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Yale Forests News Issue 17 February 2017

Forest Crew began unremarkably this summer, with the routine clearing away of mice kingdoms that rose and fell over the winter in the vans, sheds, and closets of camp. But camp changed forever over Memorial Day weekend, with the great fire of 2016. Among the tales of loss from the disaster, few are as tragic as that of young Yoni Glogower, an apprentice forester who packed all his earthly belongings from New Haven to camp just to have them consumed in the inferno.

However, with spirits and bodies unscathed, the apprentice foresters rose from the ashes as the Phoenix Crew of 2016 and carried on the ancient tradition of Forest Crew with paint guns blazing. The intrepid

crew counted among its ranks Yoni Glogower, Connor Hogan, Lizzie Marsters, Leonora Pepper, Sabrina Szeto, Rebecca Terry, John Van der Stricht, Elliott Vander Kolk, and Matt Viens. Outgoing Forest Manager Julius Pasay supervised this motley crew in the early weeks of summer, but handed over his hardhat in July to the new Forest Manager, Shannon Murray.

The bulk of post-fire cleanup was left to contractors operating bulldozers and backhoes. With the bunkhouses gone, the Forest Crew found accommodations in a variety of tents arrayed around the fenced-off deconstruction areas, keenly aware of which contractors preferred to get a jump on an early workday.

YALE FORESTS NEWSBrought to you by the Yale School Forests

2016 ANNUAL REPORTMark S. Ashton

Director of School Forests, MF‘85, Ph.D.‘90

In this newsletter we have plenty to report in a year that has had some hugely disappointing events and some very encouraging ones.

The Year Behind…….

The most important event that has happened at the School Forests is the fire that burned down two-thirds of our camp buildings (see Photo 1). Gone is the original trilogy of the lower bunkhouse, the recently rebuilt classroom and dormitory and the 2004 rebuild of the kitchen and dining hall area. The Morse House, new garage, bathhouse, and pavilion were all unaffected. It has taken a long time to get our “ducks-in-a-row” with insurance reimbursement and continued back and forth between facilities and the architect determining the best and most efficient approach to the rebuild. The good news is that bids have been awarded and the rebuild (see Photo 4) has started, with the idea of focusing on completing the dining, kitchen and residential bunkhouse

The Rising Phoenix: Forest Crew 2016Summer Crew Report 2016

Connor Hogan, Assistant Forest Manager, MF ‘17

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The great pontificator. Photo by Julius Pasay.

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Apprentice foresters follow Dr. Ashton through the forest. Photo by Connor Hogan.

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buildings by May 15, and the dormitory, classroom, study, staff quarters and living room by June 11! We are crossing our fingers – we have been promised but….

Though a considerable proportion will be covered by insurance, the School is very generously investing in some of the upgrades and an additional building. To cap it all off the re-build will be going on at the same time as the building of the new research campus on the other side of Centre Pike (see Photo 6). Never before have we had such an enormous amount of construction going on at the same time. In addition, the “Class of 1980” Auditorium was built as a meeting hall and theatre this last summer. This was just in time (see Photo 2), as it was used by MODs ’16……yes we held orientation for incoming students last August reverting back to the days of old when everybody was camping - Milford, PA (1901-1925) (see Photo 3); Urania, LA (1917-1940) or Crossett, AR (1936-1966).

In other news our Forest Manager, Julius Pasay MF’14, was selected as a Fulbright Scholar to travel to France and study the traditions of agroforestry. He left us this past July and was last seen eating brie and sipping wine under an ancient chestnut tree. In the summer, Shannon Murray (MEM’14) started taking over as our new Forest Manager such that by the time Julius left she had a firm grasp of the essentials and has since settled in nicely. Among other projects, Shannon will continue to develop the Quiet Corner Initiative (QCI) and in particular the School Forest programs in agroforestry and agriculture. She has taken over helping to develop the the agroforestry demonstration area and the “edible forest understory” garden and we hope that this year we will resume our agricultural internship program for undergraduates to work on a rotation of nearby farms. Unfortunately because of the fire we had to cancel this last year.

Even with the fire we were determined to persevere with both the Apprentice Forester program and faculty, doctoral and masters student research. However, we could only do this by using camping tents and a mobile kitchen – ably maintained by Julius’ brother Marcus. This year the apprentice foresters comprised nine masters students who all worked superbly under trying experiences (see Summer Crew Report). They went through the regular routine under the mentorship of Shannon, myself, and Julius. They were in the Curtis Division this year which for me brings back fond memories of the student foresters of the Curtis Division - 2002 and 2009. I won’t call them out but they will remember! This year the crew marked a total of 539 BDFT across 123 acres of crown thinnings and 52 acres of a variety of regeneration cuts spanning first and second treatments to irregular shelterwoods, and a reworking of the group selection started in 02 “Bigger than Texas” and aptly renamed “Make Texas Great Again”! They were posted

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Photo 1. The day after the fire looking up toward the upper camp building (kitchen, dining room) from the lower bunk house. Photo by D. Hobson.

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Yale Forests News Issue 17 February 2017

north at the end of the summer to work primarily on the Dummerston, VT lands.

Though we were a slimmed down version of what we were in prior years, we still continued with entertainment and education holding forth on a number of workshops and of course our research seminar. The seminar was held under the original tent that started it which brought back a few memories. Unfortunately, for those who remember the catalpa tree, we had to take it down as it developed a very large crack that in a small wind could have come crashing down on top of our seminar. In fact we (me) were in trepidation over our first seminar; with a stiff wind I was paying more attention to the tree than the speaker. All told we still had 14 separate events that comprised seminars, workshops, professional training events, and demonstrations for universities, landowners, schools, and alumni that reached over 300 participants this year.

In our research, faculty and students published 8 peer-review papers. Currently we have 33 separate research projects going on at the

forests conducted by 32 researchers (see research report). Our extension and outreach programs for QCI included another set of stewardship plans making close to 2,900 acres of private forestland under student management. Students are now developing strategic landscape and watershed-scale conservation plans that are intended to be used in the future for land conservation and ecosystem payments for landowners

(see QCI report).

Lastly, our biggest news is that the School has hired Dr. Marlyse Duguid ‘10 MF/’16 PhD as the Thomas G. Siccama Lecturer in Environmental Field Studies. Part of her job is to continue to develop the School Forest research program for students and to further develop our nascent Field Ecology Program for undergraduate students, which took a year off this last year because of the fire. We have secured endowed monies to permanently fund the naturalist program at Yale-Myers and to separately fund research for students at the School Forests.

The Year Ahead…

This year we have the rebuild, the new research lab and the kick-off of the new field ecology program. We will be re-starting our agricultural intern program, our environmental film festival and our fall harvest festival all after a brief hiatus because of the

Photo 3. Camp dining at Grey Towers, Milford, PA, 1909.

Photo 2. Inside the new “Class of 1980” auditorium. Photo by Shannon Murray

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fire. In the fall we will resume our usual tours from visiting universities and practitioners – including the fall camp for the Technical University of Munich.

Next year will be one spent assessing what we have achieved, and developing the next stage of building the School Forest curriculum for students, engaging in new ways

with our surroundings and building programs to engage with our F&ES alumni. It would be nice to celebrate our accomplishments to date at reunion October 6th-8th, 2017 for all those interested in coming to tour the camp.

Lastly, on behalf of all of us at the School Forests, we are so grateful to all those alumni and friends who

donated gifts and money to renovate our facilities. You don’t know how much this means to me personally but I am enormously proud of all our graduates and thankful for the warm encouragement of our neighbors and friends. Thank you.

Photo 4. A schematic illustration of the new campus from the air (top) and from the lower building porch (bottom) (Christopher Williams Architects LLC).

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The traditional apprentice forester work began this year in the Curtis Division, last attended to in 2009, with road and boundary maintenance, followed by forest inventory. The inventory, a thorough assessment of tree canopy, seedling regeneration, and environmental qualities affecting forest growth, imparted to the Crew professional forestry knowledge, including how ticks and bruises can be found in dense mountain laurel.

With inventory completed and reviewed with Dr. Ashton, Director and fearless leader of Yale-Myers Forest, the Crew began management prescriptions and timber marking. The Curtis Division has a variety of forest types and ages, allowing for the application of numerous silvicultural prescriptions. Among the more interesting prescriptions, the Crew marked a low thinning in a larch plantation established by former dean

of F&ES, François Mergen, in the mid 1960s. We also marked a femelschlag, a technique for incrementally expanding gaps in the forest canopy, in order to enhance the age-class and structural diversity of a nearby forest stand. With paint guns in hand, the Forest Crew displayed a variety of artistic talent with tree markings resembling works from Jackson Pollock to Claude Monet to Rembrandt. Dr. Ashton was impressed.

Interspersed among the Crew’s summer tasks were a handful of workshops to enhance the students’ knowledge of insects, fungi, and birds, as well as log scaling, tree volume estimation, and timber marking. Fortunately, Dr. Ashton also saw fit to teach us each Monday evening how to take a break from forest work and enjoy fine fare and drink from his deck.

After 10 weeks in Connecticut, the Forest Crew moved north to Yale forestland of Yale Toumey Forest in Keene, New Hampshire and Crowell Forest in Dummerston, Vermont to flex their developing, paint-spattered forestry muscles without the direct supervision of Shannon or Dr. Ashton. Forests were inventoried, trees were marked, mountains were hiked, and rivers were swum.

The Forest Crew ended in style with a last weekend visit to the mountain-ringed property of David Cromwell, professor emeritus of the School of Management. From this outpost in the White Mountain National Forest, Crew members hiked, swam, and paddled to immerse themselves a final time before delving into professional lives or returning to New Haven for a second year of F&ES.

Photo 5. Camp dining under the “Class of 1980” Pavilion, Summer 2016. Photo by Mark Ashton.

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The first Still River pine of the season in the Carly Simon sale. Photo by Julius Pasay

It’s been a busy year at the Yale Forests, with major changes at the Yale-Myers camp, a new group of student Apprentice Foresters, and continued work on our agroforestry demonstration area. Timber sales have been moving forward this winter on the drier sites, with some logistical adjustments due to the warm winter this year.

At Yale-MyersBuildings and Grounds

The Summer 2016 season (and the start of my tenure as Forest Manager) began with an unexpected event, when a fire tore through the three main buildings at Yale-Myers Camp over the Memorial Day weekend. After a brief delay in which Julius Pasay (the outgoing Forest Manager and MF ‘14) led the effort to reorganize the summer schedule and living arrangements at camp, students and researchers were able to start their field season. Tents and a mobile kitchen were set up and the rubble was cleared away. A new timber frame auditorium was built over the course of the summer by Eli Gould (Yale College ’94) of PreCraft Services LLC, West Brattleboro VT, and was in place to host the MODs orientation for incoming students. The structure (which had already been a planned addition to the camp) was funded by the Class of 1980, and much of the wood was sourced from within a few miles of the site.

Efforts to plan the rebuild began almost immediately, and we are now moving forward with construction at the site. Aesthetically, the camp will resemble the buildings that were lost in the fire — with green roofs, white exteriors, and long front porches angled toward the sun (see Photo 2). The building

containing the classroom and bunks that was completed in 2013 will be replicated according to the original drawings. However, there will also be a few architectural changes with this redesign. The bunkhouse will feature back-to-back “cabin style” rooms that will each house two people, as opposed to the long, open rooms that were in the original 1930 bunks. The new building in place of the original “upper camp building” will be a stand alone kitchen and dining area with fireplace that creates more floor space for each of these rooms. A new fourth building will be created on the site of the old wet lab, which is being demolished to make way for a living room, office/library, and staff quarters. Simultaneously, a new research campus is being built across Centre Pike on French Road. This new space will provide lab and workspace for students, faculty and visiting researchers. The current timeline has buildings ready for Summer 2017.

The 2016 Forest Crew

The Curtis Division, approximately 1,000 acres of land to the west of Yale-Myers Camp, was the focus of this year’s Forest Crew. Nine 1st- and 2nd year masters students in the Apprentice Forester program took on the task of inventorying and managing this division, marking a total of 539 MBF of pine, hemlock, and hardwood sawtimber. Roughly ¼ of the standing volume at Yale-Myers is hemlock, and a significant percentage of that total is located in the Curtis Division.

The first harvest of the summer was marked west of Branch Brook, a 35-acre crown thinning that contains a large reserve that contains both wetlands and an upland reserve.

The thinning, on this rolling topography was designed to retain diverse structure and buffers along drainages in order to prevent erosion and protect water quality. Up the road, the final shelterwood entry of “Dyslexic Duo” will remove a total of 50 MBF. The majority of this volume is excellent-quality red oak, with black oak, hickory, and white pine also benefiting from the initial shelterwood cut in 2009.

This year’s crew also put together a series of harvests along Walker Road using a range of silvicultural prescriptions. “Under the Kilt”, a 2.6-acre heavy low thinning to remove 18 MBF, favored the best-formed canopy trees in a tightly-spaced pine and larch plantation that was planted in the late 1960s. The sugarbush here also received a thinning, and an upland reserve was created to preserve legacy trees around the old Walker homesite. This small sale was paired with the adjacent “Spot-Gun Annie” crown thinning, a pine-hardwood stand where many of the white pine crop trees had been pruned in the past. Nearby, “Schlag Jam” is a 25-acre Femelschlag prescription that combines crown thinning with irregularly spaced gaps to promote regeneration (mostly white pine, in this case). This stand was once pasture and woodlot, and 76% of the harvested volume was hemlock when it was last cut in 1996. The current harvest is designed to create more diverse age class and structure, and now supports a mixture of white pine, hemlock, and oak.

Along the western side of the Curtis Division, 73 acres of hemlock-pine-hardwood received an all-aged group selection with a crown thinning between irregularly spaced gaps to

NEWS FROM THE FOREST MANAGERShannon Murray, Forest Manager, MEM ‘14

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Yale Forests News Issue 17 February 2017

remove 176 MBF. With the goal of promoting advanced regeneration, this treatment expanded gaps that were created during a group selection harvest in 2001 and created new gaps where appropriate. The undulating topography, sheltered cooler pockets, and dominance of hemlock in the stand created a challenge. Directly to the north, two paired irregular shelterwood establishment cuts were marked — “Rhythm of My Heart” and “State of Denali” — for a total of 88 MBF removed across 29 acres north of the Nipmuck Trail.

Agroforestry

The Yale-Myers agroforestry demonstration area (Forest Orchard, Edible Understory Garden, and Mushroom Yard) are continuing to grow. The 2016 Forest Crew assisted with weeding at key points throughout

the summer, and Yasha Magarik (MF ‘18) has taken over management and visioning for the sites this year. In Fall 2016, the Forest Orchard was photographed for a multimedia project that will soon be launched by the Forest Service USDA Northeast Climate Hub. Looking forward, we are working with members of the Yale community across multiple sites to connect agroforestry education and research opportunities and expand future agroforestry resources for the Quiet Corner Initiative.

At Yale-Toumey

A final shelterwood harvest of “Piling On” was marked at the end of the summer, and an adjacent stand will soon be added. This is a plantation in the Swanzey Division that was last harvested in 2004, and is dominated

by both red pine and white pine. A total of 56 MBF was marked last summer to open up growing space for the strong white pine regeneration in the stand.

On A Side Note

Julius Pasay continued to oversee this year’s Forest Crew before leaving his position as Forest Manager in mid-July to start new adventures as a Fulbright Scholar in France. For the past few months he has been traveling and learning about agroforestry — working on a chestnut forest orchard, an almond silvopasture system, and a truffle operation. The School Forests team has been receiving photos and postcards from Julius, and we’re looking forward to his next projects.

White pine regeneration waiting to be released off of Kinney Hollow Road. Photo by Shannon Murray.

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RESEARCH NEWS AND NOTES

Marlyse Duguid, School Forests Research Coordinator and Thomas G. Siccama

Lecturer in Environmental Field Studies, MF ‘10, Ph.D.‘16

This past summer was a challenging one at Yale-Myers in regards to research. A number of researchers were already living at the forest and actively into their field-seasons when the fire burned through camp. Luckily, the laboratory building survived and no experiments were lost, but the logistics of conducting research at Yale-Myers became more complicated. Science must go on, and the fire couldn’t stop our intrepid scientists from soldiering on. Throughout the forest folks were installing seismometers, examining migrating birds, neatly arranging rotting wood, collecting isopods, examining ferns, and engaging in a number of other projects. In fact, with respect to research projects, this summer was one of the more diverse seasons we have seen. I can’t wait to see the results and publications that these studies will generate.

One of my favorite parts of the summer is hosting the research seminar series. It was a little touch-and-go with

only 10 days to figure out what to do without our beautiful seminar room. Ultimately, we channeled the early days of the seminar series, going “old-school” under the big green tent, adorned with ample citronella candles and a portable projector. Craig Brodersen, Professor of Plant Physiological Ecology at F&ES started us out strong with a great talk and some amazing 3D printed tree vascular system props for us to get up close and personal with. YMF research alum Hale Morrell (MESc ’15) came down from Maine to show us the results of her research on bird diversity in shelterwoods, and outgoing forest manager Julius Pasay (MF ’14) gave us an update on the outreach activities of the forest through the Quiet Corner Initiative. Daniel Maynard (PhD ’17) wrapped up the series with a fascinating talk on wood rot. Overall, we had great turnout and enthusiasm, and minimal annoyance from mosquitoes. The line up for this summer is already shaping up to be pretty incredible, mark the dates on your calendar (page 10) and stay tuned for the full list of speakers.

Perhaps the most disappointing research casualty from the fire was the cancellation of our field ecology research internship for the summer. Over the past couple of years we have started to develop a summer research

program at Yale-Myers. College undergraduates work with a number of researchers, rotating through a variety of field ecology experiments and observations. The research experience is complemented by training sessions in natural history. The fire burned through just a couple of days before our interns were set to move in and everyone was disappointed that the program needed to be postponed. We are looking forward to re-establishing and expanding this research internship, welcoming undergraduates from Yale College and Sewanee again, but also opening up the program to other colleges and universities.

As I look forward to the future of research at Yale-Myers I am very excited. There are a lot of developments in the works. This coming year should bring to fruition the building of our new research campus. The vision for the space has been in the works for close to ten years. The plans look awesome, and I can’t wait to see how the space comes together. While the little wet lab has served us well over the years, this new space will offer so many opportunities to expand the cutting edge research we can do at the forest. It truly is an exciting time at the Yale School Forests. Much like the Phoenix rises from the ashes, young and regenerated, so too is

Photo 6. A schematic of the new research laboratory (Christopher Williams Architects LLC).

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AGROFORESTRY AT YALE-MYERSYasha Magarik, MF ‘18

Agroforestry is alive and well at Yale-Myers Forest! The Forest Orchard, a ½-acre plot that was cleared and enclosed in 2013 with generous support from an anonymous donor and sup-ported over the years with Class of 1980 Fund funding, contains 160 living spec-imens comprising 25 different crops, including 15 different tree species. The inventory ranges from pears (Pyrus communis) and apples (Malus domesti-ca) to paw paws (Asimina triloba) and hazelnuts (Corylus americana)! Forest Crew diligently weeded and maintained the site last summer, and last fall the site was surveyed. The U.S. Forest Ser-vice has even photographed the project and interviewed key staff for a region-al climate adaptation guide for local farmers and landowners. Most recently, the Class of ’80 has generously funded

crucial pest protection and weeding equipment to support the young trees during their early (and most vulnera-ble) stage, as well as consolidation and rejuvenation of related agroforestry projects like the cultivation of mush-rooms and edible understory plants.

This year, a major focus has been rigor-ous documentation. By surveying, mea-suring, labeling, mapping, and writing up existing conditions and treatments, we hope to monitor the project more accurately and create a dataset that could serve student and faculty re-searchers and, potentially, landowners seeking to replicate and improve on our techniques. We also hope to create strong institutional memory for future site managers. The focus on documen-tation has also included a long-term (5-10-year) visioning process to develop a

written agro-forest management plan for future site managers.

Finally, we have begun the process of connecting the projects at Yale-Myers to other agroforestry sites at Yale and to the F&ES community as a whole. Together with the managers of the Yale Farm Perennial Berm, the Kroon/Sage Forest Garden, and the Yale Landscape Lab Agroforestry Plot, we have created the Yale Agroforestry Collaborative, a group with many potential avenues for partnership, such as standardized data collection and coordinated student field trips. And, especially once YMF facil-ities are again operational, we hope to bring more students there to experience the beauty, delight, and biodiversity of a bountiful orchard within the forest.

NEWS FROM THE QUIET CORNEREve Boyce, MEM ‘18

We had yet another busy year for the Quiet Corner Initiative, thanks to events happening at Yale-Myers Forest and in New Haven. We started off 2016 with a shiitake mushroom culti-vation workshop at the forest, and we hope the inoculated logs yielded many delicious mushrooms for the program participants!

Summer came with the usual buzz of activity up at Yale-Myers. The Quiet Corner Initiative sponsored a re-searcher to create a landscape-scale report, which prioritizes monitor-ing and removal of specific invasive species in the Quiet Corner given severity of environmental impact and funding capacity. The work should prove important in the future, both as a reference to record future growth and to assist in the management of the

invasives. QCI also held two day-long workshops over the summer. A pro-gram on the butterflies and moths of the area was led by Larry Gall and Ni-cole Palffy-Muhoray of the Entomolo-gy Collection at the Peabody Museum of Natural History. Larry and Nicole brought museum specimens for up-close views during the day, and set up a spotlight once the sun went down to attract moths and other night-flying insects. Bill Yule from the Connecticut Mycological Society led a workshop on mushrooms, in which participants spent the afternoon looking high and low for fungi. At both events we welcomed many faces, both new and familiar, to the forest.

Most recently, students have been continuing to work on land conser-vation in the region, and have been

engaging with non-profit partners and local landowners to share ideas for future action. In early 2017, we were blessed with unseasonably warm and sunny weather for a Horse Logging and Portable Bandsaw Mill Workshop, where Sam Rich, Erika Marczak and Denis Day, along with some beautiful horses, demonstrated small-scale log-ging techniques and wood utilization. Looking ahead, we will be hosting a workshop later this spring (Date TBD, late April or early May) on silviculture and bird habitat, and we would love to see you there! We are also looking for-ward to hosting another QCI Harvest Festival in late September up at the forest, after a brief hiatus last year due to conditions at camp.

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Yale Forests News Issue 17 February 2017

SUMMER SEMINARS 2017 June 15th

June 29th

July 13th

July 27th

FILM SERIES 2017June 20th

July 18th

Refreshments 7 pm, seminars and movies 7:30 pm. Speakers and

movies to be announced.

HARVEST FESTIVAL 2017Late September date TBD

F&ES REUNION WEEKENDOctober 6th-8th, 2017

New Endowed Position in Field Studies to Oversee School Forest Research and Education Programs Marlyse Duguid ’10 M.F. ’16 Ph.D. has been appointed as the first Thomas G. Siccama Lecturer in Environmental Field Studies, a new position at the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies. The endowed position, funded by private contributions from F&ES alumni and friends, emphasizes the teaching of field studies, ecology, and natural history.

Marlyse is no stranger to the Yale School Forests. She is a graduate of the MF program and a “forest crew” alumna. She completed her Ph.D. in forest ecology last year, with the majority of her dissertation research-taking place at Yale-Myers. She also served as Research Coordinator for the past six years. In addition to her master’s and doctoral degrees from F&ES she holds a bachelor’s degree in horticulture from the University of Connecticut.

In her new position, Marlyse will continue to work intimately with the Yale School Forests. She will continue to coordinate the research program at the School Forests. She will also develop a new endowed Field Ecology summer program to take place chiefly at Yale-Myers Forest. The program will train students in natural history and serve as a practicum for methods in field research, providing opportunities for students to participate in ongoing faculty and doctoral research at the forest. She will also oversee the newly endowed Kohlberg Donohoe Research Fellowship Fund— awarding competitive research grants to doctoral, master’s and Yale College students to conduct work at the School Forests. We at the Yale Forests are excited for the additional opportunities for student research and engagement that Marlyse will provide in her new role.

New School Forest ManagerShannon Murray (MEM ’14) came on board as the new forest manager in July 2016. As a graduate student at F&ES, she focused on working lands management and conservation, including linkages with urbanization and land use change. After graduating, she worked with a consulting forestry firm in Connecticut. She also holds a bachelor’s degree with a double major in biology and english from the University of Connecticut. Prior to F&ES, Shannon spent three years working as a farm manager on a 6th-generation family farm.

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THANK YOUWe would like to acknowledge with thanks donations and gifts from various friends and alumni for allowing us to engage the students with our neighbors and for providing both students and landowners with a learning environment focused on sustainable land management. Thank you to hundredds of alumni donors and friends, the Class of 1980, and the USFS State and Private Grants Program.

Follow Yale School Forests on Facebook and

Instagram (@yaleforests)!Top: Fall tree tops in a French Division thinningRight Upper: Larch stumpRight Lower: PorcupineLeft: Horse logging demostrationBottom: Yale-Myers larch thinningPhotos by C. Hogan, S. Murray, and R. Terry.