Yan E. Yan E. VikmanVikman

MD, MD, Associate Professor of Associate Professor of Radiology DepartmentRadiology Department

Radionuclide Radionuclide DiagnosticsDiagnostics

20122012

Kh.SMU, Radiology Department

Radionuclide Radionuclide MethodMethod

is a way of research of a functional is a way of research of a functional and morphological condition of and morphological condition of

organs and systems with the help of organs and systems with the help of radioactive nuclides and the radioactive nuclides and the

indicators marked by them. These indicators marked by them. These indicators are named indicators are named

radiopharmaceutical preparations or radiopharmaceutical preparations or radiopharmaceuticals (RDP) radiopharmaceuticals (RDP)

Radionuclide Radionuclide diagnostic systemdiagnostic system

consists of a source of radiation (RDP), consists of a source of radiation (RDP), object of research, the receiver of object of research, the receiver of radiation and the doctor (radiologist-radiation and the doctor (radiologist-diagnostician) diagnostician)

As RadiopharmaceuticalAs Radiopharmaceutical

they name chemical compound they name chemical compound containing in the molecule containing in the molecule

radionuclide which is authorized radionuclide which is authorized for injection to the human with for injection to the human with

the diagnostic purpose the diagnostic purpose

Requirements to RDPRequirements to RDP

to reflect a condition of to reflect a condition of researched organ researched organ (selectiveness)(selectiveness)

radionuclide should have a radionuclide should have a spectrum of radiation of the spectrum of radiation of the certain energycertain energy

to cause the minimal to cause the minimal irradiation (short Тirradiation (short Т1/21/2))

RadionuclideRadionuclide diagnosticdiagnostic investigationsinvestigations

In vivoIn vivo RDP is RDP is

entering in an entering in an organism of organism of the patient the patient

In vitroIn vitro investigation investigation

of blood, of blood, slices of slices of tissue and tissue and discharges of discharges of the patient the patient

Investigations and Investigations and measurements in vitromeasurements in vitro

The first type - The first type - registration of a registration of a radio-activity of radio-activity of blood, blood, excrements, urine excrements, urine or the slices of or the slices of tissue taken at tissue taken at the patient into the patient into which organism which organism has preliminary has preliminary been entered RDP been entered RDP

The second type - The second type - studying of studying of reaction of blood reaction of blood of the patient, of the patient, who was not who was not receiving RDP, receiving RDP, with standard kits with standard kits

Ways of introduction of Ways of introduction of RDPRDP

IntravenousIntravenous Per osPer os HypodermicHypodermic IntraarterialIntraarterial InhalationInhalation InterstitialInterstitial

Clinical Clinical RadiometersRadiometers

radiometer of tissuesradiometer of tissues radiometer of radiometer of biological biological samplessamples radiographsradiographs gamma-camerasgamma-cameras

Clinical radiometryClinical radiometry

this is measurement of a this is measurement of a radioactivity of the whole radioactivity of the whole body or its part after RDP body or its part after RDP introduction in organismintroduction in organism

Gamma-Gamma-RadiometerRadiometer

RadiographyRadiography is method of continuous or is method of continuous or

discrete registration of discrete registration of processes of accumulation, processes of accumulation, redistribution and removing redistribution and removing

RDP from an organism or RDP from an organism or separate organs separate organs

RadionuclideRadionuclide visualization visualization creation of a picture of creation of a picture of

spatial distribution in body of spatial distribution in body of RDP, entered into an RDP, entered into an

organism organism

(gamma-topography) (gamma-topography)

Radiodiagnostic Radiodiagnostic devices for devices for

visualizationvisualization ScannerScanner Gamma-camerasGamma-cameras Single Photon Emission Single Photon Emission

Computed Tomograph Computed Tomograph (SPECT)(SPECT)

Positron (two-photons) Positron (two-photons) Emission Tomograph (PET)Emission Tomograph (PET)

Console of gamma-Console of gamma-camera camera

Detector of gamma-camera in Detector of gamma-camera in a section a section

GeneratorGenerator of of 99m99mTcTc

GeneratorGenerator of of 99m99mTcTc

GeneratorGenerator of of 99m99mTcTc

TEST OF TEST OF 131131I UPTAKEI UPTAKE СС%% = (N = (Nneckneck-N-Nff-N-Npp/N/Nstst-N-Npp) x ) x

100%100%

NormNorm

2 hours - 5-10%2 hours - 5-10%

4 hours - 10-15%4 hours - 10-15%

24 hours - 20-40%24 hours - 20-40%

RADIONEPHROGRAPRADIONEPHROGRAPHYHY

131I-Hippurate 99mTc-DTPA

Tmax = 2 - 6 minutes.Tmax = 2 - 6 minutes.

TT1/21/2

= less than 10 minutes.= less than 10 minutes.

Winter Parameter = AWinter Parameter = A1616

/A/A44 x 100 x 100

%,%,

in norm does not exceed 50 %in norm does not exceed 50 %

RADIOGEPATOGRAPHYRADIOGEPATOGRAPHY

IRL – retention index of liver IRL – retention index of liver (more than 1,7)(more than 1,7)

IRB - retention index of blood (less IRB - retention index of blood (less than 0,7)than 0,7)

IHC - index of hepatic capture IHC - index of hepatic capture (more than 2,7)(more than 2,7)

IHC = IRL /IRBIHC = IRL /IRB

IR - index of removing (more than IR - index of removing (more than 1,2)1,2)

Тint - time of intestine (less than Тint - time of intestine (less than 30 min)30 min)

Radiochronograms at Radiochronograms at cirrhosis and hepatitiscirrhosis and hepatitis

Scintigrams of whole Scintigrams of whole bodybody

Tumorotropic RDP Tumorotropic RDP

111111In-bleomycinIn-bleomycin6767Ga-citrateGa-citrate

7575Se-methioninSe-methionin99m99mTc-(Na)pertechnetateTc-(Na)pertechnetate

99m99mTc-MIBITc-MIBI

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