YEAR 10 MODERN HISTORY

RESEARCH AND

REFERENCINGM S M C C A L L A NT E A C H E R L I B R A R I A N

LEARNING INTENTIONS AND SUCCESS CRITERIA• Learning Intention – To become aware of and understand the Year 10 Modern

History Library Research Pathway - To learn how to access and use the subscription

databases via the SJFC Library - To understand the importance of in-text citation and to learn how to do this in your own assignments

• Success Criteria – Be able to access the Library Catalogue, online databases and

Library Research Pathway– Be able to locate 3 useful resources you could use for your

assignment– Be able to correctly formulate a short paragraph from the resources

provided, and correctly use in-text citation in that paragraph

LIBRARY RESEARCH PATHWAY• Who knows how to get onto the Library Catalogue?

• Who uses the catalogue to find information?• Library Research Pathway

REFERENCING

• Why is referencing important?• What do we need to reference?• What DON’T we have to reference?

(Image sourced from Creative Commons)

REFERENCINGReference when you are using words or ideas from:• books and journal articles;• newspapers and magazines;• pamphlets or brochures;• films, documentaries, television programs or advertisements;• websites or electronic resources;• letters, emails, online discussion forums;• personal interviews;• lecturers or tutors (not always necessary, but check with your lecturer or tutor

about their preferences before you draw on their ideas).• when you reprint any diagrams, illustrations, charts or pictures.

No need to reference:• when you are writing your own observations or experiment results (for example, a

report on a field trip);• when you are writing about your own experiences (for example, a reflective journal);• when you are writing your own thoughts, comments or conclusions in an assignment;• when you are evaluating or offering your own analysis;• when you are using 'common knowledge' (facts that can be found in numerous places

and are likely to be known by a lot of people) or folklore;• when you are using generally accepted facts or information(University of NSW, 2013).

HARVARD REFERENCING

• SJFC Quick Referencing Guide

IN-TEXT REFERENCING

What are in-text citations?• When you include sources in your writing, you need to cite (or give credit

to) the original author.  In-text citations allow authors to credit their sources immediately after they quote them in the text.  This method allows the reader to immediately see the author’s source.

When should in-text citations be used?• An author should include in-text citations whenever he or she directly

quotes, paraphrases or summarizes a source. 

How are in-text citations generally formatted?• In-text citations appear directly after the quoted, paraphrased or summarized

material in parenthesis.  The information within the parenthesis will vary depending upon which referencing system the author is using. At SJFC we use the Harvard system.  Generally, in-text citations usually include the author’s name and page number of the source material.

What else should I know about in-text citations?• When citing research sources in the text, you will need to include a reference

list which will list all of your sources ALPHABETICALLY.  The purpose of a reference list is so the reader can look up your sources for further information.

• Citations or references are important because they are like the addresses where the information resides. If we have the right address we can get somewhere cool and useful. Otherwise we get LOST!

HERE ARE SOME EXAMPLES FROM QUT LIBRARY’S CITE-WRITE WEBSITE

• When you add a citation into your text, you need to include the following information:

– author's family name or name of the corporate source (organisation, government department, etc.)

– year of publication - this is usually in the front pages of a book or at the bottom of a web page (look for the copyright symbol © in the source)

– page number to indicate where you found the information. If there is no page number (e.g. on an internet source) provide the paragraph number or the title of the section heading. Please see the examples. Summaries of information coming from many pages do not require page numbers (e.g. a summary of an argument put forward by an entire chapter, book, or website).

• Use quotation marks when copying the words exactly.• When you have multiple citations to support one

sentence:– separate authors with a semi-colon– there is no set rule regarding the order of the authors

– provide the sources alphabetically by author in the reference list.

• In-text examples:• In an investigation with older drivers

(Perryman and Fitten 1996, 23) …• Perryman and Fitten (1996, 23)

conducted an investigation with older drivers …

• Recent studies show that … (Shaw 2008, 156-157; Epstein and Hanson 2006, 34).

• According to Ernst and Hua … (2011, under "Health and Wellbeing").

• Ng and Shurtleff stated that "…" (2015, para. 3).

HERE’S AN EXAMPLE• Here’s some notes I might have taken from a couple of different sources:

– Hughes, Katherine. (n.d.). “Gender roles in the 19th century”. British Library: Discovering Literature: Romantics and Victorians, n.d. Accessed July 31, 2016. http://www.bl.uk/romantics-and-victorians/articles/gender-roles-in-the-19th-century • Victorian era saw wider gender divide than in past• Two sexes existed in “Separate Spheres”• Women considered physically inferior• However also considered morally superior• Women did not want to be known as a “blue-stocking” (feminist) as it was seen as off-putting to men

– Smith, Michelle. 2014. “Actually, women, you do need feminism.” The Conversation, August 18. Accessed July 31, 2016. http://theconversation.com/actually-women-you-do-need-feminism-30415• Contemporary anti-feminism leaves out reality of limited personal choice that women had only a century ago• Popular Tumblr page “ Women Against Feminism” claims men are now victims of feminism• Categorises feminists as “man-haters” and “lesbians”• Women Against Feminism is “ahistorical”

HERE’S A PARAGRAPH I MIGHT WRITE FROM THESE NOTES• In recent times, there has been a developing trend for young women to

react against feminism or women’s rights movements, with websites such as the Tumblr page “Women Against Feminism” gaining many supporters (Smith, 2014). Michelle Smith argues that these contemporary anti-feminists are inherently “ahistorical”, forgetting, or ignoring, the lack of opportunity for women a mere century ago (2014). Indeed, modern critics of feminism are seemingly oblivious to the disparity existent between the genders in Victorian times, with men and women inhabiting “Separate Spheres” and women considered both physically and intellectually inferior (Hughes, n.d.).

NOW YOU TRY!

• Record the bibliographic information in the right way from the resources provided

• Write a paragraph, or at least a few sentences, from the notes• Remember to IN-TEXT REFERENCE! It’s easy! It’s fun! It’s what all the cool

kids are doing!