Cold War Cloze Notes

Marshall Plan• Named after Secretary of State George _________________________• ___________________countries – four years - ___________________ billion in aid

Chaotic Western European nations needed __________________________________

•• Economic aid given to ____________________________________________ after

WWII to help rebuild.• ______________________ the spread of communism

Truman Doctrine• US financial aid would help to ________________________ communism where it

was and prevent it from spreading to ________________________________ the US supported

COLD WAR:

BERLIN AIRLIFT:

CONTAINMENT POLICY:

MARSHALL PLAN:

TRUMAN DOCTRINE:

NATO:

Competition with USSR• We built an ______________________________________________

– Then they _________________________ one of their own• Harry S. _________________________ used the United Nations (UN) to gain allies

and trade partnerships– Joseph _______________________ would do the same

• US wanted to __________________________ European governments and put Germany together– USSR wanted to control _______________________ Europe (buffer) and divide

East & West Germany• US created their first peacetime alliance (_________________) for military support

between US and 11 Western European nations– USSR created their own alliance set as well (___________________________)

“Losing” China• ________________ was in a civil war in the 1940s

– (US supported) _________________________ vs. Communists• Mao _______________________ gathered support among Chinese rural peasants to

take control of ____________________________________ China• _______________________________ is not willing to go to a military solution over

China – they’re too big and the ___________________ might get involved

Korean War• In 1950, ___________________________ North Korean forces flooded over the

____________ parallel into democratic South Korea (whom the US was _____________________________ to protect)

• The war ended in a ________________________________ – as the _____________parallel remained the border– ___________________________ Americans died in Korea– America spent $_______________________________

WARSAW PACT:

IRON CURTAIN:

KOREAN WAR:

McCarthyism• Senator Joseph ___________________________ (Wisconsin) brought the issue of

anti-communism to America’s front pages and _____________________________________

• Stirs up a whirlwind ______________________ – claiming to have a list of 57 (no 81, no 205!) _______________ working in the US State Department– Accused _______________________ of being soft on communism

Cuban Revolution 1956• Fidel _________________________ led communist

___________________________________ for control over Cuba, promising an end to ________________________________, poverty and dictatorship

• ______________________________ with the US got worse, but JFK’s new _________________________ policy when something didn’t go our way was “_______________________________________________”

The Bay of Pigs invasion • The __________________trained over 1,000 Cuban __________________________

to lead invasion of Cuban Bay of Pigs that would lead to ______________________________ of Castro’s government

• Nothing went as _______________________ and the US army-led invasion was a giant embarrassment and ______________________________.– The US had to pay __________________ million in supplies for the release of

the captured ___________________• ___________________ turned to the Soviet Union for more

“_________________________________________” support

McCARTHYISM:

CUBAN REVOLUTION:

BAY OF PIGS:

CUBAN MISSLE CRISIS:

Cuban missile crisis 1962 • October 14: US _______________________ take photos of

_________________________missiles in Cuba – placed there by the __________________________ to keep America out in the future

• October 22: _______________________ informs America of danger in Cuba, intent to limit _________________

• October 24: Kennedy starts naval ____________________________ of Cuba• October 25: ________________________________ ships stopped at blockade• October 28: _________________________ (USSR) vows to _______ missiles

___________ of Cuba to avoid bigger conflict– US had to take missiles out of _________________________ as well

Vietnam War • 1953: Eisenhower explains ______________________________ and how US cannot

let another nation fall to communism• _____________________________ will resist US within South Vietnam• JFK, afraid to be labeled “___________________” on communism, continues US

involvement in Vietnam• After USS _________________________ fired upon, Congress passes

_____________________ Gulf Resolution gives wide war-power to ____________

A Difficult War to fight• Elusive/Unclear/Determined ________________________

– __________________________ were fighting a hundred-year-old war for their survival

• Impossible _________________________– jungles, heat, bugs, rain, traps, hiding Vietcong– __________ million landmines still in Vietnam today

• __________________ Warfare • War of _________________________• _________________________ Warfare• Sinking Troop Morale

Tet offensive January 1968 • __________________ holiday ceasefire (Vietnamese New Year)• Vietcong ignore ceasefire and attack _________________________

VIETNAM WAR:

TET OFFENSIVE:

• Vietcong lose ____________________ (ARVN/US lose 3,000), - before Tet: _______% doves, ______% hawks - after Tet: 40% doves, 40% hawks

Growing opposition to the war • Most soldiers _____________________• African American __________________________

– 10% of forces, 20% of death toll (??)• The ______________Left (protest leadership)

– SDS & FSM • _______________________________________ rage against “the

machine”• seek to increase youth voice in _____________________________

– Kent State & Jackson State• _____________________________________, people die

• Opposition turns to protest and resistance• DOVES vs. HAWKS

– ________________________ were unpopular • (_________________ believed it was un-American to protest war)