana- koma kawirikaiwiri amakhuza ndalama ndi katundu wa mitundumitundu.

Atsikana ali pa choopsa chachikulu kutenga kachirombo ka HIV maubwenzi woterewa chifukwa nkotheka kuti abwenzi awowo adakhalapo ndi abwenzi ochuluka ogonana nawo kotero atha kutenga kachiromboka mosavuta.

Zikhulupiriro za zaka ndi jenda zimapangitsa kuti kukhale kovuta kwa atsikana kukana maubwenzi wotere, kukana kugonana angakhale kukambirana kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu.

Chifukwa cha zikhulupiriro, anthu amayembekeza kuti abambo akhale ndi maubwenzi ambiri ogonana nawo, makamaka kuti apeze atsikana woti achite nawo ubwenzi wogonana.

Kuopsa kwa kutenga kachirombo ka HIV ndi kwakukulu angakhale kwa chibwenzi chomwe anthu awiriwa akusiyana ndi zaka zisanu zokha.

Chidziwitso kwa otsogolera. Gawo lino liyang’ana kwambiri pa maubwenzi apakati

pa abambo aakulu ndi atsikana chifukwa alipo ochuluka masiku ano komanso pali choopsa

chachikulu pa kafalitsidwe ka kachirombo ka HIV. Ngati gulu lingafunse mafunso

okhuza amai aakulu ndi anyamata, auzeni kuti angakhale kuti maubwenzi wotere

amachitika, sachitika kawirikawiri ndipo kuopsa kwao nkochepa.


Kuopsa ndi Zotsatira za Maubwenzi apakati pa Anthu Osiyana Zaka: Nkhani ya Tamara Banda

Nthawi: Mphindi 50 Tipindulanji? Cholinga cha ntchito iyi ndi kulola gulu kuti liunikire ndi kukambirana zomwe zimapangitsa maubwenzi apakati pa anthu osiyana zaka ndi zotsatira zaka. 1: Wonetsani kanema wa nkhani ya Tamara Banda ndi kukambirana pogwiritsa ntchito mafunso awa.

Fotokozani kuti awona nkhani ya mtsikana yemwe adali pachibwenzi ndi abambo aakulu.

Werengani mafunso wotsogolera zokambirana musanaonetse kanema ncholinga chakuti gulu lithe kutsatira bwino.

Mutsindike nthawi zonse kuti nkhani yomwe ili mkanema ndi yochitikadi ndi anthu eni ake ali mkanemayo.

2: Ganizirani mafunso awa pofuna kumvetsa nkhani ya Tamara.

Mukuganiza bwanji pa nkhani ya Tamara?

Chiripo china chirichonse chomwe chakudzidzimutsani?

Ndi zikhulupiriro ndi ziyembekezo ziti zomwe zidamupangitsa Tamara kuti akhale pachibwenzi chogonana ndi bwenzi lakelo? Ndi chiyani chomwe chidampangitsa kuti nthawi zina agonane ndi bwenzi lakelo otsagwiritsa kondomu?

Adathetseranji chibwenzi Tamara? Mukuganiza bwanji pa ganizo limeneli?

Mukuganiza ndi chifukwa chiyani bwenzi lake lakale sakadavomereza kuti angakhale ndi kachirombo ka HIV? Ndi udindo wanji iye ali nawo kuti agawane izi ndi mkazi wake? Nanga kuyezetsa?

Akadatha kuchita chiyani Tamara kuti apewe chibwenzi chotere?

Akadachitanji makolo a Tamara kuti amuthangate?

Mukuganiza ndi chiyani chomwe Tamara angafune kuti abambo ndi amai ena amvetse pa nkhani yake?

3: Kambiranani. Pezani pamodzi ndi gulu kuopsa ndi zotsatira za maubwenzi a anthu osiyana zaka. Funsani gulu mafunso awa:

Ndi nthawi zochuluka bwanji mdera lino atsikana amalandira mphatso kapena kukonderedwa ndi abambo mosinthana ndi kugonana? Mukuganiza abambo akuluakuluwa amamva kuti

4

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nkoyenera kupereka mphatso kapena kukonderaku posinthana ndi kugonana?

Kupereka mphatso kapena kukonderaku kungakhuze bwanji chibwenzichi?

Mtsikana aganizire mfundo ziti asadayambe chibwenzi ndi abambo? Makamaka abambo aakulu?

Abambo aakulu aganizire mfundo ziti asadayambe chibwenzi ndi amai? Makamaka atsikana?

Maubwenzi wotere ali ndi zoopsa ndi zotsatira ziti? Kwa atsikana? Kwa abambo? Ku mtundu?

Lembani mayankho a mafunso awa pa pepala lalikulu kuti wonse athe kuwona. 4: Kambiranani pagulu lalikulu. Liwuzeni gulu kuti: Tikhala ndizokambirana zokhuza mmene anthu osiyanasiyana angathandizire atsikana ndi abambo akuluakulu kupewa maubwenzi amene amawaika pa choopsa cha kutenga kachirombo ka HIV ndi kubweretsa mavuto amene apeza kale. Pomwe tikulingalira za njira izi, ganiziraninso za mfundo zomwe takambiranapo magawo a m’mbuyomu. Tingachitenji mmadera athu pothetsa izi?

Atsikana

Makolo

Abambo

Anthu a dera

Onani zina mwa njira zomwe mungaonjezere m’munsimu: Atsikana:

Fufuzani mokwanira za bamboyo musadayambe chibwenzi.

Kambiranani ndi makolo nkhani za ubwenzi.

Musaganize kuti kulandira kalikonse (zinthu pena ndalama) kwa abambo aakulu zitanthauza kuchita chiwerewere ndi iwo.

Kanani kulandira kalikonse (mzinthu pena ndalama) kuchokera kwa abambo aakulu.

Pemphani bamboyo kuti akayedzetse ngati ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV musadayambe kugonana.

Gwiritsani kondomu nthawi zonse ndinso moyenera ngati simukuziletsa ku kugonana.

Kanani kugonana kosatetezeka.

Ikani ziyang’aniro zothandiza ku moyo wanu ndipo yetsetsani kukwaniritsa ziyang’anirozo.

Apemphe chithangato kuchokera kwa anansi amene amawakhulupirira.

Agwirizane ndi abwenzi kuti athangatane popewa kukhala paubwenzi ndi abambo akuluakulu zomwe zingaike miyoyo yawo pa choopsa.


Abambo:

Ngati ngokwatira, aganizire zotsatira zomwe zingabwere ku mabanja awo kamba ka ubwenzi wotere.

Aganize kuti angamve bwanji mwana wao, mwana wa mbale wao kapena mbale wao wina aliyenseyo atakhala muubwenzi wotere.

Aganize zotsatira za kugonana ndi mwana wochepera pa muyezo wa lamulo.

Alingalire kuti angachitenji mtsikanayo atatenga pathupi.

Aganize kuti nchifukwa chiyani ali mchibwenzi chotere. Akukakamizidwa ndi ocheza nawo? Kapena nchifukwa chosowa nthawi yocheza ndi akazi awo? Nchikondi kodi?

Atenge udindo woteteza atsikana mu chibwenzicho. Agwiritse kondomu nthawi zonse akugonana.

Akhale womasuka kukamba nkhani zakhuza chibwenzi ndi ana awo. Athu onse:

Akhale ndi misonkhano yokambirana za kachirombo ka HIV mmadera awo komanso mmene maubwenzi apakati pa abambo akuluakulu ndi atsikana akutengera gawo mmadera awo.

Atukule njira zothanirana ndi abambo opezeka kuti ali paubwenzi ndi atsikana, makamaka ana.

Kupeza zikhulupiriro ndi makhalidwe omwe amalimbikitsa maubwenzi apakati pa abambo akuluakulu ndi atsikana komanso kuganizira mmene angasinthire makhalidwe ndi zikhulupiriro zotere.

Uthandize atsikana kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo.

Kupanga zionetsero kuti zisonyeze ku mtundu wonse mabanja achitsanzo komwe ena angatengereko.

5: Tsekani ntchito pounikira ntchito zing’onozing’ono zomwe zingachitike ndi kukumbutsa gulu za mfundo izi kuti aziganizira nthawi ndi nthawi. Mfundo zoti akaganizire kunyumba:

Nkofunika kugwirira ntchito limodzi kuti titeteze anthu mmadera mwathu.


Kuwombera Nkota

Nthawi: Mphindi 10

1: Kubwerezanso mfundo zokaganizira kunyumba zimene zagawidwa mgawoli.

Maubwenzi apakati pa anthu osiyana zaka angapangike pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana- koma makamaka amakhuza kusinthana kwa ndalama kapena zinthu.

Zikhulupiriro pa zaka ndi jenda zimachititsa kuti kukhale kovuta kwa atsikana kuti athe kukana maubwenzi wotere, kukana kugonana kapena kukambirana kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu.

Kukhala pa chibwenzi chogonana ndi munthu wamkulu kumakweza chiopsezo kwa mtsikana kukhala ndi kachirombo ka HIV angakhale wochepera ndi zaka zisanu.

Amai, abambo, mabanja ndi mtundu wonse angathandize kusintha khalidwe lotere pochita ntchito zing’onozing’ono zochitika zimene pamapeto pake zingathane ndi maubwenzi wotere omwe aperekedwa pakutha pa gawo.

Nkoyenera kugwirira ntchito limodzi kuteteza anthu mmadera mwathu.

2: Kulingalira zakusintha kwa umwini. Funsani mafunso awa kapena gwiritsani ntchito pepala lalikulu.

Ndaphunzirako kanthu kena kalikonse lero pankhani yokhuza maubwenzi ogonana pakati pa anthu osiyana zaka? Chiti?

Kodi gawo ili lasintha china chiri chonse mmaganizo anga okhuza maubwenzi ogonana pakati pa anthu osiyana zaka? Munjira yotani?

Ndi maluso ati akambidwa lero omwe ndingawagwiritse ntchito mmoyo wanga?

Pazomwe ndaphunzirazi ndingachitenji ndi moyo wanga? 3: Funsani mmodzi mgululi kuti akonzekere kuomba nkota pa zokambiranazi zomwe adzapereke pamayambiriro a gawo lotsatira.

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Nkhanza Pakati pa Anthu a pa Banja

Mu gawo ili, tilingalira nkhanza zapakati pa anthu apa banja kupyolera mu nkhani ya Chimwemwe Chinoko Chimwemwe ndi mai yemwe wazunzidwapo m’banja ndipo adapeza ufulu wake kupyolera ku khoti. Tsopano iye akuphunzitsa anthu a dera lake momwe angathanirane ndi kuponderezedwa.

Mutu 7


Zolinga zathu:

Gawo ili lipatsa mwai gulu ku:

Ganizira ndi kukambirana nkhanza pakati pa anthu a pa banja mdera

mwao (zoyambitsa ndi zotsatira zake)..

Kambirana mmene kusiyana kwa kuchuluka mphamvu zowongolera

anzao mchibwenzi kumapangitsa kuti nkhanza zichuluke.

Kupeza njira zopewera ndi kuthetsera nkhanza za anthu a pabanja.

Nthawi:

Pafupifupi maola awiri ndi theka (2 hours ndi 30 minutes)

Zochitika:

1. Kufotokozera mutu

2. Nkhanza za anthu a pa banja, zitsanzo zochokera mmadera mwathu

ndi kuipa kwake ku dera

Kuunikira nkhanza

Kumvetsa nkhanza

Kuyan’ganitsitsa gwero la nkhaza

3. Tingachite chiyani kuti tithane ndi nkhanza za anthu a pa banja?

Nkhani ya Chimwemwe Chinoko

4. Kuomba nkota

Zipangizo zofunikira:

Kanema wa nkhani ya Chimwemwe Chinoko

Zithunzi zinayi zoonetsa nkhanza

Mapepala aakulu kapena bolodi.

Zolembera.

Makina woonetsera kanema ndi wayilesi ya kaseti.

Kumbukirani

Wonetsetsani nthawi zonse kuti mfundo zonse zoperekedwa ndi gulu

zimene zingalimbikitse zikhulupiriro ndi machitidwe olakwika

zikambidwe ndi gulu lonse.


Kufotokozera Mutu

Nthawi: Mphindi 10 1: Kubwerezanso mfundo zikuluzikulu mu gawo lapitali. Funsani mmodzi mgulu kuti atero, Kodi ndi mfundo ziti zofunika zomwe tidakambirana mgawo lapitali? 2: Kulingalira za ndondomeko ya kusintha. Funsani anthu angapo kuti anenepo izo zomwe aika mu ndondomeko yawo ya kusintha kapena izo alingalirapo (ngati sadaikemo mundondomekoyo).

Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito “masewera a mpira,” momwe inu ngati otsogolera muponye mpira kwa mmodzi wa gulu ndi kumfunsa afotokoze zomwe waika mu ndondomeko ya kasinthidwe- ngati ali womasuka kutero.

Ngati sali womasuka kutero, mutha kumufunsa kuti alingalire pa mfundo ina iliyonse akuganizira mu gawo lapitali.

Mafunso otsogolera:





Mudachitapo kanthu kena kalikonse? 3: Omberani nkota mutu wa gawo lino. Uzani gulu kuti, Mgawo lino, tiyang’ana nkhanza zaanthu a pa banja.

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Dziwani izi: Nkhani yomwe tikambirane mgawo lino ndi yovutirapo chifukwa mwina

pali anthu ena omwe akukumana ndi nkhanza zotere chotero mukhale wosamala

potsogolera zokambirana makamaka pamene amai ndi abambo ali pamodzi.

Mukonzekerenso mwachinsisi kutumiza wina kumene angathandizidwe ngati

atakuuzani kuti azunzidwapondipo sakudziwa kolowera.


Nkhanza za Anthu a pa Banja ndi Momwe Timakumanira Nazo Mmadera Mwathu

Nthawi: Mphindi 60 (1 hour) Tipindulanji? Cholinga cha ntchito iyi nkupangitsa gulu kuganiza momwe amamvera za nkhanza, ndi momwe zimakhuzira zochitika kudera lawo lonse. Ganizo nlakuti gulu lithe kukambirana ndi kutsutsana ndi malingaliro wonse omwe anthu amaziyenereza nawo pochita nkhanza. Ntchito 2.1: Kuunikira motsogozedwa 1: Chitani chochitika ichi pounikira nkhanza. Chochitika choyamba ichi chithangata poyika maziko pakuganizira nkhani ya nkhanza maubwenzi. Fotokozerani gulu kuti mbali yoyamba ya chochitika ichi chisowa kuseka maso, kumasuka ndi kuyesa kuyerekezera nkhani yomwe ikukambidwa.

Lankhulani pang’onopang’ono ndinso mmau wotsitsa.

Funsani gulu kuti lione malingaliro awo izo zimene mukukamba.

Werengani nkhani ili mmunsiyi pang’onopang’ono ndi kuima pang’ono mukafika pamapeto a chiganizo ndi funso lirilonse. Muime kwa mphindi zochepa apo poyenera kutero.

Kuunikira motsogozedwa

Tayerekezani kuti uno ndi mmawa womwe ndipo mwachizolowezi, mwazuka ndipo muli mnyumba yanu. Tayang’anani, ndani ali mfupi nanu. Akukonza kadzutsa yani? Akugwira ntchito za mmawa yani? Yani akudyetsa ana ndi kuwakonzetsera tsikuli? (Imani pang’ono) Mwatuluka mnyumba yanu ndipo muli pansewu, mukutha kuona anthu ena. Mukuona mai akuchapa zovala panja pa chitseko cha nyumba yache. Mukuganiza moyo wake uli bwanji? Mukuganiza mwamuna wake amasamala bwino za iye? (Imani pang’ono). Pafupi nanu mukuona bambo akukonza njinga yake. Mukuganiza moyo wake uli bwanji? Amakondwa panyumba yake kodi? (Imani pang’ono) Mukuonanso mai wina, wachitsikana ali paulendo wopita kuntchito. Iye amakhala pafupi ndi nyumba yanu. Ali ndi mabala pa nkhope yake. Mudamva kumenyedwa kwa zinthu, kukuwa ndi kulira usiku wapitawu. Mumamva zoterezi nthawi zambiri. Nthawi zina mumamva mwamuna wake akukalipa kuti chakudya chake sichidaphikidwe bwino. Mwamuona bamboyu akubwera pakhomo ali zandizandi kuledzera. (Imani pang’ono)

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Dziwani izi: zipangizo

zofunika:Zionetsero zinai: Bambo akumenya mai

Bambo akuseka mkazi

wake

Bambo kukana kupereka

ndalama

Kugwirira

Adakuuzanipo mtsikanayu zomwe zimachita usiku mnyumba yake? Mutamuona, mumachitapo chiyani- mumamulankhula pena kuzipanga ngati simudamuone? Mukuganiza iye amaganiza bwanji za banja lake? (Imani pang’ono) Mwaonapo mwana wake wamng’ono, wooneka woopsezedwa ndi wamantha, atakhala panja pa chitseko nthawi zambiri pamene kufuula kwayamba. Akuganiza chiyani mwanayu za zomwe zikuchitika mkatimo? (Imani pang’ono) Mukudziwa kuti bamboyu amagwira ntchito yake yokonza magalimoto masana ndipo usiku, yaulonda. Mowirikiza iye amagwira ntchito maola 24 motsatizana. Ngati Sali pantchito, amakonda kupita kukawonera mpira wamiyendo ku malo omwera mowa oyandikana nawo. Chifukwa chiyani akukhala wankhanza panyumba? Amaganiza zotani za mkazi wake? Mwana wao? Za iye mwini? (Imani pang’ono) Mukakonzeka, tsekulani maso anu pang’onopang’ono.

2: Kambiranani chochika ichi mmagulu a amuna wokha ndi amai wokha. Mukatsiriza nkhaniyi, gawani gulu kuti amai akhale gulu limodzi chomwechonso abambo ndipo auzeni kuti tikambirana nkhani imeneyi. Cholinga nchakuti nkufuna kupeza mmene abambo ndi amai amaganizira zokhuza nkhani nkhaza za anthu a pa banja. Mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito mafunso otsatirawa:

Chikuchitika nchiyani mu nkhani imeneyi?

Mukuganiza nchifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika?

Mukuganiza anthuwa achite chiyani?

Mavuto a banja limeneli akukhuza bwanji dera lawo? 3: Abweretseni pamodzi magulu aja kuti agawane izo akambirana. Atatha kukambirana nkhaniyi, bweretsani nkhaniyi ku zomwe zikuchitika mmadera mwao tsopano: Kodi izi zimachitika mmadera anu? Mukuchitika zotani? 4: Wombani nkota. Fotokozerani gulu kuti: Tonse taona pena kumva za zina mwa nkhanza zomwe zimachitika pakati pa abambo ndi amai mmadera athu. Kawirikawiri, timaziona kuti ndife osowa thandizo pomwe tachitiridwa nkhanza zotere ndipo timasowa chochita kapena chonena. Koma nchachidziwikire kuti nkhanza sizichitira ubwino uliwonse iwo amene zikuwakhuza ngakhalenso iwo woonerera izi zikuchitika kapena kuona zotsatira za nkhanza. Tisadatengere nkhaniyi patali, zingatithangate ngati titayesa kumvetsetsa kuti tikutanthauzanji pokamba za nkhanza. Ntchito 2.2: Nkhanza nchiyani ndi chifukwa ninji zimachitika? 1: Uzani gulu kuti tifufuza mitundu ya nkhanza zimene zimachitika mmadera athu.


2: Onetsani zithunzi izi zomwe zikuonetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhanza. Funsani gulu,

Mukuona chiyani pa chithunzi ichi?

Kodi izi zimachitika mdera mwathu?

Zilipo zitsanzo zina za nkhanza zomwe mungaziganizire? Longosolani kuti: Nkhanza zingathe kukhala mnjira zosiyanasiyana. Kawirikawiri timaganiza kuti nkhanza ndi pamene wina wamenyedwa.Koma nkhanza itha kukhala yapathupi, yamaganizo, pankhani ya kugonana kapena kuponderezana pa nkhani za chuma.

3: Gawani magulu a amuna okhaokha chimodzimodzinso amai kuti mupeze malingaliro awo. Longosolerani gulu kuti akhala mmagulu a amuna paokha chimodzimodzinso amai kuti akakambirane mafunso otsatirawa:

Mukuganiza kuti gwero la nkhanza izi ndi lotani?

Mukuganiza kuti nthawi zina nkhanza nzovomerezeka? Chifukwa chiyani?

Ndi udindo kapena ziyembekezo zotani zomwe zimapangitsa abambo kuchita motere?

Ndi udindo kapena ziyembekezo zotani zomwe zimapangitsa amai kuvomereza kuti “palibe vuto”?

Zotsatira za nkhanza kwa abambo, amai, mabanja ndi Madera athu nzotani?

Dziwani izi: Kupyolera mu zomwe mwakumana nazo ndinso zitsanzo, athangateni

kupeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhanza:

nkhanza ya pathupi – kuvulaza thupi (imathanso kuchitira kuipa maganizo a munthu)

Yamaganizo – imachitira kuipa maganizo a munthu

Yogonana – imaononga maganizo ofuna kugonana (imaononganso thupi ndi maganizo)

Yoponderezana pankhani za chuma – imabweza kapezedwe ka chuma, katundu ndi

zinthu zina zofunika

Dziwani izi: Ngati wina mgulu angayankhe kuti nkhanza zitha kuvomerezeka,

nkoyenera kuyamba kukambirana ndi kuyesa kupeza kuti ndizovomerezeka nthawi ziti

ndipo chifukwa chiyani. Fotokozerani mnjira zonse zothekere kuti iyi sinjira

yabwino yothetsera vuto lirilonselo.


4: Magulu aja abwere pamodzi nkupereka zokambirana. Pamene magulu akupereka maganizo awo, tengani maganizo awo paokhapaokha pa pepala kuti muthe kuyerekezetsa. Funsani,

Kodi abambo ndi amai amaganiza nkhanizi mofanana kapena mosiyana?

Maudindo ndi ziyang’aniro zomwe zimakhuza amai ndi abambo mu nkhani ya nkhanza zingasinthe bwanji?

Chingachitike nchiyani mdera mwathu? 5: Tsekani ntchito poombera nkota mfundo zonse zimene zaperekedwa ndi gulu pounikira mfundo izi zokhuza nkhanza zoti akalingalire kunyumba. Mfundo zokalingalira kunyumba:

Nthawi zambiri nkhanza za pakati pa anthu a pa banja amachita ndi abambo kwa amai.

Nkhanza zimakhuza kufuna mphamvu ndi ulamuliro

Nkhanza zimabweretsa kuwawa kumene kungakhale pa chimodzi kapena zonse za izi: thupi, maganizo, nkhanza za pogonana kapena za chuma.

Nkhanza sizichitira ubwino kwa ana.

Nkhanza sizingavomerezeke mwa njira ina iliyonse.

Udindo ndi ziyang’aniro za abambo ndi amai zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nkhanza zipitirire zimakhuza jenda ndipo zingathe kusintha.

Dziwani izi: Kuchita ndi abambo omwe akumva kuti ndi wozunzika kapena

kulozedwa chala ngati abambo.

Mzokambirana izi, abambo angathe kuganiza kuti iwo akhala wozunzidwa

kawirikawiri ndipo mwina nkuyesa wosaikapo mtima pa zokambiranazo. Tsindikani

pa mfundo yoti angakhale nthawi zina abambo amazunzidwa, nkhani za kuzunzidwa

kwa amai ndizochuluka.

Muonetse kuikapo mtima pa nkhaniyi pounikira zotsatira zopitirira muyezo zimene

zimaonekera amai. Pamene abambo ena amazunzidwa ndi akazi awo kuthupi,

“kusiyana mu mphamvu ndi nyonga pakati pa abambo ndi amai mmadera zikutanthauza kuti kuzunzika komwe amai amachitiridwa ndi abambo nkoonekera ndinso kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi uko komwe abambo amachitiridwa ndi amai.” Buku la Stepping Stones Revised, tsamba 101.” Pa nkhanza za pathupi, onetsani kuti, monga zionetseredwa mzolembedwa

zochulaka, kuphana ndi kuzipha zitha kukhala zotsatira zake. Pa nkhanza za maganizo, onetsani kuti kuti zitha kuononga kwambiri ndi kuzunguza

ubongo wa munthu.


Tingachitepo Chiyani Pothana ndi Nkhanza za Anthu a pa Banja? Nkhani ya Chimwemwe Chiniko

Nthawi: Mphindi 60 Tipilanji? Ntchito iyi yaikidwa ncholinga cholimbikitsa gulu kuti liringalire ndi kukambirana njira zoyenera zothetsera nkhanza, ndinso kuganizira zomwe amai, abambo ndi anthu adera angachite popewa nkhanza. 1: Onetsani gulu kanema wa nkhani ya Chimwemwe Chiniko ndi kukambirana pogwiritsa ntchito mafunso awa.

Fotokozani kuti aona nkhani ya mtsikana amene adayambitsa gulu la amai kuti athane ndi nkhanza mdera mwao.

Mutsindike nthawi zonse kuti nkhani yomwe ili mkanema ndi yochitikadi ndi anthu eni ake ali mkanemayo.

Kambiranani mafunso awa pa nkhani ya Chimwemwe:

Mukuganiza bwanji pa nkhani ya Chimwemwe?

Pali china chirichonse chomwe chidakuzizimutsani? Nchiyani?

Nkhanza zidakhuza bwanji moyo wa Chimwewe? Nanga moyo wa ana ake?

Mukuganiza nchifukwa chiyani adakhalabe pa banja nyengo yaitali chotere (zaka 10)?

Mukuganiza nchifukwa chiyani mwamuna wa Chimwemwe adasintha nkukhala wankhanza?

Mmaganizo anu, mukuganiza kuti amalume adailandira bwanji nkhaniyi ataimva koyamba? Ndi zikhulupiriro ziti pa chikhalidwe zomwe zidawapangitsa iwo kuilandira nkhaniyi motero?

Mukuganiza Chimwemwe angakonde kuti amai ndi abambo ena amve bwanji izo adaziona?

2: Kambiranani zomwe anthu adera angachite. Funsani gulu kuti apereke zipangizo zoyenera ndi njira zothetsera nkhanza mdera mwao.

Mai achite chiyani akachitiridwa nkhanza?

Bambo achite chiyani akapezeka kuti wapsa mtima ndi kumenya mkazi wake.

Anthu adera lathu achitepo chiyani pothangata anthu a pa banja omwe ali mmavuto wotere?

3: Pezani njira zazikulu zomwe amai, abambo ndi anthu a dera angachite. Atatha kufotokozera maganizo awo onse, perekaninso zina mwa mfundo izi ngati sizidaperekedwe:

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Tingachitenji? Mfundo kwa amai:

Apeze mlangizi kuti awathandize kuyanjana

Apemphe chithangato kuchokera kwa a pa banja pawo.

Adzikhulupire yense payekha – akuyenera kulemekezedwa

Mfundo kwa abambo:

Aphunzire kuchepetsa mkwiyo wake kupyolerera kulangizidwa

Amvetse gero la nkhanza zake

Aphunzire kulankhulana ngakhale atakwiya

Mfundo kwa anthu adera:

Kukhazikitsa magulu wogwirira ntchito mothandizana

pothangata mabanja ndi anthu amene akupsinjidwa.

Asunge kaundula wa mmene nkhanza zikuchitikira mderalo.

Apeze uthenga woyenera wa mabungwe omw angathe

kuthandizapo ndi kugawana uthengawo ndi ena.

Aike mauthenga akuluakulu woonetsa kuti nkhanza pakati pa

anthu a pa banja nzosavomerezeka.

Akonze mkumano wadera komwe anthu angakambirane za jenda,

nkhanza ndi ufulu wa munthu.

Yambitsani gulu lopatsa luntha limene akuluakulu angamapatse

luntha achinyamata pa njira zokambirana ndi kupereka maluso

othetsera mikangano.

Mfundo ina yochokera kwa Jewkins ndinso m’buku la Stepping

Stones Revised tsamba 104

“Anthu woyandikana nawo nyumba akamva kuti mai akumenyedwa, iwo

atha kutenga mitengo nkuyamba kumenya mapoto. Ena akamva izi atha

kuchita chimodzi modzi mpaka kumenyanako kutasiya. Munjira yotere,

bambo wankhanzayu azindikira kuti anthu wonse adziwa kuti iye

akumenya mkazi wake."


4: Tsekani ntchito poombera nkota mfundo zonse zimene zaperekedwa ndi gulu pounikira mfundo izi zokhuza nkhanza zoti akalingalire kunyumba. Mafunso woti akaganizire kunyumba:

Nthawi zambiri amai amakhala mmalo omwe nkhanza nzochuluka kwa nthawi yaitali kamba ka ziyembekezo za chikhalidwe, mavuto a chuma, kukakamizidwa ndi makolo, komanso anthu a deralo.

Abambo ndi amai, monga anthu komanso ngati banja, ndi anthu a dera lonse angathangate kusintha zinthu (polemba mkaundula nkhani zonse zokhuza nkhanza, kuphunzitsa anthu pa zipangizo zomwe zilipo, kukhazikitsa njira mderalo zimene anthu angagawane nzeru ndi awo womwe adathetsa kusamvana kwao popanda kuzunzana komanso kuteteza amai amene ali ndi amuna a nkhanza)


Kuwombera Nkota

Nthawi: Mphindi 10 1: Kubwerezanso mfundo zokaganizira kunyumba zimene zagawidwa mgawoli.

Nkhanza zikuchitika mmadera mwathu.

Nthawi zambiri nkhanza za pakati pa anthu a pa banja amachita ndi abambo kwa amai.

Nkhanza zimakhuza kufuna mphamvu ndi ulamuliro

Nkhanza zimabweretsa kuwawa kumene kungakhale pa chimodzi kapena zonse za izi: thupi, maganizo, nkhanza za pogonana kapena za chuma.

Nkhanza sizingokhuza anthu a pa banja okhao, komanso kakulidwe ka maganizo ka ana, ndinso dera lonse.

Nkhanza sizingavomerezeke mwa njira ina iliyonse.

Nthawi zambiri amai amakhala mmalo omwe nkhanza nzochuluka kwa nthawi yaitali kamba ka ziyembekezo za chikhalidwe, mavuto a chuma, kukakamizidwa ndi makolo, komanso anthu a deralo.

Udindo ndi ziyang’aniro za abambo ndi amai zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nkhanza zipitirire zimakhuza jenda ndipo zingathe kusintha.

Abambo ndi amai, monga anthu komanso ngati banja, ndi anthu a dera lonse angathangate kusintha zinthu.

2: Kulingalira za ndondomeko ya kusintha. Funsani mafunso awa kapena gwiritsani ntchito pepala lalikulu.

Ndaphunzirako kanthu kena kalikonse lero pankhani yokhuza maubwenzi ogonana pakati pa anthu osiyana zaka? Chiti?

Kodi gawo ili lasintha china chiri chonse mmaganizo anga okhuza maubwenzi ogonana pakati pa anthu osiyana zaka? Munjira yotani?

Ndi maluso ati akambidwa lero omwe ndingawagwiritse ntchito mmoyo wanga?

Pazomwe ndaphunzirazi ndingachitenji ndi moyo wanga? 3: Funsani mmodzi mgululi kuti akonzekere kuomba nkota pa zokambiranazi zomwe adzapereke pamayambiriro a gawo lotsatira.

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Ubwino wa Kugwirira Ntchito Limodzi.

Mgawo ili, tiyang’ana ubwino wogwirira ntchito limodzi kudzera mu nkhani ya Annie ndi Bwalya Katongo. Annie, ndi chithandizo chochokera kwa mwamuna wake, Bwalya, adayambitsa gulu la amai ngati njira imodzi yokwezera umoyo wa amai mdera mwao.

Mitu 8


Zolinga zathu: Gawo ili lilola gulu kuti: Athe kuganizira njira za mgwirizano zomwe zikuthandiza kubweretsa

abambo ndi amai pamodzi. Aphunzire momwe angapititsire patsogolo mgwirizano wao potukula

miyoyo yawo ndinso dera lawo. Aphunzire ubwino umene umakhalapo pomwe abambo ndi amai

akugwirira ntchito limodzi ndinso mofanana pofuna kukwaniritsa zolinga zofanana.

Nthawi:

Pafupifupi maola awiri ndi Mphindi 30 (2 hours ndi 30 minutes) Zochitika:

1. Kufotokozera mutu 2. Kumvetsa momwe mgwirizano ndi kuthandizana wina ndi mnzake

kumasinthira moyo wa munthu.

Kuunikira motsogozedwa

3. Kugwirira ntchito limodzi mmagulu wokhazikika: nkhani ya Annie Katongo

4. Kupeza njira momwe kugwirira ntchito ndi magulu mmene abambo ndi amai akutengapo gawo kungabweretsere chitukuko mdera.

5. Kuomba nkota 6. Kutseka:

Zipangizo zofunikira:

Kanema wa nkhani ya Annie ndi Bwalya Katongo Makina woonetsera kanema ndi wailesi ya kaseti Mpira wokulunga

Kumbukirani

Wonetsetsani nthawi zonse kuti mfundo zonse zoperekedwa ndi gulu

zimene zingalimbikitse zikhulupiriro ndi machitidwe olakwika zikambidwe

ndi gulu lonse.


Kuunikira Mutu

Nthawi: Mphindi 10 1: Kuunikira mfundo zikuluzikulu zomwe zakambidwa gawo lapitali. Funsani m’modzi mgulumo: Kodi ndi mfundo ziti zofunika zomwe zakambidwa mu gawo lapitali? 2: Kulingalira za ndondomeko ya kusintha. Funsani anthu angapo kuti anenepo izo zomwe aika mu ndondomeko yawo ya kusintha kapena izo alingalirapo (ngati sadaikemo mundondomekoyo).

Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito “masewera a mpira,” momwe inu ngati otsogolera muponye mpira kwa mmodzi wa gulu ndi kumfunsa afotokoze zomwe waika mu ndondomeko ya kasinthidwe- ngati ali womasuka kutero.

Ngati sali womasuka kutero, mutha kumufunsa kuti alingalire pa mfundo ina iliyonse akuganizira mu gawo lapitali

Mafunso wotsogolera:





Mudachitapo kanthu kena kalikonse?

3: Fotokozerani mutu wa gawo lino. Uzani gulu kuti: Mu gawo lino tifufuza ubwino wa mgwirizano mdera.

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Kumvetsa Momwe Mgwirizano ndi Kuthandizana Wina ndi Mnzake Kumasinthira Moyo wa Munthu

Nthawi: Mphindi 25 Tipindulanji? Tikufuna kuti gulu liringalire umo mmene alumikizirana ndi kugwirira ntchito ndi amai ndi abambo miyoyo yawo ndi momwe izi zasinthira miyoyo yawo.

1: Kuunikira motsogozedwa

Chitani sewero pounikira motsogoza: The “River of My Life” (Momwe moyo wanga wayendera)

Kuunikira motsogozedwa: Fotokozerani gulu kuti

Yense wa ife angathe kukamba za moyo wake poganizira ngati msinje, kuchokera poyambira (kuimira zaka zoyambirira ndi banja, kudutsa mwambiri, mwina mu mtambasale, ngati podutsa mchigwa, mwina movuta (monga matiti) ndipo mwina kukhuzidwa ndi zinthu zina (misinje ina yothangatira).

Tsekani maso ndipo poganizira ganizo la msinje, yambani kuganizira za moyo wanu kuchoka mmene munali wamng’ono mpaka lero.

Ganizani za umo moyo wanu wadutsa – mu mtambasale ndi mmavuto, ndi izo zakuthangatirani (kukwaniritsa zolinga zanu) kapena zobwezeretsa mmbuyo kapena zoopsa (zomwe zimalepheretsa kupambana).

Ganizira kwambiri za izo zothangatira ndi momwe zidachitira pa moyo wanu.

Lingalirani mozama za nthawi za kusintha kwanu:

- Nthawi imene mudapambana pa chinthu china chake

- Nthawi imene mudakumana ndi chipsinjo chachikulu

- Nthawi imene mudamanga mfundo imene idakusinthani moyo wanu wonse

- Nthawi yomwe simumadziwa chochita ndipo wina adakuthandizani kumanga mfundo.

- Nthawi yomwe mudathandiza wina kukwaniritsa zolinga zake.

2: Kambiranani pa gulu lalikulu.

Podutsa pafupifupi mphindi 10 za kulingalira uku, funsani ngaiti mmodzi wa anthu mgulumo angazipereke kugawana ndi gulu izo zimene amaganizira.

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Funsani gulu lonse mafunso wotsatirawa:

Ndi anthu ati ofunika mmoyo wanu amene adakuthangatani kuganizira chochita kapena kuthetsa vuto? (atha kukhala abambo ndi amai apa banja lawo, aphunzitsi, akuluakulu, atsogoleri a mpingo).

Ndi mabungwe kapena magulu ati amene anthu amawaona kuti ngofunika kwambiri pa moyo? (atha kukhala magulu opemphera, magulu a amai, magulu a mmidzi, makalabu a alimi ndi ena otero)

Pali ubwino wotani pogwira ntchito limodzi ndi ena? 3: Omberani nkota. Tsekani zochitika pounikira kuti: Aliyense amakhuzidwa ndi anthu ena mbanja, mmadera ochokera, magulu ocheza nawo ndi ena ambiri, ndinso kuti pali ubwino wambiri pamene tilumukizana wina ndi mnzake ndi kugwirira ntchito limodzi.


Kugwilira Ntchito Limodzi Mmagulu Okhazikika: Nkhani ya Annie Katongo

Nthawi: Mphindi 45

Tipindulanji? Pa ntchito iyi tikufuna anthu alingalire za ubwino ogwilira ntchito limodzi mmagulu okhazikika ndi cholinga chokweza miyoyo ya anthu okhala mmadela awo. Kanema yemwe tiwonele athandiza anthu kukambirana za momwe iwo apindulira pogwira ntchito limodzi mmagulu. Mfundo yayikulu yofunika kuyikambirana ndi njira zosiyasnasiyana zomwe abambo ndi amai amthandizila pakagwiridwe ntchito ka mtundu umenewu.

1: Onetsani kanema wa nkhani ya Annie Katongo ndi kukambirana za kanemayu pogwiritsa ntchito mafunso awa:

Fotokozani kuti kanemayu ndi wa nkhani ya mai yemwe anayambitsa gulu la amai ngati njira imodzi yopititsila patsogolo miyoyo ya anthu amdela mwawo.

Awerengeleni anthu ena mwa mafunso omwe ali mmunsimu musanawonetse kanema kuti atsatile bwino nkhani yam u kanemayu. Nenetsani kuti anthu ali mu kanemayu ndi anthu eni eni osati azisudzu chabe.

Mafunso oti anthu akambirane pa nkhani ya Annie Katongo:

Kodi munaganiza chiyani mutamvera nkhani ya Annie.

Nanga panali chinthu chomwe chinakudabwitsani?

Kodi nchifukwa chiyani anyambitsa gulu la amaili?

Kodi ndi zovuta zanji zomwe gululi linakumana nazo?

Kodi gululi linachita chiyani kuti lipeze chilimbikitso kuchokela kwa abambo a mdelamo?

Kodi anthu a mdelalo anapindula chiyani kuchokela ku ntchito za gululi?.

Kodi nchiyani chomwe Annie angakonde kuti abambo ndi amai ena aphunzilepo pa nkhani yake yochititsa chidwiyi?

2. Kambiranani za momwe anthu akhala akugwilira ntchito mmagulu. Afunseni anthu za momwe akugwilira ntchito mmagulu monga lomwe lafotokozedwa mu kanema. Funsani mafunso motere.

Kodi mdela mwanu muli magulu? Kodi amenewa ndi magulu a amai kapena magulu momwe abambo ndi amai akugwilira ntchito limodzi?

Nanga apindula chiyani pogwilira ntchito mmagulu?

Nanga ndi chiyani chomwe akuchiwona ngati phindu lokhala mmu gulu?

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3: Kulingalira monga gulu.

Kumbutsani anthu kuti mmene timakambilana patuluka nkhani zambiri zomwe zikuwakhuza komanso kukhuza anthu a mdela lawo komanso kuti tinayesetsa kuti tipeze zinthu zoti tingachite kuti tithane ndi mavuto omwe tinawalingalirawo.

Lingalirani za msonkhanowu ndikusankha vuto lomwe mwaliona kuti ndi lalikulu kwambiri kuti tithe kulikambilana limodzi.

4: Funsani mafunso otsatilawa.

Kodi ndi kuthekera kotani komwe ife ngati gulu tili nako komwe kungatithandize kuthana vuto limeneli?

Nanga ndi zinthu ziti zina zomwe zomwe tili nazo mdela lathu lino zomwe tingathe kugwiritsa ntchito pothetsa vuto lathuli?

Kodi nkofunika kuti abambo ndi amai agwirile ntchito limodzi kuti athetse vutoli?

Nanga abambo azatenga mbali yanji?

Nanga amai atenga mbali yanji?

Kodi maudindo awo azakhala chimodzimodzi?

Kodi phindu loti tonse tigwirile ntchito limodzi lingakhale chiyani?

Nanga tingatani kuti abambo ndi amai agwirile ntchito limodzi mofanana?

5: Kuombela nkota. Malizani ntchitoyi pounikilanso kuthekera konse ndi zinthu zothandizila pa ntchito zomwe zatchulidwa ndi gulu komanso momwe abambo ndi amai agwirila ntchito limodzi. Fotokozani za kugwirila ntchito limodzi ponena motere:

Taona momwe abambo ndi amai amagwilira ntchito limodzi mmagulu kuti atukule miyoyo yawo ndi ya anthu a mmadela awo.

Mchitidwe okhala mmaguluwu ndi kulumikizana ndi ena wothandiza kwambiri.

Nthawi zambiri phindu lalikulu ngati abambo ndi amai onse akutengapo mbali.

Nthawi zina timadalira amzathu, nthawi zina mabungwe, atsogoleri a mmadela athu, ndipo nthawi zina timadalira boma.

Titha kugwirila ntchito limodzi mmagulu okhazikika – mwachitsanzo aja amati ma CBO.

6: Womberani nkota zokambiranazi pounikila mfundo zikuluzikulu ndi phindu logwirila ntchito limodzi.


Chidziwitso kwa otsogolera: Kugwirila ntchito limodzi mmagulu kumathandiza

motere:

Kugawana mzeru ndi kumemeza zinthu mdela.

Kuthandiza anhtu kulingalira za myoyo wawo, kukhala ndi masomphenya a

mzeru ndi kukhala chikonzero chabwino cha mtsogolo.

Kuphunzitsa anthu payekhapayekha kutenga nawo mbali mofanana pochita

zinthu.

Kupeza chilimbikitso kwa anthu ena.

Kusonkhetsa chuma ndi zipangizo zina zothandiza pogwira ntchito.

Kuthana ndi mavuto.

Kuvomelezana pa zinthu ncholinga choti zinthu ziyende bwino mtsogolo.

Kukambirana za zinthu zomwe anthu mdelalo zikuwakhuza ndi kupeza njira

zothetsela mavutowo.


Zitsanzo za komwe

tingapeze chithandizo:

A mfumu

Kachisi

Magulu a mmidzi (CACC,

VHC)

Ogwira ntchito za umoyo.

Azamba

Apolisi,

Chiptala

Sukulu ndi aphunzitsi.

7: Malizani chochitachi pofotokoza mfundo izi motere.

Kugwira ntchito limodzi nkofunika kwambiri kwa abambo komanso amai kuti apeze phindu lochuluka lomwe paokha sakanalipeza.

Kudzela mu mgwirizano ndi mabungwe ena tikhoza kugwiritsa bwino chuma ndi katundu wathu komanso tiokhoza kupeza zina.

Kugwira ntchito limodzi kumapindulira munthu payekha komanso anthu onse mdela.

Abambo ndi amai amabweletsa phindu mosiyana koma onse ndiofunikira mu mgwirizano.

Chidziwitso kwa otsogolera : Ngati nthawi ilipo, tikhoza kujambula limodzi ndi anthu mapu a mudzi mmalo mwa ndime 3 mpaka 5.

Zida zofunika: Timapepala tolembedwa manambala 1 mpaka 6.

1: Fotokozerani za chochitikachi. Fotokozerani anthu kuti tiyesela kuthetsa vuto lomwe linatchulidwa mmbuyomu mmene timalingalira za msonkhanowu. Auzeni anthu kuti tijambula mapu a mudzi osonyeza zinthu zomwe zilimo zomwe zingatithandize kuthetsa vuto lathu komanso osonyeza njira ya komwe tingakapeze chithandizo chothetsera vutoli. 2: Poyamba funsani munthu mmodzi kuti ajambule mapu a mudzi pa dothi komanso mogwiritsa ntchito kamtengo. 3: Uzani anthu kuti tiyamba tapeza zinthu zomwe zingatithandize kuthetsa vuto zomwe tili nazo mmudzimo. Momwe tikuteromu funsani anthu kuti azipeleke ndi kuyelekeza kuti iwowo ndiye zinthu tazipezazi.

a. Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe tili nazo zoti zingatithandize kuthetsa vuto lathu? b. Nanga ndi ziti zina zomwe zilimo mmudzi muno zomwe tingagwiritse ntchito kuti tithetse vutoli? c. Kodi nkofunikila kuti abambo ndi amai agwirile ntchito limodzi pothetsa vutoli? d. Ndi mbali yanji yomwe atatenge abambo? e. Nanga ndi mbali yanji yomwe atatenge amai? f. Nanga maudindo awo akhala chimodzimodzi? g. Nanga phindu loti tonse tigwirile ntchito limodzi likhala chiyani?


4: Tichitenji kuti tionetsetse kuti abambo ndi amai akugwira ntchito limodzi mofanana? a. Kodi pali chizindikilo chomwe tingagwiritse ntchito kuti tisaiwale zomwe anthu aja azipeleka akuimila? (i. e. kachisi tithakusonyeza munthu akupemphera…). b. Ndi zipangizo ziti zina zomwe abambo ndi amai angabweretse? (i. e. luso, chidziwitso, ndalama etc.). c. Nanga izi tizidziwa ndi zizindikilo zanji? 5: Kambiranani ndime zonse zomwe angachite kuti athetse vuto. Gwiritsani ntchito manambala ngati chizindikilo cha yemwe angamufikile koyamba, kachiwiri etc. Akumbutseni anthu kuti palibe njira yabwino kapena yoipa. Akumbutseninso kuti akuyenera kuika maganizo awo kwambiri pa mudzi wawo momwe iwo amakhala osatinso kwina.

Kodi achita bwanji kuti akwanilitse cholinga chawo?

Amai adzapanga chiyani?

Nanga abambo adzapanga chiyani?

Ndi anthu ati komanso mabungwe ati omwe munawafikile koyamba? Chifukwa chiyani?.

Kodi ndi vuto lomwe akhale akuthetsa pogwiritsa ntchito abambo ndi amai limodzi?

Kodi adzathetsa bwanji mavutowa? 6: Kuwombera nkota. Tsekani ntchitoyi pounikilanso zinthu zomwe gulu lazitchula kuti zikhoza kuthandiza pothetsa vuto komanso momwe abambo ndo amai anagwirila ntchito limodzi.


Kuwombera Nkota

Nthawi: Mphindi 10 1: Unikilani maganizo ndi mfundo zikuluzikulu za mutu umenewu.

Kugwirila ntchito limodzi nkofunika kwambiri kwa abambo ndi amai kuti akwanilitse zolinga zawo zomwe paokha sakanakwanilitsa.

Kudzela mgwirizano ndi anthu omwe timawadziwa komanso mabungwe omwe timawadziwa tikhoza kugwiritsa ntchito bwino chuma komanso zipangizo zathu. Mnjira yomweyi tikhozanso kupeza zinthu zina zothandizira ntchito yathu.

Mgwirizani wa pa mudzi ndi wa phindu kwa munthu payekha komanso kwa mudzi onse.

Abambo ndi amai amatenga mbali mosiyana koma onse ali udindo wa ukulu poyendetsa mgwirizano.

Magulu omwe ali a amai okha kapena abambo okha ndi ofunikilabe, koma zolinga zawo zikhoza kukwanilitsidwa mosavuta ngati akugwira ntchito limodzi ngato anachitila a Atusole.

2: Unikilani za kusintha kwa aliyense payekha. Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yakusintha kapena funsani mafunso otsatilawa:

Kodi lero ndaphunzira zatsopano zokhuzana ndi kugwira ntchito limodzi? Ndi chiyani chomwe ndaphunzira?

Kodi ndi luso liti lomwe latchulidwa lero lomwe ndingaligwiritse ntchito pa moyo wanga?

Nanga ndi luso liti lomwe ndi ngalitukule ndi zomwe ndaphunzira lerozi?

Ndi chiyani chomwe ndingachite pandekha molingana ndi zomwe ndaphunzira?

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Kutsekera:

Nthawi: Mphindi 30

Tipindulanji? Chochitika ichi chotsiriza chikupatsa mwai gulu kugawana zomwe aphunzira, ndi kuzindikira ubwino wamgwirizano mtsogolo pakati pa gulu pamene adzafune kukwaniritsa ntchito zoikika. Poonjezera apo, gulu lifunsidwa kuti liunike machitidwe a otsogolera zokambirana ndi zochitika mumsokhanowu. Zipangizo zofunikira: mpira wa ulusi kapena chingwe. 1: Funsani gulu liyimirire mozungulira mothithikana. 2: Fotokozerani gulu kuti pamene mwaponya mpirawo, aliyense alongosolapo icho chomwe wachiphunzira mu msokhanowu. Agwiritse gawo lina la chingwecho ndi kuponyera wina aliyenseyo. 3: Yambani chochitikachi pokambapo chinthu chimodzi chomwe inu ngati otsogolera mwaphunzirapo. Mutatha kulongosola, gwiritsitsani mpira wa

ulusiwo ku mapeto ake komwe kuli lende, ndi kuponya mpirawo kwa yemwe mukuyang’anizana naye.

4: Wolandirayo apereke uthenga wake ndipo nayenso aponya mpirawo kwa

wina atagwirabe mbali ina ya chingwecho. Izi zipitirire mpaka aliyense mu gululo atakhala ndi mwai wofotokoza ndipo atagwiriabe gawo la chingwecho. Chotsatira chake chioneka ngati mmene kangaude amamangira.

5: Tsirizitsani chochitikako. Otsogolera atsirizitsa ponena kuti: Tonse taphunzira maluso atsopano ndi uthenga umene ukutipindulira

tokha. Monga tikuonera, kumanga kwa kangaude komwe tachita, pogwirirana manja tonse tingathe kugwiritsa maluso awa kuti tipindulire dera lathu.

6: Kuunikira magawo onse pogwiritsa ntchito sewero la mipando kapena zipangizo zina zopezeka mosavuta. Sewero lipatsa mwai gulu kuyankha kuyankha mafunso wounikira.

Ikani mipando koma paperewere umodzi moyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa gulu pakati pa chipindacho. Gulu likhale mozungulira mipandondipo avine mozungulira iyo akuimba nyimbo yomaganiziridwa ndi gulu.

Aliyense aimbe mpaka otsogolera aimitse! Izi zisonyeza kuti yense apeze pokhala pa umodzi mwa mipandoyo.

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Mmodzi mwa gulu amene ati asapeze mpando woti akhalepo akuyenera kuyankha kuyankha limodzi mwa mafunso wounikira aperekedwa mmunsimu.

Akangoyankha, achoke mu seweroli potenga mpando umodzi nkukakhala pa malo ena apadera mchipindamo.

Imbani ndi kufunsa wotsalirawo kuchita chimodzimodzi kambirimbiri kufikira mafunso wonse atayankhidwa.

Ngati palibe mipando (makamaka kumudzi), liuzeni gulu liyende mozungulira likuimba nyimbo limodzi. Mutha kuyala tindodo tochulukirapo, masamba, kapena zipangizo zina zopezeka mosavuta, kuperewera ndi chimodzi. Onetsetsani kuti ali motalikaniranapo kuti aliyense athe kukhala ndi mwai wofanana kutenga kamodzi (popanda kuvulazana). Pamene mukuchita izi, amene ati asatole kandodo kapena tsamba, ayankhe limodzi la mafunso ali mumnsimu. Wonse akatha, chotsanipo kandodoko kapena tsamba. Mafunso wounikira:

Nchiyani chomwe munachikondetsetsa mmagawo wonse tachita? Chifukwa chiyani?

Nchiyani chomwe simudakondwe nacho mmagawo wonse tachita? Chifukwa chiyani?

Tingakonze pati popititsa mtsogolo magawo tachita?

Mungawathandize bwanji otsogolera zokambirana pokweza ntchito yawo?

Nchiyani chokhuza otsogolera zokambirana chidakugwirani mtima mmene amawongolera magawo?

Mafunso onse atayankhidwa, lipatseni mwai gulu kuti lithe kupereka ndemanga zoonjezera ngati zilipo. 7: Kutseka msokhano.

Thokozani gulu lonse potengapo mbali.

Unikirani kufunikira kwa maphunziro omwe iwo achita.

Alimbikitseni kuti apitirize kukambirana mfundo zomwe zakambidwa mu msokhano uno.

Komanso, alimbikitseni kuti apitirize kupeza mmene udindo wao mchikhalidwe umachitira pa miyoyo yawo ndi kuchitapo kith posintha zolakwikazo komanso kulimbikitsa izo zothandiza.


Matanthauzo a mau ena opezeka m’bukhuli Mwayi opeza kapena kufikira chinthu: Kukwanitsa kupanga kapena kukhala ndi chinthu kapenanso kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo. EDZI (AIDS): Chipwilikiti cha matenda omwe amabwera mthupi la munthu chifukwa chakuti chitetezo chake chafooka chifukwa cha kachilombo ka HIV. Ulamuliro: Kukwanitsa kupanga chiganizo pa zinthu kapena mwayi ochita kapena kukhala ndi chinthu. Zibwenzi za pakati pa anthu osiyana zaka: Zibwenzi zogonana za pakati pa anthu omwe ali osiyana zaka zisanu kapena kuposerapo. Zibwenzi zimenezi makamaka zimakhala pakati pa abambo akuluakulu ndi amayi achichepere kapena asungwana. Zibwenzi zoterezi zimawayika amayi kapena asungwana pa choopsyezo chachikulu chotenga kachilombo ka HIV chifukwa kusiyana munsinkhuku kumapangitsa kuti iwo kulephera kupanga kukhala ndi ulamuliro pammene angazitetezere ngati akugonana. Kupereka maganizo ndi kumanga mfundo mofanana mphamvu: Izi zikutanthauza kumanga mfundo kumene abambo ndi amayi amatenga mbali. Iwo amakambirana maganizo awo, zokhumba zawo ndi kugwirizana mfundo yokomera onse.

Jenda: Liwuli likutanthauza zinthu zomwe zimasiyanitsa abambo ndi amayi osati kuchokera pachilengedwe koma zizolowezi zomwe zimaphunsitsidwa ndi chikhalidwe. Zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana zimasiyanitsa ntchito, maudindo komanso ufulu pakati ma amayi ndi abambo. Kusiyanaku kumatsamira kwambiri pa zikhulupiliro za anthu pa chikhalidwe cha abambo ndi amayi komanso zomwe angakwanitse kuchita. Mwachitsanzo: Timayembekezera kuti mmadera ambiri amayi ndi omwe amayang’anira zophikaphika ndi kusamalira ana pomwe abambo amayang’anira chuma cha pakhomopo. Nkhanza zochitika chifukwa cha kusiyana pakati pa abambo ndi amayi: Izi nkhanza zina zilizonse zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chakusiyana pakati pa abambo ndi amayi komanso zomwe zitha kupangitsa kuti kusiyana kumeneku kupitilirebe. Nkhanza za pogonana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kugonana ngati chida chopwetekera munthu mnzako kapena kuwonetsa mphamvu pa munthu wina. Chitsanzo cha nkhanza zochitika chifukwa chakusiyanaku ndi nkhanza zomwe abambo amachitira amayi. Zitsanzo za nkhanza zokhudza kugonana ndi kugwirilira ana komanso amayi.


Thanzi: Ichi chimatanthauza kuti thupi kapena maganizo a munthu zili bwino ndipo akutha kuzigwiritsa ntchito bwino. HIV: Kachilombo komwe kamaononga chitetezo cha mthupi mwa munthu. kumatenda osiyanasiyana. Mgwirizano: Gulu la anthu kapena magulu omwe akugwilira ntchito pamodzi kapena limodzi kuti akwanilitse zolinga zawo. Chipangizo: Ichi ndi chinthu chabwino chomwe munthu angathe kugwiritsa ntchito monga ndalama kapena katundu. Ufulu (Maufulu): Kuyenerezeka kupanga chinthu kapena maganizo chifukwa posatengera mtundu, chibadwidwe kapena chuma. Kukhala mwamuna kapena mkazi: Uku ndi kusiyana komwe kulipo pakati pa amuna ndi akazi chifukwa cha chilengedwe. Kusiyana kumeneku kumatsamila kwambiri pa ziwalo ndi ntchito za amayi ndi abambo pogonana. Kusiyana kowonekera kwambiri komwe kulipo ndi kwakuti akazi ali ndi nyini pomwe amuna ali ndi mbolo. Izi anthu amabadwa nazo ndipo sizingasinthike. Matenda opatsirana pogonana: Matenda omwe anthu amapatsirana kudzera mu kugonana. Zitsanzo zake ndi HIV, chindoko, chizonono ndi mauka. Luso: Luso ndi momwe munthu amachitira zinthu. Ichi ndi chinthu chakuti munthu akhoza kuphunzira ndiponso kuchizindikira kwambiri atakhala kuti akuchitachita. Kugonana kosinthanitsa ndi ndalama kapena katundu: Kugonana komwe ndi cholinga chakuti akagonana wina apeze mphatso, ndalama, komanso mwina zina zomwe iwo akuzifuna kapena amazikhumba. Nkhanza: Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, kuopsyeza komanso kukakamiza. Uku kukhoza kukhala kumenya, kutonza, kukakamiza kapena kukaniza kugonana m’banja, kumana ndalama kapenanso kusaonetsa chikondi. Nkhanza sikuti zimachitika pakati pa anthu pokha komanso pakati pa magulu a anthu.


Ndondomeko ya Kusintha kwa Munthu yoti Tilembe.

Ndondomekoyi yikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chosungila zomwe mukuphunzira pa msonkhanowu.Zizafunikanso patsogolo pa nthawi yomwe muzizalingalira kuti kusintha komwe mukufuna kutheke. Mutu Kodi lero

mwaphunzirapo chatsopano? Ndi

chiyani?

Kodi mutu uwu wasintha

kaganizidwe kanu? Mwamtundu wanji?

Kodi mwaphunzira luso latsopano?

Lotani?

Kodi muchitapo kanthu pa zomwe

mwaphunzira?

Nanga mwachitapo kale kanthu?

Maganizo pa mutu 1:

Maganizo pa mutu 2:

Chowonjezera

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Maganizo pa mutu 3:

Maganizo pa mutu 4:

Maganizo pa mutu 5:

Maganizo pa mutu 6:

Maganizo pa mutu 7:


Maganizo pa mutu 8:

Maganizo pa mutu 9:


Chitsanzo cha Ndondomeko ya Kusintha kwa Munthu

Mutu Kodi lero mwaphunzirapo chatsopano? Ndi

chiyani?

Kodi mutu uwu wasintha

kaganizidwe kanu? Mwamtundu

wanji?

Kodi mwaphunzira luso latsopano?

Lotani?

Kodi muchitapo kanthu pa zomwe mwaphunzira?

Nanga mwachitapo kale kanthu?

Mfundo za mutu 1: Jenda ndi uchembele komanso ubereki wabeino.

Inde, ndaphunzira kuti abambo ndi amai ali zofuna zofanana zokhuza uchembele ndi uberekimonga: chikondi,kumvetsetsa ndi zina

Inde, ndikukhulupilira kuti nkofunika kuti tizikambirana ndi ndi munhtu wogonana naye kuti timange mfundo limodzi.

Inde, ndaphunzira momwe ndingachitile ndikakumana ndi vuto lokhuza uchembele ndi ubereki.

Inde, ndiyamba kukambirana ndi mkazi wanga kuti tizimanga mfundo zabwino.Komanso mtsogolo muno ndizakatenga uphungu wa uchembele ndi ubereki.

Ndamuuza mkazi wanga zomwe tinakambirani pa maphunziriwa ndipo tagwirizana kuti tizimasukilana pa nkhani za uchembele ndi ubereki.

Fotokozani kuti munthu siokakamizidwa kugwana ndi aliyense zomwe walemba mu ndundomeko yakeyi. Choncho amasuke kulemba zomwe iwo akuona kuti ndizofunikira ngakhalebe zili za umwini. Koma ngati pali ena omwe ali omasuka kugawana ndi amzawo nthawi ipezeke tisanayambe muti otsatila.

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Fomu Younikira ndi Kuyikira Ndemanga

Tikufuna kumva maganizo anu! Lembani ndipo mutitumizile. Mayankho anu atithandiza kuti tikonzenso phukusili. Tumizani ku: Bridge Project, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Communication Programs, P.O. Box 30782, Lilongwe 3, Malawi Nambala ya Telefoni: 01 750 533

Nambala ya Fax: 01 750 496 1. Chongani anthu kapena gulu la anthu omwe mwagwiritsa nawo ntchito bukhu la

phukusi la African Transformation:

Magulu a achinyamata

Magulu a ku mudzi

Anthu omwe ali ndi HIV nd AIDS

Magulu a abambo

Abambo ndi amai limodzi

Kumpingo

Asing’nga azisamba

Ophunzira

Popeleka uphungu

Tchulani zina zomwe sitinatchule

2. Kodi ndi ubwino wanji womwe zochitika mu phukusi la African Transformation ladzetsa pa anthu omwe achita nawo zokambirana, makamaka pa kaganizidwe ndi machitidwe a zinthu

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Chowonjezera

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3. Kodi anthuwa anena kuti chiyani kapena achita chiyani chomwe chakuganizitsani chonchi?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Nthawi yomwe mumagwiritsa ntchitoyo, zochitika zomwe zinayenda bwino

ndi ziti?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. Nanga ndi zochitika ziti zomwe sizinayende bwino? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. Ndi zovuta zanji zomwe munaziona pogwiritsa ntchito zochitika za mu

phukusi la African Transformation? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………


7. Kodi chilipo chomwe munasinthapo? Tiuzeni zomwe munasintha. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. Ndi kusintha kwanji komwe mungakonde kutachitika mu bukhuli kuti likhale

losavuta kumvetsa?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. Kodi inu kapena bungwe lanu likufuna chithandizo chinachilichonse

chokhuzana zochitika mu phukusi la African Transformation? YES NO 10. Ngati mukuvomera, ndi thandizo la mtundu wanji lomwe mukufuna ndipo yani

mu bungwe lanumo? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11. Amene apindule ndi maphunzirowa ndi ndani? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………


12. Ndemanga zina zomwe muli nazo? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Dzina lanu: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Bungwe:...........................................................................................

Keyala:.............................................................................................

Foni:………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Fax:............................................................……………………………….………………

Email……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Zikomo!

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