Year 7 DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY - Stratford School...(artificial seasoning) method to do this....

Year 7

DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY

TERM 2 LST / HOMEWORK

LST: Your teacher will tell you how many LST questions you will need

to revise. You will be tested at the beginning of every lesson.

DUE DATES:

Task 1 __________________________

Task 2 __________________________

Task 3 __________________________

Task 4 __________________________

Task 5 __________________________

Task 6 __________________________

NAME: GROUP: TEACHER:

DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY - LST 5B Timber Based Materials

Question Answer 1 What is the advantage of using Computer

Aided Manufacture (CAM) to cut timber parts for flat-pack furniture?

Greater Accuracy is achieved in cutting

2 What finishing techniques are suitable for timber?

Varnish, Paint, Wax, Stain

3 The timber industry commonly makes use of large automated machinery for timber conversion, instead of manually operated sawmills. (a) Describe two advantages of using

automated machinery for timber conversion.

Greater levels of health and safety, as the machine operates in dangerous

environments.

The processes of cutting to length, cutting to size, removing waste and sorting

into sizes are streamlined, one system does it all.

The machines have greater levels of repetitive accuracy, work 24/7.

Machines do not get tired, work more quickly and so productivity is better.

4 (b) Describe two disadvantages of using

automated machinery. Jobs are lost as machines are brought in that can do the work more quickly

and replace labourers on the ground.

Skilled operators are required; this means that labourers have to retrain to

keep working in the industry.

Machines involved have very high set up costs (however this is usually

recouped through greater productivity).

Machines can break down incurring high repair costs and loss of production

time.

5 Give one problem that arises when faults are found in pre-manufactured timber?

Less workable material; more waste is created.

6 A furniture maker has chosen to make a chest of drawers out of oak. They will make it in their workshop and then deliver it to the client who will be using it in a bedroom. The oak will need to be seasoned (dried) before they can use it.

Give two advantages and two

disadvantages of choosing the kiln drying (artificial seasoning) method to do this.

Advantages:

It is much faster than air drying.

Insects and fungal spores that may inhabit and damage the wood are killed

during this process.

Moisture content of the timber can be brought low enough for internal use i.e.

in a centrally heated house.

Disadvantages:

Kiln dried timber is more expensive, because kilns are very expensive and you

need to be trained to operate them so it is usually done by a third party/skilled

operator.

Less environmentally friendly.

7 Discuss, using examples, how the standardisation of materials, components and fixings affects the way in which designers and makers work.

Materials and components are compatible, standardisation makes planning

and ordering easier, materials and fixings will be available and easily replaced

if necessary, tools and equipment designed to work with standard sizes.

Examples should include mention of fixings or materials and the tools used in

conjunction. For example standard size drill bits, screws and standard

size/shape driver bits or standard size planks and associated

housings/brackets.

8 Suggest the most appropriate manufacturing board for a flat-pack chair kit. Give 1 reason for your choice

Plywood

Inexpensive material; easy to machine; available in large flat sheets, no

weakness in the material caused by wood grain direction.

9 State and explain one method of commercial

production you would use to produce this chair?

CNC routing;

Multiple chair frames could be laid out to make best use of the material and

minimise waste; the chair slots together and so all slots/location points could

be cut in one pass.

10 Give two advantages flat-pack furniture offers the consumer.

Compact and easy to transport

Usually a lower price point

Easy to assemble / only needs simple tools to assemble

Can be taken apart and reassembled easily

11 Explain how a go/no go gauge can be used to check for quality control issues.

A gauge with a maximum and minimum size compared against the workpiece;

if the workpiece falls within these maximum and minimum dimensions; the

piece is accepted and deemed to be of the correct quality.

12 11. Tanalising timber can help extend its life for decades.

(a)State how timber is tanalised.

Timber is immersed in a preservative which is forced into the timber under

pressure.

13 (b)Suggest one way in which tanalisation

helps protect timber. Protects against rot; fungal; and insect attack.

14 What does the term 'timber conversion' refer

to? The process of cutting timber into standard sized planks

15 When converting timber into planks, what do the initials PAR stand for?

Planed all round.

16 Justify one suitable use of PAR timber. Internal applications; including furniture, stairs, door and window frames; since

it has a more aesthetic finish which is also better for the application of paint or

stain.

17 Give one advantage of kiln drying timber

over air drying. The moisture content of the timber can be controlled depending on the end

use of the timber.

It is a much quicker process meaning that it is ready for sale sooner.

With kiln drying lower moisture contents can be achieved than with air drying.

Reduces the chance of insect or fungal attack.

18 State two advantages of having stock forms and sizes of timber readily available.

Components are commonly manufactured to fit and work with stock forms.

Shapes, sizes and quantities are recognised by those who use timber.

Ensures a cheaper supply of standard sized materials.

Available immediately without the need to wait for bespoke materials. The

primary processing has already been completed.

Storage, transportation and handling can be easier since machinery has been

manufactured to work more easily with it.

Processing machinery is commonly set up to work with standard sizes of

materials.

19 A company manufacturing children’s furniture

wants to extend their range to include

high quality educational toys.

Name one suitable material that you would

recommend to manufacture the toys from.

Beech

20

Give four advantages to a manufacturer of using CNC machinery to produce a range of timber based products.

CAD software allows them to plan layouts, minimises waste, fast and efficient,

accurate, doesn't require a skilled craftsman, cost effective after set up costs

are paid off, all processes can be completed in one go.

1

Worksheet 1 Sources and origins

Unit 5B Timber based materials

Worksheet 1: Sources, origins and properties

Task 1

A European company that designs and manufactures wooden kit houses like the one below

has asked you to source materials for the construction of similar houses in the UK.

All materials must be sustainably sourced and be either recyclable or made of recycled

materials.

Suggest a suitable material and its source for the external frame of the house and the

window and door frames:

Material:

Reason for choice:

Source of material:

Carbon is produced with every mile timber travels, and with every process that it goes

through. Describe how each stage of timber production from tree to end product adds to its

overall carbon output.

2

Worksheet 1 Sources and origins


The house builders also design internal fixtures and furniture for the houses. On the whole,

they prefer to use solid timber. How would you suggest they season the timber for this?

Method of seasoning:

What moisture content should this be seasoned to?

What is the reason for your answer?

Task 2

Suggest a suitable timber based material that could be used internally to form the floors.

Material:

Reason for choice:

Source of material:

The company is also considering designing a garden storage shed for the house. Explain

why you would not choose to make this out of chipboard?

1

Homework 1 Sources and origins


Homework 1: Sources, origins and properties

1. Which of the following pairs of production methods are used with manufactured boards: [1]

⬨ Compression and steaming

⬨ Warping and compression

⬨ Compression and lamination

⬨ Suspension and steaming

2. What does the term 'timber conversion' refer to? [1]

⬨ The cutting down of trees once they have reached maturity

⬨ The drying out of timber to a usable moisture content

⬨ The process of cutting timber into standard sized planks

⬨ The manufacture of waste material from the timber industry into boards

3. State and explain two processes carried out in managed forests that help to make them sustainable.

(i) Process: [1]

Explanation: [1]

(ii) Process: [1]

Explanation: [1]

4. When converting timber into planks, what do the initials PAR stand for? [1]

5. Justify one suitable use of PAR timber. [2]

6. Give one advantage of kiln drying timber over air drying. [1]

2

Homework 1 Sources and origins


7. Discuss the possible environmental impact of using chipboard to make

flat-packed furniture.

Your answer should include reference to:

• sourcing the raw material

• the manufacture of the board

• the end of the product’s life

[10]

[Total 20 Marks]

1

Worksheet 2 Working with timbers


Worksheet 2: Working with timber

Task 1

Kitchen cabinet manufacturers frequently use standard components and knock down fittings

to enable their cabinets to be assembled in situ.

Look closely at the image above:

What wood fixing could you use to attach a worktop to the cabinet carcass?

Reason for choice

What type of hinge could you use to hang the doors on the cabinet carcass?

Reason for choice

What fixing would you use to connect a hinge to a cabinet door?

Reason for choice

2



Mathematics extension exercise

One unit carcase measuring 600mm wide and 560mm deep and 720mm high is to be cut

and fabricated from a sheet of chipboard. Using the cutting specification below, show how

the parts would fit efficiently onto a standard sheet 1220mm x 2440mm.

2 x 560mm x 500mm

2 x 720mm x 560mm

2 x 560mm x 100mm

Calculate the area of waste material. (You can assume there is no allowance for kerf.)

Is it theoretically possible to cut two carcases from the same piece of board?

Is it physically possible?

3



Task 2

Look closely at the image above:

Point 1 - What type of joint has been used to join the two pieces that make the peak of the roof?

Reason for choice

Point 2 – The roof is screwed to the body of the box, what is the name of the first hole that is drilled through both pieces of wood to accommodate the screw?

What is the name of the second larger hole that is drilled through the top piece of wood only?

What is the name of the drill bit that is used to make a third shallow hole that allows the head of the screw to sit flush against the wooden roof?

Point 3 - What type of drill bit would you use to create the entrance hole in the front of the bird box?

What type of sander might help you sand the inside of the hole to ensure a smooth surface?

1

2

3

4

4



Sketching extension exercise

Point 4 – The box appears to be butt jointed to the base, what similar type of joint would ensure better location and greater strength than a butt joint alone?

Reason for choice

In the space below, draw an exploded view of the dowelled joint that joins the box to the base.

5



Task 3

Describe, using sketches and annotations, how you would laminate the wooden chair

component pictured below.

What are the advantages of laminated timber over single timber planks or boards?

1

Homework 2 Working with timber


Homework 2: Working with timber

1. Study the picture of the hand-held disc sander shown below. [10]

Complete the table below by identifying a hazard and stating a precaution.

An example has been given.

Hazard Precaution

Long hair could get caught in the disc Ensure long hair is tied back

2. Name each of the following tools. Give details of a specific process where you would

use each tool. [4]

Name

Process

2

Homework 2 Working with timber


Name

Process

3. A timber 'moulding' would be suitable for which one of the following applications? [1]

⬨ Reinforcing a wood joint

⬨ A skirting board

⬨ Shaping a steam bent plank

⬨ A kitchen worktop

4. What is the function of a surform? [1]

⬨ To route a groove in wood

⬨ To remove wood from rebates and recesses

⬨ To smooth a surface

⬨ For the fast removal of material

5. State two advantages of having stock forms and sizes of timber readily available. [2]

6. Briefly explain the process of steam bending a piece of timber. [2]

[20 marks]

1

Worksheet 3 Commercial manufacturing


Worksheet 3: Manufacturing and finishing

Task 1

The two commercially produced benches below are very similar in design however the

bench in figure 1 is made from the softwood pine and the bench in figure 2 is made from the

hardwood oak.

Figure 1 Figure 2

State two advantages of using pine to manufacture this bench?

Name one disadvantage of using pine.

List two advantages of using oak to manufacture this bench?

List one disadvantage of using oak.

2



Task 2

The billiard table is made from natural timber.

Suggest suitable commercial manufacturing techniques for finishing the detail on the sides of

the table, and for producing the legs and the cue.

Reason for choice:

What would be a suitable method of finishing and protecting the table?

Reason for choice:

3



Extension task

The wooden clock has been commercially made.

Why do you think that bright colours have been used for the numbers and hands on

this clock?

What are the risks of using paint on a child's toy?

What can the manufacturer do to ensure the clock is safe?

Task 3

Manufactured board is often used in the production of flat pack furniture.

Give two advantages and two disadvantages of using manufactured board instead of a

natural timber.

Advantages Disadvantages

1

Homework 3 Commercial manufacturing


Homework 3: Manufacturing and finishing

1. Give four advantages to a manufacturer of using CNC machinery to produce a

range of timber based products. [4]

2. A mass produced breadboard has been produced using a CNC router.

(a) Describe two factors that make the board suitable for CNC manufacture. [2]

(b) What quality control measure could a manufacturer use to ensure that all the hole

cut in the board is within a specific tolerance? [1]

2



(c) In the space below, design and annotate a component to explain your answer

to part (b) above. [4]

3. Give two reasons why a manufacturer uses systems to ensure the accuracy

of their products. [2]

4. A company manufacturing children’s furniture wants to extend their range to include high

quality educational toys.

Name one suitable material that you would recommend to manufacture the toys from. [1]

6. Which one of the finishes below is not suitable for use on an external window frame? [1]

⬨ Varnish

⬨ Wax

⬨ Paint

⬨ Stain

⬨ Wood preservative

3



7. When purchasing rough-sawn timber for outdoor use, you may opt to have

tantalised timber.

(a) Explain the process of tanalising. [3]

(b) State two advantages of tanalising timber. [2]

Total 20 marks

Year 7 DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY - Stratford School...(artificial seasoning) method to do this....

Documents

Transcript of Year 7 DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY - Stratford School...(artificial seasoning) method to do this....