CURRICULUM OF ENTOMOLOGYFor B.Sc. (Hons) Agriculture

GENERAL COURSES (FOR ALL STUDENTS)

ENT-401 INTRODUCTORY ENTOMOLOGY 3(2+1)

THEORY:

Introduction; phylum Arthropoda and its classification; external and internal morphology and physiology with particular reference to a typical insect; metamorphosis and its types; insect classification, salient characters of insect orders and families of economic importance with examples of each family.

PRACTICAL:

Characters of classes of Arthropoda; Collection and preservation of insects; external and internal morphology of typical insects; temporary mounts of different types of appendages of insects; types of metamorphosis.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Lohar, M.K. 1998. Introductory Entomology, Kashif Publications, Hyderabad, Pakistan.

2. Yousuf, M., 1996. Manual of Introductory Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.

3. Tonapi, G. T., 1994. Experimental Entomology, An Aid to Lab. and Field Studies. C.B.S. Publishers and Distributors, Delhi

4. Mani, M.S., 1990. General Entomology 4th ed.. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.

5. Gullan, P.I. & P.S. Crauston, 1994. The Insects (An outline of Entomology) Chapman & Hall New York.

6. Richards, O.W. and R. G. Davies, 1984. Imm’s General Text-book of Entomology, Vol. I. and II, 10th ed. Chapman & Hall, London, N.Y.

7. Shahid, M. 1984. Lab Mannual of General Entomology. National Book Foundation, Pakistan.

8. Elzinga, R.T. 2003. Fundamentals of Entomology. Prentice Hall. ISBN 0130480304.

9. Jhonson, N.F., Triplehorn, C.A. Borror and Delong’s. 2004 Introduction to the study of Insects. Brooks Cole. 7th ed.

108

ENT-402 APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY 3(2+1)

THEORY:

Introduction; causes of success and economic importance of insects; principles and methods of insect control i.e. cultural, biological, physical, mechanical, reproductive, legislative and chemical; introduction to IPM; insecticides, their classification, formulations and application equipment; identification, life histories, mode of damage and control of important insect pests of various crops, fruits, vegetables, stored grains, household, termites and locust; entomological industries: apiculture, sericulture and lac-culture.

PRACTICAL:

Collection, identification and mode of damage of insect pests of various crops, fruits, vegetables, stored grains and household; insecticide formulations, their dilutions and safe handling; use of application equipment, practical instructions in apiculture, sericulture and lac-culture.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Atwal, A. S., 2005. Agricultural Pests of Southeast Asia and their Management. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.

2. Pedigo, L.P., 2002. Entomology and Pest Management 4th ed. Prentice and Hall Intl. Limited, London.

3. Shah, H.A. and M.A.Saleem, 2002, Applied Entomology, 2nd ed. Izhar Sons Printers, Lahore

4. Hashmi, A. A., 1994. Insect Pest Management. Vols. I, II, III. Pak. Agri. Res. Council, Islamabad.

5. Mathews, G.A., 1992. Pesticide Application Methods, 2nd. Ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. N.Y.

6. Saha, L. R., 1990. Handbook of Plant Protection. Kalyani Publishers New Delhi. 7. P.fadt, E. R., 1985. Fundamentals of Applied Entomology, 4th Ed. The Macmillan

Co., New York.

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SPECIALIZATION IN ENTOMOLOGY

The Committee has proposed the following "TITLES" with credit hours for

specialization in Entomology during III year (5th and 6th semesters) and 4th year

(7th and 8th semesters). These are the "CORE" courses, comprising 55 credit

hours. To fulfill minimum requirements for the completion of the degree, each

university may incorporate more courses according to their needs into their scheme

of studies (Curricula)

The semester wise split of CORE courses is as under:-

B.Sc. (Hons) Agriculture, Entomology 3RD YEAR5TH SEMESTER

Course No. Title Credit Hours

ENT-501 Insect Morphology 4(3+1) ENT-503 Principles of Insect Taxonomy 4(3+1) ENT- 505 Insect Ecology and Behaviour 4(3+1)ENT- 507 Insect Pests of Household, Man 3(2+1)

Animals 6TH SEMESTER

Course No. Title Credit Hours

ENT-502 Insect Physiology 3(2+1)ENT-504 Insect Biodiversity and Evolution 3(2+1)ENT-506 Agricultural Pests Management 3(2+1)ENT-508 Stored Products Pest Management 3(2+1)ENT-510 Beneficial Insects 3(2+1)

7TH SEMESTER

Course No. Title Credit Hours

ENT-601 Pest Forecasting and Management 4(3+1) ENT-603 Plant Resistance to Insect Pests 2(1+1) ENT-605 Insecticides and their Application 4(3+1)ENT-607 Range and Forest Entomology 3(2+1)ENT-609 Agricultural and Environmental Pollution 2(1+1)ENT-611 Preparation of Research Project and 2(1+1)

Scientific Writing8TH SEMESTER

ENT-610 Internship, 15 (0-15)

110

5TH SEMESTER

ENT-501 INSECT MORPHOLOGY 4(3+1)

THEORY:

Introduction; integument and its derivatives; body regions; segmentation, sclerites, sulci and appendages of head, thorax and abdomen in different insect orders; endoskeleton and internal organ systems; exocrine and endocrine organs.

PRACTICAL:

Structure of integument and its derivatives; comparative external and internal morphology of different insect orders. Preparation for illustrations.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Romoser, W.S. 2001. The Science of Entomology. 3rd ed. WCB Inc.2. Chapman, R. F., 2000. The insects: Structure and function (4th ed.). Hodder

and Stoughton Education Ltd., U.K. 3. Tonapi, G. T., 1994. Experimental Entomology. An Aid to Laboratory and

Field Studies. CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, India. 4. Richard, O.W. and R.G. Davies. 1984. Imm’s General Textbook of

Entomology, Vol. I, revised. 10th ed. (Structure, Physiology & Development). Chapman and Hall, London, N.Y.

5. Snodgrass, R., 1935. Principles of Insect Morphology. Cornell Univ. Press., U.S.A.

6. Zombori, L. , Strawmann, H. 1999. Dictionary of Inscet Morphology. De Gruyter.

7. Romoser, W.S. 2001. The Science of Entomology, 3rd Ed. WCB Inc.

111

ENT-503 PRINCIPLES OF INSECT TAXONOMY 4(3+1)

THEORY:

Introduction; history, functions and concepts; tasks of a taxonomist; taxonomic categories; taxonomic procedures: collection, samples and methods of sampling, identification, taxonomic discrimination, taxonomic characters, variations in population; descriptions, taxonomic keys, speciation and phylogenies, preparation of taxonomic paper; code of zoological nomenclature; introduction to numerical taxonomy and cladistics.

PRACTICAL:

Methods of collection, preservation and labelling of insects; preparation of taxonomic keys; identification of insects with taxonomic keys; cataloguing and writing descriptions of identified insects; preparation of phenograms and phylogenetic trees.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Mayer, E. & P. D. Ashlock, 1991. Principles of Systematic Zoology, 2nd. Ed. McGraw Hill Inc. New York.

2. Kapoor, V.C. 1988. Theory and Practice of Animal Taxonomy, 2nd, Ed. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, India.

3. Henning, W., 1981. Insect Pylogenetics. Willy Inter Sciences. U.K. 4. Chamberlin, W. J. 1962. Entomological Nomenclature. Bubaque, U.S.A. 5. The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1985.

International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, adopted by XX General Assembly of the Int. Union of Biological Sciences. Uni. Calif. Press. Los Angles.

6. Daly, H.V. , Doyen J.T. Purcell A.H. Daly, B.B. 1998. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity. Oxford University Press.

112

ENT-505 INSECT ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR 4(3+1)

THEORY:

Introduction; divisions of ecology; habitat and niche; intra and interspecific interactions; natural and agro-ecosystems; flow of energy in ecosystem; trophic relations: Food chain, food web and food mesh concepts; ecological succession; population and its characteristics; introduction to life tables. Types of behavior: reflexes, kineses and taxes; learning; periodicity; patterns of behavior; communications; visual; auditory; tactile; chemical. Territoriality; control of behavior; nervous; endocrine and genetic; biological functions of behavior, host finding, feeding and reproductive, escape, defense, offence and predation; dispersal and migration; dormancy. Diversity indices.

PRACTICAL:

Maintenance and measurement of temperature, humidity and light with different instruments; population estimation and construction of life tables.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Goulson, D. 2003. Bumble bees, Behaviour and Ecology. Oxford University Press.

2. Bourtzis, K. and T.Miller. 2003. Insects Symbiosis. CRC Press3. Parihar, R. 2001. Reproductive behaviour and biology of sex. Dominant4. Southwood, T.R.E. and P.A. Henderson. 2000. Ecological Methods. 3rd ed.

Blackwell Science.4. Yazdani, S. S. and M. I. Agarwal, 1997. Elements of Insect Ecology. Narosa

Publishing House, New Delhi.5. Anantakrishn. 1993. Chemical Ecology of Pytophagous Insects. 504486. Huffaker, C.B. & Robert L. Rabb. 1984. Ecological Entomology. Wiley

Intersciences. 7. Price, P.W. 1984. Insect Ecology. John Wiley and Sons, N.Y. 8. Evans, H. E., 1984. Insect Biology; A Textbook of Entomology. Addison-

Wesley Publishing Company. 9. Atwal, A.S. and S.S. Bains. 1974. Applied Animal Ecology, Kalyani

Publishers, Ludhiana. 10. Daly, H.V., Doyen J.T. Purcell A.H. Daly, B.B. 1998. Introduction to Insect

Biology and Diversity. Oxford University Press.

113

ENT-507 INSECT PESTS OF HOUSHOLD, MAN AND ANIMALS 3(2+1)

THEORY:

Introduction; identification, biology and control of different insect pests like ants, termites, cockroaches, silver-fish, cricket, powder-post and carpet beetles, cloth-moths, psocids, lice, bed-bugs, fleas, mosquitoes, house flies, sand flies, stable flies, flesh flies, blow flies, tse tse flies, black flies, midges etc.

PRATICAL:

Collection, identification, and demonstration of control of different insect pests.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Atwal, A.S. 2005. Agricultural Pests of Southeast Asia and their Management. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.

2. Eldridge, B. 2004. Medical Entomology. Text book of Public Health and Veterinary Sciences. 77095

3. Meds, D. 2002. Venoms and Poisonous Animals. CRC Press.4. Pfadt. R.E. 1985 Fundamental of Applied Entomology, 4th ed. The Macmillan

Co., N.Y 5. Metcalf C.L. and W.P Flint 1978. Destructive an Useful Insects. Their Habits and

control 2nd addition McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc. N.Y.6. Goddard. Physsion Guide to Arthropods of medical Importance. 4th ed. CRC

Press.

114

6TH SEMESTER

ENT-502 INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 3(2+1)

THEORY:

Introduction; physiology of integument, digestive, respiratory, circulatory, excretory, reproductive, muscular and nervous systems; sense organs and perception; sound and light production, Thermoregulation; production and function of hormones and pheromones; embryonic and post-embryonic development.

PRACTICAL: Study of cuticular proteins; physiology of digestion, respiration, circulation, excretion, reproduction, musculature and sensation; hormones and pheromones.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Yadave, M. 2003. Physiology of Insects. Discovery Publishing House, New Delhi

2. Patanaik, B.D. 2002. Physiology of Insects. Dominant Publishers and distributors, Dehli, India.

3. Chapman, R.F. 2002. The Insects: Structure and Function (3rd ed.) Hodder and Stoughton Educational Ltd., U.K.

4. Ashfaq, A. and S. Sohail. 2002. Manual of Insect Physiology. Pakistan Science Foundation.

5. Klowden, M.J. 2002. Physiological Systems in Insects. Academic Prees.6. Tonapi, G. T., 1994. Experimental Entomology. An Aid to Laboratory and

Field Studies. CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, India. 7. Saxena, S. C., 1992. Biology of Insects. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New

Delhi. 8. Cummins, K.W., Lee. D. Miller, Ned A. Smith and Richard M. Fox. 1985.

Experimental Entomology. Reinhold Publishing Corporation, Chapman & Hall Ltd., London.

9. Rockstein, M. (Edit.) 1973-74. The Physiology of Insects. Vol. 1-6, 2nd ed. Academic Press, N.Y.

10. Wigglesworth, V.B. 1972. Principles of Insect Physiology, 7th Ed. Meltron & Co. Ltd. U.K.

115

ENT-504 INSECT BIODIVERSITY AND EVOLUTION 3(2+1)

THEORY:

Introduction; schemes of classification; phylogenetic affinities of different orders; insect adaptation in various geographical regions; insect adaptive radiation and diversity classification of insect orders up to family level with particular reference to insect fauna of Pakistan; progress and extinction. Gene library.

PRACTICAL:

Assessment of existing phylogenetic arrangement of insect orders; collection and identification of insects up to family level with the help of taxonomic keys.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. ----------. 2005. Biology, Ecology and Evolution of Gall inducing Arthropods. 2. Fellows, M. Holloway, G. 2005. Insect Entomology Behaviour. CABI.3. Gupta, R.K. 2003. Advances in Insect Biodiversity. Agrobios, New Delhi,

India.4. Quicke, D. (1993) Principles and Techniques in Contemporary Taxonomy.

Blackie.5. Kim, K.C. 1993. Evolution of Insect Pests: Pattern of Variation. Pak.6. Starr, C. and Taggart, R. (1989) Biology - the unity and Diversity of Life.

Wadsworth Publishing Co.7. Kershaw, D. (1988) Animal Diversity (2nd edition). Unwin Hyman.8. Richards, O.W. and R.G. Davies. 1984. IMM, s General Text Book of

Entomology, Vol. II. 10th ed. (Revised), Chapman and Co. Ltd., London. 9. Ross, H.H., C.A. Ross and J.R.P Ross, 1982. A Textbook of Entomology. 4th

ed. John Wiley and Sons. Inc., N.Y. 10. Afzal, M.; S.A. Mufti. Natural History Research. Pakistan Scientific and

Technological Information Center, Islamabad.11. Daly, H.V., Doyen, J.T. Purcell, A.H. Daly, B.B. 1998. Introduction to Insect

Biology and Diversity. Oxford University Press.

116

ENT-506 AGRICULTURAL PESTS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT 3(2+1)

THEORY:

Introduction; identification, distribution, host plants, biology, damage and control of insect and mite pests of field crops, vegetables and orchards; other important vertebrate and invertebrate pests.

PRACTICAL:

Collection and identification of pests of agricultural importance and their damage; demonstration of control measures.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Ignacimut. 2005. Sustainable Insect Pest Management. 96351. 2. Atwal, A.S. 2005. Agricultural Pests of South-east Asia and their

Management. 5th ed. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana. 3. Emden, H. Service, M. 2004. Pest and Vector Control.4. Altieri, M.A. 2004. Biodiversity and Pest Management in Agro-Eco System,

2nd ed.941955. Horowitz. 2004. Insect Pest Management; Feel and Protected Crops. 99295.6. Hill, D.S. 2002.Pests of Stored Food Stuff and their Control. Kluwer.7. Pedigo, L. P., 2002. Entomology and Pest Management (4th ed.). Prentice and

Hall, Intl., London. 8. Shah, H.A. and M.A. Saleem. 2000. Applied Entomology. 2nd ed. Izharsons

Printers, Lahore9. Upadhyay, R. K., K.G. Mukerji, B.P. Chamola & O.P. Dubey, 1998.

Integrated Pest and Disease Management. A. P. H. Publishing Corp. New Delhi, 695 pp.

10. Hashmi, A.A., 1994. Insect Pest Management. Vols. I, II and III. Pak. Agric. Council, Islamabad - Pakistan.

11. Lohar, M. K., 1994. Handbook of Applied Entomology. Kashif Publications, Hyderabad, Pakistan.

12. Hill, D. S. 1993. Agricultural Insect Pests of the Tropics and their Control (Indian ed.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 746 pp.

13. Pfadt, R.E. 1985. Fundamentals of applied Entomology, 4th ed. Macmillan Publishing Co., N.Y.

14. Davidson, R.H. and W.F. Lyon. 1977. Insect Pests of Farm, Garden and Orchards. John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York.

15. Koul, O. and G.S. Phalimal. 2004. Integrated Pest Management Protection, Constraint and Challenges. CABI Publishers.

117

118

ENT-508 STORED PRODUCTS PESTS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT 3(2+1)

THEORY:

Introduction; Identification, biology and control of different stored products pests. storage principles; types of storages; Factors affecting grain and other products in storages; stored product losses and their prevention.

PRACTICAL:

Visits to the godowns and demonstration of sampling methods and estimation of losses; collection, identification and control of different stored products pests.

BOOKS RECOMMEDED:

1. Hill, D.S.2002. Pests of Stored Food Stuff and their Control. Kluwer.2. Ashfaq, M., M.A. Saleem and F. Ahmad 2000. Zari Agnas ki Mahfooz Zakhira

Kari (in Urdu). Pak Book Empire, Lahore.3. Morriel, W.L.1995. Insect Pests of Small Grains. 614924. Zaklandvoi, G.A. and V.F. Ratanova. 1987. Stored Grain Pests and their

Control. Oxonian Press Pvt. Ltd., London. 5. Anonymous, 1986. Operational Manual for Grain Quality, Inspection and

Quality Control Procedure during Procurement and storage, Govt. of Pakistan, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Co-operatives by R.L. Semple P.A. Hicks, J.V. Losare, and A. Castermans 1992.

6. Anonymous, 1984. Insect and Arachnids of Tropical Stored Products, their Biology and Identification. Storage Department, TAD. R.I., Slough, Berks, U.K.

7. Dichter, D. 1978. Manual on improved Farm and Village level Grain Storag Methods. German Agency for Technical Co-operation (GTZ) W. Germany.

8. Wilbur, D.A. and R.B. Mills and J.R Pedersen. 1977. Manual of Grain and Cereal Product Insects and their Control., Kansas State University, U.S.A.

9. Hall, D.W. 1970. Handling and Storage of Food Grains in Tropical and Sub-tropical areas. F.A.O., U.N. Rome.

10. Rees, D. Insects of Stored Products

119

ENT-510 BENEFICIAL INSECTS 3(2+1)

THEORY:

Introduction; insects of medicinal, food, aesthetic value; insect pollinators and environmental indicators; scavengers, entomophagous and weed-feeding insects; entomological industries; apiculture, sericulture and lac-culture.

PRACTICAL:

Practical instructions in apiculture, sericulture and lac-culture; collection and identification of pollinators, scavengers, entomophagous, medicinal, food, weed feeding and other beneficial insects.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. Sigh, T. 2004. Principles and Techniques of Silk Worm Seed Production. 60328.

2. Sathe, T.V. 2004. Shoots Feeding and Sericulture Trends. 93191.3. Ashfaq, M. and A.Suhail. 2001. Magasbani kay Jadeed Treeqay (in Urdu),

Deptt. of Entomology. U.A.Faisalabad.4. Devillers, J. and M. Phame. Delegue. 2002. Honey Bees. 5. Irshad, M. and R.Ahmad. 2000.Insect Pests and their Parasitoids, Predators,

Pathogens in Pakistan. PIPS (Pvt.) Ltd. Islamabad.6. Ashfaq, M. and W. Akram. 2000. Rasum ke Keeray Palna (in Urdu), Deptt. of

Entomology. U.A.Faisalabad.7. Waterhous, D.F., 1998 Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian

Prospect. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra, 548 pp.

8. Ganga, G., and Chetty, J. S. 1997. An Introduction to Sericulture. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi 302 pp.

9. Hashmi, A. A., 1994. insect Pest Management, Vol. I, Ii & III. Pak. Agri. Res/ Council, Islamabad.

10. Aruga, H. 1994. Principles of Sericulture (Translated from Jabpanese). Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi 376 pp.

11. Krishnawami, S., Narasimhanna, M. N., Suryanarayan, S.K. and Kumaraj, S. 1993. Sericultural Mannual II: Slikworm Rearing. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi 133 pp.

12. Hooper, T. 1991. Guide to Bees an honey BAS Printers Ltd. Hampshir, UK 271 pp.

13. Ahmad, R.1979. A Guide to Bee Keeping in Pakistan. Extension Book.

120

7th SEMSTER

ENT-601 PEST FORECASTING AND MANAGEMENT 4(3+1)

THEORY:

Introduction; population sampling; population fluctuation and its measurement; population models, different methods of insect pest scouting and forecasting; losses caused by insect pests to different crops; methods of control: cultural, physical, mechanical, legislative, chemical, biological, microbial and genetical, alongwith antimetabolites, feeding deterrents, hormones and pheromones; concept of integrated pest management (IPM); economics of pest management.

PRACTICAL: Demonstration of cultural practices and different methods of pest scouting and forecasting; nature and extent of damage; assessment of crop losses by different methods; determination of economic threshold levels of different crop pests; identification of important bio-control agents; installation of light and pheromone traps; computation, preparation and field application of insecticide formulations; familiarity with irradiation techniques.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED: 1. Atwal, A. S. and S. S. Bains, 2005. Agricultural Pests of South East Asia and

their Management. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana. 2. Pimental D. 2002. Encyclopedia of Pest management. Maral Dekker Inc.

USA.3. Peterson, R.K.D and L.G. Sigley. 2001. Biotic Stress and Yield Loss.4. Binns, M.R.2000. Sampling and Monitoring in Crop Protection. CABI

Publishing Co.5. Upadhyay, R. K., K. G. Mukerji, B. P. Chamola and O.P. Dubly, 1998.

Integrated Pest and Disease Management. A. P. H. Publ. Co., New Delhi. 6. House, P., I. Stevens and O. Jones, 1998. Insect Pheromones and their use in

Pest Management. Chapman and Hall, London. 7. Pedigo, L.P., 1996. Entomology and pest management 2nd ed. Prentice and

Hall, Intl. Limited, London. 8. Dent, D., 1996. Integrated Pest Management. Chapman & Hall, London. 9. Metcalf, R.L. & W.H, Luckmann. 1994. Introduction to Insect Pest

Management. 3rd ed. Intercept Ltd. U.K. 10. Hill, D. S., 1993. Agricultural Insect Pests of the Tropics and Their Control.

Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 746 pp. 11. Goodenough, J.L. & J.M. Mckineon, 1992. Basics of Insect Modelling. Amer.

Soc. Agri. Engineers, USA.

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12. Pimental, D., 1991. Handbook of Pest Management I - III. C.R.C. Press Inc. Florida, USA.

ENT-603 PLANT RESISTANCE TO INSECT PESTS 3(2+1)

THEORY:

Introduction; mechanism of resistance: ecological, physiological, asynchrony, induced genetic antixenosus, antibiosis and tolerance; factors of resistance; genetic basis of resistance; effect of environment on resistance; biotypes and resistance; measurement of resistance; development of resistant varieties; role of entomologist in breeding for resistance and transgenic crops.

PRACTICAL:

Testing and measurement of relative plant resistance to insects in different crops and transgenic plants.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Sadasaban. 2003. Molecular Host Plant Resistance to Pests. 90423.2. Pedigo, L.P, 1996, Entomology and Pests Management, 2nd ed. Prentice Hall,

Inc, London3. Panda, N. and G.S.Khush, 1995, Host plant resistance to insects, IRRI,

Printed and Bound in UK, Biddles Ltd. Guildford, UK4. Subba Rao, N.S., C. Balagopalan and S.V. Ramakrishna (Edts) 1992, New

Tends in Biotechnology. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi5. Panda, N. 1980, Principles of Host Plant Resistance to Insect Pests,

Allenheld, London

122

ENT-605 INSECTICIDES AND THEIR APPLICATION 4(3+1)

THEORY:

Introduction; nomenclature, classification on the basis of mode of entry, chemical nature mode of action and toxicity, formulations, compatibility, physico-chemical properties, mode of action, residues, hazards and safety measures of insecticides; structure and working of various types of hand and power operated equipment for insecticide application.

PRACTICAL:

Computation, preparation and field application of different formulations of insecticides; identification, classification, handling and maintenance of application equipment.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Nastic. 2005. Technology of application of pesticides. 98633.2. Saleem, M.A. 2004. Principles of Insect Toxicology. Vol.-I. Izharsons

Printers. Lahore.3. Mathews G.A., 2000. Pesticide application methods 3rd ed. Intercept. UK.4. Ishaaya, I. and D. Degheele, 1998. Insecticides with novel modes of action:

Mechanism and application. Norosa Publishing House, New Delhi. 5. Otto, D., B. Weber, 1991. Insecticides Mechanism of Action and Resistance.

Intercept Ltd., U.K. 6. Brown, A.W.A. 1977. Ecology of Pesticides. John Wiley & Sons.

123

ENT-607 RANGE AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY 3(2+1)

THEORY:

Importance of range in forest entomology in range land and forest ecosystem; insect pests on range and forest trees, their identification, distribution, host plants, biology, mode of damage and control. Competition and complementary role of insects with range livestock.

PRACTICAL:

Collection, preservation and identification of insects pests of forest trees. Practical study of mode of damage and demonstration of control methods.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Jha, K. 2003. Forest Entomology. Ashish Publishing House. India.2. Thakur, M.I., 2000, Forest Entomology (Ecology and Management) S.A.I.

Publishing Co. 3. Dajoz, R. 2000. Insects and Forests. Intercept Ltd. UK.4. Dent, D., 2000, Insect Pest Management, 2nd ed, A.B.I. Publishing Co.5. Barbose, P. and M.B. Wagner, 1989, Introduction to Forest and Shade Tree

Insects, Academic Press, NY, London6. Knight, F.B. and H.J.Heeiknen, 1980, Principles of Forest Entomology,

McGraw Hill, Book Co. NY7. Anderson, J.F. and M.K. Kaya, 1976, Perspectives in Forest Entomology,

Acad Press, NY, San Francisco, London

124

ENT-609 AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 2(2+0)

THEORY:

Introduction; general concept of pollutants; sources and nature of pollutants;

environmental deterioration, its effect on agriculture; green house effect; types of

pollution with reference to agriculture and forest; pesticide and fertilizer pollution; effect

of pollution on soil, water, air, plants, living organisms etc; management of pollution.

Books Recommended

1. Saleem, M.A. and M.Ashfaq, 2004, Environmental Pollution and Agriculture, B.Z. University Press, Multan

2. Hond, F.D. 2003, Pesticides: Problems, Improvements and Alternatives 422213. Suhai, A & S. Ahmad, 2003. A workbook of Agriculture & Environmental

Pollution. Deptt. of Agri. Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.4. Rizvi, S.M.H. 1994. Fundamentals of Environmental Pollution. CBS Publishers

and Distributers. 485, Jain Bhawan, Bhola Nath Nagar, Shahdara, Delhi-32.5. Misra, S.G. and D. Mani, 1994. Agricultural Pollution, Vols. 1 & 2, Ashih

Publishing House, New Delhi.6. Racke, K.D.1993. Pesticides in Urban Environments: Fate and Significance

479987. Gerger, J.J., 1990, Environmental Restoration. Science and Strategies for

restoring the health. EBL Publishers, London.8. Prkash, R and S.M.Choubey, 1990. Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards.

Publication of Society of Biochemistry of India.

125

ENT-611 PREPARATION OF RESEARCH PROJECTS AND SCIENTIFIC WRITING 2(1+1)

THEORY:

Entomological literature; Internet sources and packages of entomological information;

layout of experiments; collection, tabulation, analysis and interpretation of research data;

instruction in research paper, monograph and catalogue writing.

PRACTICAL:

Library exercises in Internet sources of entomological information; collection and analysis of data on field experiments

BOOK RECOMMENDED:

1. Quinn, G.P. and J.K.Michael. 2002. Experimental Design and Data Analysis for Biology. Cambridge University Press.

2. Ghani, M.A. and M. Ashfaq (Edit). 1987, A resume of Post-Graduate Research, 1929-1985. Deptt. of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.

3. Gilbert, I. and C.J. Himalton, 1983, Entomology: A Guide of information sources, Mausell Publishing Co. Ltd.

126

8TH SEMESTER

ENT-610 INTERNSHIP 15(0+15)

(Including report writing and presentation)

Evaluation Chart

1. 25% 75 marks to the supervisor of host institution.

2. 25% 75 marks for reporting, collection and presentation, evaluated by the proposed committee.

3. 25% 75 marks for written examination conducted by the proposed committee.50% from academics and 50% from internship report.

4. 25% 75 marks for oral examination conducted by proposed internal examiner, external examiner / committee.

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