YOUR LOGO HERE UNIT 2 RENAISSANCE/ EXPLORATION/ REFORMATION Reformation.

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UNIT 2RENAISSANCE/EXPLORATION/REFORMATION

Reformation

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CausesChurch abuses

–Avignon Papacy–Struggles between the pope and councils

–Clergy's worldliness and lack of education

–Simony–Nepotism–Pluralism

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CausesPower and wealth of RCC

– People/Governments hated Church’s wealth

– Local governments did not like clergy’s immunities

People concerned about salvation– Traveling preachers became

popular

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Christian humanism, especially in northern:–University towns–Courts

Printing press helped spread new ideas

Causes

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Church BlindsidedChurch put down problems in

14th century–John Wycliffe in England–John Huss in Bohemia

16th century movements too powerful

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Growth of ProtestantismReligious

–Spiritual satisfaction–Correct Church abuses

Political and economic –Leaders took control of religious institutions

–Acquired Church's wealth

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Ferdinand and Isabella Marriage unified Spain (1469) Religious unity

– Conquered Moors (1492)– Promoted Catholicism

Built a colonial empire Arranged political marriages for

their 3 daughters – One, Catherine of Aragon, to Henry

VIII of England

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Charles VGrandson of F & IBecame HR Emperor (1520)Fought:

–French–Moslem Turks–Protestant

Germans

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Lutheranism

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Martin Luther Educated son of German miner From childhood concerned over

his soul He attempted monastic

life No answers in physical

absolution

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Luther’s Answer

Found answer in Romans– "the just shall live by faith"– Taught at Un. of Wittenberg– Didn't see his ideas as threat to

Catholic doctrine

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95 Theses-1517 John Tetzel sold

indulgences (payment for sins)– Originally for penance– Became money-maker

Luther posted 95 theses- Proposed public debate

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Luther and the princes

Urged German princes to:–Seize Church’s property –Make themselves heads of Christian Church in Germany

Pope excommunicated him–He burned papal bull

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Luther and Charles V Charles V called Luther before Diet

of Worms – Refused to recant– Was outlawed

Elector Frederick the Wise of Saxony protected him– Schmalkaldic League defended

Lutheranism

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German Religious TurmoilAnabaptists taught radical

doctrines in Luther's name–Luther repudiated them

Erasmus –First saw Luther as kindred spirit

–Found him conservative»Uncompromising as RCC

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German Social TurmoilPeasants revolted in Luther’s name

– Felt he hated all oppressive authorityLuther again was conservative

– Rejected their attack on authority– Urged princes to stop revolt

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RamificationsHRE divided as princes foughtCharles V too busy with French

and Turks1555—Peace of Augsburg

– Schmalkaldic War treaty – 300+ German princes could choose

Catholicism or Lutheranism

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Luther’s Teachings Bible—sole source of doctrine

– All should be able to read it Priesthood of the believer Simplify ritual of worship 2 sacraments

–Baptism–Communion

Rejected transubstantiation

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Calvinism

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John CalvinBorn in FranceTrained in theology and lawConverted to Protestant

Christianity–Read Luther's writings–Personal religious experience

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Calvin in Switzerland

Angered French Catholics, so fled to Switzerland

Wrote The Institutes of the Christian Religion–Made Calvin famous

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Made Geneva a city of God on earth

He became politically powerful–Placed town council under religious authority

–Set up strict system of blue laws

Calvin in Switzerland (cont’d.)

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Calvin’s Teachings

Predestination is logicalRitual was simpler than Luther’s

2 sacraments–Baptism –Communion

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Calvinism’s AppealVigorous evangelismSystematic theologyWell-organizedDignified hard work

–“Elect” to Heaven–Protestant Work Ethic

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Calvinism’s InfluencePresbyterianPuritansHuguenotsCongregationalistsBaptists

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Anglicanism

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FoundationsLollardy

–1400-1500s–Religious & social dissent

William Tyndale –Printed English translation of Bible

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Henry VIII The King’s Great Matter

Catherine of Aragon bore no sonHenry wanted a divorcePope would not grant it

– Her nephew, Emperor Charles VNew archbishop, Cranmer,

arranged an annulmentPope excommunicated Henry

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Act of Supremacy—1534

Parliament passed it– King led Church in England

Parliament passed 6 Articles – Reaffirmed Catholic doctrine (except

supremacy of Pope)

Henry VIII and

Cranmer

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Henry’s ChildrenEdward VI

–Anglican Church became Protestant

–Calvinist slantMary

–Devout Roman Catholic–Not popular with British people

»Married Philip II of Spain»Burned 300 Protestants at the stake

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Elizabeth I– Church of England definitely

became Protestant– 2 groups opposed Anglican

Church»Puritans»Roman Catholic minority

Henry’s Children (cont’d.)

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Anabaptism

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BackgroundSome disagreement about its

beginnings– Generally believed to have begun

in Switzerland, Germany and the Netherlands

Believed that Luther, Calvin and others had not gone far enough

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Beliefs True Christian born

again and baptized as adult

Priesthood of all believers

Bible—sole source of doctrine

Pacifism

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Beliefs (cont’d.) Refused to:

– Recognize titles– Take oaths of allegiance– Recognize or participate in civil

government– Serve in armed forces

Strongly disagreed with:– Calvinism’s predestination– Luther’s salvation by faith alone

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Sects

AmishMennonites

–Menno Simons

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Counter Reformation

Look carefully!!

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2 Schools of ThoughtCompromiseReform

–Reform corrupt practices –No change in dogma

Reformer became Pope –Called the Council at Trent

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Council of Trent (1545-1563)

Dogmatic–Reaffirmed traditional doctrines

Reformatory–Ended corrupt practices–Banned heretical

literature

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The Society of JesusFounded by Ignatius Loyola

–Soldier –Not a scholar or theologian

Required absolute obedience Jesuits served as teachers and

diplomats

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YOUR LOGO HERE UNIT 2 RENAISSANCE/ EXPLORATION/ REFORMATION Reformation.

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