youtube/watch?v=BYcTN8H7ysw
description
Transcript of youtube/watch?v=BYcTN8H7ysw
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BYcTN8H7ysw
Good Planets are hard to find
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Classifying Objects in the Solar System
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Link to directions:http://www.astrosociety.org/education/publications/tnl/70/pluto.html#10Link to images:http://www.astrosociety.org/education/publications/tnl/70/solarsystemcards.pdf
ACTIVITY 1: SORTING
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
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SURVEYDo you think Pluto should be a planet?
YES NO
Image: Hubble Space Telescope
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Read this article
Hubble Observations of Ceres and Pluto• http://www.astrosociety.org/education/public
ations/tnl/70/pluto.html
There is a handout that goes with this article titled: Hubble Observations of Ceres and Pluto. You can find it in the folder titled Classifying Objects in the Solar System
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The Original Definition of a Planet
Planet is derived from the
Greek word αστήρ πλανήτης(Wandering Star)
This was anything that wandered in the sky differently that the
fixed stars
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How many planets are there?Geocentric Model (Early Greek)
Total Number of Planets = 7
Heliocentric Model (1550)Total number of Planets = 6
Due to Reclassification of Earth, Moon and Sun
This was all that could be seen by the unaided eye.
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Then Uranus was discovered (1781)Total Number of Planets = 7
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Then Astraea was discovered (1845)
Number of planets = 12
At this point the definition for planet is
still “Wandering Star”.
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Moon diameter compared to the first 10 asteroids
to be discovered
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Next came Neptune (1846)
Total number of planets = 13
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Reclassification of 1851
• 1851 – 15 asteroids • A minor planet is an astronomical object in direct orbit
around the Sun that is neither a dominant planet nor originally classified as a comet.
• Minor planets can be dwarf planets, asteroids, trojans, centaurs, Kuiper belt objects, and other trans-Neptunian objects.[1]
• The first minor planet discovered was Ceres in 1801 (although from the time of its discovery until 1851 it was considered to be a true planet).
• The orbits of more than 570,000 objects have been archived at the Minor Planet Center.[2]
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How are the planets spaced out?
Use your Pocket Solar System to roughly describe how
the planets in our solar system are spaced out?
Does the spacing seem to follow a pattern?
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Just worth a note: Titus-Bode Law
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What is a Planet???
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Video (4:45 minutes)http://www.universetoday.com/13573/why-pluto-is-no-longer-a-planet/
Why Pluto is No Longer a Planet?
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International Astronomical Union (IAU)
• Planets
• Dwarf Planets
• Small Solar System Bodies
RESOLUTION B5
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Ceres and Pluto: Dwarf Planets as a New Way of Thinking
about an Old Solar SystemActivity Link:
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DefinitionA planet is a celestial body that
1. Is in orbit around the Sun (or other star if speaking about exoplanets)
2. Has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium
shape (round)3. Has cleared the
neighborhood around its orbit.
4. Is NOT a satellite
Examples
Planets ~ There are 8
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DefinitionA dwarf planet is a celestial body that1. Is in orbit around the Sun2. Has sufficient mass for its self-
gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium shape
3. Has NOT cleared the neighborhood around its orbit
4. Is NOT a satellite
Examples: Ceres, Pluto, Eris
Dwarf Planets
Click the image to go to Mike Brown’s Dwarf planet page
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Notable Dwarfs
Eris by Hubble Eris Orbit
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Eris Orbit Eccentricity and Inclination
Eris Discovery (3 frames over 3 hours)
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Notable Dwarfs
Haumea Sedna
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DefinitionAn asteroid is a celestial body that:
1. Orbits the Sun inside the orbit of Jupiter
2. DOES NOT have sufficient mass for its self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium shape (IT IS NOT ROUND)
3. HAS NOT cleared the neighborhood around its orbit
4. IS NOT a satellite
Examples
Asteroids
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Comparison of Astroids
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Mars and asteroids: size comparisons
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TNO’s are
any objects in the Solar System that orbits the Sun at
a greater average distance than Neptune.
Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNO’s)
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A Plutoid (or ice dwarf) is 1. trans-Neptunian object 2. dwarf planet: that is, a
body orbiting beyond Neptune that is large enough to be rounded in shape.
Plutoids
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Comets
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Stardust
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Click on the Image to link to the Deep Impact mission page
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Definition • All other objects, except
satellites, orbiting the Sun
Examples• Most asteroids• Most Trans-Neptunian
Objects (TNO’s)• Comets• Other small bodies
Small Solar System Bodies
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Pluto’s changing landscape• http
://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2010/06/video/a/
Pluto is:1. Dwarf Planet2. Kuiper Belt Object3. Trans-Neptunian Object4. Plutoid
Link here to PlutoToday.com http://www.plutotoday.com/
So What is Pluto?
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Pluto’s fifth moon!
Click on the image to view a short video of the motion of the moons.
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Click on the image to visit the NEW HORIZONS mission webpage
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Originally You thought a Planet must have…
Atmospheres
Magnetic Fields
Moons
CoreLocation
OrbitsSize or Shape
GRAVITY
SURFACELAYERS WATER
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Use the Internet to Research
Earth Ceres Vesta Pluto
1. www.nineplanets.org2. http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/
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One Comparison
Earth has a relatively high density compared to the other three objects
The Earth is a planet and the other three are not, maybe density should be considered when classifying
planets/non planets.Question:
How does density affect the other characteristics of a planet?
Earth Ceres Vesta PlutoDensity (g/ 5.5 2.0 2.4 2.0
𝑫𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚=𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒔
𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆
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Should Pluto be a Planet???
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Conclusions
The International Astronomical Union has chosen one characteristic (the extent to which a body has
cleared its orbital neighborhood of other bodies) as the distinguishing characteristic of a planet versus a
dwarf planet, there are many other characteristics to consider.
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Conclusions
Many planetary scientists would rather see a definition that focused more on characteristics of the body itself rather than where it is or what is near it.
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The more that we learn about our solar system, the more our classification schemes are challenged to include
new discoveries.
New Horizons
IBEXNEAR
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Neil Degrasse Tyson on Pluto
New York Public Radio (5:10 minutes)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Rwe54vtvUA
PBS Movie (The Pluto Files 52:52 minutes)http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/space/pluto-files.html
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Allen Stern’s thoughts on Pluto (Planetary Scientist)
Nova Podcast (6:30 minutes)• http://
www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/space/defense-pluto.html
Conclusion for Pluto – NOT A PLANET, NOT EVEN THE LARGEST OF THE DWARF PLANETS, BUT SITS A CLOSE SECOND!
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Mike Brown – CalTech Astrophysicist
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C9pXpXAl8m8&feature=related
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Facts and QuizzesInteresting Facts about our Dwarf Planetshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=Ho5FEyftFss&NR=1
Quiz on Plutohttp://www.space.com/16537-pluto-quiz-dwarf-planet-moons.html
Dwarf Planet Quiz1. http://www.astronomyquiz.info/dwarf-planets-quiz.html2. http://www.funtrivia.com/playquiz/quiz3249712533f30.html
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QUIZ IMAGE 1
INFORMATION
a ) P l a n e t b ) D wa r f P l a n e t c ) S m a l l S o l a r Sy s te m B o d y
This object has not cleared out its neighborhood orbit.
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Image 2
INFORMATION
This object is in an orbit around the Sun between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
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Image 3
INFORMATIONThis object is in an orbit
around the Sun between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
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Image 4
INFORMATION
This object orbits the Sun past Neptune’s average distance
from the Sun
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Image 5
NFORMATION
This object contains more than 90% of the total mass in its
path around the sun
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Image 6
INFORMATION
This object is in an orbit around the Sun between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
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Image 7
INFORMATION
This object would be rounded but its extreme rotation causes
it to bulge.
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Image 8
INFORMATION
This object’s orbit is highly eccentric.
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Image 9
INFORMATION
This object orbits the Sun at an average distance of .3 AU
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Image 10
INFORMATION
This object is the most distant of 8 objects in its classification.