YEARS & CONTRIBUTIONS OF SCIENTISTS
Transcript of YEARS & CONTRIBUTIONS OF SCIENTISTS
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YEARS & CONTRIBUTIONS OF
SCIENTISTS
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1770 Joseph Priestley -
Essential role of air in
growth of green plant.
01
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1774 Joseph Priestley -
Discovered O2.
02
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1831 Robert Brown - Ist
discovered and described
nucleus.
03
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1838 Schleiden (German
Botanist) - Work on plants.
04
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1839 Schwann(British Zoologist)
- Work on both plants &
animals.
05
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1855 Rudolf Virchow - Omnis
cellula-e-cellula (cells arises
from pre-existing cells).
06
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Life originate from pre-existing
life : Pasteur (Yeast).
07
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Life originate from non-living
(decaying & rotting matter) :
Spontaneous generation.
08
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Life originate from pre-existing non-living organic molecules (RNA, Protein)- Oparin (Russia) & Haldane (England)- Chemical Evolution.
09
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1856-
1863
Mendal experiment on
garden pea. (7 years)
10
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1860 Julius von Sachs -
Developed hydroponics.
11
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1865 Mendal published his
work.
12
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1866 Langdon Down - Down‟s
syndrome.
13
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1869 Friedrich Meischer - Ist
identified DNA and named
it nuclein.
14
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1891 Henking – Discovered
X-body.
15
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1891 Fossil discovered in
Java - Homo erectus.
16
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1892 Ivanowsky - Discovered
virus.
17
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1898 Beijerinek - Contagium
vivum fluidum (infectious
living fluid).
18
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1898 Camillo Golgi - Discovered
(observed) G.B.
19
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1900 de Vries, Correns and von
Tschermak independently
rediscovered Mendel‟s results.
20
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1902 Chromosome movement
during meiosis has been
worked out.
21
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1905 Law of limiting factor
(Blackmann).
22
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1928 Fredrick Griffith - Transforming
experiment with Streptococcus
pneumoniae (Diplococcus).
23
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1935 Stanley - Crystallised
viruses.
24
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1937 Ramdeo Misra obtained
Ph.D. in Ecology from
Leeds university (U.K.).
25
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1938 Coelocanth fish caught
in South Africa.
26
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1945 Fleming, Chain & Florey -
Awarded Nobel prize.
27
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1950 Watson obtained Ph.D. on a study
of the effect of hard X-rays on
bacteriophage multiplication.
28
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1951 Family planning
programme started in
India.
29
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1952 Hershey & Chase-experiment on
bacteriophage or Bacterial virus
gives unequivocal proof that DNA
is the genetic material.
30
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1953 Miller experiment -
Methane, ammonia,
hydrogen & water vapour.
31
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1953 Watson & Crick - Double
helical structure of B-DNA
& replication scheme.
32
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1953 Palade : Discovered
ribosome.
33
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1954 Ramachandran - Triple
helical model of collagen,
published in Nature.
34
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1954 Crick completed Ph.D. on a
thesis “X-rays diffraction :
polypeptides and proteins.
35
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1958 Meselson & Stahl - Work on E.coliproves semiconservative
replication of DNA in
prokaryotes.
36
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1958 Taylor - Work on Vicia faba proves semiconservative replication of DNA in eukaryotes.
37
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1960 Katherine Esau - Published
“Anatomy of Seed Plants.”
38
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1961 Melvin Calvin –
Nobel Prize.
39
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1962 Watson, Crick and Wilikins
- Nobel Prize.
40
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1963 Wheat varieties (Sonalika
& Kalyan sona)
introduced.
41
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1963 Two enzyme responsible for
restricting growth of bacterio-
phage in E.coli were isolated.
42
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1966 Derivative of IR-8 &
Taichung native-I
introduced.
43
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1969 Whittaker - Five kingdom
classification.
44
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1971 Govt. of India legalized
MTP.
45
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1971 Diener- Discovered
Viroid (free RNA without
capsid).
46
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1972 Singer & Nicolson - Fluid
mosaic model.
47
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1972 Stanley Cohen & Herbert
Boyer - Formed Ist
recombinant DNA.
48
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1972 Establishment of NCEPC -
National Committee for
Environmental Planning &
Coordination.
49
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1974 Water act.
50
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1980 Joint forest management,
(JFM).
51
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1981 AIDS was Ist reported.
52
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1981 Air act.
53
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1983 Eli Lily (An American company)
produces insulin in E.coli by
recombinant DNA technology.
54
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1984 Establishment of MOEF :
Ministry of Environment
& Forest.
55
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1986 Environment Protection
Act.
56
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1987 Montreal protocol. Held
in Montreal, Canada.
57
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1987 Air act amended to include
noise as an air pollutant.
58
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1988 National Forest Policy.
59
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1989 Montreal protocol
effective.
60
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1990 Ist clinical gene therapy.
61
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1990 HGP launched
62
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1992 The Earth summit : Rio
de Janeiro.
63
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1997 Ist transgenic cow-Rosie. It produces
human protein enriched milk (2.4
grams per litre). The milk contain the
human alpha-lactalbumin
64
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1997 An American company got
patent rights on Basmati
Rice.
65
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1997 Kyoto protocol : Held in
Kyoto(Japan).
66
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2002 World summit. Held in
Johannesburg (South
Africa).
67
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2002 All buses of Delhi were
converted by CNG.
68
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2005 Nobel prize of chemistry
given to „Green chemists‟
Chauvin, Grubbs & Schrock.
69
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