Xtralis Training 2

8/10/2019 Xtralis Training 2

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Xtralis AG. All rights reserved.

xtralis.com

Powerful Early Warning Safetyand Security Solutions


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Topic 3

Site Assessment


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- Give careful consideration to environmental conditions that may affect the ability of thesampling network to obtain an air sample. Factors such as:

- high air velocities

- frequent air changes

- air pressure variations

- air temperature.

- Variations within the area to be protected will all affect system performance, and mayrequire the use of at least one other VESDA sampling method to effectively monitor thefire zone

- To ensure a satisfactory airflow through the air sampling network and the Detector , theaspirator should exhaust to an equal or lower atmospheric pressure than that of theprotected area.

Environmental Conditions


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Topic 4

Pipe Network Design


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Regulatory Requirements

The optimum detector sensitivity takes the following into

consideration: Level of protection needed, room environment,

nature of work done.

In designing an air sampling network, due consideration must be

given to relevant Fire Codes, Standards and Regulations that may

govern such issues as

maximum permissible response time;

maximum allowable area coveragefor a single sampling

point;

distanceof sampling points from bordering walls; Maximum spacingbetween sampling points


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General Design Guidelines

A maximum of four sampling pipe runs connectedto each VESDA Detector is recommended althoughsome systems can have up to eight pipes, witheach pair of pipes branched at the Detector inlet.

The combined length of pipe runs from a singleVESDA Detector should not exceed 650 ft.

Individual pipe lengths should not exceed 325ft.

However, where response times in excess of 60seconds are acceptable, the combined length of allpipe runs can be extended beyond the 650 ft. limit.


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The ASPIRE modeling system should be used todetermine the maximum number of sampling points per

pipe run.

The designer should use national codes for PointDetector spacingas the criteria for determining theminimum number of sampling points.

The default sampling hole size is 5/64

Sample Point Spacing Guidelines


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A Grid Overlaid on Construction Plans

Location of

sampling point

or smoke

detector.

This layout is

using a grid

overlay concept.

Grid overlay


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Sampling Points Arranged with a Grid Layout

Maximum

zone size20,000 sq

ft

Sampling pipes Sampling points

VESDA

Detector

5ft 10ft

10ft

10ft10ft10ft

10ft

10ft

5ft

5ft

5ft


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Grid Overlay

10m

5.0m

7.0m

5.0m

10m grid


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Grid Overlay

Sampling pipes Sampling points

VESDA

Detector


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Regulatory Requirements

More details:

You must comply with the local standards that are applicable for

your area and application.

Australia

U.K. and Europe

North

America
http://localhost/Template/VESDA%20Codes%20ANZ.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/xtralis/New%20Corporate%20Marketing%20Materials/Module%202%20-%20Codes%20v1.2.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/xtralis/New%20Corporate%20Marketing%20Materials/Module%202%20-%20Codes%20v1.2.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/xtralis/New%20Corporate%20Marketing%20Materials/Module%202%20-%20Codes%20v1.2.ppthttp://localhost/Template/VESDA%20Codes%20ANZ.ppt


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Codes & StandardsVESDA detectors are UL268

listed for primary detection


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Over 300,000 VESDA units have been installed around the world

in a diverse range of environments and has gained global

approvals:

FM (USA)

UL (USA)

ULC (Canada)

CSFM (California)

LPC (UK)

AFNOR (France)VdS (Germany)

SSL (Australia)

NC (China)


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NFPA STANDARDS

NFPA 72 - NATIONAL FIRE ALARM CODE

NFPA 75 - COMPUTER / DATA PROCESSING EQUIPMENT

NFPA 76TELECOMMUNICATIONS

NFPA 318 - PROTECTION OF CLEAN ROOMS

NFPA 850PROTECTION FOR ELECTRIC GENERATING PLANTS

NFPA 909 -PROTECTION OF CULTURAL RESOURCES

NFPA 914PROTECTION OF HISTORIC STRUCTURES

NFPA 2001 - CLEAN AGENT EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS


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CODES Relative to Extinguishing

NFPA 2 Hydrogen Technologies Code

NFPA 11 Standard for lo, med, hi expansion foam

NFPA 12 Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems

NFPA 12a Halon 1301 Fire Extinguishing Systems


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5.7.3.3 Air Sampling-Type Smoke Detector.

5.7.3.3.1: Each sampling port of an air sampling-type smoke detector shall be treated as a spot-type

detector for the purpose of location and spacing.

5.7.3.3.2:

Maximum air sample transport time from the farthest sampling point shall not exceed 120seconds.

NFPA 72 - 2002 EDITION


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NFPA 72 - 2002 EDITION

5.7.3.3.7 Air sampling network piping and fittings shall be airtight and permanently fixed. **

5.7.3.3.8 Sampling system piping shall be conspicuously identified as SMOKE DETECTOR

SAMPLING TUBE.DO NOT DISTURB, as follows:

(A) At changes in direction or branches of piping;(B) At each side of penetrations of walls, floors, or other barriers;

(C) At intervals on piping that provide visibility within the space, but no greater than 20ft.

* *EXCEPT AT THE INLET MANIFOLD OF THE DETECTOR!!!


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TABLE 10.4.2.2 TEST METHODS

DEVICE

3. Air Sampling

METHOD

Per manufacturers recommended test methods,

detector alarm responseshall be verified through the end samplingport on each pipe run;

airflowthrough all other ports shall be verified as well.


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Alarm Response:

Take off alarm delays.

Spray smoke into the farthest sample hole (End Vent) from

the detector.

Using a stop watch, time the time taken for the detector to

respond to the increase of smoke.

Airflow:

Using a digital manometer, measure the pressure readings

at the sample holes & compare to the initial readings.


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Air Sampling methods

When designing a pipe network, the key area for protection to consider are:

1. Does the room need protection?

2. Does the air handling unit need protection?

3. Does the object need protection?

The three basic air sampling methodsused to protect a room are:

Standard Pipe SamplingSystems

(below ceiling or floor void or above cabinet)

Capillary tube sampling

(concealed, above-ceiling, or within cabinets). Return air sampling

(within duct or return air grille)

Inter-beam sampling

(more details in separate application course)


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Air Sampling - Introduction

The most basic and widely used sampling method involves suspending

lengths of CPVC/PVC pipe of internal diameter (ID is 0.87,

normal) over the area to be protected.

The pipes can be arranged in a variety of ways so that they cover the

whole area of the monitored fire zone.

These lengths of pipe are then connected to the Detector inlet manifold

(normally up to four for each Detector).

Each of the pipe lengths has a number of small holes spaced along its

length that act as sampling points.

The far end of each sampling pipe is terminated by a vented endcapdesigned to balance the smoke sensitivity of each of the sampling

points.


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Designing a pipe network - basics

Is there moving air in the

environment requiring fire

protection?

Is there objects in the

environment requiring fireprotection?

A simple environment requiring

fire protection


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Below Ceiling Sampling example 1

Below-ceiling

sampling


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For ceiling mounted applications, sampling pointsshould be atleast 1 inch, but not more than 4 inchesbelow the ceiling and should be oriented downinto theroom space.

This arrangement places the sampling points beneaththe small boundary layer of warm air that causessmoke stratification and is common in heatedenvironments or in actual fire conditions.

Standard Sampling Pipe Network Guidelines


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Capillary sampling - Introduction

Capillary sampling is a means of locating sampling points

away from the main sampling pipe without creating

extremely complex networks.

Typically, this method uses short 3 ft12 ft lengths of 3/16inch1/2 inch ID flexible tubing that branches off from the

trunk pipe and then penetrates a given surface.

Capillary sampling is useful where there is a localized

monitoring of equipment cabinets is required.

The sample hole location is marked with a printed decalaround the sample hole.


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Sampling trunkpipe

Capillary tube

Trunk adaptor

(any orientation

Miniaturesampling pointfitting

Ceiling panelor tile

typical concealed sampling installation. The sampling point fitting places the sampling hole more than 25 mm (1

nch) below the ceiling panel or tile.

Ceiling capillary sampling


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With concealed sampling, the trunk pipe network runs through a ceiling

void and capillary tubes branch off at regular intervals to penetrate the

ceiling panels or tiles

The end of each capillary tube is terminated in a sampling point fitting

The end vent of each pipe run should penetrate the protected area

In some circumstances, an even more discreet means of sampling is

needed.

This is usually the case in historical buildings or in decorated interiors.

A capillary tube branches from the trunk pipe and penetrates into thefire zone.

Concealed Sampling Pipework


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Mansion in Brazil


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Sample hole

Historic registered Liberty Theater 65 dome Astoria OR.


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The minimum capillary tube ID is 0.2 inch.

Although capillary tubes can be any length up to 26 ft it will benecessary to increase the capillary tube ID as the length of thetube increases.

Concealed Sampling Guidelines


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Inter-beam Sampling

Walking Sticks

are typically used

between inter

beam areas and

difficult to get toplaces


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AHU# 1 AHU# 2

VESDADetector

Sampling pipes

Standoffs StandoffsSealedendcap

Sealedendca

Esc

1.0VESDA

LaserPLUS

FAULTS

System

Zone

UrgentPo wer

NetworkAirflowFilter

ModeTest

SilenceScan

Reset Isolate

OKIsolated

Sensitivity

Smoke Level

ZoneNumber

FirstAlarmSector

Return Air Grille Sampling


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Return Air Sampling

Sampling

point

angled

(between

20 to 45

deg) to

obtain bestair sampleAHU

Path of return air stream

AHU vent


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In areas of high assessed risk only two AHUs should be monitored by a

single Detector.

Additionally, only one AHU should be monitored by each sampling pipe.

Return Air Grille Sampling

Standoff p ost100 to 200 mm long(4 in to 8 in)

Samplingpipe

Self tapp ingscrews

AHU

Sampling pointangled to obtaibest air sample

AHUvent

Path ofreturn

airstream


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In-Duct Sampling

Exhaust probe from detector

Intake probe to detector

AIR

FLOW


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AIRFLOW

A pressure curve forms

around the pipe as the

airflow passes around it(20 to 45 deg angle)

In-Duct Sampling


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Reference Sampling

Air Sampling External Source (Reference Zone)Reference Detector

VESDAnet

VESDAnet

Sampling Pipes sampling Zone 1

VESDA Zone 5

(Reference Zone)

Sampling Pipes sampling Zone 2

Sampling Pipes sampling Zone 4Sampling Pipes sampling Zone 3

Detector

monitoring

internal area

VESDA Zone 1

(Reference

reading is

subtracted)

Detector

monitoring

internal area

VESDA Zone 2

(Reference

reading is

subtracted)

Detector

monitoring

internal area

VESDA Zone 4

(Reference

reading is

subtracted)

Detector

monitoring

internal area

VESDA Zone 3

(Reference

reading is

subtracted)


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Effects of using multiple pipes

Smoke diluted by air

samples closer to the

detector (low

concentration)

Smoke picked up

here (high

concentration)

VESDALaserPLUS 88

14 3 2 xWorst

Option

14 3 2

VESDALaserPLUS 88

Shorter pipe runs mean

that dilution from smokefree air is less of a

problem

Best

Option


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ASPIRE2 - One Pipe

6

11

16


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ASPIRE2 Summary

When using APIRE2, all parameter changes must be

followed by the compute (calculate) command.

Xtralis Training 2

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