Year 8 Revision

May 2014

COASTS

• Look at page ___________in Geog.2

Backwash

Swash

Note: Backwash is always at right angles to the beach

Swash and backwash

Attrition

Hydraulic action

Abrasion

Corrosion

Processes of erosion

Processes of erosion

Headlands and bays

Cliffs

Caves, arches, stacks and stumps

1

2

3

4

This is a cave (‘Stair Hole’).

This is an arch (‘Durdle Door’).

This is a stack (Old Harry’s Rocks).These are stumps.

This movement of sediment along the coastline is called longshore drift.

Direction of movement

swash

Backwash

Backwash is always at right angles to the beach

Longshore drift

Spit formation

Chesil Beach

Isle of Portland

Chesil beach

The options...

DO NOTHING!

Rip rap

Groynes

Stone revetment

Sea wall

Gabions

PEOPLE AND THE PLANET

• Look at these pages _______in Geog.2 to find this information.......

PEOPLE AND THE PLANET

Population Basics

• Birth rate is the number of births per 1000 • Death rate is the number of deaths per 1000 • Natural increase happens if there are more

births than deaths

• If there are more births than deaths the population will grow. Most countries have a growing population

Will The population in a country grow IF

• Everyone gets better food• War happens• Deadly disease spreads• There is famine and drought• There are more doctors and hospitals• Contraception is provided• Women are educated

Sustainability…

ENERGY AND GLOBAL WARMING

Animation showing the formation of fossil fuels

Impact of burning fossil fuels – Greenhouse Effect

often located in exposed areas such as mountainous regions

Wave

Solar

Geothermal

Wind

HEP

Tidal

Match the statement with the energy source

water stored in dams is released through turbines to generate electricity

located on the coast with a chamber facing the prevailing wind

mirrors concentrate the sun’s rays onto water-filled black pipes

powered by a man-made barrage, usually found across an estuary

heat produced by rocks under the Earth’s surface

heat produced by rocks under the Earth’s surface

water stored in dams is released through turbines to generate electricity

located on the coast with a chamber facing the prevailing wind

mirrors concentrate the sun’s rays onto water-filled black pipes

powered by a man-made barrage, usually found across an estuary

often located in exposed areas such as mountainous regions

GLOBAL WARMING

• Look at these pages _________in Geog.2 to find this information

Global Warming

Are you acting sustainably?

Sustainable development acknowledges that our actions today affect the future and therefore we have a responsibility to protect the Earth and its resources.

Lifestyle and CO2 emissions are linked. How we live can affect the climate.

If we want to preserve the Earth for future generations we need to take personal responsibility to change our lifestyles in response to our knowledge of the effects of climate change.

What can you do?

Sustainability…

ECOSYSTEMS

World biomesThe climate and geography of a region determine what type of biome can exist there. Over time, species have adapted to differences in climate and environment inside each biome.

Can you think of any adaptations species have made to particular biomes?

How Is The Rainforest Structured?EMERGENT LAYER

The tallest trees are the emergents, growing up to 200 feet with huge special roots above the groundcalled buttress roots to support them. Most of these trees are broad-leaved, hardwood evergreens. There is lots of sun here. 

CANOPY LAYERThis is the thickest layer of the forest and forms a roof over the remaining layers.  It's a maze of leaves and branches as the plants grow quickly in the rain and sun and are competing for light.. The trees have straight trunks

UNDERCANOPY LAYERLittle sunshine reaches this area so the plants have to grow larger leaves to reach the

sunlight..There are many giant ferns.

FOREST FLOORHardly any sun reaches the forest floor so almost no plants grow and things begin to decay quickly. A leaf that might take 1 year to decompose, will decompose in 6 weeks.

The Plants Of The Forest

At least two-thirds of the world's plant species, including many exotic and beautiful flowers grow in the

rainforests.

The Animals Of The Forest

The rainforest is home to more than half of the world's animals. Colourful and unusual animals dwell in all four layers of the forest. All types of creatures are represented, from tiny insects to large mammals.

Biodiversity as a resource

The Amazon rainforest has been used by man for centuries and is extremely important on a global scale. But today much development in the forest is unsustainable.

The Amazon rainforest is home to more than 5 million species.

trees are cut down for timbernew medicines can be developed from plantsthe forest provides food and a home for forest inhabitants.

Humans use these species:

Logging, agriculture, mining and road building cause deforestation and the extinction of species.

Broken Nutrient cycle

Deforestation

Fewer leaves fall

Less decomposition (breaking down) of litter by termites, fungi and bacteria

Less nutrients enter the soil

Soil becomes infertile

Less vegetation