Youth gambling online: myths, realities and new understandings
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Dr Jeffrey Derevensky
International Centre for Youth Gambling Problems and High-Risk Behaviours, Canada
Youth gambling online: myths, realities and new understandings
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Youth online gambling: Myths, realities and new understandings
Jeffrey L. Derevensky, Ph.D.
Professor, School/Applied Child PsychologyProfessor, Psychiatry
International Centre for Youth Gambling Problems and High-Risk Behaviors
McGill Universitywww.youthgambling.com
Victorian Government Responsible Gambling Awareness Week
Melbourne, May 23, 2011
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Problem Severity Continuum
No gambling
At-Risk
gambling
Social g
ambling
Problem gamblin
g
Pathologica
l gamblin
g
Compulsive gamblin
g
Disord
ered
gambling
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The new face of Internet gambling
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Joe Cada, age 21, Community College dropout, winner World Series of Poker, 2009, $8.55 million
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Jonathan Duhamel, age 23, University dropout, winner World Series of Poker, 2010, $8.944 million
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Wagering via the Internet
• Poker/card games
• Casino games
• Sports wagering
• Reality shows
• Celebrity adoptions, arrests, etc.
• Any form of contest/Political race
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online scratch tickets
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Adolescent Internet use…
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What we know about the Internet
• Access is widespread
• Access is inexpensive
• Internet is anonymous
• Internet is convenient
• Internet is entertaining
• Internet is used for many purposes
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Prevalence Findings of Internet Wagering
• Vary considerably
• Dependent upon methodology used & date of study
• Dependent upon population studied
• Difficulties collecting data
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Is Internet gambling problematic for youth and can we teach/encourage
responsible gambling?
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Some clinical evidence
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Two Internet gambling studies
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www.pokerstars.net
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Frequency of Play on Internet Gambling Sites Without Moneyin the Past 12 Months by Gambling Severity
N = 2205
Internet Gambling Without Money1
Yes(n = 1082)
No(n = 1123)
Gambling Groups***
Non Gambler n = 726 33.9 66.1
Social Gambler n = 1278 56.6 43.4
At-Risk Gambler n = 129 74.4 25.6
Probable Pathological Gambler
n = 72 80.6 19.4
Total 49.1 50.9
1Percentage. ***p<.001.
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Frequency of Play on Internet Gambling Sites With Moneyin the Past 12 Months by Gambling Severity
N = 2292
Internet Gambling With Money1
Yes(n = 183)
No(n = 2109)
Gambling Groups***
Non Gambler n = 745 0 100
Social Gambler n = 1333 9.5 90.5
At-Risk Gambler n = 139 21.6 78.4
Probable Pathological Gambler
n = 75 34.7 65.3
Total 8.0* 92.0
1Percentage *13.1% males; 4.6% females are gambling on Internet
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Types of Internet Gambling Activities by Gambling Group
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Roulette Blackjack SportsBetting
Slotmachines
Cards Maj Jong StockMarket
Games
Fre
qu
ency
%
Social Gambler
At-Risk Gambler
Probable Pathological
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Follow-up study
• Montreal high-school students: N = 1113
• Canadian and U.S. college and university students: N = 1273
• On-line gaming newsletter link: N = 546
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Use of “Demo/Practice” Sites
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Fre
qu
en
cy %
Male Female
High School
College/University
Internet Sample
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Gambling for Money on Internet
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Fre
qu
en
cy
%
Male Female
High School
College/University
Internet Sample
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Gambling for Money on Internet Frequency
010
2030
40
5060
70
8090
100
Fre
qu
en
cy
%
never less thanonce amonth
monthly weekly
High School
College/University
Internet Sample
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Internet gambling by gambling severity
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Fre
qu
en
cy
%
Non-gambler Social gambler Problem gambler
High School
College/University
Internet Sample
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Reasons Youth Gamble on Internet
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Gamediversity
High speedplay
Bonuses Competition Convenience Privacy Anonymity Don't need toleave house
Good odds Fair/reliablepayouts
24-houraccessibility
Internet sample 18-24
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A new study (Meerkamper, 2010)
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National Annenberg Survey of Youth (Romer, 2010)
N=835 (2008) N=596 (2010)
At least once per month
• Internet gambling among males 14-17 rose from 2.7% (2008) to 6.2% (2010)
• Internet gambling among males 18-22 rose from 4.4% (2008) to 16.0% (2010)
• Internet gambling among females 14-17 rose from 0.5% (2008) to 1.5% (2010)
• Internet gambling among males 18-22 rose from 0.0% (2008) to 4.4% (2010)
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Responsible advertising???
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Celebrity endorsements….
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Parental behaviors….
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40%
60%
64%
64%
66%
66%
73%
75%
81%
81%
82%
87%
Gambling (13)
Depression (12)
Excessive video game playing (10)
Negative body image (10)
Spending too much time online (8)
Obesity, eating disorders (8)
Smoking (7)
Violence in schools, bullying (6)
Unsafe sexual activities (3)
Drinking and driving (3)
Alcohol use (2)
Drug use (1)
Parental perceptions: Serious Youth Issues
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Does the Internet contribute to problem gambling among youth?
• There is good news and bad news• The good news:
– Fewer youth than adults gamble on the Internet• The bad news:
– More youth are playing on “demo/practice” sites than sites for real money
– The reasons they give are “for practice”– 1/3 of the youth who are gambling for money are problem
gamblers• Does “practice make perfect”?
– Is it just a matter of time before the “practice” players switch to gambling for real money?
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In retail there are three important principles:
Location, Location, Location
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Responsible gambling for youth: the three important principles are:
education, education, education