Edexcel GCSE Name:

Physical Education Unit 1: The Theory of Physical EducationTime: 1 hour 30 minutes

Tuesday 11th January 2011

5PE01/01

Instructions

• Use black ink or ball-point pen. • Fill in your name at the top of this page

. • Answer all questions. • Answer the questions in the spaces provided

Information

• The total mark for this paper is 80. • The marks for each question are shown in

brackets

Advice

• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it. • Keep an eye on

the time.

• Try to answer every question. • Check your answers if you have time at the

end.

1. Which of the following is a correct definition of cardiovascular fitness:

A a long-term benefit of exercise

B the ability to exercise the entire body for long periods of time

C the ability to use voluntary muscles many times without getting tired

D an effect of regular training (1)

2. Which of the following statements is a benefit of a cool down?

A Increases the production of lactic acid

B Reduces the risk of muscle stiffness after exercise

C Further increases blood flow to the muscles immediately after exercise

D reduces the chance of injury during the activity (1)

3. Which one of the following physical activities is least likely to preventosteoporosis?

A Walking

B Cycling

C Running

D Aerobics (1)

4. In order to achieve a healthy active lifestyle an individual needs to consider several different factors. Which of the following statements best represents a healthy active lifestyle?

A Playing sport and training twice a week

B Walking 20 minutes each day and eating regularly

C Making sure there is opportunity for recovery after activity and eating a balanced diet

D Playing in a football match (1)

5. PESSCLs is an initiative developed to provide an opportunity for people to become or remain involved in physical activity. Which of the following statements represents this initiative?

A Physical education, social sport and competition links

B Physical education school sport and club links

C Physical exercise and school sport club liaison

D Performance, exercise, sport, skill and competency lessons (1)

6. Which of the following options, if taken in the correct proportions, would meet themacronutrient requirement of a balanced diet for a healthy active lifestyle?

A Carbohydrates, fats, proteins

B Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals, vitamins

C Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals, vitamins, water

D Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals, vitamins, water, fibre (1)

7. The performers below are related. Player A is David Beckham and player B is his son Brooklyn. A variety of influences will have an impact on an individual’s choice of activity.Decide which of the following statements, A, B, C or D, identifies the most likely key influence that has had an impact on Brooklyn’s choice of activity.

A Resources

B People

C Culture

D Image (1)

Player

8. (i) Figure 2 shows a lady jogging. Pick A,B.C or D to complete the sentences. Blood flow to the digestive system is ……………………………………… at rest compared with when the jogger is exercising.A the same

Figure 2 B lower

C greater

D decreases (1) (ii) Blood flow to the muscular system ……………………………………… at rest compared with when exercising

A is the same

B is lower

C is greater

D increases (1)

(iii) Reduced blood flow to specific areas of the body is achieved through

A a balanced diet

B blood shunting

C increased blood flow

D an excess of vitamins and minerals in the blood stream(1)

9. As mentioned in Q7 David Beckham has a son Brooklyn. David plays at elite level, while Brooklyn who plays for a local club.

(a) Sketch the sports participation pyramid and identify both the participation and the elite stage

(2)

10. Smoking does not form part of a healthy lifestyle. Explain two of the possible negative effects of smoking on health.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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. . . . (2)

11 One way to improve health is through regular exercise. How does the skeleton allowmovement and provide protection during physical activity?

Movement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (2)

12 Although precautions are taken to reduce the number of injuries in sport, they still happen.Complete the following statements which relate to sport injuries.

(i) In young children a …………………………………….……………………………………………………………. is when a bone ‘bends’ or partially breaks. (1)

(ii) Occasionally, during running events, an athlete may suddenly stop, holding the back of the thigh, clearly in pain. What specific injury are they likely to have sustained?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)

(iii) …………………………………….………………………………. is a technique commonly used to treat soft tissue injuries. (1)

13 Sulliman is a 16-year-old student interested in improving his health and fitness.(a) Explain the term fitness.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (1)(b) Why is it possible to be fit and yet not healthy?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (1) (c) Sulliman was aware that when he started to exercise this caused changes to his respiratory and cardiovascular systems.In the table below:(i) Give an example of an immediate effect of exercise on his:• respiratory system• cardiovascular system.

(2)

(ii) Explain why Sulliman’s respiratory and cardiovascular systems alter in this wayexercise. (2)

System Immediate effect exercise has Why this effect occurs

Respiratory

Cardiovascular

(d) Sulliman wanted to improve his cardiovascular fitness and so designed a PersonalExercise Programme (PEP) based on continuous training.What is the main difference between continuous and interval training?

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………………………………………………… .(1)

(e) Sulliman’s PEP involves a lot of running. Complete the table below by:(i) Naming the missing leg muscles (3)

(ii) identifying the muscle action of the stated muscles (2)

(i) Muscle name (ii) Muscle Action Gluteals

Extend the leg at the knee

Results in pointing of the toes

(f) (i) Which of the muscles in the table above work as an antagonistic pair?

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(ii) Explain the term antagonistic pair in relation to muscle movement.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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14. Different people will have different body types depending, in part, on their lifestyle choices. The participants below all have appropriate body types for the physical activity they participate in.

Complete the table below.(a) Name the body type of each participant shown (3)

(b) State one reason why this body type is an advantage to the participant in their physical activity. (3)

Performer (a)Body Type (b)Reason for advantage

Sprinter

High Jumper

Tennis Player

15. Physical activity and exercise has an impact on the growth and development of body systems. Figure 3 shows the skeletal system of George and his friend whilst they play basketball.

Figure 3

(i) What long term effect does George’s regular participation in basketball and exercise have on his bones?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(ii) Name four weight-bearing exercises, aside from basketball, that George can do to prevent osteoporosis in the future.

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(4)16. Specificity and meeting individual needs are two principles of training. Explain the meaning of each principle and the difference between them

Specificity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Individual needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(3)

17. Which aspect of skill-related fitness is the most important in each of the following situations?

(i) A gymnast running across the floor in preparation for a vault ………………………….. (1)

(ii) A high jumper at take off……………………. (1)

(iii) A goal keeper diving to save a deflected shot on goal …………………………… (1)

18, Name the terms being described in each of the following statements

(i) The number of times the heart beats per minute ……………………….. (1)

(ii) The amount of air breathed in or out of the lungs in one breath

……………………. (1)

(iii) The volume of blood pumped out of the heart by each ventricle during one contraction

………………………………………………………. (1)

19. (i) How does the percentage of oxygen in the lungs differ during inspiration compared to expiration?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (1)

(iii) Why is there a difference in the percentage of oxygen in the lungs during inspiration compared to expiration

………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (1)

(iv) What other significant gas is present in the lungs during expiration?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (1)

(v) What happens to the percentage concentration of this gas during inspiration compared to expiration

………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (1)

20. Name the type of synovial joint found at the elbow and the hip and state the range of movement possible at these joints

(a)(i) Type of joint at the elbow …………………………………………………… (1)

(ii) Range of movement at the elbow 1) ……………………… & 2)…………………………. (2)

(b)(i) Type of joint at the hip …………………………………………………… (1)

(ii) Additional range of movement not possible at the elbow 1) ………………………………. (1)

21. Tournament organizers and officials attempt to minimize risk to performers, however sports injuries do happen. An example is given in the shaded area on the table below. Two other common sports injuries are stated in the table. Complete the table

(a)Describe each of the injuries stated in the table(b)Give a specific sporting example of each type of injury and state why it might

have occurred

Sports Injury (a)Description of injury (b)Example from sport and why the injury may have occurred

Fracture A fracture is a break or crack in a bone Fractured shin as a result of direct force from being kicked in football

Sprain A sprain is

Strain A strain is

(4)

(c) Both of these sports injuries should be treated using RICEWhat do the letters RICE stand for?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. (1) 22. (i) Which type of training method is being described in the box below?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. (1)

(ii) The athlete works anaerobically for some of the training session. Look at the description in the box above and state when the athlete will be working anaerobically.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. (1)

(iv) How does this type of training differ from interval training?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. (1)

(v) During the training session the leg muscles of the athlete are constantly contracting and relaxing. What type of muscle contraction is taking place in the legs whilst running?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. (1)

(vi) Give two effects of this type of regular training in the leg muscles of the athlete

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………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. (2)

23. Describe the characteristics of circuit training and explain how it could be used to improve an individual’s health and fitness.In your answer you may consider:• features of circuit training • improvement in health • improvement in fitness • any other relevant information.

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I include five short sprints every 3 or 4 minutes over a 30 minute run and include sprinting up hills. It is very important that I vary my pace throughout the run, allowing time for recovery during the run as well as afterwards.

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