Your endocrine system sends and receives chemical messages that control many body functions.
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Transcript of Your endocrine system sends and receives chemical messages that control many body functions.
Your endocrine system sends and receives chemical messages that control many body functions.
endocrine glands
hormones
thyroid gland
parathyroid glands
pancreas
pituitary glands
adrenal glands
How the Endocrine System Works
The endocrine system includes various organs that work together to regulate body functions.
The endocrine system sends and receives hormones.
How the Endocrine System Works
There are several different endocrine glands.
Endocrine glandsDuctless or tubeless organs or groups of cells that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream
How the Endocrine System Works
Endocrine glands secret hormones into the blood to influence physical and mental responses.
HormonesChemical substances that help regulate many of your body’s functions
How the Endocrine System Works
Major Glands of the Endocrine System
Thyroid Gland
Parathyroid Glands
Testes
Ovaries
Hypothalamus
Pineal Gland
Pituitary Gland
Thymus
Adrenal Glands
Pancreas
How the Endocrine System Works
The thyroid gland produces thyroxine, which regulates the way cells release energy from nutrients.
Thyroid glandProduces hormones that regulate metabolism, body heat, and bone growth
How the Endocrine System Works
The parathyroid glands are located in the neck near the thyroid gland.
Parathyroid glandsProduce a hormone that regulates the body’s balance of calcium and phosphorus
How the Endocrine System Works
Testes
Ovaries
Hypothalamus
Pineal Gland
Thymus
Adrenal Glands
Male reproductive glands that produce sperm for fertilization
Female reproductive glands that produce the egg cells
Links the endocrine system and the nervous system and stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete hormones
Secretes the hormone melatonin, which is thought to affect the onset of puberty, and regulates sleep cycles
Regulates development of the immune system
Regulate the body’s salt and water balance and control the body’s emergency response
How the Endocrine System Works
The pancreas is an endocrine gland that secretes two hormones—glucagon and insulin—that regulate the level of glucose in the blood.
PancreasA gland that serves both the digestive and the endocrine systems
The Pituitary: The Master Gland
Known as the master gland, the pituitary gland has three sections, or lobes: anterior, intermediate, and posterior.
Pituitary glandRegulates and controls the activities of all other endocrine glands
The Pituitary: The Master Gland
Hormones produced by the pituitary gland play a significant role in determining height.
Anterior Lobe
Somatotropic, or Growth Hormone
Stimulates normal body growth and development
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone
Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce hormones
Stimulates production of hormones in the adrenal glands
Stimulates production of all other sex hormones
The anterior, or front, lobe of the pituitary gland produces these hormones:
Intermediate Lobe
The intermediate, or middle, lobe of the pituitary secretes melanocyte-stimulating hormone, which controls the darkening of the pigments in the skin.
Intermediate Lobe
The posterior, or rear, lobe of the pituitary secretes antidiuretic hormone that
regulates the balance of water in the body, and
produces oxytocin, which stimulates the smooth muscles in the uterus during pregnancy, causing contractions during the birth of a baby.
The Adrenal Glands
The adrenal glands each have two parts: the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla.
Adrenal glandsHelp the body deal with stress and respond to emergencies
The Adrenal Glands
The adrenal cortex secretes hormones that
inhibit the amount of sodium excreted in urine and maintain blood volume and blood pressure
aid in the metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates
influence the body’s response to stress
play a role in both the immune response and sexual function
The Adrenal Glands
The adrenal medulla secretes the hormones epinephrine (also called adrenaline) and norepinephrine.
Epinephrine increases heartbeat and respiration, raises blood pressure, and suppresses the digestive process during periods of high emotion.
Maintaining Your Endocrine Health
To keep your endocrine system working at its peak, you need to follow sound health practices.
Your endocrine health is directly related to your overall health.
Maintaining Your Endocrine Health
Get 8 ½ to 9 hours of sleep every night.
Use stress-management techniques.
Eat balanced meals to ensure that you get the nutrients you need.
Tips for Maintaining Your Endocrine Health
Engage in regular physical activity.
Have regular medical checkups.
Maintaining Your Endocrine Health
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidisim
Diabetes mellitus
These Endocrine Disorders May Require Medication
Goiter
Overproduction of adrenal hormones
After You ReadReviewing Facts and Vocabulary
Chemical substances produced in glands that help regulate many body functions
1. What are hormones?
After You ReadReviewing Facts and Vocabulary
2. Name the hormone that stimulates normal growth and development.
Somatotropic hormone
After You ReadReviewing Facts and Vocabulary
3. What gland helps regulate the chemicals that control sleep?
Pineal gland