XVI. LIST OF COMMON AND SCIENTIFIC NAMES

Listed below are the scientific and common names of all species identified in the text. The scientific name is usually provided (parenthetically) at the first usage of the common name; subsequently, the common name alone is used throughout the text.

Scientific names are presented in taxonomic groupings to the Order, except for the Monera and Fungi, which are presented only by Phylum. Within Order, scientific names are presented alphabetically. The taxonomies were obtained from the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (U.S. Department of Agriculture et al., 2005), the National Plant Data Center (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2005), the National Biological Information Infrastructure (U.S. Geological Survey, 2006), and the Systema Naturae 2000 (Brands, 2005).

KINGDOM MONERA

Phylum BacteriaVibrio cholera Cholera bacterium

KINGDOM FUNGI

Phylum AscomycotaCryphonectria parasitica Chestnut-blight fungus Fusarium oxysporum Fusarium (wilt) fungus

Phylum OomycotaPhytophthora cinnamomi Cinnamon fungus

Phylum ImperfectiVerticillium spp. Verticillium (wilt) fungus species

KINGDOM PLANTAE

Division BryophytaClass Sphagnopsida

Order SphagnalesSphagnum spp. Bog moss species

Division PteridophytaClass Filicopsida

Order Polypodiales Onoclea sensibilis Sensitive fern

Division ConiferophytaClass Pinopsida

Order Pinales Chamaecyparis thyoides Atlantic white-cedar Larix laricina Tamarack Picea mariana Black spruce

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Order TaxalesTaxus brevifolia Pacific yew

Division MagnoliophytaClass Liliopsida

Order Cyperales Carex pseudocyperus Cypress-like sedge Carex spp. Sedge species Cyperus spp. Sedge species Distichlis spicata Spikegrass Eleocharis parvula Dwarf spike rush Panicum spp. Panic grass species Phragmites australis Common reed Scirpus maritimus Saltmarsh bulrush Scirpus robustus Stout bulrush Spartina alterniflora Smooth cordgrass Spartina patens Salt-marsh hay Spartina spp. Cordgrass species

Zea mays Corn

Order NajadalesPotamogeton spp. Pondweed species

Triglochin maritimum Seaside arrowgrass

Order AralesLemna minor Lesser duckweed

Lemna spp. Duckweed species Peltandra virginica Arrow arum

Order TyphalesTypha latifolia Broadleaf cattail

Typha spp. Cattail species

Order Liliales Pontederia cordata Pickerelweed

Class Magnoliopsida Order Asterales

Baccharis halimifolia Groundsel tree Erechtites hieracifolia Fireweed Eupatorium capillifolium Dog fennel thoroughwort Hieracium kalmii Canada hawkweed Iva frutescens Saltmarsh elder Pluchea purpurascens Saltmarsh fleabane

Prenanthes racemosa Purple rattlesnake-root Solidago spp. Goldenrod species

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Order DipsacalesSambucus canadensis Common elderberry

Viburnum dentatum Arrowwood

Order LamialesPycnanthemum torrei Torrey's mountain-mint Verbena hastata Blue vervain

Order ScrophularialesFraxinus nigra Black ash Utricularia vulgaris Common bladderwort

Order SolanalesNicotiana rustica Tobacco Calystegia sepium Hedge false bindweed

Order Polygonales Polygonum cuspidatum Japanese knotweed

Polygonum perfoliatum Mile-a-minute Polygonum hydropiperoides Swamp (or water) smartweed Polygonum spp. Smartweed species

Order ThealesHypericum adpressum Creeping St. Johnswort

Order EricalesClethra alnifolia Sweet pepperbush Leucothoe racemosa Swamp fetterbush

Order MalvalesHibiscus moscheutos Rose mallow

Order SalicalesPopulus deltoides Eastern cottonwood

Populus spp. Poplar species Salix discolor Pussy willow

Order FagalesAlnus sp. Alder species

Betula populifolia Gray birch Betula spp. Birch species

Castanea dentata American chestnut Quercus bicolor Swamp white oak

Quercus coccinea Scarlet oak Quercus lyrata Overcup oak Quercus palustris Pin oak

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Order Hamamelidales Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum

Order JuglandalesJuglans nigra Black walnut

Order MyricalesMorella (Myrica) pensylvanica Northern bayberry

Order UrticalesCannabis spp. Hemp Ulmus americana American elm

Order NymphaealesBrasenia schreberi Water shield

Nuphar spp. Water lily species Nymphaea odorata Fragrant water lily

Order ApialesHeracleum mantegazzianum Giant hogweed

Order CornalesNyssa sylvatica Blackgum

Order FabalesPhaseolus vulgaris Bean Robinia pseudoacacia Black locust

Order MyrtalesLythrum salicaria Purple loosestrife

Order RhamnalesRhamnus frangula European buckthorn Ampelopsis brevipedunculata Amur peppervine

Order RosalesAronia prunifolia Purple chokeberry

Prunus serotina Black cherry Rubus hispidus Swamp dewberry

Sorbus aucuparia European ash Spiraea tomentosa Steeplebush

Order LinalesLinum spp. Flax

Order SapindalesAcer negundo Box elder

Acer rubrum Red maple

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Order Sapindales (continued) Ailanthus altissima Tree-of-heaven

Ptelea trifoliata Wafer ash Rhus spp. Sumac species

KINGDOM METAZOA

Phylum Nematoda Class Phasmida

Order Ascaridida Baylisascaris procyonis Raccoon roundworm

Phylum Annelida Class Oligochaeta

Order HaplotaxidaLumbricus spp. Earthworm species Lumbricus terrestris Common (European) earthworm

Class Polychaeta Order Spionida

Polydora ligni Whip mud worm

Order SabellidaTerebrasabella hetrouncintata South African shell-boring sabellid

Phylum Arthropoda Class Arachnida

Order AcarinaIxodes scapularis Deer tick

Class Insecta Order Orthoptera

Blattella germanica German cockroach

Order DipteraCalamomyia phragmites Common-reed gall midge

Lasioptera hungarica European univoltine gall midge Lipara spp. Gall fly species Thrypticus spp. Petiole mining fly species

Order LepidopteraLymantria dispar Gypsy moth

Ochlodes yuma Yuma skipper Pyrgus wyandot Appalachian grizzled skipper Poanes viator Broad-winged skipper

Order ColeopteraAnthonomus grandis Boll weevil

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Order Coleoptera (continued)Galerucella calmariensis Black-margined loosestrife beetle

Galerucella pusilla Golden loosestrife beetle Galerucella spp. Loosestrife beetle species

Class Crustacea Order Decapoda

Callinectes sapidus Blue crab Crangon septemspinosa Sand shrimpHemigrapsus sanguineus Japanese shore crab

Palaemonetes pugio Grass shrimp Rhithropanopeus harrisii Estuarine mud crab Uca spp. Fiddler crab species

Phylum MolluscaClass Bivalvia

Order MyoidaMya arenaria Softshell clam

Order Ostreoida Crassostrea virginica American oyster

Order Unioida Alasmidonta heterodon Dwarf wedge mussel Alasmidonta undulata Triangle floater

Lampsilis cariosa Yellow lampmussel Lasmigona subviridis Green floater Leptodea ochracea Tidewater mucket Strophitus undulates Creeper

Order VeneroidaCorbicula fluminea Asian (Asiatic) clam

Dreissena polymorpha Zebra mussel Macoma bathica Baltic macoma clam

Mytilopsis leucophaeata False dark mussel Mytilopsis sp. False mussel species Potamocorbula amurensis Amur River corbula clam

Phylum Chordata Class Osteichthyes

Order AcipenseriformesAcipenser brevirostrum Shortnose sturgeon Acipenser oxyrhynchus Atlantic sturgeon

Order ClupeiformesAlosa aestivalis Blueback herring

Alosa pseudoharengus Alewife

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Order Clupeiformes (continued)Alosa sapidissima American shad Alosa spp. Herring species

Anchoa mitchilli Bay anchovy Dorosoma cepedianum Gizzard shad

Order AnguilliformesAnguilla rostrata American eel

Order CypriniformesCarassius auratus Goldfish

Cyprinus carpio Carp

Order GadiformesMicrogadus tomcod Tomcod

Order AtheriniformesMenidia menidia Atlantic silverside Menidia spp. Silverside species

Order CyprinodontiformesFundulus heteroclitus Mummichog

Order ScorpaeniformesCottus spp. Sculpin species

Prionotus evolans Striped searobin

Order Perciformes Centropristis striata Black sea bass Etheostoma spp. Darter species Micropogonias undulatus Atlantic croaker

Morone americana White perch Morone saxatilis Striped bass Percina spp. Darter species

Pomatomus saltatrix Bluefish

Order GobiiformesGobiosoma bosc Naked goby

Order Pleuronectiformes Paralichthys dentatus Summer flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus Winter flounder

Trinectes maculates Hogchoker

Class Amphibia Order Urodela

Ambystoma jeffersonianum Jefferson’s salamander Ambystoma opacum Marbled salamander

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Order Urodela (continued) Gyrinophilus porphyriticus Northern spring salamander

Order AnuraBufo terrestris Southern toadBufo woodhousii fowleri Fowler’s toad

Class Reptilia Order Chelonia

Clemmys guttata Spotted turtle Clemmys insculpta Wood turtle Clemmys muhlenbergii Bog turtle Kinosternon subrubrum Eastern mud turtle Malaclemys terrapin Diamondback terrapin Sternotherus odoratus Stinkpot Terrapene carolina Eastern box turtle Trachemys scripta Red-eared slider

Order SquamataColuber constrictor Northern black racer

Eumeces fasciatus Five-lined skink Opheodrys vernalis Smooth green snake

Class Aves Order Podicipediformes

Podilymbus podiceps Pied-billed grebe

Order AnseriformesAnas platyrhynchos Mallard Anas rubripes Black duck

Anas strepera Gadwall Aythya americana Redhead

Branta canadensis Canada goose Bucephala albeola Bufflehead

Order Ciconiiformes Ardea alba Great egret Ardea exilis Least bittern

Ardea herodias Great blue heron Botaurus lentiginosus American bittern

Egretta caerulea Little blue heron Egretta tricolor Tricolor heron

Ixobrychus exilis Least bitternNyctanassa violacea Yellow-crowned night heron

Nycticorax nycticorax Black-crowned night heron

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Order FalconiformesAccipiter cooperii Cooper’s hawk

Accipiter gentiles Northern goshawk Accipiter striatus Sharp-shinned hawk

Buteo lineatus Red-shouldered hawk Buteo platypterus Broad-winged hawk Circus cyaneus Northern harrier Falco peregrinus Peregrine falcon

Falco sparverius American kestrel Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald eagle

Pandion haliaetus Osprey

Order GruiformesCoturnicops noveboracensis Yellow rail

Gallinula chloropus Common moorhen Rallus elegans King rail Rallus longirostris obsoletus California clapper rail

Rallus spp. Rail species

Order CharadriiformesActitis macularia Spotted sandpiper

Bartramia longicauda Upland sandpiper Calidris alba Sanderling Calidris alpina Dunlin Calidris canutus Red knot Calidris minutilla Least sandpiper Catoptrophorus semipalmatus Willet Chlidonias niger Black tern

Limosa fedoa Marbled godwit Limosa haemastica Hudsonian godwit Numenius phaeopus Whimbrel

Phalaropus tricolor Wilson’s phalarope Rynchops niger Black skimmer

Scolopax minor American woodcock Sterna antillarum Least tern Sterna caspia Caspian tern Sterna dougallii Roseate tern Sterna hirundo Common tern

Tringa arenaria Sanderling Tringa solitaria Solitary sandpiper Tryngites subruficollis Buff-breasted sandpiper

Order ColumbiformesColumba livia Rock dove

Order CuculiformesCoccyzus americanus Yellow-billed cuckoo

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Order Cuculiformes (continued)Coccyzus erythropthalmus Black-billed cuckoo

Order StrigiformesAsio flammeus Short-eared owl

Asio otus Long-eared owl Strix varia Barred owl

Tyto alba Common barn owl

Order CaprimulgiformesChordeiles acutipennis Lesser nighthawk

Chordeiles minor Common nighthawk

Order CoraciiformesCeryle alcyon Belted kingfisher

Order PiciformesMelanerpes erythrocephalus Red-headed woodpecker

Order Passeriformes Agelaius phoeniceus Red-winged blackbird

Ammodramus caudacutus Sharp-tailed sparrow Ammodramus maritimus Seaside sparrow Ammodramus palustris Swamp sparrow

Ammodramus spp. Sparrow species Cardinalis cardinalis Northern cardinal Carduelis tristis American goldfinch Catharus fuscescens Veery Catharus minimus Gray-cheeked thrush Catharus ustulatus Swainson’s thrush Cistothorus palustris Marsh wren Cistothorus platensis Sedge wren Corvus brachyrhynchos American crow Dendroica caerulescens Black-throated blue warbler Dendroica castanea Buff-breasted warbler Dendroica discolor Prairie warbler Dendroica petechia Yellow warbler Dendroica virens Black-throated green warbler

Dolichonyx oryzivorus Bobolink Dumetella carolinensis Gray catbird Empidonax minimus Least flycatcher Eremophila alpestris Horned lark Geothlypis trichas Common yellowthroat Hylocichla mustelina Wood thrush

Icterus galbula Baltimore oriole Lanius ludovicianus Loggerhead shrike Melospiza melodia Song sparrow

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Order Passeriformes (continued) Melospiza spp. Sparrow species

Mimus polyglottos Northern mockingbird Molothrus ater Brown-headed cowbird Parula americana Northern parula Passerculus sandwichensis Savannah sparrow Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Cliff swallow

Pooecetes gramineus Vesper sparrow Riparia riparia Bank swallow Spiza americana Dickcissel Sturnella magna Eastern meadowlark Sturnus vulgaris European starling

Troglodytes tyroglodytes Winter wren Vireo solitarius Solitary vireo Vermivora pinus Blue-winged warbler Wilsonia canadensis Canada warbler

Class Mammalia Order Rodentia

Castoroides ohioensis Giant beaver Mus musculus House mouse

Neotoma magister Allegheny woodrat Ondatra zibethicus Muskrat Rattus norvegicus Norway rat

Order ChiropteraMyotis sodalis Indiana bat

Order LagomorphaSylvilagus floridanus Eastern cottontail rabbit

Order Proboscidea Elephas primigenius Mammoth Mammut americanus American mastodon

Order CarnivoraCanis familiaris Domestic dog

Canis latrans Coyote Felis silvestris Domestic cat Lutra canadensis River otter Mustela vison Mink Procyon lotor Northern raccoon

Urocyon cinereoargenteus Gray fox Vulpes vulpes Red fox

Order PinnipediaPhoca vitulina Harbor seal

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Order ArtiodactylaBos taurus Domestic cow Cervalces scotti Stag-moose Odocoileus virginianus White-tailed deer

Rangifer tarandus Caribou

Order PrimataHomo sapiens Human (modern)

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