Your precocious 11 year old niece is visiting you for the weekend. When she gets up on Saturday...
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Transcript of Your precocious 11 year old niece is visiting you for the weekend. When she gets up on Saturday...
Your precocious 11 year old niece is visiting you for the weekend. When she gets up on Saturday morning and sits at the breakfast table you give her a glass of milk.She says she would rather have coffee.What do you do?
There is a history of severe osteoporosis in the family.
Fact: Milk is rich in vitamin D and calcium.
Supposition: Drinking milk will reduce osteoporosis and consequently fracture incidence.
Michaëlsson K, Wolk A, Langenskiöld S, Basu S, Warensjö Lemming E, Melhus H, Byberg L. Milk intake and risk of mortality and fractures in women and men: cohort studies. BMJ. 2014 Oct 28;349
Rather than showing a decrease in fractures, this study observed an increased risk of fracture and an increased risk of mortality in woman who drank 3 or more glasses of milk a day as compared to those who drank less than 1.
Crippa A, Discacciati A, Larsson SC, Wolk A, Orsini N. Coffee consumption and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol. 2014 Oct 15;180(8):763-75
3 or 4 cups of coffee a day was associated with reduced all-cause mortality and reduced cardiovascular disease.
To make decisions based on the evidence provided…
• Understand the strengths and weaknesses of cohort studies
• Understand a bit about measures of association• Have a grasp of the levels of evidence of the studies
used in the meta-analysis• Understand the populations studied and their application
to this particular situation
Evidence is never enough!
Research evidence…
• Will challenge our assumptions• Is relevant in day to day situations• Can alter our view of the world
This was taken from the blog “Research – It’s Not Just for Scientists Anymore.”
Contributors include:• Dana Lawrence• Robert Vining• John Stites• Robert Cooperstein• Christine Goertz