Yojana September
Transcript of Yojana September
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YOJANA September 2010 1
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Septemer 2010 Vol 54
Chief Editor : Neeta Prasad
Editor : Manogyan R. Pal
Joint Director (Prod) : J.K. Chandra
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Let noble thoughts come to us from every side
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C O N T E N T S
YOJANA September 2010 1
BEIJING : A WATERSHED FOR INDIAN SPORTS ...................... 5
Boria Mazumdar
MOMENT OF RECKONING FOR INDIAN SPORTS ...................8
Harpal Singh Bedi
EDUCATING THE SPORTS LEADERS OF TOMORROW ........12
Aditya Kumar
BEST PRACTICES BUILDING KNOWLEDGE
SOCIETIES AT THE GRASSROOTS .................................. .........16
Shailendra Sinha
THE CHANGING FACE OF SPORTS IN INDIA ........................ .18
Jaideep Ghosh
A PROMISING FUTURE FOR INDIAN SPORTS ...................... .21
V Krishnaswamy
WHAT AILS INDIAN SPORTS .................... ........................ .........24
Kaushalya Bajpayee
J&K WINDOW............................................................................27
NEED FOR SPORTS LAW IN INDIA ........................ ...................28
Francis Kuriakose, Deepa Kylasam Iyer
ACCESS TO EDUCATION: EMERGING
OPPORTUNITIES FOR MINORITIES ......................................... 31
Ashish Joshi, Pardeep Kumar
CARBON FOOTPRINT AND THE INDIAN INDUSTRIES .......35
Debrupa Chakraborty
URBAN COOPERATIVE BANKS:
A CASE STUDY OF KARNATAKA ...................... ....................... 41
Amrita Saha
NORTH EAST DIARY................................................................45
SHODH YATRA Auto Stopper for LPG Gas Stove ...................46
DO YOu KNOW?........................................................................51
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I
t is all too easy to dismiss the series of scams and allegations that have surfaced
around sports events as inevitable. It is not that simple an equation. For a society
where the overwhelming majority was under fed and toiled hard, sports was a rare
and often utopian option. As the picture of the Indian society has started to change for
the better in the past two decades, that utopian look about sports has begun to be shed
for an absorbing reality.
More swathes of middle India are now able to enjoy sports and recreation. Weekends
have become longer and a young population is demanding ways to ll up those weekends
with options beyond roaming the markets or malls. The huge spurt in attendance at
international sports events are an indication of this shift. Of late participation in events
like marathons have leaped among all age groups. The interest level even for televised
events like the world cup soccer and the English Premier League has risen fantastically. This was inevitable as
income avenues rose for a large segment of the urban population. Since India now has an almost 400 million
strong urban population, that is a huge presence to cater to. The Indian Premier League in cricket cashed in onthis interest and is raring to go again. Meanwhile cities, especially, are discovering sports icons beyond just
cricket. The popularity of Chak De India and other sports based lms shows the Indian lm industry has also
woken up to the opportunity.
In the middle of the rising interest and demand, the supply of such events has however stagnated. Beyond
cricket and tennis, no Indian city offers any meaningful sports event to whet public appetite. This has happened
as the running of the events is still dominated by sports bodies that run on the belief that sportspersons can
survive for any number of years as amateurs. This has killed off interest among the youth to take up any sport
as a career, even as these bodies are the preserve of a politico-bureaucrat nexus that is quite comfortable with
the low level of achievement in which Indian sports has wallowed. There is no professional management and
no accountability for a bad performance. So when big money has begun to ow into some of these disciplines,
the organisers are clueless about how to utilise the sums.
The present scams, unearthed by various agencies are a reection of this dichotomy between demand and
supply. For instance, in the case of the commonwealth games the last minute rush is a result of inertia as
the sports administrators had no idea how long and deep they have to plan for the event, when they bid for
it. Tenders are bound to go askew and checks on the buildings constructed can take a back seat as the time
table for the games draw near very fast. So the right answer to these questions is not to withdraw into a shell
but to plan bigger and better for events in the future. There is no denying that sports as a major attraction is
gaining ground. This issue of Yojana looks at some of these emerging trends and paints a picture of the way
forward. q
YOJANA September 2010 3
Abot the Isse
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The medal
winners seemed to
satisfy a national
yearning and in
the process made a
statement about the
signicance ofsport in an era
of escalating
political turmoil
Beijing : A Watershed for Indian Sports
SPORTS
HEN SIR Dorabji
Tata organized the
rst modern meet of
Indian athletes with
an eye on the 1920
Antwerp Olympic Games, he found
that despite running barefoot their
performance compared well
with the times done in Europe or
elsewhere. Suitably impressed,
Tata personally nanced three of
the best runners for Antwerp, a
move that in his own words red
the ambition of the nationalist
element in the city. Eighty nine
years after that wind-swept day in
Pune, when Tata rst dreamt of an
individual Olympic gold for India,
shooting prodigy Abhinav Bindra
nally found the Holy Grail at the2008 Beijing Games. As the Indian
tricolor was hoisted in Beijing, the
poise and pride on the bespectacled
shooters visage spoke to a billion
Indians, becoming a leit motif of
gung-ho chest thumping in media
The author is a senior sports journalist, Senior Research Fellow, University of Central Lancashire and Adjunct Professor,
University of South Australia
commentaries and nationalist
i conography . In a coun t ry
undergoing a media revolution
like no other India now has more
than fty 24-hour satellite TV news
networks alone - the Beijing victory
created an unprecedented national
frenzy. In a country of a billion,
and a competitive media industry
looking for new heroes and new
stories, the lone gold medal was
justication enough to spark off
celebrations worthy of topping the
medals tally.
For Indian sport, Beijing was
looked upon as a watershed. It
was much more than a sporting
spectacle not just because Indias
performance at Beijing was itsbest ever at the Games but also
because it heralded the promise of
a new beginning for Indian sports.
Bindra was not an aberration.
His performance was followed
by near-podium finishes in
Boria Mazumdar
ANALYSIS
W
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badminton, tennis and archery.
Just when it was turning out to be
a tale of so near yet so far, Vijender
Kumar (bronze in boxing, 75 kg)
and Sushil Kumar (bronze in
wrestling, 66 kg freestyle) ensured
that the Indian tricolour went uptwice more at Beijing. Their
achievements, analysed for hours
on television, turned them into
national celebrities overnight. If
the media catharsis that followed
was any indication, for the rst
time, Olympic sports, apart from
hockey, was at the centre-stage
of what could be termed as the
national consciousness. It was
an indication that decades of ill
treatment and neglect, which
had reduced Olympic sport
to a footnote in India, could
just change. At a time when
the country was reeling under
the impact of serial blasts in
Gujarat and Karnataka, followed
by the unprecedented carnage
in Mumbai in November 2008,
medal successes at the Olympicsand subsequent international
sports competit ions l ike the
Boxing World Championships
in Moscow in December 2008
and Super Series Badminton
Competitions thanks to Saina
Nehwal helped emphasize the
point that across contexts and
timeframes victories can catapult
sport to the forefront of a nations
imagination. Three major themes
emerged in the discourse that
followed: renewed media focus
on sport as a nationalist playing
eld, the promise of a new Indian
Olympic culture and the fear that
without systemic change in Indian
sporting structures, this would be
yet another false dawn.
F o r t h e f i r s t t i m e i n
Indian sport ing history, the
m e d i a a p p r o p r i a t e d t h e s e
accomplishments in a manner
a s soc i a t ed commonly wi th
cricket. All of a sudden, Bindra
was ooded by sponsorship offers
that had long since been reserved
for over-pampered cricket stars
alone. A poll on Times Now,
Indias most popular English
TV news channel, revealed that
the national religion of cricket
had slid in the popularity charts.
According to the survey, 53 per
cent of sports fans in Chennai
and 44 per cent in Kolkata
were glued to the Olympics. In
contrast, 41 per cent of sports
fans in Chennai and 29 per cent
in Kolkata watched the Indian
cricket team in action against
the Sri Lankans. In Mumbai, an
amazing 64 per cent of the fans
interviewed were unaware of the
ongoing cricket series between
India and Sri Lanka.
The medal haul at Beijing- by
Indian standards - it seemed, had
suddenly woken up the country to
the signicance of the Olympics as
an event that Indians could win at
as well. The medal winners seemed
to satisfy a national yearning and in
the process made a statement about
the signicance of sport in an era
of escalating political turmoil.
International sporting success, the
victories demonstrated, held the
promise of uniting Indians across
the country. With some of Indias
greatest sporting achievements at
the Olympics coming at a time
when the nation was seeking
answers to sudden terror attacks,
their impact was all the more
visible. In the days before the
Olympic Games, most Indians were
grappling with the political crisis
at hand and were hardly concerned
about what the small contingent
of 56 could achieve in Beijing.
So much so that Suresh Kalmadi,
President of the Indian Olympic
Association (IOA), had issued a
statement asking sports fans not to
expect miracles from the athletes.
Set against this backdrop of gloom
and limited expectations, Indias
successes shone even brighter.
The success of the three Beijing
winners was as much a testament
to their own skills as it was a
metaphor for the larger story of
India. They had arguably shattered
the grand narrative of failure that
has characterized Indian sport
just as the emergence of the IT
industry in the 1990s signied the
end of the Hindu rate of growth
that dened the economy since the
1950s. Just as a Narayan Murthy
or an Azim Premji ---founders of
the IT giants Infosys and Wipro
-- created the self-belief for Indian
business to act as a global player
after decades of isolationism and
the license-permit raj, so did the
Beijing victories usher in a new era
of self-condence in sport. As John
MacAloon argues, the Olympics
are a crucible of symbolic force
into which the world pours its
energies and a stage upon which,
every four years, it plays out its
hopes and its terrors. For every
Indian, that terror always came in
the form of a question: A billion
people and no gold medal. Why?
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YOJANA September 2010 7
Beijing provided that answer, and
hence the nationalist frenzy that
ensued.
The annals of Indian sports
w r i t i n g h a v e b e e n f u l l o f
complaints about sporting failuresfor far too long. Analysts have
blamed the system, they have
blamed the politicians who run it,
they have even questioned Indian
genetics. Every four years, it
has become a collective national
ritual to blame everyone else
when found wanting in the global
mirror of the Olympics, only to
move on and repeat the same
catharsis four years later. The
Beijing athletes showed that it is
possible to succeed in spite of the
system. The BJPs late General
Secretary and former Cabinet
minister Pramod Mahajan once
said half-jokingly that the Indian
IT and beauty industries rose
to great heights only because
the government did not realize
their presence until they hadalready made a mark. Abhinav
Bindras success too followed
a similar template, at least with
respect to the national sporting
superstructure. Born with the
luxury of affluence and an indoor
shooting range in his backyard,
he emerged as a child prodigy,
only to taste initial defeat at
Sydney and Athens. He could as
easily have given up, blamed the
system and have been content
with his World Championship
and Commonweal th Games
medals. But he persevered. It was
a victory born out of the pain of
loss and an iron will to succeed.
Here at last was Indias answer
to those that point to the success
of Surinams Anthony Nesty or
that of the Ethiopian runners, for
that matter. It is indeed possible
to succeed without access to
government sponsored sporting
facilities. This is not to argue
against creating efficient systems
-- that would be a terrible folly
-- but in sports there are moments
when all it boils down to is self-
belief.
The question post-Beijing was:
were we to nally witness the birth
of a national sporting culture? Or
would Indians clap their hands in
glee and return to their daily dose of
cricket once the Beijing euphoria
receded? The three medals won
at Beijing could certainly be the
catalyst to help correct years of
frustration at Indias poor sporting
performances. With various
state governments promising
to set up academies to promote
boxing, wrestling, badminton andshooting, India did look poised
on the eve of the Commonwealth
Games to have an Olympic
sporting culture of its own. At the
same time it is important to keep
these promises and remember
amidst the euphoria of victory
that at least fifteen corporate
houses had turned down pleas to
sponsor the Indian shooters beforethe Olympics. While the Beijing
winners and Saina deserved/
deserve the highest accolades
and corporate coffers had/have
justly opened up for them, the
true legacy of their victories
depend on whether money was/is
nally made available to build the
training superstructure for other
athletes.
Come October 2010 and the
Beijing legacy will be put to
its sternest test. If India can
o v e r h a u l i t s m e d a l c o u n tachieved at the 2006 Melbourne
Commonwealth Games, it will
give an unprecedented llip to
Indian Olympic sport two years
before the mega spectacle in
London. A failed Delhi 2010, on
the other hand, organizationally
and with regards to medals won,
will mean that Beijings lasting
legacy will be conned to sports
history books by the time of the
next Olympics.
It is interesting in this context
to remember a telling exchange
between a senior te levision
journalist and Abhinav Bindra
on his return to India following
his gold medal winning exploit in
Beijing. Navika Kumar, Political
Editor of Times Now television hadasked Abhinav: Is this Abhinavs
gold or Indias gold? Abhinav,
epitome of political correctness,
was quick to suggest that it was
Indias without question.
I f t h e r e i s a s y s t e m i c
overhaul, thanks to Abhinav
and hi s col leagues , i t wi l l
certainly be Indias gold for all
times to come. However, if afundamental transformation of
sporting infrastructure in India
is not brought about Abhinavs
gold will always remain his, a
moment of individual brilliance
lost amidst countless failures
since independence. q
(E-mail : [email protected])
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The stakes
are indeed high
this time as the
government has
spent lavishly on
their training and
coaching. They havethe talent to produce
some glittering
performances and
one hopes they do so
Moment of Reckoning for Indian Sports
SPORTS
T IS a moment of
reckoning for India,
because as the host it
has much more at stake
in the 19th edition of
the Commonwealth Games to be
held in New Delhi from October 3
to 14, than sporting powerhouses
like Australia, England,Canada or
New Zealand.
The reason is simple - the
Games preparations have got
into endless controversies and
scandals implicating organisers and
ofcials with which the real stars
of the show, the sportspersons have
nothing to do. The government
has spent an unprecedented
amount of money to stage these
games and good showing by
the sportspersons and successful
conduct of this mega event will
be a positive endorsement and
good advertisement for India in the
comity of nations.
The author is Sports Editor, United News of India
India has taken part in fourteen
of the eighteen editions of the
Games which were rst held in
1930 and countrys total medal
tally in these games so far has been
271, including 102 Gold medals.
Indias best performance was
in the 2002 Manchestar Games
where it bagged an impressive
haul of 69 medals (30 Gold, 22
Silver,17 Bronze) In these Games
India also stunned the highly
fancied England to claim a gold
in the Womens Hockey.
At Melbourne in 2006, India had
50 medals (22Gold ,17Silver,11B).
In both these Games(2002 and
2006) India nished a creditable
Fourth. The reason for India
winning less medals in Melbourne
compared to Manchestar was that
in weightlifting, till 2002, three
sets of medals were awarded in
each weight category, while in
2006, just one set was awarded.
Harpal Singh Bedi
COMMONWEALTH GAMES
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Also Wrestling was not included
in the 2006 Games.
Wrestling makes a comeback
in the Delhi, while Archery and
Tennis have been included in
the Games for the rst time. Thecomparative medal tally in the
2002 and 2006 games is shown in
Table 1.
In weightlifting, till 2002, three
sets of medals were awarded in
each weight category, while in
2006, just one set was awarded.
As a host nation, India will be
taking part in all the 17 disciplines-Aquatics, Archery, Athletics,
Badminton, Boxing, Cycling,
Gymnastics, Hockey(men and
women)Lawn Bowls, Netball,
Rugby sevens, Shooting, Squash,
Table Tennis, Tennis, Weightlifting
and Wrestling-and fans are hoping
that sportspersons will do better
this time to not only to boost the
medal tally but also see countrynish at the top of the leader board.
Australia, has been dominating
the Commonwealth Games and
it will strive hard to maintain its
supremacy. India will also face
tough challenge from England,
Canada and New Zealand.
With the return of Wrestling
and inclusion of Archery and
Tennis, India can hope for moregold medals this time as compared
to what they earned in Melbourne.
The Hosts also expect more golds
with some good showing in
shooting -last time Indians bagged
27 medals in this event(16 gold,
seven silver and three bronze).
With Gagan Narang, Abhinav
Bindra ,Tejswani Sawant, Ronjan
Sodhi, Birendeep Sodhi, R.SRathore and others in good nick the
shooters will manage to improve
on the tally. The golden vignettes
of the last Commonwealth Games
in Melbourne are inspirational
but it remains to be seen how
much better they will do in these
games.
Indian women who surprisedeverybody, including themselves,
by winning a gold in hockey at
Manchester, managed to finish
second in 2006, but this time they
will need a herculean effort to
either regain the Gold or retain the
second place. The Aussies are in
tremendous form and England are
looking for revenge. The Kiwis
are also in the run for podium
nish.
The big draw for the local fans
will be mens hockey and the
Indians will be hoping to make
it to the podium for the rst time
in these game. India had nished
fourth In Kuala Lumpur Games
in 1998 and did not gure in the
2002 edition and were a poor fth
at Melbourne. Australia won thegold in all three editions. Hockey
is going through a tough time and
India fared very poorly in the World
cup held in New Delhi nishing
8th in the 12-nation tournament.
In the Commonwealth Games, the
Indian (men) team is clubbed with
Australia and Pakistan along with
three other teams in their pool and
it is indeed going to be very hardfor the host to rst qualify for the
knock out stage and then hope for
the podium nish.
After Hockey, Wrestling and
Tennis, the most watched sports
in Delhi Games by the home
supporters will be Boxing and
the Indian pugilists this time will
have no excuse but to perform.
Indian boxers buoyed by theirrecent impressive showing may
not feel the heat inside the ring but
having raised the bar, will be under
pressure from the expecting fans
in the Commonwealth and Asian
Games. In twelve editions of the
Commonwealth Games in which
Indian pugilists have taken part,
COMPARISON OF INDIAN MEDALS IN 2002 AND 2006
SPORT 2002 2006
Gold Silver Bronze Gold Silver Bronze
Athletics 0 1 1 0 2 1
Badminton 0 0 1 0 0 2
Boxing 1 1 1 1 2 2
Hockey 1 0 0 0 1 0
Shooting 14 7 3 16 7 4
Table Tennis 0 0 2 2 0 1
Weighlifting 11 9 7 3 5 1
Wrestling 3 2 1 NOT HELD
Judo 0 1 1 NOT HELD
Total 30 21 17 22 17 11
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their performance has left much to
be desired as they have won only
13 medals-2 Gold, 2 Silver and
nine Bronze. Mohd.Ali Qamar
earned the honour of being the rst
Indian boxer to claim the Gold in
Commonwealth Games in 2002 at
Manchester, and this was followed
by Akhil Kumar in Melbourne in
2006. However, without doubt the
dening moment for Indian Boxing
came on August 20, 2008 when
Vijinder clinched the countrys
rst ever Olympic boxing medal
with his historic 9-4 victory over
Carlos Gongora of Ecuador in the
middle weight category. Indian
pugilists enjoyed a lot of success
in 2009 as Vijender once again
hogged the limelight by winning a
bronze in the world championship.
These performances give a strong
indication we are on the right
track, said All India Boxing
Federat ion(AIBF) secretary
P.K.Murlidhar Raja, adding,
If we get a good draw in the
Commonwealth
Games we will denitely have
a lot of medals. There will 40
medals at stake(10 gold,10 silver
and 20 bronze) and I hope will get
a big number of them,Raja said
In the Wrestling competition
a whopping 64 -medals will be at
stake- 21 gold, 21 silver and 42
Bronze. Wrestling is returning to
the Games after a lapse of eight
years. In 2002 at Manchester ,Indian
free style grapplers dominated the
mat. The earlier editions of the
Games included only free style
wrestling, but for the first time
Greeco Roman and Women events
have also been included in the
forthcoming Games, informed the
chief national Coach Jagminder
Singh, winner of gold in the 1982
Games. He also informed that in all
the three events, competitions will
be held in seven weight categories
and India will participate in all
the categories. While the coach
was optimistic of bagging 14 to
15 golds, another senior ofcial
of the Wrestling Federation of
India (WFI) exuded confidence
of winning 18 to 10 Golds out of
21. The Wrestling Federation
of India officials concede that
Sushils bronze medal in Beijing
Olympic has given a huge boost to
the game in the country. The main
challenge for Indian men wrestlers
will come from Canada, England
and Pakistan .
Archery will be held for only
the second time in the history of
these games, the last time being
in 1982 at Brisbane. All eyeswill be on Archery because in
all 24 medals- four gold each in
mens and womens sections and
an equal number of silver and
bronze in both sections- will be
at stake, and India is hoping to
have a major share of medals, with
Australia and Malaysia being its
main rivals. In the Delhi Games,
Archery competition will includeboth recurve and compound
bow sections. The Indian seniors
both in recurve and compound
have won several medals in the
continent. They have claimed
the Asia Cup, Junior Asian event
and Commonwealth event. They
have equalled the world record
in individua l performance .
Tarundeep Rai, Rahul Banerjee,
Jayant Talukdar, Satyadev Prasad,
Mangal Singh Champia, Dola
Banerjee,. Chekrovolu Swuro,
Reena Kumari, Sumangla and
Bhagyabati Chanu among others
will be spearheading Indias
challenge at the Games.
Tennis is making its debut in
the Commonwealth games, but
unlike the other debutant discipline
Archery, it was not the rst choice of
the hosts who wanted Billiards and
Snooker to be part of the sporting
extravaganza. CommonwealthGames Federation(CGF), while
agreeing to include Archery and
re -induct wrestling, voted in favour
of Tennis. There are ve Golds at
stake in this competition- Singles
(Men and Women), Doubles (Men
and Women) and Mixed Doubles.
Each participating team is allowed
to enter maximum of three
Singles players and a maximumof two teams for Doubles Mixed
Doubles. Though the CGF has 71
members, it will not be wrong
to say that not more than ten
member countries have a good
tennis record. Interestingly the
Commonwealth Games are one
of the few competitions in tennis
where British players represent
their individual countries, rather
than playing under the banner of
Great Britain. So in Delhi, Great
Britain will be competing as
seven different teams - England,
Scotland, Wales, N. Ireland, Isle
of Man, Jersey, Guernsey. There
are not more than ve men players
from the Commonwealth countries
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YOJANA September 2010 11
who gure among the top 100 in
the World. The highest ranked is
Andy Murray of Scotland, though
in Grand Slams he represents
Great Britain, he is number four,
followed by Marcos Baghdatis
of Cyprus(ranked 30) Australias
Lleyton Hewitt (33), Denis Istomin
(71) and German based Jamacian
Dustin Brown (99). Indias Somdev
Devvarman is placed 111.
In the Womens section top
ranked players are Australias
Samantha Stosur who beat Venus
Williams in French Open. She is
ranked seventh. Britains ElenaBaltacha is 63rd, India Sania
Mirza is at 91st place while two
other Australians -Anastasia
Rodionova and Alicia Molik are
at 92 and 94th place. In the mens
doubles, Canadas Daniel Nestor is
3rd in the ATP ranking. Leander
Paes and Mahesh Bhupathi are
ranked 6th and 7th respectively.
Bhupathis partner Mark Knowlesof Bahmas is at 8th place. They are
followed by Aisam ul Haq Qureshi
of Pakistan at 46, Rohan Boppana
(54), Britains Ross Hutchins(60),
Jonathan Marray (74) and Britains
Jamie Murray (96th). In the
absence of top ranking players
India have a chance to win at
least two Gold, mens doubles and
mixed doubles, and with some
luck can hope to get a couple of
Silvers too.
Saina Nehwal will lead Indias
Badminton campaign. The World
number 2 has raised a lot of hopes
and expectations. Chetan Anand
and P.Kashyap are medal prospects
in mens section.
Ind i a s pa r t i c i pa t i on i n
Weightlifting is still not clear.
The Federation has to clear the ne
imposed on it by the International
body as more than ve lifters were
tested postive in one season. The
Wrightlifting body is hoping that
Indian Olympic Association and
Government will bail it out.
In Athletics the host challenge
is likely to be spearheaded by
the throwers Vikas Gowda andHarwant Kaur. There is a lot of
talent among the youngsters which
was showcased at the recently
concluded Nationals at Patiala.
Intrestingly India has won only one
Gold in Commonwealth Games,
that too way back in 1958 by
ying Sikh Milkha Singh.
Table tennis was a big surprise
in Melbourne where Sharat A
Kamal emerged champion andnow the ofcials hope that medal
tally in this discipline will go up.
In squash, India has a good chance
of bagging a medal or two with
S.Ghoshal in good form and young
Deepika doing well in the womens
section. It will indeed be a miracle
if India wins a couple of medals in
Swimming because competition in
this discipline will be really tough.
In Cycling, Gymnastics, Lawn
Bowls, Netball and Rugby sevens,
any medal (s) will be bonus.
Thus the stakes are indeed
high this time for India and the
sportspersons have no excuse
to offer as the government has
spent lavishly on their training
and coaching. They have thetalent to produce some glittering
performances and one hopes they
do so. q
(E-mail : [email protected])
YOJANAForthcoming
IssesOctober 2010
The October 2010 issue of Yojana will focus on the issue of Food Security
November 2010
The November 2010 issue of Yojana will focus on the Growth of the Telecom Sector in India
October 2010&
November 2010
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12 YOJANA September 2010
There is a good
demand for talent
in managing sports
and world-over
it has become an
industry in itself.
India is only now
waking up in this
kind of skill
Educating the Sports Leaders of Tomorrow
SPORTS
RICEWATERHOUSE
COOPERS, the consulting
firm, recently predicted
that the global sports
market will be worth
$141 billion by 2012, representing
37-percent growth on the current
value. From the initial concept of
providing a wonderful opportunity
for holistic development of ourbody and mind, sports has gone
through a plethora of changes
in the last few decades. In the
beginning of the 21st century
it is clearly evident that a huge
amount of money, glamour, name
and fame, media exposure and
fan following have become an
integral part of todays sports.
This unprecedented speed ofchange in the sports industry
appears to have t r iggered a
new global trend: the creation
of masters degrees in sport
management and other areas
related to the business of sport.
The author is a former sports journalist and now works as a communications consultant with European Athletics
Association in Lausanne, Switzerland.
In the United States and several
western European countries the
sporting fraternity has warmly
embraced it. Sports management
involves all the activities on
and off the eld that are to be
performed for the success of
any sporting event. Professional
sports management companies
have come up in huge number in
those countries for taking care of
sports personalities and sporting
events.
Sports Management is a new
and emerging concept in India and
has made a good beginning. Indian
sports over the years have been
plagued by lack of professionalism,
misuse of power and politicali n f l uence e t c . Th ings a re ,
however, changing of late with the
introduction of professionalism in
Indian sports. Board of Control for
Cricket in India (BCCI) - the richest
cricket body in the world last year
Aditya Kumar
OVERVIEW
P
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YOJANA September 2010 13
took a step forward by appointing
a full time paid CAO. The All India
Football Federation (AIFF) is also
making it compulsory for all the
National Football League playing
clubs to appoint a full time paid
CEO to look after the management
of these clubs. The success of the
Indian Premier League (IPL) has
put India rmly on the global sports
map.
The world of spor t a l so
recognizes Indias potential
as a huge market and possibly
the biggest opportunity on the
planet outside the saturatedmarkets of Europe and North
America. What India offers
is a market with high growth
economy, rapid rise of middle
class with disposable income and
leisure time, rapid growth in TV
households driving interest and
value in sports content, and rapid
growth in advertising as local and
international companies targetthis lucrative, underdeveloped
market. The sponsorship market
in India is estimated at $250m per
year, TV rights worth over $350m
per year and both growing fast.
Talking about sports l ike
Hockey, Tennis, Athletics etc.
the respec t ive apex bodies
are also trying to introduce
profess iona l i sm. Under thepresent situation it is pretty
much evident that the service
and expertise of professionally
trained sports manager will be
keenly felt in different sporting
Associations, Clubs and Sports
Management companies etc.
for the overall development and
management of sports in the
days to come. The chaos that the
Organising Committee for the
2010 Commonwealth Games in
Delhi nds itself in today, once
again highlights the need for a
professional set up, if India has
to have any chance of being
competitive at the international
stage.
Educating the future leaders of
sports is the only way of reaching
that level. Sports management
education has been embraced by
countries around the world with
success. Internationally suchcourses have existed for more
than 50 years, and the number of
those with dreams of a career in
sports has only gone up. Sports
Management courses are offered
in top US universities, such as
the New York University and
Columbia among many others,
normally with the curriculum
focused on the US sports industry.Such programmes have proven
to be the sourcing ground for
professionals for the top American
sports leagues like the NBA, NFL
and the MLB among others.
Australia also offers a selection
of courses, based in Melbourne.
Deakin universitys programme
covers sports management withstreams in strategic management,
marketing, nance and law.
Switzerland, home to a number
of International sports federations
and agencies, hosts two of the
most prestigious international
masters programme in sports
management Master in Sports
Administration (MSA) offered by
the Lausanne-based International
Academy of Sports Science and
Technology (AISTS), supported
by the International Olympic
Committee and the FIFA Master
Programme.
T h e F I F A M a s t e r , o r
I n t e r n a t i o n a l M a s t e r i n
Management, Law and Humanities
of Sports, is run in partnership
with three European universities,
each one teaching a different
module: De Monfort University
in the UK (humanities); SDA
Bocconi, in Italy (Management);and Universit de Neuchtel, in
Switzerland (Law).
Christophe Dubi, the sports
director at the IOC is of the
opinion that the edgling global
sports industry is in need of
people with relevant skill sets and
the demand will only grow in the
coming years. For several yearsnow we have followed a policy
of hiring trainees in different
departments at the IOC. We feel
that this is a fantastic opportunity
for the IOC to offer a good career
start to young individuals and
at the same time benefit from
fresh brain cells and energy.
We have found the link to the
FIFA Master and the AISTS veryhelpful, as a new pool of highly
dedicated and competent sports
managers graduate every year.
These graduates have gone on to
serve at a number of International
Sports Federations and their
national sports bodies. Sports,
being the growing industry that it
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14 YOJANA September 2010
is today, denitely needs more and
more people with relevant skill
sets at every level, he said.
France hosts several high-
q u a l i t y c o u r s e s o n s p o r t s
m a n a g e m e n t . T h e M S i nInternational Sport & Event
Management is hosted by Euromed
Marseille and is focused on sport
law, sporting event marketing
and branding, and event strategy.
The course is made up of six
months of classes and six months
of internship programmes and is
bilingual (English and French).
The European university,w i t h c a m p u s e s i n s e v e r a l
countries, offers an MBA in
sports management on its Spanish
campus in Barcelona, and focuses
its curriculum on sports marketing,
nancial management, ethics &
social issues and media relations
& sports broadcasting.
In Europe, the UK is a major
centre for sports studies with
specialization in management
and other aspects of sports,
with a large number of courses
offered by several universities.
Loughbrough University appears
as one of the top universities
in this eld in several different
rankings. There are options of
similar courses in Germany, South
Africa, South America, Asia and
elsewhere. There are also options
to take short-term courses or even
distant-learning diplomas. Sports
companies and international
sports federations are increasingly
recruiting employees with degrees
from such universities. Apart
from federations, companies of
all sectors of the sports industry
(agencies, consultancies, apparel
manufactures, leagues, clubs, etc)
are also taking graduates from
diverse courses into their ranks.
The courses normally prefercandidates with at least some work
experience in the sports industry,
although this is not mandatory. On
average, they claim that at least
70 per cent of their alumni are
employed in sports. There is a wide
range of curricula, titles awarded,
international approaches, offers
(or not) of scholarships, and
course fees.Recently the Indian Institute
of Management, Ahmedabad
(IIM-A) also announced that it
is planning to introduce a course
on Professional Management of
Sports Organisation (PMSO) from
academic year 2010-11. There
is a good demand for talent in
managing sports and world-over
it has become an industry in itself.India is only now waking up in
this kind of skill. This is a rst
move from our side to try and
professionalise the management
of sports, IIM-A director Samir
Barua was quoted as saying about
the PMSO course which is part
of the institutess Management
Development Progamme (MDP)
2010-11.
The Post Graduate Diploma in
Sports Management (PGDSM) is
presently available at only two
recognised universities in India:
Alagappa University, Karaikudi,
Tamil Nadu that offers a one-
year PGDSM and Indira Gandhi
Institute of Physical Education
and Sports Science, New Delhi
which offers the same. Several
private colleges and institutions
are now introducing diploma
courses in sports management.
The Naval Tata Centre ofExcellence in Sports Management
of the Indian Institute of Social
Welfare and Business Management
in Kolkata conducts a one-year
full time Post Graduate Diploma
in Sports Management (PGDSM).
This is a diploma offered by
the Institute, and is likely to
be afliated as a course of the
University of Calcutta from theSession 2010-2011.
T h e p r o g r a m m e o f f e r s
professional exposure to the
structure, economic impact,
organisation, marketing, funding
of the sports Industry as well
as current trends in sports and
relationship between sports and
the mass media. The course
structure also offers modules on
law and regulations that all leisure
and recreational organizations
have to follow giving a well
rounded perspective of the sports
industry.
Taking a Masters course
requires commitment, willingness
to invest time and a considerable
amount of money on course fees,plus expenses, and to give up
working and earning for a year
or more. The candidate also
faces tough competition, with an
average of only 25 to 30 per cent
of applicants being accepted on
many of these courses. q
(Email: [email protected])
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YOJANA September 2010 15
YE-9/10/6
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16 YOJANA September 2010
With the passingof the long
awaited Right to
Education Bill
which brings to
every child
the fundamental
right to learn,libraries across
rural India
could play a stellar
role in enhancing
this learning
Building Knowledge Societies
at the Grassroots
bEST PRACTICES
N THE rural areas of
Jharkhand, literacy level of
women is low. Traditionally
they have remained conned
to their homes and elds,
their world circumspect within
these defined parameters. They
rarely displayed any desire to seek
new avenues of information even in
areas related to their daily lives and
local developments. At least not
until Mobile Libraries burst upon
the scene. This is an initiative of the
PACS (Poorest Areas Civil Society)
project which seeks to address
issues of poverty in 120 districts
across India by improving access
to rights and entitlements for thosewho remain socially excluded, of
whom women form a large chunk.
Young enthusiastic boys ride
bicycles across 30 villages in
Maheshpur block in Pakur district
of Jharkhand, loaded with not
only books and newspapers but
I
Shailendra Sinha
also forms for old-age pension,
information on MNREGA and
Forest Rights for sharing with the
local communities. Initially the
women did not show much interest
in these materials, perhaps because
of an obvious lack of literacy
which made them unsure of how
it could at all relate to them. Butthen these young library activists
started to speak to them, giving
them information about the material
they had and how it could benet
them.
Women gradually came out
to listen with keen interest about
Annapurna Yojana, about facilities
available to a BPL cardholder under
various government schemes. The
desire to gain new knowledge and
insights about how to better their
lives had perhaps always been
there - it came to the fore with a
little help from the activists. The
Mobile Library had only triggered
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YOJANA September 2010 17
it off. Stanecila Hambrum from
Birkitta village says that the women
now understand the importance of
this mobile library. We are making
them aware of their rights, laws
related to women including thoseon violence against women, the
Panchayat Raj system and their
participation in it.
To the urban conditioned mind
a library in a village is not easily
conceivable. Yet it is in these
very rural areas in Jharkhand, still
struggling with basic issues like
health, education, food and housing
that information needs to flow.
How else can rural communities,
poor and backward sections, the
adivasis link with the mainstream,
to access the fruits of development
and join in the march to progress?
Through such libraries, what is
happening is a gradual spreading
of this storehouse of information in
the villages. Rather than remaining
an institution which people access,
it has taken on a pro-active role
of taking the institution to the
people, breaking down its tomes of
information in such a way that it is
understood and assimilated by even
those who are out of the literacy net,
thus going beyond the conventional
sense of a library. In doing so, these
Mobile Libraries have upheld a
lofty principle, the core of any
enlightened or egalitarian society,
that knowledge is free and the
access to it should be unhindered
by societal divisions of class,
region, caste, language or gender.
Dr. Victor Tigga, Vice-chancellor,
Sido-Kanhu Murmu University,
Dumka district in Santhal Paragana
says, The ow of information is
vital, it changes the thinking ofcommon people. In a fast changing
world like ours, it is important
to understand so many things.
But unfortunately, information
revolution has not benefited the
rural areas.
The success of the project owes
a lot to the enthusiasm of its
members to bring about positive
change on the ground. Michael
Hambrum, says, I want to do
something for the society. As a
member of the mobile library, I
am working as a carrier of news,
information and knowledge. Today,
rural people are more awakened.
This is an effective tool to ght the
backwardness of the society.
The good news is that in
sp i t e o f t he backwardness
and low development, change
for the better is visibly taking
place among rural communities.
There is a keen sense of seeking
information about agriculture,
about markets, employment and
in fact developments beyond their
village sphere. This is in a sense,
the key to a holistic and sustained
development, one that emerges
from within society and not merely
from without or top-down.
Government welfare schemes,
programs for development will
remain limited in the absence
of an aware community, which
reaches out and derives benefit
from it. There necessarily needs to
be participation from the ground
for any benefit to be effectiveand deep-rooted. The Library
as a hub could work very well in
fostering this participation, building
a dynamic partnership between the
government and the governed.
The scope of such initiatives
in a rural scenario is manifold
and extends to new dimension
from merely academic interest ora collection of reading material
to become a dynamic vehicle
for social change. It points to a
direction, which should be taken by
agencies, those promoting public-
private partnership to rise to the
occasion and build on what the
PACS initiative has opened up.
With the passing of the long
awaited Right to Education which
brings to every child the fundamental
right to learn and break out of the
darkness of ignorance, libraries,
mobile or otherwise, across rural
India could play a stellar role in
enhancing this learning, aiding the
new generation of literates with
useful nuggets of information and
knowledge that can truly empower
them. The time is now ripe for us
to realize the dream of a society
where the mind is without fear -
as visualized by Nobel laureate
Rabindra Nath Tagore.
Charkha Featres
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18 YOJANA September 2010
Suddenly sportsare all around us,
thanks to the media,
merchandising,
marketing and
promotions, as
much as the game
itself. It is a golden
opportunity for all
concerned to come
to the party
The Changing Face of Sports in India
SPORTS
PORTS IN India have
always had a love-hate
relationship with society.
While we as a people
always like to look up to
our stars, more often than not the
aspirations of youngsters aspiring
to emulate their heroes fall on the
wayside, done in by the pressures
of education, family, society andvery often poor facilities.
For every one star, there are 100
others who fall on the wayside.
Economic hardships, the desperate
need to make ends meet and even
social stigma have worked against
them, and many a star is lost before
he or she was born. However, things
have changed for the better in the
recent past. While even now the
pressures mentioned above remain,sports and the industry of sports
has thrown up many opportunities
which were practically unheard of
in the past. So essentially, while
not everyone can be a Sachin
Tendulkar, many can follow their
The author is a senior journalist who has been covering sports for close to 20 years. He has worked with leading News
Agencies and Newspapers including United New of India, The Statesman, Hndustan Times and Time of India.
star through an array of openings
that have come up, thanks to the
commercialisation of sports.
When we speak of this subject,
it is impossible not to start with
cricket. This game has very recently
shown us the effect of money, both
the good and bad sides of it. But if
one were able to keep some sort of
control on how money is invested
and used in cricket, it surely has
to be the sporting success story of
India. Lets not talk of the cricketers
at all. How much money they
make and how the game has been
marketed to make it a business
success is not news any more.
However, people do tend to forget,
or are unaware of the impact the
game has in terms of generatingemployment in many elds.
Lets begin with the media.
Earlier, press meant newspapers,
and in each of them, there was
this one man who used to write on
cricket. He was held in high regard,
Jaideep Ghosh
PERSPECTIVE
S
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YOJANA September 2010 19
almost as high as the cricketer. But
once India won the 1983 Prudential
World Cup, the game changed
completely. As television channels
began to thrive in India, more and
more people were hired -- reporters,
editors, camerapersons, graphicdesigners and many others -- just to
cover cricket, on and off the eld.
Another boom came in the
sporting goods industry. Gone
were the days when cricketers
went on tours with two bats and
a pair of pads. Equipment has
gone through the roof, from bats
to protective armours to helmets.
Now practically every cricketer,
even the mediocre ones, carry
anything between ve to ten bats,
several sets of pads, gloves, inside
gloves, elbow guards, thigh pads,
chest guards, the list is practically
endless. Also, these bats do not
last too long, so the turnover is
tremendous, generating many jobs
in the sporting goods industry.
This boom can also be seen in
almost all other sports. Sportinggear and equipment, which had to be
imported almost in totality, has now
become a major foreign exchange
generator for the country, with
several manufacturers exporting
equipment all over the world. With
increase in competitive sports,
the demands on the athletes have
also gone up manifold. The body
now needs constant monitoring
and nurturing. Sports medicine is
another area where lots of openings
are coming up, through various
aspects including physiotherapy, or
even skills like massages etc.
Like the body, the mind too
is under pressure, and sport
psychology is another area
where the scope is increasing.
Sports administration isnt quitea professional business in India,
since almost all the administrators
come from varied elds. But sports
marketing is one side to this wholedeal that has already made money
for the enterprising, and its a marketthat has barely been tapped yet.
With money coming into theindustry of sports, even becoming
a sportsperson is a much morelucrative proposition. However,
not all sports are easy to get into,and it is not that everyone gets
to be a champion. But golf is agame where many players, a large
percentage coming from modest
backgrounds, have been able tomake a very comfortable living.
Money has also come into othersports, but the professional circuit
there is not anything to comparewith cricket, so there is always
scope for improvement.
Another industry that has
benetted is merchandising. Indian
Premier League T-shirts were prized
possessions for many a child, and
even adults, while lots of cricketersand other athletes have promotedand vouched for many brands.
Brand awareness is suddenly easyfor the kids, and to be seen in theshoes, shirts or shades of the star
player has thrown up a huge marketfor such things.
But while money is coming, not
too much is going into generatingsports as a culture in the country.
While the Government has acomprehensive sports policy andprogramme, providing funds to all
the disciplines to promote sportsfrom a young age , it is only in
selective places that the results arevisible. Ironically, cricket seems to
be the worst offender in this regard.
Considering the crores of rupees
the game makes, the investment
into junior cricket is negligible.Unfortunately, the game is nowtransforming into a super-lucrative
club league tournament, whichhas frequently crossed the line of
propriety or transparency. Sporting
success needs to lter down to thepeople who make it a winner, andcricket is losing out there.
The other sports are way toodependant on Government funding,
since their efforts at sponsorshiphavent always been successful,
simply because the athletes successrate is moderate at best. But a
combination of the two -- Publicand Private Sector money -- is the
best recipe for success. Unchartedand unplanned investment wouldnever be effective. On the contrary,
it will be detrimental to the sport inquestion. So essentially, investment
needs accountability and properutilisation of funds, aimed at
bettering the lives and careers ofpromising athletes, who would
one day bring glory to the nation.The signs are already there, with
individual medals already cominginto the coffer from top-levelevents like the Olympics and Asian
Games.
It has to be said that the sportsfacilities have turned a huge corner
and facilities are surely far betterthan what they used to be. That
explains the successes, beginningwith Leander Paes, followed by
Karnam Malleswari and then the
likes of Abhinav Bindra, VijenderSingh and Sushil Kumar. On the
other side, Saina Nehwal, GaganNarang, Tejaswini Sawant and other
such sportspersons are reecting the
preparation and facilities at home.
Having said that, there are still
too few real winners. The proportion
of one champion for a 100 failures
is still true, since somehow all
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20 YOJANA September 2010
the efforts havent covered the vast country. But as
the results and medals start coming in, so will the
awareness and enthusiasm. Speaking of events, Delhi
is now on the doorstep of the Commonwealth Games.
Unfortunately, most of the headlines have been pretty
negative, but the only undeniable fact is that the
Games are round the corner, and it is time to ensurethat best use is made of the time available. Hosting
multi-sport international events add to the prestige of
the nation. The Beijing Olympics showed the country
in a very new hue as it left no stone unturned to ensure
that the Games were sensational.
India too has a golden opportunity. Apart from
the 1982 Asian Games, India has struggled to get
a nod in terms of such events, and the present one
should be treated like a great gift. While it would be
fair to assume that some damage has been done tothe nations image, the real event is still to come and
images can surely be changed.
Another remarkable thing about the sporting
scenario in India is the number of foreigners plying
their trades here. It all began with football really, as
players from Africa and several Asian countries began
coming to play in India for various clubs. Then there
were players from even bigger footballing nations,
including even Brazil! But for all the international
avour, the national team kept falling behind, and
the ranking kept falling. So having a lot of foreign
experts and players does not essentially mean the
home players skills will increase. So there is need
to keep a mix of inviting the best and only them,
from abroad to train our athletes, So long as it is not
overdone and the main reason for their being here
lost in the glare of riches.
Sports will always fascinate us. From grandfathers,
perched on their reclining chairs on a Sunday
morning, to children, striving to catch their favourite
teams T-shirt, it is all around us. Suddenly sports areall around us, thanks to the media, merchandising,
marketing and promotions, as much as the game itself.
It is a golden opportunity for all concerned to come
to the party, be they the athletes, the people making
a living through ancillary industries, the people in
general. It is a success story waiting to be told, and we
hope it is told, sooner rather than later. q
(Email: [email protected])YE-9/10/7
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YOJANA September 2010 21
India, which
has successfully
moved into the
upper echelons of
technology and many
other areas, will
now, on account ofthe Commonwealth
Games, see itself
on the world
sporting map
A Promising Future for Indian Sports
SPORTS
N V I S W A N A T H A NAnand, India has a worldchampion in chess, whohas been at the pinnaclefor long and been amongthe top-3 of the world for
a better part of the last 15 years.In Sachin Tendulkar, India has theworlds most gifted and successfulcricketer. Alas, neither game is an
Olympic sport.
In Mangte Chungnei jangMarykom, India has a four-timeworld champion in womens boxingand in Koneru Humpy India has theWorld No. 2 in womens chess.Alas, neither are these two sportson the Olympic programme.
Same is the case with PankajAdvan i , a mul t i p l e wor ld
champion in amateur billiards andsnooker, who has also become theWorld champion in professionalbilliards.
But India also has Saina Nehwal,the World No. 2 in womensbadminton and the current WorldNo. 2 in mens Air Rie shooting in
The author is a senior sports writer and commetator, has covered ve Olympic Games, six Asian Games and four
Commonwealth Games besides numerous World and Asian Championships.
Gagan Narang. In tennis stalwartsLeander Paes and Mahesh Bhupathi,owners of more than 12 and 10Grand Slam titles respectively,India has doubles exponents worthyof a place in the Hall of Fame.
Add to them the names ofs h o o t e r s A b h i n a v B i n d r a ,Rajyavardhan Rathore and ManavjitSingh, who not very long back wonmedals at Olympics and WorldChampionships. Then there are thelikes of boxer Vijender Singh, whowas ranked No. 2 in the world, anda whole bunch of wrestlers led byOlympic medalist Sushil Kumar.
With as many sporting stars, therecannot be a greater misconceptionthan the belief that we as a nationhave made little progress since ourlast sporting milestone, the Asian
Games in 1982. Such belief is notjust a fallacy, but is patently unfairto these worthy champions.
Indian sporting progress,in comparison to some othercountries, may seem slow when itcomes to Olympic medals, but it isnevertheless substantial.
V Krishnaswamy
ANALYSIS
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India in the not-too-distant pasthas had stars like badminton acesPrakash Padukone and PullelaGopichand and the eet-footed PTUsha. And before them were thelikes of Milkha Singh, RamanathanKrishnan, Vijay Amritraj and morethan a few generations of world-class hockey players.
R e c e n t c o n t r o v e r s i e snotwithstanding, the upcomingCommonwealth Games shouldmark another watershed in Indiansport, just as the Asian Games didin 1982.
The 1982 Asian Games wasthe rst big-ticket event to cometo India since the inaugural AsianGames. The Asiad, in a manner ofspeaking, did create an awarenessabout sport, but apart from a coupleof World Cups in cricket, whereIndia continues to be biggestmarket, a few Asian championshipsand an Afro-Asian games, therehas not been another truly globalsporting event. Even the World Cupin Hockey earlier this year was asingle discipline event as was the
World Championships of Chessin 2000.
So, in many senses the 2010Commonwealth Games will markthe beginning of a new era.
A new era
Medals at the Olympics havealways come in a trickle in factin solitary splendor, before thethree at the 2008 Games in Beijing hauls have been somewhat better
at the Asian Games. But it is at theCommonwealth Games, that Indiacan count itself among the leaders.The previous edition in Melbournein 2006 saw India finish fourth,behind the three Commonwealthsporting superpowers, Australia,England and Canada.
Indias haul of 22 gold medalswas way clear of fth placed South
Africas 12, and was only four shortof Canada in the third place. Nowwith the Games at home, it wouldnot be unrealistic to expect India topull itself into the top-three behindAustralia and England.
Shooting, which in SamareshJung threw up the 2006 Gamesbest athlete with ve gold medalsand one bronze, has always beenthe discipline India looks upto fora big haul.
This time around, weightliftingand boxing ought to fetch India morethan a handful, while table tennis,where Indias Sharath Kamal is thereigning champion, and badminton,
where India has World No. 2 inSaina Nehwal, also ought to gureprominently among medals.
Opportnities for the ftre
It is no secret that a countryssporting progress is often linkedto the kind of facilities that are onoffer for its youth. In a countryteeming with population, it is not aneasy choice for the government tospend on sports, when other sectorsare crying themselves hoarse forsimilar funding.
Yet, a healthy and young nationcan be more productive for thefuture.
The Asian Games in 1982brought about a whole set of newfacilities in the form of numerousstadia across the Capital. Alas, thestadia were never really thrown
open to the youngsters, as theyought to have been to usher in a newdawn in sporting awareness.
Schemes like pay-and-playnever really worked. The facilitiesshould have been open to thepublic. All over the world, studentsand youngsters in general get freeof cost the facilities they require topursue sport.
But by the time realizationdawned the facilities had begun
deteriorating and with it mountedcriticism that facilities built at huge
costs were never really used by theones they were meant for, after the
Games.However, the emergence of
DDA Sports Complex across Delhigave the local youngsters a new
chance to indulge in their hobby ataffordable prices.
This time around, better sportinggovernance can make up for that
mistake.
T h e D e l h i U n i v e r s i t y ,
traditionally the nursery fromwhere sportspersons emerge, and
the Eastern part of the Capitalhave always had fewer sporting
facilities. This time around, theCommonwealth Games has brought
in a brand new stadium and other
elds at the Delhi University and
the Yamuna Sports Complex, in theEastern part of Delhi.
The additional advantage will
be the setting up of training venues,like those at Delhi Public School,Universitys various Colleges and
Jamia Millia in South Delhi. Theseare besides wrestling facilities inLudlow Castle as well the Siri Fort,
which will be a classy venue formore than a few disciplines.
With the bigger sport ing
complexes like the JawaharlalNehru Stadium, the Talkatora
complex, the Indira Gandhi IndoorStadium, the RK Khanna TennisStadium, the Dhyan Chand National
Stadium for hockey, the Karni SinghShooting Range and the Siri Fort
Complex getting total renovation,it will indeed be a big boost for
sports in Delhi besides leading tostaging of many more national andinternational events.
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I m p r o v e m e n t i n c i v i c
Infrastrctre
It is generally accepted that thestaging of a mega sporting eventevokes a whole gamut of emotions,ranging from euphoria among the
sports community to anguish inmany other sections. It leads todebates to whether a developingcountry can afford the expenditureneeded for a mega event.
The truth is that it is usually onlywhen a mega-event comes aroundthat any city gets its sporting andcivic infrastructure upgraded. It hasbeen the case in many other cities,ranging from Barcelona to Atlantato Sydney and Athens and the latest
being Beijing. Melbourne (2006)and before that Manchester (2002)and Kuala Lumpur benefitted agreat deal from the CommonwealthGames, as did Asian Games hosts,
Doha (2006), Busan, Korea (2002)and Bangkok (1998).
There is also no denying thatmega events cause a great deal ofdiscomfort when facilities are beingbuilt, and cost overruns can have an
impact on the local economy.Similar debates have, expectedly,
been underway in India. But thefact remains that just as the 1982Asian Games brought about fournew yovers, three new ve-starhotels besides the Siri Fort SportsComplex and Asian Games Village,and, above all, Colour TV, the 2010Commonwealth Games will bringwith it many positives.
Beginning from a state-of-the-art International airport to a plethora of yovers, underpassesand expansion of Metro, theNational Capital Region has seen
a big leap forward. New hotels andmuch else though severe delaysand cost overruns have caused agreat deal of concern have comeabout.
Better planning and tighter
control on costs and timelinescould have avoided many heart-burns. Yet, there is no doubting thefact that these facilities are hereto stay and improve the quality oflife of those living in and aroundthe NCR.
Over and above all, India, whichhas successfully moved into theupper echelons of technology andmany other areas, will now, on
account of the CommonwealthGames, see itself on the worldsporting map. q
(Email: [email protected])
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With the world's
youngest population
India certainly
has the potential
to compete withsporting giants
like China, USA,
Russia, Korea
and Japan
What Ails Indian Sports
SPORTS
H E C O M M O N -
WEALTH Games are
just round the corner
and its venue the
capital city of Delhi
is undergoing a grand scale of
renovation and restructuring. This
is undoubtedly an indication of
the growing importance of sports
in India.Over the years India has
witnessed several spurts of
highs in the sporting arena,
with momentous victories in
many disciplines in international
events. An impressive record in
Hockey with eight Olympic gold
medals, Prakash Padukone, Pulella
Gopichand and now, Saina Nehwal,
the world number two doing usproud in badminton, world chess
champion Vishwanathan Anand,
an impressive line up in tennis
from Vijay Amritraj to Leander
Paes, Mahesh Bhupathy and Sania
Mirza, world standing in cricket
and impressive performances from
The author is a Research Scholar at the Zakir Hussain Center for Educational Studies Jawaharlal Nehru University,New Delhi
our athletes like Milkha Singh and
P.T.Usha, shooters like Abinav
Bindra and Rajyavardhan Rathore,
our boxers like Vijendra Kumar
and wrestlers like Sushil Kumar,
to name only a few, have certainly
given us reasons to be proud, and
have, time and again, reconrmed
our faith in our sporting abilities.
This faith, has however, also been jolted on innumerable occasions,
forcing us to concede that our
moments of glory in the sporting
arena have been rather few and far
between, and we need to trudge
uphill many miles before India can
truly emerge as a sporting force to
reckon with.
The fundamental challenge that
sports in India is facing is that ithas been relegated increasingly
to the back seat, being treated as
an extra curricular activity which
cannot match up to the regular
curriculum in terms of importance.
The academic burden in schools
often leads to the sports period
Kaushalya Bajpayee
OPINION
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being struck off the daily time
table. School hours, and the tuition
classes thereafter, leave students
with precious little time and even
lesser energy to pursue sports even
as recreation or a leisure activity,
leave alone as a profession. Whilechildren usually start off with a
natural and spontaneous attraction
for games, this over emphasis on
academics ensures that any such
interest is killed off right in the
bud.
There is also a general belief that
sports is a very uncertain career,
and does not necessarily offer very
bright opportunities. So, childrenare forced to take up academics to
ensure stability in life, often despite
their inherent aptitude and knack
towards sports.
Another factor that acts as a
setback to the development of
sports is the obvious discrimination
between different kinds of sports.
While there is a lot of hype,
grandeur and money surroundingsports like cricket, football or tennis,
one hardly gets to hear about other
sports like taekwondo, kho- kho or
archery . It is very strange that we
hardly hear of radio commentary
or television broadcasts of these
sports. The Indian Premier League
has seen corporate houses coming to
the forefront with huge investments
involving large sums of money,adding to the existing grandeur of
cricket. But such investments are
lacking in the other sports. Even
for advertising, it is the popular
cricketers, tennis or badminton
players who are approached. Thus
while the glamour of some select
games may attract youngsters,
there are a lot of other games that
have not been able to draw the
attention of the youth to participate
in them.
The lack of academy and sports
complexes in the districts and
suburban areas of the country isanother major problem. The sports
clubs and academies are mainly in
the metropolitan cities. It is the same
Hyderabad which has produced
Md. Azharuddin, Sania Mirza
and Saina Nehwal or Delhi that
produced Tania Sachdev or Mumbai
that produced Sunil Gavaskar,
Sachin Tendulkar, Vinod Kambli
and others. But it is undeniable
that parents who are settled in
suburban towns are often unable
to shift their bases to provide their
children with adequate facilities
and guidance. Even in the metros,
the facilities for sports training are
very inadequate. Children often
suffer from the absence of proper
guidance and coaching. We lack
proper coaching facilities and
properly equipped training centersto train students for national and
international standards.
Besides, training in sports
requires huge investment. Not only
admission into an academy but
also sports kit, uniform and even
healthy and nutritional diet, tness
training etc require incurring of
huge costs. This often keeps sports
as a restricted terrain, especially forthe middle and low income groups.
Sports like golf, polo, billiards are
often tagged as elite sports.
While problems abound, a
gradual turn around in attitude is
clearly visible now. Promotion
of infrastructure is taking up high
priority, with the building of stadia
and sports complexes in Delhi. But
the Government really needs to
review its policies and make sure that
in the post Commonwealth times,
these infrastructural facilities are
properly put to use. In this context,
the Sports Authority of India (SAI)assumes great responsibility. It was
set up in 1984 for the maintenance
and efficient utilization of the
infrastructure that were built in
Delhi during the Asiad in 1982.
It has six regional centres at
Kolkata, Bangaluru, Gandhinagar,
Chandigarh, Bhopal and Imphal.
However, for a vast country like
India, SAI should have sub regionalbranches that would help it to bring
out the best talent from the various
corners of the country. Besides, the
state governments need to come to
the forefront to set up such agencies
at the state levels so that better
talents can be tapped at the district
levels and can be promoted with
proper training and guidance.
An important step towardsthis has been the National Sports
Policy, 2001, which was planned
to make sports more broad
based and promote excellence.
However, proper implementation
of the policy has been far from
reality. The National Sports
Development Fund was instituted
by the Central Government with
a view to mobilizing resources
from the government as well as
non government sources including
private/corporate sector and non-
resident Indians for promotion
of sports and games. In order to
make it attractive the government
provides 100% exemption from
income tax on all contributions.
The Government also provides
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ass i s tance to the Nat iona l
Sports Federations (NSFs) for
conducting national championship
and international tournaments,
participation in international
tournaments abroad, organizing
coaching camps, procuring sportsequipment etc.
Schemes under the Ministry
of Youth Affairs and Sports are
however, mostly restricted to the
national levels and fail to promote
state level sports enthusiasm.
An important attempt towards
addressing this issue is the National
Sports Championship for women.
Under the scheme national levelcompetitions are preceded by
holding of lower level competitions
at block and district level for which
state and union territories are
provided nancial assistance. But
the amount is too meager -for block
level competition Rs. 1000 per
block, for district level competition
Rs 3000 per district, for state level
competition Rs. 10,000 per state
and for smaller states and union
territories Rs. 5000 per state or
UT.
Another important step by the
government is the scheme for
promotion of sports in north eastern
states under the PYKKA scheme.
Under this scheme, assistance is
provided of Rs. 50,000 per district
for district level competition and
75,000 per discipline for the state
level competition. In 1974, the
Commonwealth Youth Programme
came into being with the purpose
of promoting the development
of young men and women in the
commonwealth countries. More
initiatives are to be taken for inter
country championship as well as
sports festival. This will promote
local and regional harmony.
In India, the Government
must come up with the promotion
of such regional sports like the
rowing competition or Vallamkaliin Kerala. It is quite surprising that a
large number of sports are played in
India like oorball, Rugby, Bandy,
Netball, Korfball, Lacrosse etc,
though they are hardly heard about
or participated in. Often they have
remained conned to local areas .
For example, Ice hockey is played
mostly in the Himalayan region
of Ladakh, Bandy is played in
Himachal Pradesh and other areas
of North India, which generally has
ice and snow. Lacrosse is played in
the north eastern state of Meghalaya
and has not gained popularity in the
rest of the country. Proper setting
up of articial structures as well
as attracting people to these areas
should be taken up as a part of the
sports promotion programme.
Indoor games like gymnastics,
table tennis , carom, weight
lifting, power lifting, billiards and
snookers etc need to be promoted
further. .Some of the indoor
games can be an incentive for
the physically challenged people
who can channelize their talent
through participation in them. The
Government should initiate such
schemes which will be a moral aswell as economic booster for a large
number of the population.
To facilitate such schemes, one of
the primary requirements is of funds
and this can be achieved through the
public - private partnership. In this
context, the media should redene
its role, especially by highlighting
the different kinds of sports and
not by restricting themselves to
the broadcasting of games like
cricket and football only. The
sports channels should present
different programmes in more
attractive fashion mainly to attracta larger viewership which would
result in better promotion of sports
interest even in the distant corners
of the country and attract better
participation and investments.
More and more government
funded academies should be
opened where ex- sportsmen could
be engaged in coaching students.
Another way of promoting youthparticipation in sports might be
through the sponsoring of awards
not only at the national level but
also at the district and the block
levels. In fact, this will serve
both as a moral booster as well
as an economic incentive for the
upcoming sportspersons.
Through these measures, it
is possible to channelize a largepercentage of young energy in
a constructive way. With the
world's youngest population India
certainly has the potential to
compete with sporting giants like
China, USA, Russia, Korea and
Japan. India today is shouldering
the great responsibility of hosting
an event like the Commonwealth
Games, but the real challenge liesin attainment of a high level of
performance that will not only
channelize the vast potential
of her human resource but will
also establish her on the global
platform as a power to be reckoned
with. q
(E-mail:[email protected])
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J&K WINDOW
E-GOVERNANCE IN JAMMu AND KASHMIR
The government of Jammu and Kashmir is keen to introduce e-governance
in all departments. IT is a strong tool for speeding up process of socio-economic transformation and economic development.
Information and Communication Technol