w w w . b u d d h a a i r . c o m

B U

D D H A

No. 24 July

2015

Photo: Rohan Shrestha

Monsoon Weather and its Impact on Airlines Flying

1. What is Climatology -hnjfo'_?-Climatology is the science that

seeks to describe and explain the

nature of climate, why it differs from

place to place, and how it is related

to other elements of the natural

environment and human activities.”

–by Critchfield 1987

2. What is weather -df};d_?-Weather is “The day to day state

of the atmosphere consists of short-

term variations of energy and mass

exchanges within the atmosphere

and between the earth and the

atmosphere.”

–Critchfield 1987

3. What is Monsoon?-The word monsoon is derived from

the Arabic word ‘mausim’ or from the

Malayan word Monism, which means

season. The word ‘monsoon’ is applied

to such a circulation, which reverses

its wind direction every six months, i.e.

from summer to winter and winter to

1

W e A t H e r

2

summer. The Arab navigators to winds

first applied the term over the Arabian

Sea between Arab and India, which

blew for 6 months from the Northeast (in

winter) and another 6 months from the

Southwest (in summer).

In meteorology, monsoon signifies

directional shifting of winds from one

season to another. In summer, there is

a warm moist wind blowing from the

ocean towards the land. While during

the winter months a cold and dry wind

originating on land blows seaward.

Monsoon circulation involves a change

of 180 degree in the wind direction.

1. What are pre-monsoon & its impact on airlines flying?

The pre-Monsoon- generally

occurs during April and May. It

is characterized by the highest

temperatures, reaching above 40° C

during the day in the Terai Region and

other lowlands. However, the hills and

mountains remain cool.

This high temperature has a

significant effect on airlines’ passengers,

cargo and baggage carrying capacity.

When temperature increases, density

of the air decreases, meaning air

molecules are further apart from each

other. Aircraft engine performance &

aerodynamic performance decreases.

As a result less power is available for

takeoff and takeoff & landing distance

increases. Payload (passengers +

baggage +cargo) carried decreases.

2. What are summer monsoon (rainy season) & its impact on airlines flying?

The summer Monsoon- a strong

flow of moist air from the southwest,

follows the pre-monsoon season. For

the vast majority of southern Asians,

including Nepalese, the term monsoon

is synonymous with the summer rainy

season. Even though the arrival of the

summer monsoon can vary by as much

as a month, in Nepal it generally arrives

in June, is preceded by violent lightning

and thunderstorms, and lasts through

September.

The SouRCe of SuMMeR MonSoon in nepal iS-

1. The Arabian Sea and 2. Bay of

Bengal

In monsoon there is heavy rainfall,

enroute icing, moving cloud, severe

turbulence, strong gusty winds, severe

thunderstorms & lightning inside the

cloud that is beyond the weather radar

installed in the aircraft’s detection and

ranging limitation. This type of severe

weather must be avoided for the safety

of the passengers & crew and for the

protection of aircraft from possible

damage.

Rain and iTS illuSion To piloTS-flying through heavy Rain- Heavy

rain can affect depth and distance

perception. Rain on the windshield

creates refraction effects that can lead

a pilot to believe that the aircraft is too

high, with the risk of an unwarranted

nose-down correction and flight below

the desired flight path.

Rain at night- increases the

apparent brilliance of the Approach

Light System making the runway

appear to be closer than it really is. The

risk is that a pilot will land short of the

runway threshold.

Runway surface conditions-can

also induce illusions. As a wet runway

Types of Monsoon

Pre-Monsoon/ Hot weather season (March-May)

Summer Monsoon/Rainy season (June-September)

Post-Monsoon/Autumn season (october-december)

Winter Monsoon/Winter season (January-february)

3

reflects very little light, a pilot may think

that the aircraft is further away from the

runway, contributing to the risk of a late

flare and hard landing.

flying through haze/light Rain-Flying

in haze creates the impression that

the runway is further away, inducing

a tendency to shallow the glide path.

When a pilot is in light or moderate

rain the runway may appear indistinct

because of the rain halo effect,

increasing the risk of misperception

of the vertical or horizontal deviation

during the visual segment flown after

transition from instrument to visual

references.

While prioritizing the safety & inflight

service, sometimes the cabin crew may

have to discontinue the inflight service

incase of weather alert from the Pilot-in-

Command. Buddha Air's Safety Policy

clearly states that, if there is a conflict

between safety and service- “safety

comes the first”.

If our cabin crews are unable to

continue the service due to weather-

“From the very deep corner of our heart,

we would like to extend our apology

to our valued passengers those who

haven’t received the inflight service.”

Even though, this monsoon

weather has a negative impact on the

company revenue and goodwill due to

flight diversions and delays, Buddha Air

never compromises safety.

Aviation saying-“ If you think

maintaining safety is expensive then

try accident” and compare it which

costs more. Post monsoon and winter

monsoon winter will be continued in

October issue.

n Capt. a.G Sherpa

Photos Courtesy: agency

cfktsfnLg 9f]sfsf] k+lStdf a:g'ePsf ofq'nfO{ cfktsflng cj:yfdf

ljdfg kl/rfl/sfsf] lgb]{zg / dfu{bz{g

cg';f/ ;xof] u ug{ cg'/f]w ul/ G5 . o;n]

l56f] lg:sgsf nfuL ;xh x'G5 / hxfhdf

ePsf ;a} ofq'sf] ;'/ Iff ;'lglZrttf u5{ .

cfktsfnLg 9f] sfsf] k+lStsf] l;6 cg'/f] w ug] {

ofq'sf nfuL lgDg cfjZostf k'/f ul/Psf]

x'g'k5{ M

!= ofq' !% aif{ jf ;f]eGbf al9

pd]/ sf] x'g'k5{ . !% eGbf sd

pd]/sf ofq'nfO{ cfktsfnLg

9f] sfsf] k+lStdf / ;f] glhs}sf]

l;6 lbg'x'b}g .

@= cfktsflng cj:yfdf c? ofq' /

ljdfgkl/rfl/sfaf6 yk ;xof]usf]

cfjZostf grflxg] ofq' x'g'kg]{ .

#= cfktsflng cj:yfdf aflx/

lg:sbf ljdfg kl/rfl/sfnfO{

;xof]u ug{;Sg] -h:tf] hxfhsf]

9f]sf vf]Ng / aGb ug{ ;Sg]_

ofq' x'g'kb{5 .

$= cfktsfnLg 9f]sfsf] k+lStdf /

;f] glhs} sf] l;6sf] ofq' ljdfg

kl/ rfl/ sfsf] lgb]{zg a'em\g ;Sg]

x'g'kb{5 / cGo ofq'x?nfO{ df} lvs

?kdf hfgsf/L lbg klg ;Sg]

x'g'kb{5 .

%= cfktsfnLg 9f]sfsf] k+lStdf / ;f]

glhs} sf] l;6sf] ofq' zf/Ll/s /

dfgl;s ?kdf ;Ifd x'g' kb{5 .

^= cfktsflng cj:yfdf aflx/ lg:sbf

lgb] {zg k9\g / a'em\g ;Sg] ofq'

x'g'kb{5 .

&= cfktsflng cj:yfdf aflx/ lg:sbf

;xof] u ug{ ofq' ;xdt x'g'kb{5 .

xfd|f ATR ljdfgdf cfktsflng cj:yfdf

ljdfgaf6 aflx/ lg:sgsf nfuL @ j6f

cfktsflng 9f]sf, ! j6f ofq' 9f]sf

-r9\g] / cf]n{g]_ / ofq' 9f]sfsf] l7s

;fd'Gg] ! j6f 9f]sf x'G5 . Beech hxfhdf

cfktsflng cj:yfdf ljdfgaf6 aflx/

lg:sgsf nfuL # j6f Over wing Exit / !

ofq' 9f]sf x'G5 . w

cfktnsflng 9f]sf;DalGw hfgsf/L

t r A I n I n g

4

From the warm welcome on

board, to the sincere gratitude

given by choosing to fly with us,

our crews play an important role in

defining the passenger's experience

of Buddha Air. It is vital that they are

updated and possess the knowledge

of the latest demands of the local

and international aviation standards

and regulations.

Buddha Air's Crew Training

Department is dedicated to

providing quality aviation training,

with Safety and Knowledge as our

top priorities. The department is

responsible for conducting trainings,

developing training programs

and policies required for the

Cockpit Crew, Cabin crew and the

Operational Personnel. The trainings

are conducted within Nepal and

in other Countries. This department

is headed by the Chief of Training

and Standards Captain Pramod

Thapa, who is also an Instructor

Pilot authorized by the Civil Aviation

Authority of Nepal (CAAN). All

the trainings conducted by this

department are approved by and in

line with CAAN.

Buddha Air spends around

US$600,000 annually on skill-

enhancement activities for its crew

members in various training. Apart

from the regular initial, recurrent,

upgrade and different other

trainings, all ATR Pilots of Buddha

Air undergo training and checks on

six axis simulator every six months

at Asian Aviation Training Center,

Bangkok. On the other hand, cockpit

crew of Beech 1900 D undergoes

their Simulator training annually at

Flight Safety international, La Guardia

Learning Center, New York.

Crew Training Buddha air spends around uS$600,000 annually on skill-enhancement activities for its crew members in various training

We believe that our passenger’s

flying experience is further enriched

from the service given by our flight

crew and all Buddha Air staffs. The

Crew Training department ensures

that our flight crew and operational

personnel are competent and

possess the right knowledge to

perform their jobs. All personnel of

Buddha Air are dedicated to Safety,

Customer satisfaction and a high

degree of Professionalism. Crew

Training Department is vital and plays

a significant role in achieving these

values of Buddha Air. w

of q'n] hxfhleq n}hfg] s'g} klg ;fdfg g} Hand Carry Luggage xf] / ;f] ;fdfg Sofljgsf] ofq' a:g] l;6dflysf] ;fdfg sIfdf ;'/lIft;fy /fVg'

k5{ .oxfFx?sf] ;'ljwf / ;'/Iffsf nfuL Hand Carry Luggage sf] cfsf/ / cfoftg

;DalGw lgod kfngfsf] nfuL cg'/f]w ub{5f} .xfd|f Pl6cf/ hxfhdf ofqsf Hand Carry Luggage sf nflu lbO{Psf] clwstd

jhg % s]=lh xf] / ;f] ;fdfgsf] cfoftg @) x !$ x ( O~r leq x'g'k5{ . Ps hgf ofq'sf nfuL Pp6f Hand Carry Luggage dfq 5'6 lbO{{Psf] 5 .

xfd|f p8fgdf jhg / cfotgdf lbO{Psf] 5'6 cg';f/ Hand Carry Luggage lnO{ ofqf ul/lbg' x'gsf nfuL cg'/f]w ub{5f} .

l;6 dflysf] ;fdfg sIfsf 9f]sfx? /fd|/L aGb ul/Psf] x'g'kg]{ s'/f dxTjk'0f{ / xG5 . hxfh xlNnPsf] (Turbulence) a]nf ;fdfg gv:g] / rf]6 gnfUg] ul/ ;fdfg /flvPsf] ;'lglZrt ug'{kb{5 .

hxfhleq lx8\g cK7of/f] x'g] ePsf]n] hxfhsf] l;6x?sf] lardf lx8\g] 7fFpdf Hand Carry Luggage /fVg' x'b}g .

xfd|f lar Po/s|fkm\6df l;6dfly ;fdfg /fVg] sIf gePsf]n] Hand Carry Luggage cfkm\gf] l;6sf] tn /flvlbg' x'g ofq' dxfg'efjx?nfO{ cg'/f]w ul/G5 . ;fdfg 7'nf] cfsf/sf] x'g'x'“b}g / /fd|/L c6\g] x'g'k5{ . hxfhsf] cfktsflng 9f]sfsf] k+lStsf] l;6 d'lg Hand Carry Luggage /fVg' x'“b}g .

To;}n] % s]=lh= ;Dd jhg ePsf / l;6dfly ;fdfg /fVg] sIfdf /fVg ldNg] ul/ lglZrt cfotg ePsf Hand Carry Luggage lnO{ ofqf ul/lbg' x'gsf nfuL xfdL xfd|f ofq'dxfg'efjx?nfO{ ljgd| cg'/f]w ub{5f} .

Any luggage or baggage that a passenger takes into the aircraft cabin represents hand carry luggage, and must be safely kept in

the overhead cabin compartment of the aircraft. For your convenience and safety, we request that you follow the

hand carry luggage rules regarding the size and dimensions of our airlines.

For our ATR, the maximum weight allowed is 5 kg, and your hand carry luggage must be of the following dimensions: 55 cm x 40 cm x 20 cm (20 x 14 x 9ins). One passenger is allowed one hand carry luggage.

Passengers are requested to adhere to the hand carry luggage weight and dimensions that are allowed on our flights. • There have been instances where the hand carry luggage did not

exceed the weight limit, but the dimension of the luggage was too big to fit in to the overhead cabin.

• It is important that the doors of the overhead cabin compartment are closed properly. This is to ensure that the luggage does not fall/ drop off and hurt the people, when the aircraft experiences turbulence.

• Hand carry luggage should not be placed on the aisles of the aircraft as this hinders proper movement of the passengers and crew.

• Our Beechcraft aircrafts are not equipped with overhead cabin compartments. Therefore, passengers are requested to place their hand carry luggage underneath the aircraft’s seat. It should not be bulky and should fit properly. So we humbly request our valued passengers to choose a hand carry

luggage that fits our overhead cabin compartment with the specified dimension not exceeding the 5 kg weight limit.

information Regarding hand Carry luggage

aTR-42 / 72 Beech 1900'd'

“The best safety device in any aircraft is a well-trained crew”

5

6

C o M p l I A n C e

Committedto Safety

Status of operation Safety audit (oSa) findings in 2014

Total Requirements - 958

n non Conformities n Conformities

21.82%

78.18%

Status of operation Safety audit (oSa) findings June 2015

Total Requirements - 958

n non Conformities n Conformities

9.9%

90.1%

Buddha Air redefined the aviation history of Nepal

with the establishment of its Compliance Monitoring

Department. The purpose of this department is to

ensure compliance with all regulatory requirements and

conformity with organizational policies and procedures. This

is performed through internal and external audits.

An audit is a structured, independent and objective

assessment that determines the level of conformity with

specific standards, rules and regulations. Through audits,

our Compliance Monitoring Department determines and

ensures that systems are effective in maintaining control,

Our Compliance Monitoring Department

7

thereby identifying potential unsatisfactory practices or

procedures. Compliance monitoring verifies the existence

of objective evidence by showing adherence to required

processes, to assess how successfully they have been

implemented and to measure the effectiveness of

achieving defined target levels.

Compliance monitoring is done through a combination

of people, procedures, structures and resources that

consistently, effectively and independently monitor its

ability to manage compliance with legal, regulatory and

organizational requirements.

At Buddha Air, our compliance managers and

auditors are all International Air Transport Association

(IATA) certified. It is headed by Captain A.G Sherpa

and Captain Ranjan Suebedi (Deputy). They are experts

of seven operational backgrounds, which include

Cargo, Security, Flight Operations, Cabin Crew, Ground

Operations, Flight Dispatch and Organization (includes

corporate requirements, Safety Management Systems and

Emergency Response Planning). They are

responsible for carrying out audits of

external sub-contractors and internal

audits, random spot checks and

inspections according to an annual

audit calendar.

Our Compliance Monitoring

Department has successfully

completed two external audits of external sub-contractors.

One was auditing the Ground Handling Service at Varanasi

Station for Air India. The second was auditing the Pilot's

Simulator Training at Asian Aviation Training Centre,

Bangkok, Thailand. An upcoming external audit for the

Pilot Simulator Training at La Guardia, New York has also

been scheduled. We have also successfully completed

10 outstations audits at Bhadrapur, Bharatpur, Biratnagar,

Bhairahawa, Dhangadhi, Janakpur, Nepalgunj, Simara and

Tumlingtar, with Kathmandu as a base station. Additionally,

we are in a continuous process to upgrade our standards

to international level. Therefore, an Operational Safety

Audit (OSA) was conducted on 25th July 2014.

The OSA Audit Report is presented in a pie-chart, which

defines Buddha Air's conformity to OSA requirement, which

gives a clear picture of where we were before, and where

we stand now.

Since Buddha Air's first priority is safety, then quality

service, we are committed to fulfill all the regulatory

requirements and internal company

policies, procedures and manuals

to achieve world-class safety. Our

Compliance Monitoring Department

has been playing a key role to

monitor the conformity to company's

internal requirements and regulatory

requirements. w

SECURITY

GROUND

FLIGHT O

PS.

TRAINING

CABIN

Published by: Buddha Air Pvt. Ltd., Jawalakhel, Lalitpur, Nepal | Editor: Captain Gaurav Bohara

The crucial phases of flight for any aircrafts are the takeoff and

landing. These phases require the full attention of the cabin

crew, and the pilots need to constantly communicate with air

traffic controllers and need to have correct readings on the flight

instruments. The flight instruments operate through transmitting

and receiving radio signals that are susceptible to interference

from devices (like mobile phones) which operate through radio

frequency.

So when many passengers are using their mobile phones, the

radio frequencies emitted by the mobile phones interfere with

the aircraft’s communication and electronic systems resulting in

faulty readings on the flight instruments. In fact, a report by the

International Air Transport Association (IATA) from 2003 to 2009

has revealed that there are 75 safety incidents linked to the use of

electronic devices which interfered with

flight controls affecting the autopilot,

landing gear and navigation systems.

Furthermore, most mobile towers

cannot provide the range and coverage

for passengers to communicate using

their mobile phones. Even if the call

went through, the conversation would

be choppy as the signal from the towers

would not be strong. This leads to many

passengers on board, talking loudly, trying to get their voices

through to the receivers’ end.

Also, mobile phones and other electronic gadgets like

tablets and laptops are a major source of distraction. You are

too focused on using your electronic gadgets that you end up

not paying attention to important safety announcements made

by the cabin crew. This can be a bigger problem, especially

when an aircraft experiences turbulence, and your electronic

devices end up being projectile and harming you and the others

on board.

Due to these reasons, it is always advisable that passengers

turn off their mobile phones and electronic devices for a safe

flight. These should be kept in a secured place like your pockets

or the overhead cabin especially during takeoff and landing. If it

is important that your mobile phones be kept on, you can put it

in airplane mode, which disables the phones cellular services but

can be used for offline activities. w

p8fg / cjt/0f r/0f s'g} klg xjfO{ hxfhsf nfuL ;a}eGbf dxTjk'0f{

r/0fx? x'g . of] ;dodf ljdfg kl/rfl/sfx?n] k"0f{ Wofg lbg'kg] {,

kfO{n6n] lg/Gt/ ?kdf Po/ 6«flkms sG6«f]n/;“u ;Dks{ ug'{kg] { / hxfhsf

pks/0fx?af6 ;lx hfgsf/L lng' / lbg'kg]{ x'G5 . hxfhsf pks/0fx?

/]l8of] ;+s]tx? k7fP/ / k|fKt u/]/ ;~rfng x'G5g\ h;nfO{ /] l8of]

lk|mSj] G;Ln] rNg] df]afO{n kmf]gh:tf pks/0fn] c;/ ub{5 . To;}n] ha w]/}

ofq'x?n] df]afO{n kmf]g k|of]u ubf{ lgl:sPsf /]l8of] lk|mSj]G;Ln] hxfhsf]

;~rf/ / ljw'lto k|0ffnLx?df cj/f]w pTkGg u/fp5 h;n] ubf{ hxfhsf

pks/0fx?df q'l6k'0f{ hfgsf/L b]lvG5 .

jf:tjdf cGt/f{li6«o xjfO{ kl/jxg ;+3n] lbPsf] k|ltj]bgdf @))#

b] lv @))( ;Dd ePsf &% j6f xjfO{ b'3{6gfx? hxfh afx]ssf ljw'tLo

pks/0fx?sf] k|of]un] ePsf] eGg] b]vfPsf] 5, h'g c6f]kfO{n6 k|0ffnL,

Nof08lnË u]o/ / g]leu]zg k|0ffnLnfO{ c;/ ul/ p8fg lgoGq0fdf cj/f]w

k'u]sfn] ePsf] eGg] b]vfPsf] 5 .

o;afx]s, ofq'x?n] k|of]u ul//x] sf

df] afOn kmf]gsf nfuL w]/}h;f] df]jfO{n 6fj/n]

g]6js{ k|bfg ug{ ;Sb}g . olb df] jfO{ndf sn

eO{xfn] klg 6fj/n] / fd|f] ;+s] t lbg g;s] sf] n]

jftf{nfkdf cj/f]w eO{/xG5 . To;n] ubf{

hxfhsf w]/} ofq'n] csf]{ kIfnfO{ cfkm\gf]

cfjfh ;'gfpg hf]8n] af] Ng' kb{5 .

df]afO{n kmf]g / c? h:t} 6\ofan]6 /

Nofk6kh:tf ljw'lto pks/0fx? hxfhsf]

;+rf/ k|0ffnLdf cj/f]w k'¥ofpg] d'Vo ;|f] t

x'g\ . ofq' dxfg'efjx? ljw'lto pks/0fdf rnfpgdf Jo:t x'g] x'“bf

ljdfgkl/rfl/sfn] u/]sf] dxTjk'0f{ ;'/ Iff 3f]if0ffdf Wofg gk'Ug ;S5 . hxfh

xlNnPsf] (Turbulence) a] nfdf of] 7'nf] ;d:of x'g;S5 lsgls o;n] ljw'lto

pks/0f rnfpg] ofq' / cGonfO{ klg xfgL k'¥ofpg ;S5 .

oL sf/0fx?n] ubf{ ;'/lIft p8fgsf nfuL p8fg cjlwe/ ;Dk'0f{ ofq'

dxfg'efjx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] df]afO{n kmf]g / cGo law'lto pks/0fx? aGb ug{

cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ . ljz]if ul/ p8fg / cjt/0fsf ;dodf oL pks/0fx?nfO{

;'/ lIft 7f“p cfkm\gf] ks]6 jf l;6dflysf] ;fdfg sIfdf /fVg'k5{ . olb

df] afO{n kmf]g rnfpg' kg]{ 5 eg] km\nfO{6 df]8df /fv]/ rnfpg' k5{ h;n]

kmf]gsf] ;]n'n/ ;]jfnfO{ aGb ul/lbG5 To;afx]ssf ultlalwx? k|of]u ug{

;lsG5 . w

Why Do We need to turn Mobile phones off During Flight?

hxfhdf p8fg cjlwe/ lsg df]afO{n kmf]g :jLr ckm ug{ cg'/f]w ul/G5 <

We value your feedback and suggestions. If you have any, please let us know:

Email: care@buddhaair.comfacebook.com/buddhaair @airbuddha

feedback & Suggestions

F l y I n g t I p s