Yvette Oliver - CSIRO 25th Feb 2014 powerpoints/Oliver, Yvette - Soil water measuring and...Issues...
Transcript of Yvette Oliver - CSIRO 25th Feb 2014 powerpoints/Oliver, Yvette - Soil water measuring and...Issues...
![Page 1: Yvette Oliver - CSIRO 25th Feb 2014 powerpoints/Oliver, Yvette - Soil water measuring and...Issues with soil information • Naming of soils variable • Difficulty picking a soil](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041815/5e5a245915d1316e917e88e2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Soil water measuring & managing:What is happening in WAYvette Oliver - CSIRO25th Feb 2014
![Page 2: Yvette Oliver - CSIRO 25th Feb 2014 powerpoints/Oliver, Yvette - Soil water measuring and...Issues with soil information • Naming of soils variable • Difficulty picking a soil](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041815/5e5a245915d1316e917e88e2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Scoping study on soil water• Who’s doing what• What the issue are • What training was needed
Information came from• Literature and web, email surveys,
workshops held in Narrogin, Kellerberrin, Geraldton and Esperance, Soil Water Champions meetings
![Page 3: Yvette Oliver - CSIRO 25th Feb 2014 powerpoints/Oliver, Yvette - Soil water measuring and...Issues with soil information • Naming of soils variable • Difficulty picking a soil](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041815/5e5a245915d1316e917e88e2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Soil Water Champions• Yvette Oliver – CSIRO
• Dennis van Gool, Rob Grima, David Hall, Jeremy Lemon and Caroline
Peek – DAFWA
• Julianne Hill and Cameron Weeks - Regional Cropping Solutions
Network Co-ordinators
• Rebecca Wallis – Grower Group Alliance
• Frank D’Emdem – Precision Agronomics Australia
• Geoff Fosbery - Consult Ag
• David Stead – Anasazi Agronomy
• Craig Topham – Agrarian
![Page 4: Yvette Oliver - CSIRO 25th Feb 2014 powerpoints/Oliver, Yvette - Soil water measuring and...Issues with soil information • Naming of soils variable • Difficulty picking a soil](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041815/5e5a245915d1316e917e88e2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Who is doing what?• Measuring soil water in trials – CSIRO, DAFWA, Liebe group, WANTFA
• Yield Prophet - which uses soil characterised previous, few are doing
new characterisations
• MyCrop – estimate of Plant Available Water Capacity (PAWC) to
estimate Yield potential
• Soil water probes – GDRC, RCSN and individual farmers
• Not measuring but interested - runoff, non-wetting, other tools
• No co-ordination of effort, communication or common protocols
• Part of this role being taken on by DAFWA funded by GRDC
![Page 5: Yvette Oliver - CSIRO 25th Feb 2014 powerpoints/Oliver, Yvette - Soil water measuring and...Issues with soil information • Naming of soils variable • Difficulty picking a soil](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041815/5e5a245915d1316e917e88e2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Issues• Lack of knowledge about soil water, tools and Yield
Prophet®
• Gaps in soil data
• Difficulty with the picking a soil in yield Prophet
• More information about soil water probes
• Better understanding about using soil water in farm
management decisions
![Page 6: Yvette Oliver - CSIRO 25th Feb 2014 powerpoints/Oliver, Yvette - Soil water measuring and...Issues with soil information • Naming of soils variable • Difficulty picking a soil](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041815/5e5a245915d1316e917e88e2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
What is soil water ?• Gravimetric soil water (g/g) –
– weight of water (g) per g of soil
• Volumetric Soil water content (cm3/cm3) = %
– weight of water per volume soil
• Soil water to depth (mm) is the soil water % multiplied by the depth
– Ie 10% water in 1m = 100mm water
• This is still not plant available water!!!!
![Page 7: Yvette Oliver - CSIRO 25th Feb 2014 powerpoints/Oliver, Yvette - Soil water measuring and...Issues with soil information • Naming of soils variable • Difficulty picking a soil](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041815/5e5a245915d1316e917e88e2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
What is soil water characterisation ?• Plant available water
Capacity (PAWC)
– Crop lower limit
– Drained Upper limit
• Soil chemistry
• Bulk Density
• Plant available water
= water content-
Crop lower Limit
![Page 8: Yvette Oliver - CSIRO 25th Feb 2014 powerpoints/Oliver, Yvette - Soil water measuring and...Issues with soil information • Naming of soils variable • Difficulty picking a soil](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041815/5e5a245915d1316e917e88e2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Use of soil water information• Yield potential knowing PAWC – MyCrop, CliMate , Yield Prophet
• Start of season soil water
– Uses in models at start of season conditions i.e. Yield prophet
– In decision of dry sowing
– Measured effect of management options on start of season soil water i.e.
summer weed management, stubble management or fallow
• In-season decisions i.e. top-up N, spray top or grain marketing
• Other?
![Page 9: Yvette Oliver - CSIRO 25th Feb 2014 powerpoints/Oliver, Yvette - Soil water measuring and...Issues with soil information • Naming of soils variable • Difficulty picking a soil](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041815/5e5a245915d1316e917e88e2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Soil Data• APSoil – soil
characterisations data –
Google earth, APSIM
Yield Prophet
• SoilMapp – same data
as APSoil but also other
soil data (ASRIS)
![Page 10: Yvette Oliver - CSIRO 25th Feb 2014 powerpoints/Oliver, Yvette - Soil water measuring and...Issues with soil information • Naming of soils variable • Difficulty picking a soil](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041815/5e5a245915d1316e917e88e2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Soil Data• APSoil – soil
characterisations data –
Google earth, APSIM
Yield Prophet
• SoilMapp – same data
as APSoil but also other
soil data (ASRIS)
![Page 11: Yvette Oliver - CSIRO 25th Feb 2014 powerpoints/Oliver, Yvette - Soil water measuring and...Issues with soil information • Naming of soils variable • Difficulty picking a soil](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041815/5e5a245915d1316e917e88e2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Soil water characterisations
• Regional Gaps
• Soil types gap– alkaline shallow duplex
– calcareous loamy earths
– deep loamy duplexes and
earths and
– gravels.
• Many of these gaps due
to soils are difficult to
characterise
![Page 12: Yvette Oliver - CSIRO 25th Feb 2014 powerpoints/Oliver, Yvette - Soil water measuring and...Issues with soil information • Naming of soils variable • Difficulty picking a soil](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041815/5e5a245915d1316e917e88e2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Issues with soil information• Naming of soils variable
• Difficulty picking a soil
– closest soil characterised
– Soil type based using rules to pick based on texture and chemistry,
– help to pick based on soil water measurements
• Characterise yourself or pick a soil from database
– Do you need to be accurate or just representative?
– Adjusting current soils
• Subsoil constraints – some rules to adjust current soils
![Page 13: Yvette Oliver - CSIRO 25th Feb 2014 powerpoints/Oliver, Yvette - Soil water measuring and...Issues with soil information • Naming of soils variable • Difficulty picking a soil](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041815/5e5a245915d1316e917e88e2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Yield Prophet 2013
234 sites
![Page 14: Yvette Oliver - CSIRO 25th Feb 2014 powerpoints/Oliver, Yvette - Soil water measuring and...Issues with soil information • Naming of soils variable • Difficulty picking a soil](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041815/5e5a245915d1316e917e88e2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Yield and nitrogen Soil water
Crop stage
Yield Prophet
![Page 15: Yvette Oliver - CSIRO 25th Feb 2014 powerpoints/Oliver, Yvette - Soil water measuring and...Issues with soil information • Naming of soils variable • Difficulty picking a soil](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041815/5e5a245915d1316e917e88e2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Soil Water probes
• 57 probes so far…
• May need to be
calibrated
• Results are specific to
that soil and paddock
management
• Need to know the issues
and constraints
![Page 16: Yvette Oliver - CSIRO 25th Feb 2014 powerpoints/Oliver, Yvette - Soil water measuring and...Issues with soil information • Naming of soils variable • Difficulty picking a soil](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041815/5e5a245915d1316e917e88e2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Soil water probe outputs
![Page 17: Yvette Oliver - CSIRO 25th Feb 2014 powerpoints/Oliver, Yvette - Soil water measuring and...Issues with soil information • Naming of soils variable • Difficulty picking a soil](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041815/5e5a245915d1316e917e88e2/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
202mm
280 mm
237 mm
Field Capacity
Wilting Point
Plant available water capacity = 280 – 202 = 78 mm
![Page 18: Yvette Oliver - CSIRO 25th Feb 2014 powerpoints/Oliver, Yvette - Soil water measuring and...Issues with soil information • Naming of soils variable • Difficulty picking a soil](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041815/5e5a245915d1316e917e88e2/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
What to do with probe data• Visual display of soil water extraction, rainfall infiltration which
can show soil constraints
– Still needs to be related to PAWC to be meaningful
• Improve Yield prophet (YP) accuracy by improved
characterisations and crop parameters
– but this comes at a cost – is YP enough?
• Addition of weather stations at site improves YP and farmer
knowledge
• Still not sure how to use this data in crop management
![Page 19: Yvette Oliver - CSIRO 25th Feb 2014 powerpoints/Oliver, Yvette - Soil water measuring and...Issues with soil information • Naming of soils variable • Difficulty picking a soil](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041815/5e5a245915d1316e917e88e2/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Where to next with soil water• Co-ordination of soil water information – Soil
water champions and DAFWA coordinator• Filling gaps in characterisations• Training – basic and advanced
• More thinking about why, when and how we need soil water information for farm management decisions
![Page 20: Yvette Oliver - CSIRO 25th Feb 2014 powerpoints/Oliver, Yvette - Soil water measuring and...Issues with soil information • Naming of soils variable • Difficulty picking a soil](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041815/5e5a245915d1316e917e88e2/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Filling the gaps –regional and soil type
Focus paddock
Apsoil sites
Soil water probes
Work with Grower
groups/Consultants
![Page 21: Yvette Oliver - CSIRO 25th Feb 2014 powerpoints/Oliver, Yvette - Soil water measuring and...Issues with soil information • Naming of soils variable • Difficulty picking a soil](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022041815/5e5a245915d1316e917e88e2/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Questions?Want to be involved - characterisationsor workshops?
Dr Yvette Oliver [email protected] 982 938