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Bölüm - 2

Bölüm - 2 Plural Rules

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Plural Rule 1

Most words add ‘s’ to make the plural.

one apple two apples

desk → desks month → months

book → books train → trains

pen → pens name → names

shop → shops friend → friends

chair → chairs teacher →teachers

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Try these… pencil →

door →

cake →

banana →

shoe →

window →

road →

flower →

girl →

plant →

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Plural Rule 2 Add ‘es’ to words ending in ‘ch’, ‘sh’, ‘s’, ‘ss’, ‘x’ or ‘z’ to make the plural.

one box many boxes

wish → wishes beach → beaches

cross → crosses brush → brushes

bus → buses church → churches

dish → dishes glass → glasses

box → boxes watch → watches

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Try these… watch →

pitch →

wax →

class →

gas →

glass →

dress →

bush →

hutch →

quiz →quizzes

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Plural Rule 3 When the letter before a ‘y’ is a consonant, change the ‘y’ to an ‘i’ before adding an

‘es’.

one baby two babies

city → cities berry → berries

pony → ponies family → families

reply → replies lady → ladies

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Try these… daisy →

ferry →

army →

party →

fly →

diary →

cherry →

belly →

jelly →

filly →

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Plural Rule 4 When words end in ‘ay’, ‘ey’, ‘iy’, ’oy’, and ‘uy’ add an ‘s’ to make the plural

one donkey two donkeys

day → days boy → boys

key → keys delay → delays

play → plays guy → guys

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Try these quay →

valley →

tray →

pulley →

toy →

monkey →

trolley →

buoy →

relay →

holiday →

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Plural Rule 5 When words end in ‘f’ or ‘fe’ change the ‘f’ or ‘fe’ to a ‘ves’.

one knife two knives

leaf → leaves life → lives

half → halves loaf → loaves

wife → wives thief → thieves

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Try these wolf →

elf →

loaf →

self →

calf →

shelf →

Exceptions → cliffs, chiefs, roofs, dwarfs and handkerchiefs.

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Plural Rule 6 When a word ends in an ‘o’ and comes after a consonant, add ‘es’ to make the plural.

one tomato two tomatoes

cargo → cargoes mango → mangoes

echo → echoes hero → heroes

volcano →volcanoes torpedo→ torpedoes

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Try these potato →

avocado →

mosquito →

domino →

buffalo →

dingo →

Exceptions → pianos, banjos, solos, radios and Eskimos.

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Plural Rules 7 Irregulars

one child two children

person →people goose → geese

man → men woman → women

tooth- teeth foot-feet

mouse-mice

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Plural Rule 8 Sometimes a word may stay the same in both its singular and plural form.

one fish many fish

tuna → tuna

deer → deer

sheep →sheep

series →series

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Plural Rule 9Uncountable Nouns Air

Chocolate

Hair

Cheese

Blood

Butter

Jam

salt/sugar

Electricity

Bread

water/tea/coffee

Gold

Ice

Meat

Oil

oxygen

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Exercises Singular tree mouse smile factory half postman toy table boy kiss

Plural

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This-that-these-those this (bu), that (şu), these (bunlar), those (şunlar)

This (singular-tekil) and these (plural-çoğul) nesne veya insanın konuşmacıya yakın olduğunu bildirir. 

That (singular-tekil) and those (plural-çoğul) nesne veya insanın konuşmacıya uzak olduğunu bildirir.

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This-that-these-those Examples

This car is very expensive.

This is my umbrella.

This is my friend, John.

What is this?

These houses are very old.

These are tables.

What are these

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This-that-these-those Examples

That woman is very beautiful.

That is my car.

What is that?

Those students are very hardworking.

Those are my books.

What are those?

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Exercises

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Exercises Circle the correct words

This/These band is fantastic.

That/Those singers are awful.

This/These jeans are new.

That/Those CD isn’t very expensive.

This/These album is my father’s.

Don’t open that/those window, please.

Listen to this/these song.

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Exercises

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References Puchta, H . &Stranks, J.(2012). Mind your English. Cambridge University Press.

http://www.primaryresources.co.uk/english/englishA3.htm

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