Yanking the Chain...The Concepts – more details Copyright © 2017 8 h}v }o}PÇ o u v i Business...
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Transcript of Yanking the Chain...The Concepts – more details Copyright © 2017 8 h}v }o}PÇ o u v i Business...
Yanking the Chain - Applying SE Principles to an Organisation’s Value Chain
Simon Perry
INCOSE UK ASEC 2017
Copyright © 2017 by Simon Perry. Published and used by INCOSE UK Ltd and INCOSE with permission.
Overview
1. The Problem 2. The Approach 3. The Solution 4. The Concepts 5. The Viewpoints 6. Examples 7. Next Steps & Observations 8. Conclusions 9. Questions & Further Information
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1. The Problem
• ‘Should we attend the ACME Conference this year?’
• ‘E-Corp want another meeting. We’ve already had three and got no work. Should we bother?’
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The Problem
• Knowing where to apply limited resources for the most return is difficult
• Having a healthy sales funnel is vital
• BUT … what is the best way to use a limited marketing budget?
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2. The Solution
• Apply Systems Engineering principles to understanding our value chain – Developing the Value Chain Framework (VCF)
• Designed to allow us to: – Make informed business decisions through understanding
of our value chain
– Analyse business activities within a business engagement
– Understand relationships between business engagements
– Analyse the value chain for a business activity to see and understand its associated reputation and financial values
– Analyse business activity traceability
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3. The Approach
• Model-based approach adopted – VCF defined using the Framework for Architectural
Frameworks (FAF) and its associated process (ArchDeCon)
• The FAF forces the modeller of a Framework to – Define an Ontology that captures the main concepts
and their relationships
– Define a number of Viewpoints which use the concepts and relationships from the Ontology
• The FAF model of the VCF was used as a basis for generation of a VCF profile in our SysML tool
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4. The Concepts
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«ontology element»Business Activity
«ontology element»Contact
«ontology element»Business Value
«ontology element»Financial Value
«ontology element»Reputation Value
«ontology element»Engagement
«ontology element»Quotation
«ontology element»Purchase Order
«ontology element»Resolution
«ontology element»Failure
«ontology element»Delay
«ontology element»Invoice
0..1
introduces
0..*
1..*
quantifies
1
1
contributesto
0..*
0..1
delays
1
1
directly leads to
0..*
0..1
kills off
1
1
leads to
0..1
1
indirectly leads to
0..*
1
initiates0..*
1
contributes to
0..*
1
leads to
0..11
introduces
0..*
0..*
is raised against
1..*
0..*
contractualises
1
1
indirectlyleads to
0..*
1
directlyleads to
0..*
1..*
0..*
justifies1
The Concepts – more details
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«ontology element»Business Activity
type: BusinessActivityType = XXX-UNDEFINED-XXXcost = £0value = £0
«ontology element»Contact
type: ContactType = LEGACYorganisationphoneemail
«ontology element»Business Value
realised amount = £0
«ontology element»Financial Value
expected amount = £0
«ontology element»Reputation Value
«ontology element»Engagement
{Only one of these would be usedbetween two Business Activities}
{Only one of thesewould be usedbetween a Contactand a BusinessActivity}
«ontology element»Quotation
amount = £0reference
«ontology element»Purchase Order
amount = £0reference
«ontology element»Resolution
«ontology element»Failure
«ontology element»Delay
«ontology element»Invoice
amount = £0type: InvoiceType = ISSUED
realised amountFor Financial Value:
realised amount = SUM (Quotation.Purchase Order.Invoice.amount)
i.e. that total of all invoices raised, via Purchase Orders, for allthe Quotations that quantify a Financial Value.
expected amountexpected amount = SUM (Quotation.amount)
valuevalue = SUM(Business Activity.value) + SUM(Business Value.realised amount) - cost
1..*
1
contributes to0..*
0..1
kills off
1
0..*
is raised against
1..*
1
directlyleads to
0..*
1
indirectlyleads to
0..*
1
leads to
0..1
0..*
contractualises
1
1
contributesto
0..*
1..*
quantifies
1
1
introduces
0..*
1
indirectly leads to
0..*
0..1
introduces
0..*
1
directly leads to
0..*
1
leads to
0..1
0..1
delays
1
1
initiates0..*
0..*
justifies
1
«ontology element»Business Activity
«ontology element»Contact
«ontology element»Business Value
«ontology element»Financial Value
«ontology element»Reputation Value
«ontology element»Engagement
«ontology element»Quotation
«ontology element»Purchase Order
«ontology element»Resolution
«ontology element»Failure
«ontology element»Delay
«ontology element»Invoice
0..1
introduces
0..*
1..*
quantifies
1
1
contributesto
0..*
0..1
delays
1
1
directly leads to
0..*
0..1
kills off
1
1
leads to
0..1
1
indirectly leads to
0..*
1
initiates0..*
1
contributes to
0..*
1
leads to
0..11
introduces
0..*
0..*
is raised against
1..*
0..*
contractualises
1
1
indirectlyleads to
0..*
1
directlyleads to
0..*
1..*
0..*
justifies1
5. The Viewpoints
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Engagement Relationship Viewpoint
Engagement Definition Viewpoint
Contact Information Viewpoint
Business Value
Viewpoint
The Viewpoints
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«viewpoint»Engagement Relationship Viewpoint
«viewpoint»Engagement Definition Viewpoint
«viewpoint»Business Value Viewpoint
«viewpoint»Contact Information Viewpoint
1..*
shows value forbusiness activity from
1
0..*
shows traceabilityfrom contacts tobusiness activitiesfrom
1..*
1..*
shows details ofengagement from
1..*
6. Examples
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• Example Views that are instances of each of the four Viewpoints now follow
• Each View is realised using SysML
• These Views are based on an actual example but have been anonymised for this presentation
Example - Engagement Relationship View
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«engagement»ABC Cars - Supercar Project
«engagement»Inside Ltd - MBSE Development
«engagement»ACME Conference
«initiates»
«initiates»
Example - Engagement Definition View
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«engagement»ABC Cars - Supercar Project
«engagement»Inside Ltd - MBSE Development
«business activity»Consultancy Work
cost = £1000type = PAID_CONSULTANCYvalue = £30000
«contact»Engineering Manager
email = organisation = Inside Ltd.phone = type = NEW
«contact»Technical Lead
email = organisation = ABC Carsphone = type = NEW
«business activity»MBSE Training
cost = £300type = PAID_TRAININGvalue = £8700
«financial value»Expected Course Value
expected amount = £8500realised amount = £9000
«business activity»Framework Consultancy
cost = £0type = PAID_WORKSHOPvalue = £0
«financial value»Expected Workshop Value
expected amount = £5000realised amount = £0
«engagement»ACME Conference
«contact»Sales Manager
email = organisation = Tools'R'Usphone = type = LEGACY
«business activity»ACME Conference Stand
cost = £1000type = NON-PAID_EXTERNAL EVENT_EXHIBITIONvalue = £37700
«direct»
«direct»
«introduces»
«initiates»
«justifies»
«introduces»
«contribute»
«initiates»
«contribute»
«direct»
«direct»
«justifies»
Examples - Business Value View
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«engagement»Inside Ltd - MBSE Development
«business activity»MBSE Training
cost = £300type = PAID_TRAININGvalue = £8700
«financial value»Expected Course Value
expected amount = £8500realised amount = £9000
«quotation»2015-08-21_INS_001
amount = £8500reference = 2015/PDF/2015-08-21_INS_001.pdf
«invoice»2015-09-30
amount = £9000type = ISSUED
«purchase order»PO2015-12345
amount = £9000reference = INSIDE/PO2015-12345.pdf
«contractualises»
«justifies»
«raised»
«quantifies»
Example - Contact Information View
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«contact»Technical Lead
email = organisation = ABC Carsphone = type = NEW
«business activity»Consultancy Work
cost = £1000type = PAID_CONSULTANCYvalue = £30000
«contact»Engineering Manager
email = organisation = Inside Ltd.phone = type = NEW
«business activity»Framework Consultancy
cost = £0type = PAID_WORKSHOPvalue = £0
«business activity»MBSE Training
cost = £300type = PAID_TRAININGvalue = £8700
«business activity»ACME Conference Stand
cost = £1000type = NON-PAID_EXTERNAL EVENT_EXHIBITIONvalue = £37700
«contact»Sales Manager
email = organisation = Tools'R'Usphone = type = LEGACY
«direct»
«direct»
«direct»
«direct»
«introduces»
«contribute»
«contribute»
«introduces»
7. Next Steps & Observations
• Value Chain Framework being implemented as a profile for our SysML modelling tool of choice
• Some automation tasks started to enhance the implementation of the Framework: – Importing of historical data
– Addition of new data.
– Automation of calculations (but see “Observations”)
– Model integrity
– Interrogating the model
– Standard reports
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Observations
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«engagement»ABC Cars - Supercar Project
«engagement»Inside Ltd - MBSE Development
«business activity»Consultancy Work
cost = £1000type = PAID_CONSULTANCYvalue = £30000
«contact»Engineering Manager
email = organisation = Inside Ltd.phone = type = NEW
«contact»Technical Lead
email = organisation = ABC Carsphone = type = NEW
«business activity»MBSE Training
cost = £300type = PAID_TRAININGvalue = £8700
«financial value»Expected Course Value
expected amount = £8500realised amount = £9000
«business activity»Framework Consultancy
cost = £0type = PAID_WORKSHOPvalue = £0
«financial value»Expected Workshop Value
expected amount = £5000realised amount = £0
«engagement»ACME Conference
«contact»Sales Manager
email = organisation = Tools'R'Usphone = type = LEGACY
«business activity»ACME Conference Stand
cost = £1000type = NON-PAID_EXTERNAL EVENT_EXHIBITIONvalue = £37700
«direct»
«direct»
«introduces»
«initiates»
«justifies»
«introduces»
«contribute»
«initiates»
«contribute»
«direct»
«direct»
«justifies»
Observations
• Double or inappropriate accounting
– Particularly a problem for Business Activity value
– When should values be aggregated?
• Exact rules to apply to enable automatic calculations are currently under consideration
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Observations
• Impact of entire organisational overhead on the value chain needs to be considered – “Non-productive" workers, such as managers, are an
overhead that must be mitigated across all paid work – They impact on the ‘cost’ of producing a quotation,
for example – At present not explicitly considered, being rolled into
the calculated cost – It is also worth emphasising here that the Value Chain
Framework is not intended as a replacement for a full financial planning tool, but a simple way for an organisation to visualise its value chain
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8. Conclusions • Wanted to understand our business value chain
– Had to understand what “value chain” meant to them as an organisation
– Used good MBSE techniques to define a value chain Ontology that was the basis of a Value Chain Framework
– Used the FAF to define the VCF – The resulting FAF description of the Framework was used as the
basis for implementing the Framework as a profile in a SysML tool
• Revealed some surprising key Contacts and key Business Activities
• Opposite has also been true • By capturing the value chain using a model-based
approach, it now forms part of our enterprise architecture in a direct way
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Further Work
• Now in the process of populating our Value Chain model with both historical and current data
• Various automation tasks have been started
– To improve maintainability of the model
– To easily allow useful information can be extracted through defined reports
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9. Questions & Further Information
• Contact presenter:
• Follow us on LinkedIn
– Scarecrow Consultants Limited
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Further reading
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