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Y. Okabe
The Open University of Japan
Y. Okabe
Lifelong Learning in Aging Society
Yoichi Okabe
PresidentThe Open University of Japan
Y. Okabe
The Open University of Japan is…
An accredited university under the dual control of the MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology), and the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications.
A distance education institution that provides educational programs to students through TV, radio and Internet.
An open university which enables anyone to take higher education anytime and anywhere.
A large university at which around 87,000 students are studying.
Y. Okabe
Watching and listening to broadcast lectures
Broadcasting (Open for general)• BS digital broadcasting• Cable television• Terrestrial broadcasting
(Tokyo vicinity area) Internet broadcasting (Open for students
only ← Limit from Intellectual property right) Study Centers
Y. Okabe
The Open University of Japan
Academic Structure
School of Graduate Studies
Faculty of Liberal Arts
Y. Okabe
Undergraduate School
Y. Okabe
No entrance exams Rather severe exam for each lectures 124 Credit: About 20% of whole courses
should be schooling (1 credit each), and other 80% is correspondence courses (2 credit each)
Cheap tuition fee: 24,000Yen (~8,000B) for enrollment fee, 5,500Yen (~1,800B) / credit, total ~700,000Yen (~230,000B)
Y. Okabe
Faculty of Liberal Arts
Facultyof Liberal Arts
Departmentof Liberal Arts
6 Areas of Study
Living and Welfare
Psychology and Education
Society and Industry
Humanities and Culture
Informatics
Nature and Environment
NEWApril 2013 ~
NEWApril 2013 ~
Y. Okabe
Living and Welfare22.8%
Psychology and
Education24.6%Society and
Industry14.4%
Humanities and Culture
15.1%
Nature and Environment
7.0%
Others16.2%
Examples of Subjects for 2012
Some 300 subjects available
Number and Ratio of Regular Students in the 2nd semester of 2012
Course (regular students)
53,599
“Others” consists of those who take the previous 3 courses
※OUJ reorganized types of courses from 3 courses to 5 courses in 2009.
Y. Okabe
Graduate School
Y. Okabe
Graduate School
Graduate School of Arts and SciencesGraduate School of Arts and Sciences
Division of Arts and Sciences (7 Programs)
Division of Arts and Sciences (7 Programs)
Human Life and Health Sciences
Sciences of Human Development and Education
Clinical Psychology
Social Governance
Arts and Humanities
Informatics
Natural and Environmental Sciences
NEWApril 2013 ~
NEWApril 2013 ~
NEWApril 2013 ~
NEWApril 2013 ~
Y. Okabe
Study Centers
Y. Okabe
Regional Study System
50 Study Centers
7 Satellite Spaces
70 Audio Visual Spaces
Y. Okabe
Study Centers in 50 Locations Nationwide
Fukui Study Center
Tottori Study Center
Tokushima Study Center
Nagasaki Study Center
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Study Centers can be used at any time for study purposes.
Classroom lectures Unit accreditation examination
Library study Borrowing study materials from the library
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Find the Smiles of “Study Friends” at Study Centers
Spanish Friendship Society/Chiba Study Center
Social club activities
Y. Okabe
Find the Smiles of “Study Friends” at Study Centers
Field trip
Y. Okabe
ICT in OUJ
Y. Okabe
ICT of OUJ
My job from 2006 after joining to OUJ
Y. Okabe
ICT System in OUJ
E-mail School record system (registration, exam result) Internet delivery of broadcasted lectures BBS Drills for lectures Web-seminar for graduate course SNS (under test) MOOCs (planning)
Y. Okabe
Internet Delivery of Lectures
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
テレビラジオ
About 350 lectures
Y. Okabe
Midterm exam via Web
2010I 2010II 2011I 2011II 2012I 2012II 2013I0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
総人数Web 提出数 ( 人)
Y. Okabe
SNS
Testing stage by myself Twitter: __obake (double underscores)
• Good advertising tool / quick answer for mostly students / show future plan
• Triggering administrative officer Facebook: yoichi.okabe
• OUJ group (> 1,000 members) like (virtual) campus• Good for making virtual groups
No LINES yet
Y. Okabe
MOOCs
Try to kick off JMOOC this autumn MOOC→MOC (How to earn money)
• The model will be very similar to that by broadcasting system (contents can be seen freely but tuition free is necessary for exam and credit)
At least 1 lecture (Japanese language) till next spring
Y. Okabe
Education for Aged People
Y. Okabe19
9619
9719
9819
9920
0020
0120
0220
0320
0420
0520
0620
0720
0820
0920
1020
1120
1220
130
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
25,74426,44926,89237,322
45,84852,42756,33257,21458,77458,78357,02154,95153,01851,06151,04051,41353,33453,599
34,34738,32939,577
34,445
34,228
33,56429,73627,75727,30427,09525,530
24,05523,00022,92424,67124,239
24,97829,595
1,940
1,203 1,521
1,679
1,182
1,074
1,101 1,0691,068 1,513
2,0021,793
1,9081,909 1,558 1,361
1,520
1,360
549 1043 1220 13521393
13521351 1261 1195 1157
11071096
9224 11428 6557 60615682
48934593
4366 4392 41044335
4611
Regular Students / The Faculty of Liberal ArtsNon-degree Students / The Faculty of Liberal ArtsMaster’s Course Students / The School of Graduate StudiesNon-degree Students / The School of Graduate Studies
Changes in Student Composition
62031
6598167990
73446
81258
87065
96942 9851194923 94804
9162887044
838708152182856 82274
8527488901
Y. Okabe
Student Numbers in Japan180, 000
160, 000
140, 000
120, 000
100, 000
80, 000
60, 000
40, 000
20, 000
0
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0S60 61 62 63 H1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 1314 14
15 1516
17
19
22
27
30
32
3435
3940
4142 42
13
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011Student
Enrollment Number
Total 240,076 229,734 226,384 224,314 217,237Private 159,279 151,808 150,490 147,045 140,224OUJ 80,797 77,926 75,894 77,269 77,013
Percentage of OUJ 33.7% 33.9% 33.5% 34.4% 35.5%
1985 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 2011
Number of Correspondence Univ.
Student Number of OUJ
Student Number of Correspondence Univ.
Y. Okabe
Targeted Generation
Other universities focused to students around 20 yrs old
It is now changing very fast but still lots of duty to visit university HQ frequently (mostly for schoolings) which limits the workers / homemakers (female)
OUJ has lots of study centers, and easy to access from any place in Japan
Y. Okabe
Attributes of Enrolled Studentsat Faculty of Liberal Arts including Special Auditing Students:
as of the 2nd semester, 2012
Male44.8%
Female55.2%
Sex
10's3.8% 20's
13.7%
30's21.2%
40's24.0%
50's16.5%
60's ~20.8%
Age
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Population Pyramid 2010 → 2030
2010 203010510095908580757065605550454035302520151050
120 100 80 60 40 20 0 120100806040200
(Age)
120 100 80 60 40 20 0 120100806040200
10510095908580757065605550454035302520151050
(Age)
M F M F
20 years Later
Source : National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, JPSS
Ageing society with a low birth rate will be continue at an accelerating rate. By 2030, it is said, one out of every three people will be over 65 years old.
Ageing society with one out of three will be over 65 years old.
Y. Okabe
Student Enrollement Numbers by Age
15
Student Enrollment Numbers
Age
20 25 30 50 55 70 75 80 85 90 9535 40 45 60 65
Y. Okabe
Big Market in Aged People
35-45: Working students who want to acquire new knowledge (psychology)
35-45: Homemakers (female) who graduated from junior collages
60-65: Retired persons who want to learn new field especially liberal arts
Y. Okabe
High school/high school under
the old system40.6%
Junior college/technical college
23.6%
University/graduate school
34.6%
Teachers6.0%
Civil servant7.7%
Office workers18.5%
Self-employed workers5.2%
Farmers, forestry workers, fishery work-
ers0.4%
Nursers17.6%
Unemployed (including homemakers)
21.8%
Part-time workers9.2%
Students from other universities and schools
8.3% Others5.3%
Attributes of Enrolled Students
as of the 2nd semester, 2012
OccupationEducationalBackground
Y. Okabe
Motivation of Aged People
1/3 of enrolled students more than 45 yrs old has university degrees.
The number of people who contribute to society (NPO, voluntary works, etc.) is 3 times larger than that of the ordinal people in the same generation.
Y. Okabe
(4.1%)
(5.1%)
(3. 2%)
(0.08%)
(0.04%)
(0.002%)
28.6%
29. 2%
47. 3%
54. 2%
25.0%
39. 3%
71.4%
70. 8%
52.7%
45. 8%
75.0%
60.7%
Senior People Study for their Career Formation
Source : Recruit Works Institute ‘2011 Survey Report on employment issue of 40’s to 70’s’
11,190 people
5,246 people
2,186 people
Figures in bracket are the ratio in proportion to the labor population.
● presence or absence of motivation to learn
underlying needs
actual needs
Lack motivation to learn Have motivation to learn
560,000 people
586,000 people
409,000 people
35-44
45-54
55-64
40-4445-5455-64
65-7475-79total
Y. Okabe
Graduate Schools Student Enrollment Number by age
More than 40 More than 50 More than 55 More than 60
2012 OUJ Graduate Student Enrollment Numbers
2012 Graduate Student Enrollment Numbers in Japan
Under 30 30 34~ 35 39~ 40 44~ 45 49~ 50 54~ 55 60~ 61 or over Total 40 or Over 50 or Over 55 or Over
MEXT, School Basic Survey 2012Graduate Student Enrollment Numbers 68490 2078 1399 1025 798 509 384 302 74985 3018 1195 686
OUJ Graduate Student EnrollmentNumbers 24 29 43 53 67 61 41 76 394 298 178 117
Percentage of OUJ Graduate School 0.04% 1.40% 3.07% 5.17% 8.40% 11.98% 10.68% 25.17% 0.53% 9.87% 14.90% 17.06%
● Based on the Comparison between “MEXT, School Basic Survey “ and “OUJ Student Enrollment Numbers ”
Percentage of OUJ Graduate School
* Enrollment Numbers to OUJ is the data at April 2012
Y. Okabe
Big market in aged generation ICT is next key technology to attract
mid-aged generation ICT is still not familiar to high-aged
generation more than 70
Y. Okabe
ICT for Aged Student
Introductory lectures in regional study centers every year
Supporting system by skilled students in SCs
TV lectures Portable terminals than PCs
Y. Okabe
Conclusion
Big market on aged generation Liberal arts fit for aged people Their learning motivations are quite high Such people has big motivation for
other activities Some aids are necessary for the
promotion of e-learning
Y. Okabe
Thank you for your Attentions
http://www.ouj.ac.jp/eng/
Y. Okabe
1. What is OUJ
Several 10 DL Univ’s in Japan Among them, OUJ is the only ODL Univ.
established by Japanese gov. (60% support) One faculty, liberal arts Students can stay max 10 yrs. 80,000 students (big number of aged people) 350 broadcasted lectures 3,000 face-to-face lectures at 50 study centers
covering whole Japan
Y. Okabe
What is OUJ (cont’d)
What is good?• No entrance exam. (Openness)• Qualified course exam. (Qualified students)• …
What is bad?• Unilateral education by broadcasted lectures• Lack of communication between students (and with
lecturers)• No big library in each study center• …
Y. Okabe
What is OUJ (cont’d)
What is good?• No entrance exam. (Openness)• Qualified course exam. (Qualified students)• …
What is bad?→ICT• Unilateral education by broadcasted lectures• Lack of communication between students (and with
lecturers)• No big library in each study center• …
Y. Okabe
International Trends of OU’s
Mega univ’s mostly in Asia ODL ( Open Distance Learning ) via
internet Still lots of univ’s via R, TV
Lots of net univ’s OER ( Open Educational Resources ) Several univ’s who have no self-made
lectures and relied on OER only
Y. Okabe
2. OER in Japan
Example: JOCW• Most univ’s: Up to several 10 internet video
lectures among several thousand ones• OUJ: several 10 internet video lectures
among 350 ones• 180 TV and 170 radio lectures are fully open by
broadcasting• 90 TV and 170 radio lectures are open on
network only for students
Y. Okabe
Why so less?
Copyrights and/or property rights (historical arts, treasure, sculpture, etc.) are severe and very expensive (several million yen / 1 semester lecture) for broadcasting
More expensive and sometimes strictly prohibited for internet delivery for students
Fully open on internet is more difficult
Y. Okabe
Other Reasons
Financial support from univ’s is relatively low
Professors do not care about internet delivery
OUJ: directors of broadcasting do not care about internet delivery
Government do not care about internet delivery
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Solutions
Raising interest for internet delivery for people in gov., univ’s
Introducing concept of fare-use Encourage creative commons
Y. Okabe
3. Education in OUJ
Digitizaion of broadcasting• Digital terrestrial broadcasting (analog
stopped last July)• Digital BS broadcasting (last Oct.)
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Web Education
Digital library system (2005) Internet delivery of lectures (2007) Webinar for graduate course (2007) Web system for educational affairs (2007) LMS by Moodle (2010) ICT literacy lectures for mostly aged
people (2010)
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Future of OUJ
Aiming a top educational univ. of all Japanese univ’s including DL univ’s• All open contents: OER ( Open Educational
Resource ) by broadcasting and internet• Excellent educational method
Digital text book (2012-2013) SNS for intra univ. communication (2013-)
Y. Okabe
Summary
Brief introduction of OUJ Present situation of OER in Japan
• Very low• Copyrights and/or property rights are key
ICT educational system of OUJ