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Closing the Loop

in the Food Industry

Best Practices

Gregory S. Yovanof, PhD Athens Information Technology

email: yovanof@gmail.com

_

3/15/2015 12:47:47 PM DEREE – The American College of Greece , Sustainability Week, March 9-13, 2015

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Agenda

The Global Food System

Sustainable Agriculture

Best Practice Cases

Food Production

Processing, Distribution

Consumption & Waste Management

Conclusion

2

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The Food System

4

Food systems comprise all

aspects of:

Food production (the way the

food is grown or raised; the way

the food is harvested or

slaughtered);

and the way the food is

processed, packaged, or

otherwise prepared for

consumer purchase; and,

food distribution (where and

how the food is sold to

consumers and how the food is

transported); and

Consumption & Waste

management

Hanson, J.D., Hendrickson, J., & Archer, D. (2008).

Challenges for maintaining sustainable agricultural systems in

the United States. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems,

23, 325–334.

http://www.sustainabletable.org/254/local-regional-food-systems

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Broken (?) Food System

7

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Broken (?) Food System

9

Every night 1 in 7

people go to bed

hungry

By investing in small-

scale farming, Brazil

reduced the # of

people living in

poverty by 20M

between 2003-9

The average price

of staple foods

could more than

double by 2030

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How Many People Can We

Feed?

Projected Global Population = 10 Billion in 2050.

N. American diet of 800 Kg grain/person/year - 2.5 billion people

Italian diet of 400 Kg grain/person/year - 5 billion people

Indian diet of 200 Kg grain/person/year - 10 billion people

11

(A decrease of 0.5 births per family in

developing countries can reduce the peak

global population to

7 billion.)

2ND Annual Locavore Challenge, UPEI School of Business, Executive MBA Program, February 6, 2010 ‘A Bioregional Approach to a Local (Food) Economy’”.

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Toward Sustainable Agricultural

Systems in the 21st Century

Ron Rossman, “Sustainable Agriculture”, 2010

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Global Agriculture –

Drivers and constraints

Biggest driver : Industrialization of Agriculture

over the last 40 years

Ron Rossman, “Sustainable Agriculture”, 2010

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Food System

46

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Decreased diversity and crop

rotations

Ron Rossman, “Sustainable Agriculture”, 2010

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What kind of food system do we

have today?

60% of the food comes

from only 2% of the

farms

Only a handful of

corporations control the

input, processing, and

marketing of most of

what we eat

The producer’s share is

down to 19 cents of the

food dollar

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Who will feed the World?

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What is Agricultural Sustainability?

Farming that makes

best use of nature’s

goods and services

while not damaging

the environment

54

Hans R. Herren, “Millenium Institute, “Agricultural

Sustainability Indicators: a Global and Developi9ng Country

Perspectives – Why and Why Not?”, Infasa, 2006

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SUSTAINABLE

AGRICULTURE

INITIATIVES

65

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Food Declaration (USA)

The Declaration for Healthy

Food and Agriculture (also

known as the Food Declaration)

is a petition, endorsed by 200

national leaders of the

sustainable food movement,

outlining 12 principles that these

leaders believe should frame a

healthy food and agriculture policy.

Initiated by Roots of Change (a San

Francisco based non-profit

organization).

It was launched at the 2008 Slow

Food Nation event at San Francisco

City Hall.

69 http://www.rootsofchange.org/projects/food-declaration/

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World Summit on Food Security

(Rome, 16-18 Nov. 2009)

Declaration of the World

Summit on Food

Security: We, the Heads

of State and Government,

or our Representatives

and the Representative of

the European Community

have assembled in Rome

at the World Summit on

Food Security to take

urgent action to eradicate

hunger from the world.

71 http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/wsfs/Summit/Docs/Final_Declaration/WSFS09_Declaration.pdf

10 Things You Need To Know About Hunger, World Food Programme 2013.

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Actions towards a Sustainable

European food chain

On the basis of the Foresight (2011)

and FAO (2012) reports , we define

the sustainability of food systems as

“The continuous engagement of food

chain stakeholders to achieve “low

environmental impacts while

contributing to food and nutrition

security and to healthy life for

present and future generations”.

These systems should be “protective and

respectful of biodiversity and

ecosystems, culturally acceptable,

accessible, economically fair and

affordable; nutritionally adequate, safe

and healthy; while optimizing natural and

human resources”.

FoodDrinkEurope

represents Europe’s food

and drink industry, Europe’s

largest manufacturing sector

in terms of turnover,

employment and value

added.

http://www.fooddrinkeurope.eu/

www.supplychaininitiative.eu

72 http://www.fooddrinkeurope.eu/S=0/publication/the-supply-chain-initiative-1st-annual-report/

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NEW TECHNOLOGIES

IN AGRICULTURE

.

76

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Precision Agriculture (PA)

Implementing Precision

Agriculture (PA)

technologies within the

context of 4R Nutrient

Stewardship is an efficient

and effective way to help

meet the environmental,

economic and social goals

of sustainable agricultural

systems.

77

4R Nutrient Stewardship —The

fundamental practices of applying

the right nutrient source at the

right rate, at the right time, and in

the right place.

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ICT and Precision Agriculture

Developments in The Netherlands

Round Table ICT and Precision Farming, Turin,

Italy, 24 June 2013

Sjaak Wolfert, LEI Wageningen UR & Peter Paree, ZLTO

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Coherence: management cycle

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Agricultural Robotics

Agricultural robotics is the

use of automation in bio

systems such as agriculture,

forestry, and fisheries. It is

replacing the conventional

techniques to perform the

same tasks, with efficiency.

Applying automation to

agriculture has helped create

several advancements to the

industry while helping farmers

save money and time.

87

MF- Scamp robots

for scouting,

weeding and

harvesting

“Agricultural Robots”, by Hamayal Wajid, Lodhi

Aleena, Ahmed Khan, & Maria Aziz

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SmartAgriFood EU Project:

3 use case domains – 6 pilots

Vegetable

Production

(greenhouse)

Arable

Farming

(spraying)

Flowers &

Plants

Supply Chain

Fruits & Vegs

Supply Chain

Meat

Transparency

Tailored Shopping

Experience

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COMPASS: EU Funded Baltic Project –

Nutrient Management Technologies

EU-funded project Baltic

COMPASS aims to find ways

how the agricultural sector in

the Baltic Sea Region can

produce the daily food

required by the region's 90

million inhabitants and at the

same time preserve the Baltic

Sea.

An exhibition of the project,

can be seen at Agro

Business Park, which deals

with technologies with

benefits for both

environmentalists and

farmers.

Agro Business Park – is Denmark’s only science

park specializing in knowledge based innovation and

entrepreneurship within agriculture, bioenergy,

environmental technologies and food processing.

Agro Business Park provides incubator facilities for

knowledge based start up businesses in the agro-

science sectors. http://www.agropark.dk/

92 http://www.balticcompass.org/_blog/Latest_News/post/Win-win_technologies_for_nutrient_management_/

http://agro-technology-atlas.eu/

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The Case of Israeli Agriculture

Israel is a major exporter of

fresh produce and a world-leader

in agricultural technologies

despite the fact that the

geography of Israel is not

naturally conducive to agriculture.

More than half of the land area is

desert, and the climate and lack

of water resources do not favor

farming. Only 20% of the land

area is naturally arable.

Today agriculture represents 2.5% of

total GDP and 3.6% of exports.

While agricultural workers make up

only 3.7% of the work force, Israel

produces 95% of its own food

requirements 95

www.agro-tour.co.ii

Agro-tourism, Fish-Farming

Eco-Greenhouse,

Algae production

Hydroponic Agriculture

Ein Yahav: past and present

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When the

Indians

came upon

a new land

and didn’t

know what

to eat,

asked

Mother

Earth for

guidance!

106

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Biomimicry

Innovation Inspired by Nature

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Biomimicry on Farming

Polycultures replacing Monocultures

Since 1976, The Land Institute

(TLI) has been using nature as a

model for the sustainable production

of food.

“This means perennial grains

grown in mixtures, thus creating

ecosystems that reflect the

resilience and productivity of

prairies.”

This promises an end to soil erosion,

weaning from chemical inputs, restoration

of soil health, curtailing of carbon

emissions and greater food security”

Impacts: Soil health and fertility, water

efficiency, energy efficiency, pest

management.

http://www.landinstitute.org/

112

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Food Forest Design The Permaculture Research Institute: “Why

Food Forest?” http://permaculturenews.org/2011/10/21/why-food-forests/

Forests are life!

Forests are home to approximately 50-90%

of all the world’s terrestrial (land-living)

biodiversity — including the pollinators

and wild relatives of many agricultural crops

(Source: WWF Living Planet Report 2010)

Tropical forests alone are estimated to

contain between 10-50 million species -

over 50% of species on the planet.

Rainforests cover 2% of the Earth’s

surface and 6% of its land mass, yet they

are home to over half of the world’s plant

and animal species.

Now, imagine if everything in this lush,

abundant, spectacular forest was edible!

114

Robert Hart, forest

gardening pioneer

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URBAN Farming

Urban agriculture is the

practice of cultivating,

processing, and

distributing food in or

around a village, town,

or city.

Urban agriculture can also

involve animal

husbandry, aquaculture,

agroforestry, Urban

beekeeping,

and horticulture.

Community wastes were used in

ancient Egypt to feed urban farming.

In Machu Picchu water was conserved

and reused as part of the stepped

architecture of the city, and vegetable

beds were designed to gather sun in

order to prolong the growing season.

In 2010, New York City saw the building and

opening of the world's largest privately owned

and operated rooftop farm, followed by an

even larger location in 2012. Both were a

result of municipal programs such as The

Green Roof Tax Abatement Program and

Green Infrastructure Grant Program. 117 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_agriculture An urban farm in Chicago

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Urban Farming is a chain

of industries that produce,

process and sell food and

energy to meet the

consumer needs of the city.

(FAO)

Urban Farming also

contributes to saving the

environment with waste

management and creates a

cleaner city with the

implementation of 3R

(reuse, reduce, recycle)

for the management of

municipal solid waste

(MSW).

WHAT IS

URBAN

FARMING

?

What Is URBAN Farming?

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FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION

(FAO) OF THE UNITED NATIONS - Rome, 2014

FAO report (Rome,

2014), “Growing

Greener Cities in Latin

America & the

Caribbean”.

An FAO report on urban

and peri-urban agriculture

in the region

123

HAVANA, Cuba

Mexico City, Mexico

Cities of despair - or opportunity?

Challenge: to steer urbanization from its current,

unsustainable path and towards greener cities that offer

choice, opportunity and hope

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Urban Farm Cooperative In New

Orleans (1/2)

Viet Village Urban Farm is a

28-acres urban farming project

located in New Orleans East, an

area hard hit by Hurricane

Katrina.

The farm is a combination of

small-plot gardening for family

consumption, larger

commercial plots focused on

providing food for local

restaurants and grocery stores

in New Orleans, and a

livestock area for raising

chickens and goats in the

traditional Vietnamese way.

124 VEGGI Farmers’ Cooperative’s http://www.veggifarmcoop.com/

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Urban Farm Cooperative In New

Orleans (2/2)

ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS

Circulates Water

Cleans Water

Conserves Water

Creates Urban Farm

Ecologically Manages

Stormwater

Reduces Urban Heat

Removes Toxic Chemicals

Restores Soils

Sequesters Carbon

Solar Powered

125 VEGGI Farmers’ Cooperative’s http://www.veggifarmcoop.com/

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Designs by Blacke Kurasek & Oliver Foster, http://www.verticalfarm.com/

Urban Vertical Agroecology

Greg Pillar, “Everybody Eats: The Sustainability and Future of Our Global Food System”, Queens Univ. of Charlotte, Aug. 2011

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Role of Family Farming in Food

Security & Sustainable Development

The United Nations

declared 2014 the Int’l Year

of Family Farming.

This provides an occasion to

highlight the role that family

farmers – a sector that

includes small and medium-

scale farmers, indigenous

peoples, traditional

communities, fishers,

pastoralists, forest dwellers,

food gatherers and many

others – play in food security

and sustainable

development.

132 http://www.globalagriculture.org/fileadmin/files/weltagrarbericht/GlobalAgriculture/SmallholdersFeedingtheworld.pdf

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Small-scale Aquaponic Food

Production

Aquaponics is a technique that

has its place within the wider

context of sustainable intensive

agriculture, especially in family-

scale applications.

It offers supportive and

collaborative methods of

vegetable and fish production

and can grow substantial

amounts of food in locations and

situations where soil-based

agriculture is difficult or

impossible.

Aquaponics is most appropriate

where land is expensive, water is

scarce, and soil is poor. 133

Food &

Agriculture

Organization

(FAO) of the

United Nations:

“Small-scale

aquaponic food

production –

Integrated fish

and plant

farming”, 2014

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SUSTAINABLE MODELS IN

FOOD PROCESSING,

PACKAGING & DISTRIBUTION

.

136

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Eco-Friendly Food Packaging

Oil-free bioplastic packaging:

Mushroom® Packaging Ecovative’s

award-winning Mushroom

Packaging is a home-compostable

packaging solution based on

mycelium, a living organism. The

material is a high-performance,

environmentally responsible

alternative to traditional plastic foam

packaging, insulation, and other

synthetic materials.

Ecovative’s products follow nature’s broad design principles, requiring low-

energy manufacturing, utilizing agricultural waste and benign chemistry, and

breaking down completely in the environment, releasing their nutrients for re-use.

http://www.ecovativedesign.com/ 137

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The invention of edible food packaging will transform how

we eat and cut down the amount of plastic we throw away

139 http://www.treehugger.com/green-food/edible-waste-free-food-packaging-does-exist-do-people-really-want-it.html

Edible Packaging

Food wrapped in food

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Edible Coffee Cups by KFC

in the UK (March, 2015)

Now you can drink your coffee

and eat it, too.

KFC is launching a cool new way to get

your morning joe with the release of

edible coffee cups in the U.K.

The mini, cookie-lined wafer

cups aren’t just cute—they’re also

laced with “mood enhancing

scents meant to evoke memories

of summer holidays and warm

weather,” reports NY Daily News.

The feel good scents include coconut

sunscreen, freshly cut grass and

wild flowers. 141

http://www.foxnews.com/leisure/2015/02/27/kfc-unveils-edible-coffee-cups-in-uk/ Published, Feb. 27, 2015

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Indoor Farming The worlds Largest Indoor farm in Japan

The worlds Largest Indoor farm

produces 10,000 heads of

Lettuce in Japan

A former Sony Corporation

semiconductor factory in Japan

has been converted into the

world’s largest indoor farm.

Japanese plant physiologist

Shigeharu Shimamura, CEO of

Mirai Co., partnered with GE

Japan to make his dream of a

water, space and energy

efficient indoor farming system a

reality.

The one year old plant (as

of July, 2014) is already

shipping out 10,000 heads

of lettuce per day.

142 http://inhabitat.com/the-worlds-largest-indoor-farm-produces-10000-heads-of-lettuce-a-day-in-japan/

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London Underground Bomb

Shelter - ZeroCarbonFood

143

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Supermarket with Rooftop Greenhouse

to Sell Super-Local Foods

The new farm (opened in NYC,

in fall 2014) is USA's, if not the

world's, first greenhouse

integrated into a supermarket.

Located in the Gowanus

neighborhood of Brooklyn.

It's claimed that the irrigation

methods will use a twentieth of

the water of conventional

farming methods.

The greenhouse is designed,

built and operated by Gotham

Greens with Whole Foods

running the store beneath

Gotham Greens' first rooftop

farm (Photo: Gotham Greens) 145

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“Zero-waste” Supermarket An experiment in eco-conscious consumption

Original Unverpackt (“Original

Unpackaged”), which opened in

Berlin, in Sep. 2014, is Germany’s

first package-free supermarket. It

offers all its 350-some products —

including fruits, vegetables, dry

grains and pourable liquids like

yogurt, lotion and shampoo —

dispensed into refillable

containers. (Some liquids come in

bottles with deposits on them, which

is already standard in Germany).

The shop, backed by crowdfunding,

is a creative experiment in eco-

conscious shopping.

147

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SUSTAINABLE MODELS IN

FOOD CONSUMPTION

.

148

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Local Food Movement

To resolve some of problems of the

global food system, the local food

movement has pushed for

community-supported agriculture

(CSA) programs and farmers

markets, which offer fresher, more

nutritious alternatives to industrialized

produce.

Both have grown quickly: the number of

farmers markets in the United States exploded

from 1,755 in 1994 to more than 8,000 in 2014,

while the number of community-supported

agriculture organizations increased from 400 in

2001 to more than 1,400 in 2005, according to

the United States Department of Agriculture

Marketing Service . 149

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Local Food Movement

151

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Localvore Food Movement

“Eat Your ZipCode”

The Marylebone’s

Farmer’s Market in the UK

152

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“Our Table Cooperative”

Oregon Super-Cooperative Takes Aim

at the Corporate Food System

This co-op south of Portland wants to

strengthen the local food system by

helping local farmers cooperate instead

of compete with one another.

In Our Table’s cooperative, people in

different parts of the food world work

together, negotiate with each other, and

share decision-making—all with the

intention of creating a fairer and

healthier system. 153 http://www.yesmagazine.org/new-economy/local-food-with-big-twist-our-table-sherwood CSA: Community-Supported-Agriculture

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Fighting Food Poverty With

“Social Eating” in Nottingham There’s 400,000 tonnes of surplus

supermarket food in the UK each year.

FareShare is an organization that

relieves supermarkets of surplus

food (food that’s in date and good to

eat, but won’t be sold due to reasons

like over-ordering or incorrect labelling)

and redistributes it to charities and

community projects

Marsha Smith’s SuperKitchen is a

“social eating service” that offers a

home-cooked meal made from surplus

and locally grown ingredients, to be

eaten “like a family” for just £2-3 per

head.

In 8 months since April 2014,

Super Kitchens across

Nottinghamshire have dished

out 18,500 meals and have

saved over six tonnes of

perfectly edible food from

landfill. 154 http://www.100resilientcities.org/blog/entry/fighting-food-poverty-with-social-eating#/-_/

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Training for Sustainable

Cooking

The aim of the project is to

develop an eLearning training

curriculum offering

qualifications in sustainability

for professional cooks and

managers in the catering and

gastronomy sectors. The on-

line course “SusCooks” will be

developed in English

155 http://www.suscooks.eu/project-description

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Upcycling Food

Upcycling:

creatively adding

value to waste so

that as a whole

(and without being

broken down) it can

be converted into

another product.

156 http://www.lexiconofsustainability.com/farming-and-sustainability

Back to the Roots Warehouse, Oakland, CA

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‘Upcycling’ Food in Austria

Austria’s First

Sustainable CATERING

Company

Enter iss mich! (‘eat

me!’), the brainchild of

waste-diving TV chef

Tobias Judmaier.

Tobias is the chef on

wastecooking, an online

cooking show that prepares

meals from food rescued from

the bin, and he launched a free

supermarket in Vienna to

show how much perfectly good

food is wasted because it

doesn’t meet the aesthetic

standards and expectations of

supermarkets and consumers. 159

www.issmich.at

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Ethical Eating

“Ethical Eating: A

Complete Guide to

Sustainable

Food”, Edited by Guy

Caswell, Malcolm

Coxall, Cornelio

Books, Feb 20, 2014

161

www.ethicalfoods.com

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SUSTAINABLE MODELS IN

FOOD WASTE MANAGEMENT

.

164

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UN-FAO: Food Waste Footprint

UN report: one-third of

world’s food wasted annually,

at great economic,

environmental cost

Food waste harms climate,

water, land and biodiversity.

“We simply cannot allow one-

third of all the food we produce

to go to waste or be lost

because of inappropriate

practices, when 870 million

people go hungry every day.”

- Director-General of the Food

and Agriculture Organization

(FAO) José Graziano da Silva.

165 http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3347e/i3347e.pdf

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EU Food Waste Management

Preventing food wastage in

the food and drink sector

Europe’s food and drink

manufacturers take action to

prevent food wastage

www.fooddrinkeurope.eu

166

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Minimizing Food Waste

“The 256 food banks in 22

countries which form the

European Food Bank

Federation (FEBA) collect

daily large surplus food from

various sources including

multinational food companies

and food retailers and

redistribute it to 32,000 partner

organisations which support

deprived people.

…We welcome the opportunity to

cooperate with more

FoodDrinkEurope members in

future in favour of the most

vulnerable people across Europe”.

Isabel Jonet, President of FEBA

169 http://www.fooddrinkeurope.eu/uploads/publications_documents/Preventing_food_wastage_in_the_food_and_drink_sector.pdf

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Sustainability

in the Food Industry World's First

Supermarket

Completely Powered

by Food Waste Rises

in the UK

by Colin Payne, 07/27/14

inhabitat.com *

A Saintbury’s store in

West Midlands, U.K.

became the first in the

country to be totally

powered by leftovers.

The Saintbury’s store is set to leave

the UK national power grid in favor of

food power created through the

anaerobic digestion of food scraps –

via a partnership with waste recycling

company Biffa.

172

* Inhabitant.com (July, 27, 2014): World's First Supermarket Completely Powered by Food Waste

Rises in the UK | Inhabitat - Sustainable Design Innovation, Eco Architecture, Green Building

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Banning food waste: companies in

Massachusetts get ready to compost

Massachusetts

recently enacted the

most aggressive

mandatory

composting

program in history, to

affect supermarkets,

colleges, nursing

homes, and prisons. (September 9, 2014)

In the United States, 40%

of food goes to waste. Photograph: Murdo MacLeod

173 http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2014/sep/09/food-waste-ban-massachusetts-compost-landfill-food-banks

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Conclusion

Feeding the world’s increasing population is a

challenging task

New technologies enable sustainable solutions in

Agricultural Systems

Small-scale Family farming and Urban Farming

have emerged as viable complementary systems

to Industrial Agriculture

Several worldwide initiatives help close the loop in

the Food Industry

174

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Sustainable Waste Management @

DEREE, May 18-22, 2015

175

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Thank you!

Gregory S. Yovanof, Ph.D. Blue-Dot Business Partners Inc.

e-mail: gregory.yovanof@gmail.com Twitter, Skype ID: yovanof

Wrap-up & Dialogue