XIII. Development of the New South

Things to Know1. Developments in the South

status of African American--rise of segregation and African-American response, i.e. W. E. B. Du Bois vs. Booker T. Washington

Need to KnowJim Crow Laws

legalized segregation

1883 Civil Rights CasesCongress could not outlaw discrimination by

private individuals and orgs.

Plessey v. Fergusonlegalized “separate but equal”

XIV. Development in the West

Things to Know1. Developments in the West:

successive frontiers--mining frontier and cattle kingdom

relations with native Americans and development of federal policy

Need to KnowComstock Lode

first U.S. discovery of silver

Central Pacific RailroadCalifornia to Utahpart of transcontinental

Union Pacific Railroad

Promontory Pointpoint where transcontinental railroad was

completed

long drivecattle drive

Joseph Gliddenbarbed wire

Great American Desertwestern part of Great Plains

Sand Creek MassacreCO militia attacked Indian village during

Indian Wars

Battle of Lil BighornCuster’s Last Stand

Nez PerceNative Americans of the Pacific Northwest

Wounded Kneelast conflict b/t Sioux and America

Important Definitions

XV. Industrial America

Things to Know

Need to KnowJohn D. Rockefeller

Standard Oil Co.created trusts

Standard Oiloil producing, transporting, refining, etc

Andrew Carnegiesteel baron…Gospel of Wealth

J.P. MorganU.S. Steel, mergers

horizontal integrationconsolidating to monopolize a given market

(Rockefeller)

vertical integrationcontrolling every factor of production

(Carnegie)

Social Darwinismsurvival of the fittest

Sherman Anti-trust Actfirst federal act to stop monopolies

National Labor UnionWilliam H. Sylvis8 hr day, federal dept. of labor, higher wages

Knights of Laborlabor org., arbitration not violence

Terence Powderlyleader of Knights of Labor

American Federation of LaborSamuel Gompersused political tactics

Samuel GompersAFL

company townall business owned by same company

closed shoponly union members

Cornelius Vanderbiltrailroads, steel rail

Pullman sleeping car

Philip Armour and Gustavus Swiftmeatpacking industry

Alexander Graham Bell

Thomas Edison

XVI. Urban Society

Need to KnowWhiskey Ring (Grant)

gov’t officials bribed so distillers get around excise taxes

Credit Mobilier (Grant)railroad scandal

“Boss” Tweed“boss” of Tammany Hall political machine

Tammany HallDem. party political machine

Social GospelChristian ethics to social problems

Salvation Armyattracted poor w/ marching bands, preaching

YMCAhousing and recreation for migrants to cities

Important Definitions

XVII. Populism and Progressivism

Things to Know

Need to KnowThe Grange

Patrons of Husbandryencouraged farmers to band together for well

being

long v. short haulrailroad rates over distances, discrimination

Munn v. Illinoisallowed states to regulate railroads

Interstate Commerce Commissionpower to investigate railroads

William Jennings Bryanfree silver, Populist

merit systempromoted according to ability

Greenback Partysupported paper money

Pendleton Civil Service Actended spoils systemestablished United States Civil Service

Commission

Robert LaFollette

Ida TarbellmuckrakerHistory of the Standard Oil Company

Lincoln SteffensmuckrakerShame of the Cities (corruption)

Upton SinclairThe Jungle, exposed meatpacking practices

Gifford Pinchotfirst chief of United States Forest Service

Northern Securities Case (TR)first anti-trust case against corporate

interests

Hepburn Act (TR)gave Interstate Commerce Commission

power to set max railroad rates (restricted free passes)

Meat Inspection Actsafe food for consumers

Pure Food and Drug Acttruth in labeling

Payne Aldrich Tarifflowered certain tariffs

Eugene Debsunion leader (IWW), socialist pres. candidate

Bull Moose PartyProgressive Party, formed by TR after split in

Republicans

Underwood Tarifflowered tariff rates

Clayton Anti-trust Actlaid out restrictions against monopolies and

punishments

Josiah Strongfounder of Social Gospel Movement

John Haydon’t worry about

Louis BrandeisSupreme Court Justice, Progressive“the people’s lawyer”

Carrie Chapman Cattpres. of National American Woman Suffrage

Associations

Alice Paulsuffrage

Jane AddamsHull House

Frances Willardeducator, suffragist

settlement houseshelped lower income residents of cities

(immigrants)

Jacob RiisHow the Other Half Lives

Important Definitions

XVIII. America as World Power

Things to Know

Need to KnowAlfred Thayer Mahan

control of sea was key to world poweradvocated buildup of navy

DeLome LetterSpanish official criticizes McKinleyone of causes of Sp/Am War

Teller ResolutionU.S. would not annex Cuba once Spanish

kicked out

Emilio AguinaldoFilipino independence leader against US

Open Door Policyall Euro nations and U.S. could trade w/ China

Boxer Rebellionagainst Westerners (China)

Treaty of Portsmouthended Russo-Japanese War (1905)

Gentlemen’s AgreementU.S.

would not limit Japan immigrationJapan

would limit immigration themselves

Platt Amendment (Cuba)withdrew U.S. troopsgave U.S. mil/econ claims (Guantanamo)

Roosevelt CorollaryU.S. can intervene in Lat. Am. economic

affairs

Pancho VillaMexican general

General Pershingleader of American Expeditionary Forces

(WWI)

LusitaniaBrit passenger shipsinking brought U.S. into WWI

Sussex PledgeGerman promise that passenger ships would

not be sunk

Zimmerman TelegramMex. gets old territory if allies w/ Germ

Treaty of Brest-LitovskRussia’s exit from WWI

Selective Service Actauthorized draft

War Industries Boardcoordinated purchase of war supplies

Bernard Barucheconomic advisor to Wilson and FDR

Creel Committeeinfluenced U.S. public opinion on entry into

WWI

Fourteen Pointslaid out Wilson’s plan for postwar peace and

prosperity

Paris Peace Conferencemeeting of Allied victors to set peace terms

Treaty of Versaillesended WWI

Henry Cabot Lodge

Important Definitions

XIX. The Twenties

Things to Know

Need to KnowA. Mitchell Palmer

raids against “Red Scare”

Ohio Gangpoliticians associated w/ Hardingknown for corruption

Teapot Dome Scandal (Harding)leased oil lands w/o competitive bidding

Andrew MellonSec of Treasury under Harding

Hawley Smoot Tariffraised tariffs to record levelscontributed to G. Depression

Emergency Quota Act (1921)

Emergency Quota Act (1924)limited immigration to 2% of the current

American pop. from that country

Charles Lindberghfirst to solo the Atlantic

T.S. Eliotpoet, playwright of modernist movement

F. Scott Fitzgeraldauthor of the Jazz Age

Theodore Dreiserfounder of naturalist school, character’s

value is in overcoming obstacles

Sinclair Lewisfirst American to win Nobel Prize for

Literature

Ernest Hemingway

Gertrude Smithcatalyst of modern art and literature

Harlem Renaissanceblossoming of Afr. Am. culture and arts

Langston Hughespoet, most well known of Harl. Ren

Marcus GarveyUnited Negro Improvement Associationled first black mass movement in America

flappersrebellious women of the 20s

speakeasiessecret clubs w/ alcohol during prohibition

fundamentalismliteral belief in the Bible

bootleggers“moonshine runners”

Henry FordModel T, assembly line

Frederick Taylorfounder of scientific management (efficiency

in factories)

Margaret Sangerbirth control

Volstead Actprohibition

prohibitionalcohol illegal

Lost Generationwriters “lost” in a greedy, materialistic world

Important Definitions